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Income Taxes - Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward [Table Text Block] | As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, Farmer Mac did not identify any uncertain tax positions. Farmer Mac did not incur unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block] | The components of the federal corporate income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 were as follows: Table 10.1
| For the Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| (in thousands)
Current income tax expense | $ | 25,317 |  |  | $ | 43,148 |  |  | $ | 37,954 |
Deferred income tax expense | 2,625 |  |  | 3,221 |  |  | 4,103 |
Income tax expense | $ | 27,942 |  |  | $ | 46,369 |  |  | $ | 42,057 |
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block] | A reconciliation of income tax at the statutory federal corporate income tax rate to the income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 is as follows: Table 10.2
| For the Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| (dollars in thousands)
Tax expense at statutory rate | $ | 28,564 |  |  | $ | 45,740 |  |  | $ | 41,775 |
Re-measurement of net deferred tax asset due to enactment of new tax legislation | — |  |  | 1,365 |  |  | — |
Excess tax benefits related to stock-based awards | (946 | ) |  | (860 | ) |  | — |
Valuation allowance | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 21 |
Other | 324 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 261 |
Income tax expense | $ | 27,942 |  |  | $ | 46,369 |  |  | $ | 42,057 |
Statutory tax rate | 21.0 | % |  | 35.0 | % |  | 35.0 | %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block] | The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: Table 10.3
| As of December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
| (in thousands)
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Basis differences related to financial derivatives | $ | 7,614 |  |  | $ | 6,800 |
Basis differences related to hedged items | 1,810 |  |  | 5,661 |
Allowance for losses | 1,929 |  |  | 1,862 |
Compensation and Benefits | 967 |  |  | 778 |
Stock-based compensation | 623 |  |  | 532 |
Capital loss carryforwards and other-than-temporary impairment | 36 |  |  | 36 |
Valuation allowance | (36 | ) |  | (36 | )
Other | 121 |  |  | 74 |
Total deferred tax assets | 13,064 |  |  | 15,707 |
Deferred tax liability: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains on securities | 4,807 |  |  | 12,376 |
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges | 1,827 |  |  | 1,203 |
Other | 61 |  |  | 80 |
Total deferred tax liability | 6,695 |  |  | 13,659 |
Net deferred tax asset | $ | 6,369 |  |  | $ | 2,048 |
A valuation allowance is required to reduce a deferred tax asset to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Future realization of the tax benefit from a deferred tax asset depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character. After the evaluation of both positive and negative objective evidence regarding the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be realized, Farmer Mac established a valuation allowance of $36,000 as of both December 31, 2018 and 2017, which was attributable to capital loss carryforwards on investment securities. Farmer Mac did not establish a valuation allowance for the remainder of its deferred tax assets because it believes it is more likely than not that those deferred tax assets will be realized. In determining its deferred tax asset valuation allowance, Farmer Mac considered its taxable income of the appropriate character (for example, ordinary income or capital gain) within the carryback and carryforward periods available under the tax law and the impact of possible tax planning strategies. As of December 31, 2018, no capital loss carryforwards expired. As of December 31, 2018, the amount of capital loss carryforwards was $0.2 million. These capital loss carryforwards will expire in 2021.

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32639-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32537-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32687-109319 + Details
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