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Fair Value Disclosures - Quantitative Information (Details) - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] $ in Thousands | Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) | Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value | $ 6,470,023 | $ 6,003,211 | $ 5,874,075 | $ 5,508,576
USDA Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value | 9,487 | 9,999 | 11,558 | 13,515
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value | 6,441,624 | 5,974,497 | 5,839,387 | 5,471,914
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Institutional Credit [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value | 6,441,624 | 5,974,497 | 5,839,387 | 5,471,914
Trading Securities [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value | $ 9,487 | $ 9,999 | $ 11,558 | $ 13,515
Measurement Input, Range of Broker Quotes [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | Valuation, Market Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Investment securities, measurement input | 0.960 | 0.950 |  |
Measurement Input, Range of Broker Quotes [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | Valuation, Market Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Investment securities, measurement input | 0.960 | 0.950 |  |
Measurement Input, Range of Broker Quotes [Member] | Weighted Average [Member] | Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | Valuation, Market Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Investment securities, measurement input | 0.960 | 0.950 |  |
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Institutional Credit [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Investment securities, measurement input | 0.017 | 0.030 |  |
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Minimum [Member] | USDA Guarantees [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
USDA securities, measurement input | 0.031 | 0.032 |  |
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Institutional Credit [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Investment securities, measurement input | 0.042 | 0.044 |  |
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Maximum [Member] | USDA Guarantees [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
USDA securities, measurement input | 0.052 | 0.052 |  |
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Weighted Average [Member] | Institutional Credit [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Investment securities, measurement input | 0.031 | 0.033 |  |
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Weighted Average [Member] | USDA Guarantees [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
USDA securities, measurement input | 0.049 | 0.049 |  |
Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate [Member] | Minimum [Member] | USDA Guarantees [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
USDA securities, measurement input | 0.07 | 0.07 |  |
Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate [Member] | Maximum [Member] | USDA Guarantees [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
USDA securities, measurement input | 0.19 | 0.17 |  |
Measurement Input, Constant Prepayment Rate [Member] | Weighted Average [Member] | USDA Guarantees [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Valuation, Cost Approach [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items] |  |  |  |
USDA securities, measurement input | 0.17 | 0.16 |  |

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