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Fair Value Disclosures - Quantitative Information (Details) - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] $ in Thousands | Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value | $ 6,003,211 | $ 5,508,576 | $ 4,891,803 | $ 6,115,339
USDA Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value | 9,999 | 13,515 | 20,388 | 1,917,319
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value | 5,974,497 | 5,471,914 | 4,853,685 | 4,152,605
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,888,344
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Institutional Credit [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value | 5,974,497 | 5,471,914 | 4,853,685 | 4,121,244
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | USDA Guarantees [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value |  |  | 0 | 31,361
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Fixed Interest Rate [Member] | Government/GSE Guaranteed Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value | 0 | 4,333 | 0 |
Trading Securities [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value | $ 9,999 | $ 13,515 | $ 20,388 | $ 28,975
Measurement Input, Range of Broker Quotes [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | Valuation, Market Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Investment securities, measurement input | 0.963 | 0.955 |  |
Measurement Input, Range of Broker Quotes [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | Valuation, Market Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Investment securities, measurement input | 0.963 | 0.955 |  |
Measurement Input, Range of Broker Quotes [Member] | Weighted Average [Member] | Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | Valuation, Market Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Investment securities, measurement input | 0.963 | 0.955 |  |
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Institutional Credit [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Investment securities, measurement input | 0.029 | 0.021 |  |
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Minimum [Member] | USDA Guarantees [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
USDA securities, measurement input | 0.033 | 0.036 |  |
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Institutional Credit [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Investment securities, measurement input | 0.040 | 0.034 |  |
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Maximum [Member] | USDA Guarantees [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
USDA securities, measurement input | 0.052 | 0.054 |  |
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Weighted Average [Member] | Institutional Credit [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Investment securities, measurement input | 0.031 | 0.024 |  |
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Weighted Average [Member] | USDA Guarantees [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
USDA securities, measurement input | 0.049 | 0.050 |  |
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Fixed Interest Rate [Member] | Government/GSE Guaranteed Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Investment securities, measurement input | 0.000 | 0.029 |  |
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Fixed Interest Rate [Member] | Government/GSE Guaranteed Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Investment securities, measurement input | 0.000 | 0.029 |  |
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Weighted Average [Member] | Fixed Interest Rate [Member] | Government/GSE Guaranteed Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Investment securities, measurement input | 0.000 | 0.029 |  |
Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate [Member] | Minimum [Member] | USDA Guarantees [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
USDA securities, measurement input | 0.06 | 0.07 |  |
Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate [Member] | Maximum [Member] | USDA Guarantees [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
USDA securities, measurement input | 0.16 | 0.19 |  |
Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate [Member] | Weighted Average [Member] | USDA Guarantees [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
USDA securities, measurement input | 0.15 | 0.17 |  |
Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Fixed Interest Rate [Member] | Government/GSE Guaranteed Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Investment securities, measurement input | 0.00 | 0.00 |  |

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