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Investment Securities | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
INVESTMENT SECURITIES | INVESTMENT SECURITIES The following tables set forth information about Farmer Mac's investment securities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018: Table 4.1
| As of December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Amount Outstanding |  | Unamortized Premium/(Discount) |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Unrealized Gains |  |  | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
| (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans |  | $ | 19,700 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,700 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (788) |  |  | $ | 18,912 |
Floating rate asset-backed securities |  | 11,092 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,092 |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | 11,085 |
Floating rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities |  | 1,633,731 |  |  | 1,174 |  |  | 1,634,905 |  |  | 2,414 |  |  | (4,736) |  |  | 1,632,583 |
Fixed rate GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 315 |  |  | — |  |  | 315 |  |  | 25 |  |  | — |  |  | 340 |
Fixed rate U.S. Treasuries |  | 1,295,210 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 1,295,418 |  |  | 1,520 |  |  | (15) |  |  | 1,296,923 |
Total available-for-sale |  | 2,960,048 |  |  | 1,382 |  |  | 2,961,430 |  |  | 3,959 |  |  | (5,546) |  |  | 2,959,843 |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities(1) | 45,032 |  |  | — |  |  | 45,032 |  |  | 953 |  |  | — |  |  | 45,985 |
Total investment securities |  | $ | 3,005,080 |  |  | $ | 1,382 |  |  | $ | 3,006,462 |  |  | $ | 4,912 |  |  | $ | (5,546) |  |  | $ | 3,005,828 |
(1)The held-to-maturity investment securities had a weighted average yield of 3.3% as of December 31, 2019.
| As of December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Amount Outstanding |  | Unamortized Premium/(Discount) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
| (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | $ | 19,700 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,700 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (985) |  |  | $ | 18,715 |
Floating rate asset-backed securities | 28,940 |  |  | (136) |  |  | 28,804 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (128) |  |  | 28,678 |
Floating rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 1,379,472 |  |  | 1,528 |  |  | 1,381,000 |  |  | 721 |  |  | (4,267) |  |  | 1,377,454 |
Fixed rate GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 384 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 385 |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | 403 |
Fixed rate U.S. Treasuries | 797,913 |  |  | (4,882) |  |  | 793,031 |  |  | 119 |  |  | (548) |  |  | 792,602 |
Total available-for-sale | 2,226,409 |  |  | (3,489) |  |  | 2,222,920 |  |  | 860 |  |  | (5,928) |  |  | 2,217,852 |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities(1) | 45,032 |  |  | — |  |  | 45,032 |  |  | 562 |  |  | — |  |  | 45,594 |
Total investment securities | $ | 2,271,441 |  |  | $ | (3,489) |  |  | $ | 2,267,952 |  |  | $ | 1,422 |  |  | $ | (5,928) |  |  | $ | 2,263,446 |
(1)The held-to-maturity investment securities had a weighted average yield of 3.5% as of December 31, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2019, Farmer Mac received proceeds of $12.4 million from the sale of securities from its available-for-sale investment portfolio, resulting in gross realized losses of $0.2 million. Farmer Mac did not sell any securities from its available-for-sale investment portfolio during the year ended December 31, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2017, Farmer Mac received proceeds of $10.2 million from the sale of securities from its available-for-sale portfolio, resulting in gross realized gains of $0.1 million. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, unrealized losses on available-for-sale investment securities were as follows: Table 4.2
| As of December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Unrealized loss position for less than 12 months |  |  |  |  | Unrealized loss position for more than 12 months |  |  |
| Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |
| (dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,912 |  |  | $ | (788) |
Floating rate asset-backed securities |  | 2,583 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 8,502 |  |  | (6) |
Floating rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities |  | 841,993 |  |  | (2,244) |  |  | 436,621 |  |  | (2,492) |
Fixed rate U.S. Treasuries | 35,107 |  |  | (15) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 879,683 |  |  | $ | (2,260) |  |  | $ | 464,035 |  |  | $ | (3,286) |
Number of securities in loss position |  |  |  | 57 |  |  |  |  | 62 |
| As of December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |  |  |
| Unrealized loss position for less than 12 months |  |  |  | Unrealized loss position for more than 12 months |  |
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss
| (dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,715 |  |  | $ | (985) |
Floating rate asset-backed securities | 6,456 |  |  | (38) |  |  | 19,058 |  |  | (90) |
Floating rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 927,416 |  |  | (2,907) |  |  | 196,416 |  |  | (1,360) |
Fixed rate U.S. Treasuries | 499,581 |  |  | (336) |  |  | 81,597 |  |  | (212) |
Total | $ | 1,433,453 |  |  | $ | (3,281) |  |  | $ | 315,786 |  |  | $ | (2,647) |
Number of securities in loss position |  |  | 72 |  |  |  |  | 48 |
The unrealized losses presented above are principally due to a general widening of market spreads and changes in the levels of interest rates from the dates of acquisition to December 31, 2019 and 2018, as applicable. The resulting decrease in fair values reflects an increase in the perceived risk by the financial markets related to those securities. As of both December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, all of the investment securities in an unrealized loss position either were backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government or had credit ratings of at least "AA+." Securities in unrealized loss positions for 12 months or longer have a fair value as of December 31, 2019 that is, on average, approximately 99.3% of their amortized cost basis. Farmer Mac believes that all of these unrealized losses are recoverable within a reasonable period of time by way of maturity or changes in credit spreads. Accordingly, Farmer Mac has concluded that none of the unrealized losses on these available-for-sale investment securities are other-than-temporary impairment as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. Farmer Mac does not intend to sell these securities, and it is not "more likely than not" that Farmer Mac will be required to sell the securities before recovery of the amortized cost basis. The amortized cost, fair value, and weighted-average yield of available-for-sale investment securities by remaining contractual maturity as of December 31, 2019 are set forth below. Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities are included based on their final maturities, although the actual maturities may differ due to prepayments of the underlying assets. Table 4.3
