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Investment Securities - Investment Securities (Tables) - Investment Securities [Member] | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Schedule of Available-for-sale and Trading Securities [Line Items] |
Marketable Securities [Table Text Block] | following tables set forth information about Farmer Mac's investment securities as of December 31, 2018 and 2017: Table 4.1
| As of December 31, 2018
| Amount Outstanding |  | Unamortized Premium/(Discount) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
| (in thousands)
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | $ | 19,700 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,700 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (985 | ) |  | $ | 18,715 |
Floating rate asset-backed securities | 28,940 |  |  | (136 | ) |  | 28,804 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (128 | ) |  | 28,678 |
Floating rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 1,379,472 |  |  | 1,528 |  |  | 1,381,000 |  |  | 721 |  |  | (4,267 | ) |  | 1,377,454 |
Fixed rate GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities(1) | 384 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 385 |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | 403 |
Fixed rate U.S. Treasuries | 797,913 |  |  | (4,882 | ) |  | 793,031 |  |  | 119 |  |  | (548 | ) |  | 792,602 |
Total available-for-sale | 2,226,409 |  |  | (3,489 | ) |  | 2,222,920 |  |  | 860 |  |  | (5,928 | ) |  | 2,217,852 |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 45,032 |  |  | — |  |  | 45,032 |  |  | 562 |  |  | — |  |  | 45,594 |
Total investment securities | $ | 2,271,441 |  |  | $ | (3,489 | ) |  | $ | 2,267,952 |  |  | $ | 1,422 |  |  | $ | (5,928 | ) |  | $ | 2,263,446 |
(1) | During second quarter 2018, the remaining premium of an interest-only security was fully amortized because the issuer called the security upon full prepayment of the underlying mortgage loan that collateralized the security.
| As of December 31, 2017
| Amount Outstanding |  | Unamortized Premium/(Discount) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
| (in thousands)
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | $ | 19,700 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,700 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (886 | ) |  | $ | 18,814 |
Floating rate asset-backed securities | 34,462 |  |  | (154 | ) |  | 34,308 |  |  | 22 |  |  | (120 | ) |  | 34,210 |
Floating rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 1,289,123 |  |  | 2,217 |  |  | 1,291,340 |  |  | 2,215 |  |  | (3,368 | ) |  | 1,290,187 |
Fixed rate GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities(1) | 451 |  |  | 2,138 |  |  | 2,589 |  |  | 2,230 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,819 |
Fixed rate senior agency debt | 100,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | — |  |  | (49 | ) |  | 99,951 |
Fixed rate U.S. Treasuries | 770,852 |  |  | (1,836 | ) |  | 769,016 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,592 | ) |  | 767,424 |
Total available-for-sale | 2,214,588 |  |  | 2,365 |  |  | 2,216,953 |  |  | 4,467 |  |  | (6,015 | ) |  | 2,215,405 |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 45,032 |  |  | — |  |  | 45,032 |  |  | 532 |  |  | — |  |  | 45,564 |
Total investment securities | $ | 2,259,620 |  |  | $ | 2,365 |  |  | $ | 2,261,985 |  |  | $ | 4,999 |  |  | $ | (6,015 | ) |  | $ | 2,260,969 |
(1) | Fair value includes $4.3 million of an interest-only security with a notional amount of $143.7 million.
F
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value [Table Text Block] | As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, unrealized losses on available-for-sale investment securities were as follows: Table 4.2
| As of December 31, 2018
| Available-for-Sale Securities
| Unrealized loss position for less than 12 months |  | Unrealized loss position for more than 12 months
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss
| (dollars in thousands)
Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,715 |  |  | $ | (985 | )
Floating rate asset-backed securities | 6,456 |  |  | (38 | ) |  | 19,058 |  |  | (90 | )
Floating rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 927,416 |  |  | (2,907 | ) |  | 196,416 |  |  | (1,360 | )
Fixed rate U.S. Treasuries | 499,581 |  |  | (336 | ) |  | 81,597 |  |  | (212 | )
Total | $ | 1,433,453 |  |  | $ | (3,281 | ) |  | $ | 315,786 |  |  | $ | (2,647 | )
Number of securities in loss position |  |  | 72 |  |  |  | 48
| As of December 31, 2017
| Available-for-Sale Securities
| Unrealized loss position for less than 12 months |  | Unrealized loss position for more than 12 months
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss
| (in thousands)
Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,814 |  |  | $ | (886 | )
Floating rate asset-backed securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,145 |  |  | (120 | )
Floating rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 292,522 |  |  | (2,337 | ) |  | 221,641 |  |  | (1,031 | )
Fixed rate U.S. Treasuries | 742,442 |  |  | (1,572 | ) |  | 24,983 |  |  | (20 | )
Fixed rate senior agency debt | — |  |  | — |  |  | 99,951 |  |  | (49 | )
Total | $ | 1,034,964 |  |  | $ | (3,909 | ) |  | $ | 388,534 |  |  | $ | (2,106 | )
Number of securities in loss position |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 51
Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date [Table Text Block] | amortized cost, fair value, and weighted-average yield of available-for-sale investment securities by remaining contractual maturity as of December 31, 2018 are set forth below. Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities are included based on their final maturities, although the actual maturities may differ due to prepayments of the underlying assets. Table 4.3
| As of December 31, 2018
| Available-for-Sale Securities
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Weighted- Average Yield
| (dollars in thousands)
Due within one year | $ | 767,989 |  |  | $ | 767,536 |  |  | 1.29%
Due after one year through five years | 217,450 |  |  | 217,443 |  |  | 2.76%
Due after five years through ten years | 646,531 |  |  | 644,361 |  |  | 2.72%
Due after ten years | 590,950 |  |  | 588,512 |  |  | 2.92%
Total | $ | 2,222,920 |  |  | $ | 2,217,852 |  |  | 2.28%

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of fair value amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in unrealized loss position. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=82897076&loc=d3e27290-111563 + Details
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