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Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Guaranteed Securities - Unrealized Loss Position (Details) $ in Thousands | Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) position | Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) position
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Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract] |  |
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than Twelve Months, Fair Value | $ 1,433,453 | $ 1,034,964
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Twelve Months or Longer, Fair Value | 315,786 | 388,534
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss [Abstract] |  |
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss | (3,281) | (3,909)
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss | (2,647) | (2,106)
Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities [Member] |  |
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value [Abstract] |  |
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Fair Value | 707,813 | 1,329,332
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Fair Value | 3,042,061 | 2,414,093
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss [Abstract] |  |
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss | (2,456) | (8,169)
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss | (71,719) | (58,302)
Institutional Credit [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value [Abstract] |  |
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Fair Value | 669,610 | 1,304,160
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Fair Value | 976,318 | 351,664
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss [Abstract] |  |
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss | (1,760) | (8,094)
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss | (10,188) | (3,335)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract] |  |
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than Twelve Months, Fair Value | 1,480,423 | 1,273,965
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Twelve Months or Longer, Fair Value | 1,599,679 | 1,759,377
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss [Abstract] |  |
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss | (9,364) | (8,819)
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss | $ (42,003) | $ (37,492)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Number of Positions [Abstract] |  |
Available-for-sale, Securities in Unrealized Loss Positions, Qualitative Disclosure, Number of Positions | position | 38 | 36
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Qualitative Disclosure [Abstract] |  |
Held-to-maturity, Securities in Unrealized Loss Positions, Qualitative Disclosure, Number of Positions | position | 43 | 23
USDA Guarantees [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value [Abstract] |  |
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Fair Value |  | $ 24,721
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Fair Value |  | 0
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss [Abstract] |  |
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss |  | 0
USDA Guarantees [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] |  |
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value [Abstract] |  |
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Fair Value | $ 38,203 | 451
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Fair Value | 2,065,743 | 2,062,429
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss [Abstract] |  |
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss | (61,531) | (54,967)
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | USDA Guarantees [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss [Abstract] |  |
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss |  | (73)
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | USDA Guarantees [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] |  |
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss [Abstract] |  |
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss | $ (696) | $ (2)

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