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Equity - Equity (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Equity [Abstract] |
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, by Exercise Price Range [Table Text Block] | The following tables summarize information regarding SARs and non-vested restricted stock outstanding as of December 31, 2018: Table 9.2
|  | Outstanding |  | Exercisable |  | Vested or Expected to Vest
Range of Exercise Prices |  | SARs |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life |  | SARs |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life |  | SARs |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life
$10.00 - $24.99 |  | 16,000 |  |  | 2.6 years |  | 16,000 |  |  | 2.6 years |  | 16,000 |  |  | 2.6 years
25.00 - 39.99 |  | 86,462 |  |  | 6.1 years |  | 76,629 |  |  | 5.9 years |  | 86,462 |  |  | 6.1 years
40.00 - 54.99 |  | — |  |  | 0.0 years |  | — |  |  | 0.0 years |  | — |  |  | 0.0 years
55.00 - 69.99 |  | 12,376 |  |  | 8.3 years |  | 3,046 |  |  | 8.3 years |  | 12,376 |  |  | 8.3 years
70.00 - 84.99 |  | — |  |  | 0.0 years |  | — |  |  | 0.0 years |  | — |  |  | 0.0 years
85.00 - 99.99 |  | 10,122 |  |  | 9.3 years |  | — |  |  | 0.0 years |  | 10,122 |  |  | 9.3 years
|  | 124,960 |  |  |  |  | 95,675 |  |  |  |  | 124,960 |  |  |
|  | Outstanding |  | Expected to Vest |  |  |  |  |
Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value |  | Non-vested Restricted Stock |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life |  | Non-vested Restricted Stock |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life |  |  |  |  |
$35.00 - $49.99 |  | 27,505 |  |  | 0.3 years |  | 27,505 |  |  | 0.3 years |  |  |  |
50.00 - 64.99 |  | 21,848 |  |  | 1.3 years |  | 21,848 |  |  | 1.3 years |  |  |  |
65.00 - 79.99 |  | 3,578 |  |  | 2.2 years |  | 3,578 |  |  | 2.2 years |  |  |  |
80.00 - 94.99 |  | 27,222 |  |  | 1.6 years |  | 27,222 |  |  | 1.6 years |  |  |  |
|  | 80,153 |  |  |  |  | 80,153 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block] | The following tables summarize stock options, SARs, and non-vested restricted stock activity for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016: Table 9.1
| For the Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| Stock Options and SARs |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  | Stock Options and SARs |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  | Stock Options and SARs |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning of year | 163,272 |  |  | $ | 32.95 |  |  | 367,535 |  |  | $ | 30.18 |  |  | 747,573 |  |  | $ | 26.68 |
Granted | 10,122 |  |  | 86.15 |  |  | 24,657 |  |  | 60.84 |  |  | 51,975 |  |  | 35.75 |
Exercised | (48,434 | ) |  | 30.06 |  |  | (111,278 | ) |  | 31.47 |  |  | (431,346 | ) |  | 24.77 |
Canceled | — |  |  | — |  |  | (117,642 | ) |  | 31.55 |  |  | (667 | ) |  | 35.60 |
Outstanding, end of year | 124,960 |  |  | 38.38 |  |  | 163,272 |  |  | 32.95 |  |  | 367,535 |  |  | 30.18 |
Exercisable at end of year | 95,675 |  |  | 31.41 |  |  | 93,085 |  |  | 28.57 |  |  | 208,274 |  |  | 27.41 |
| For the Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| Non-vested Restricted Stock |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Non-vested Restricted Stock |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Non-vested Restricted Stock |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of year | 95,015 |  |  | $ | 44.39 |  |  | 138,497 |  |  | $ | 34.63 |  |  | 132,651 |  |  | $ | 32.12 |
Granted | 32,070 |  |  | 84.03 |  |  | 45,828 |  |  | 59.79 |  |  | 76,617 |  |  | 36.33 |
Canceled | (1,098 | ) |  | 86.15 |  |  | (28,815 | ) |  | 42.15 |  |  | (1,360 | ) |  | 35.75 |
Vested and issued | (45,834 | ) |  | 42.12 |  |  | (60,495 | ) |  | 34.77 |  |  | (69,411 | ) |  | 31.69 |
Outstanding, end of year | 80,153 |  |  | 60.98 |  |  | 95,015 |  |  | 44.39 |  |  | 138,497 |  |  | 34.63 |
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block] | As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the intrinsic value of options, SARs, and non-vested restricted stock outstanding, exercisable, and vested or expected to vest was $7.9 million and $14.8 million, respectively. During 2018, 2017, and 2016, the total intrinsic value of options and SARs exercised was $3.0 million, $3.8 million, and $7.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, there was $2.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested SARs and restricted stock awards. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years. The weighted-average grant date fair values of options, SARs, and restricted stock awards granted in 2018, 2017, and 2016 were $69.38, $44.93, and $25.11 per share, respectively. Under the fair value-based method of accounting for stock-based compensation cost, Farmer Mac recognized compensation expense of $2.5 million, $2.7 million, and $3.3 million during 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. The fair values of stock options and SARs were estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following assumptions: Table 9.3
| For the Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Risk-free interest rate | 2.7% |  | 2.3% |  | 1.5%
Expected years until exercise | 6 years |  | 6 years |  | 5 years
Expected stock volatility | 33.0% |  | 34.8% |  | 34.7%
Dividend yield | 2.7% |  | 2.4% |  | 2.9%
The risk-free interest rates used in the model were based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the grant date. Farmer Mac used historical data to estimate the timing of option exercises and stock option cancellation rates used in the model. Expected volatilities were based on historical volatility of Farmer Mac's Class C non-voting common stock. The dividend yields were based on the expected dividends as a percentage of the value of Farmer Mac's Class C non-voting common stock on the grant date. Because restricted stock awards will be issued upon vesting regardless of the stock price, expected stock volatility is not considered in determining grant date fair value. Restricted stock awards also accrue dividends which are paid at vesting. The weighted-average grant date fair value of the restricted stock awarded in 2018, 2017, and 2016 was $84.03, $59.79, and $36.33 per share, respectively, which is based on the closing price of the stock on the date granted.

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