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Accounting Policies - Accounting Policies (Policies) | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Farmer Mac and its two subsidiaries during the year: (1) Farmer Mac Mortgage Securities Corporation ("FMMSC"), whose principal activities are to facilitate the purchase and issuance of Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities; and (2) Farmer Mac II LLC, whose principal activity is the operation of substantially all of the business related to the USDA Guarantees line of business – primarily the acquisition of USDA Securities. The consolidated financial statements also include the accounts of VIEs in which Farmer Mac determined itself to be the primary beneficiary. The accounts of Contour Valuation Services, LLC (which began doing business as AgVisory during first quarter 2016) ("AgVisory"), Farmer Mac's former majority-owned subsidiary, are also included through June 30, 2017. Farmer Mac redeemed its ownership interest in AgVisory on May 1, 2017. The following tables present, by line of business, details about the consolidation of VIEs: Table 1.1
| Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities
| As of June 30, 2018
| Farm & Ranch |  | USDA Guarantees |  | Rural Utilities |  | Institutional Credit |  | Corporate |  | Total
| (in thousands)
On-Balance Sheet: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated VIEs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans held for investment in consolidated trusts, at amortized cost | $ | 1,443,246 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,443,246 |
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties (1) | 1,449,888 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,449,888 |
Unconsolidated VIEs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Carrying value (2) | — |  |  | 29,206 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,206 |
Maximum exposure to loss (3) | — |  |  | 28,938 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,938 |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Carrying value (4) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 917,479 |  |  | 917,479 |
Maximum exposure to loss (3) (4) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 917,260 |  |  | 917,260 |
Off-Balance Sheet: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unconsolidated VIEs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maximum exposure to loss (3) (5) | 297,833 |  |  | 325,652 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 623,485 |
(1) | Includes borrower remittances of $6.6 million. The borrower remittances had not been passed through to third party investors as of June 30, 2018.
(2) | Includes $0.3 million of unamortized premiums and discounts and fair value adjustments related to the USDA Guarantees line of business.
(3) | Farmer Mac uses unpaid principal balance and outstanding face amount of investment securities to represent maximum exposure to loss.
(4) | Includes auction-rate certificates, asset-backed securities, and government-sponsored enterprise ("GSE")-guaranteed mortgage-backed securities.
(5) | The amount under the Farm & Ranch line of business relates to unconsolidated trusts where Farmer Mac determined it was not the primary beneficiary due to shared power with an unrelated party.
| Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities
| As of December 31, 2017
| Farm & Ranch |  | USDA Guarantees |  | Rural Utilities |  | Institutional Credit |  | Corporate |  | Total
| (in thousands)
On-Balance Sheet: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated VIEs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans held for investment in consolidated trusts, at amortized cost | $ | 1,399,827 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,399,827 |
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties (1) | 1,404,945 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,404,945 |
Unconsolidated VIEs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Carrying value (2) | — |  |  | 30,300 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,300 |
Maximum exposure to loss (3) | — |  |  | 29,980 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,980 |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Carrying value (4) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 783,964 |  |  | 783,964 |
Maximum exposure to loss (3) (4) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 783,916 |  |  | 783,916 |
Off-Balance Sheet: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unconsolidated VIEs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maximum exposure to loss (3) (5) | 333,511 |  |  | 254,217 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 587,728 |
(1) | Includes borrower remittances of $5.1 million, which have not been passed through to third party investors as of December 31, 2017.
(2) | Includes $0.3 million of unamortized premiums and discounts and fair value adjustments related to the USDA Guarantees line of business.
(3) | Farmer Mac uses unpaid principal balance and the outstanding face amount of investment securities to represent maximum exposure to loss.
(4) | Includes auction-rate certificates, asset-backed securities, and GSE-guaranteed mortgage-backed securities.
(5) | The amount under the Farm & Ranch line of business relates to unconsolidated trusts where Farmer Mac determined it was not the primary beneficiary due to shared power with an unrelated party.
Summary of Significant Account Policies |
1. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation ("Farmer Mac") and subsidiaries have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present a fair statement of the financial position and the results of operations and cash flows of Farmer Mac and subsidiaries for the interim periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements have been omitted as permitted by SEC rules and regulations. The December 31, 2017 consolidated balance sheet presented in this report has been derived from Farmer Mac's audited 2017 consolidated financial statements. Management believes that the disclosures are adequate to present fairly the consolidated financial statements as of the dates and for the periods presented. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the 2017 consolidated financial statements of Farmer Mac and subsidiaries included in Farmer Mac's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the SEC on March 8, 2018. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of those that may be expected for the fiscal year. Presented below are Farmer Mac's significant accounting policies that contain updated information for the three months ended June 30, 2018.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Statements of Cash Flows | Statements of Cash Flows
Earnings Per Share | Earnings Per Common Share Basic earnings per common share ("EPS") is based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share is based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding adjusted to include all potentially dilutive common stock options, stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), and non-vested restricted stock awards.
Comprehensive Income | Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income represents all changes in stockholders' equity except those resulting from investments by or distributions to stockholders, and is comprised of net income and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, certain held-to-maturity securities transferred from the available-for-sale classification, and cash flow hedges, net of related taxes.
New Accounting Standards | New Accounting Standards In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-02, "Leases," which provides new guidance intended to improve financial reporting about leasing transactions. The ASU requires organizations that lease assets to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. The ASU also requires new disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The new standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Farmer Mac does not expect that adoption of the new guidance will have a material effect on Farmer Mac’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments—Credit Losses," which will require entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Entities will be required to use forward-looking information to form their credit loss estimates. The ASU will also require enhanced disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity’s portfolio. The new standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application will be permitted for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Farmer Mac is currently developing its accounting policy, planning for changes to its loss estimation methodologies and evaluating the impact that the new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. That impact will primarily be from the new requirement to recognize all expected losses rather than just incurred losses as of the reporting date. In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, "Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities," which shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium by requiring the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The ASU does not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount. The new standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Farmer Mac does not expect that adoption of the new guidance will have a material effect on Farmer Mac's financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In first quarter 2018 Farmer Mac adopted ASU 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities," which amends hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements to better align a reporting entity's risk management activities and hedge accounting. The new guidance reduces the complexity and simplifies the application of hedge accounting by eliminating the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and by requiring the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item. The cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 reflected application of the new guidance and did not have a material effect on Farmer Mac's financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Reclassifications | Reclassifications Certain reclassifications of prior period information were made to conform to the current period presentation.

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