| As of December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |
| Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Weighted- Average Yield
| (dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |
Due within one year | $ | 1,226,467 |  |  | $ | 1,227,930 |  |  | 1.57% |
Due after one year through five years | 271,300 |  |  | 270,938 |  |  | 2.19% |
Due after five years through ten years | 788,901 |  |  | 786,549 |  |  | 2.15% |
Due after ten years | 674,762 |  |  | 674,426 |  |  | 2.49% |
Total | $ | 2,961,430 |  |  | $ | 2,959,843 |  |  | 1.99% |
FARMER MAC GUARANTEED SECURITIES AND USDA SECURITIES The following tables set forth information about on-balance sheet Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018: Table 5.1
| As of December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Unamortized Premium/(Discount) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
| (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AgVantage | $ | 1,415,584 |  |  | $ | (174) |  |  | $ | 1,415,410 |  |  | $ | 15,300 |  |  | $ | (164) |  |  | $ | 1,430,546 |
Farmer Mac Guaranteed USDA Securities | 31,887 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 32,041 |  |  | 839 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,880 |
Total Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities | 1,447,471 |  |  | (20) |  |  | 1,447,451 |  |  | 16,139 |  |  | (164) |  |  | 1,463,426 |
USDA Securities | 2,190,671 |  |  | 41,489 |  |  | 2,232,160 |  |  | 54,356 |  |  | (758) |  |  | 2,285,758 |
Total held-to-maturity | $ | 3,638,142 |  |  | $ | 41,469 |  |  | $ | 3,679,611 |  |  | $ | 70,495 |  |  | $ | (922) |  |  | $ | 3,749,184 |
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AgVantage | $ | 7,017,095 |  |  | $ | (124) |  |  | $ | 7,016,971 |  |  | $ | 161,316 |  |  | $ | (35,262) |  |  | $ | 7,143,025 |
Trading: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
USDA Securities(1) | $ | 8,400 |  |  | $ | 479 |  |  | $ | 8,879 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | (27) |  |  | $ | 8,913 |
(1)The trading USDA securities had a weighted average yield of 5.20% as of December 31, 2019.
| As of December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Unamortized Premium/(Discount) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
| (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AgVantage | $ | 2,069,185 |  |  | $ | (194) |  |  | $ | 2,068,991 |  |  | $ | 2,637 |  |  | $ | (11,948) |  |  | $ | 2,059,680 |
Farmer Mac Guaranteed USDA Securities | 27,383 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 27,627 |  |  | 98 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,725 |
Total Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities | 2,096,568 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 2,096,618 |  |  | 2,735 |  |  | (11,948) |  |  | 2,087,405 |
USDA Securities | 2,110,963 |  |  | 55,211 |  |  | 2,166,174 |  |  | — |  |  | (62,227) |  |  | 2,103,947 |
Total held-to-maturity | $ | 4,207,531 |  |  | $ | 55,261 |  |  | $ | 4,262,792 |  |  | $ | 2,735 |  |  | $ | (74,175) |  |  | $ | 4,191,352 |
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AgVantage | $ | 6,003,733 |  |  | $ | (204) |  |  | $ | 6,003,529 |  |  | $ | 22,335 |  |  | $ | (51,367) |  |  | $ | 5,974,497 |
Trading: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
USDA Securities(1) | $ | 9,591 |  |  | $ | 701 |  |  | $ | 10,292 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | (313) |  |  | $ | 9,999 |
(1)The trading USDA securities had a weighted average yield of 5.21% as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, unrealized losses on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale on-balance sheet Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities were as follows: Table 5.2
| As of December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Held-to-Maturity and Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |  |  |
| Unrealized loss position for less than 12 months |  |  |  | Unrealized loss position for more than 12 months |  |
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss
| (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AgVantage | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 301,836 |  |  | $ | (164) |
USDA Securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,089 |  |  | (758) |
Total held-to-maturity | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 328,925 |  |  | $ | (922) |
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AgVantage | $ | 225,239 |  |  | $ | (2,203) |  |  | $ | 1,394,802 |  |  | $ | (33,059) |
| As of December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Held-to-Maturity and Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |  |  |
| Unrealized loss position for less than 12 months |  |  |  | Unrealized loss position for more than 12 months |  |
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss
| (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AgVantage | $ | 669,610 |  |  | $ | (1,760) |  |  | $ | 976,318 |  |  | $ | (10,188) |
USDA Securities | 38,203 |  |  | (696) |  |  | 2,065,743 |  |  | (61,531) |
Total held-to-maturity | $ | 707,813 |  |  | $ | (2,456) |  |  | $ | 3,042,061 |  |  | $ | (71,719) |
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AgVantage | $ | 1,480,423 |  |  | $ | (9,364) |  |  | $ | 1,599,679 |  |  | $ | (42,003) |
The unrealized losses presented above are principally due to changes in interest rates from the date of acquisition to December 31, 2019 and 2018, as applicable. The unrealized losses on the held-to-maturity USDA Securities as of both December 31, 2019 and 2018 reflect their increased cost basis resulting from their transfer to held-to-maturity as of October 1, 2016. The credit exposure related to Farmer Mac's USDA Guarantees line of business is covered by the full faith and credit guarantee of the United States. The unrealized losses from AgVantage securities were on 17 and 38 available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. There were 4 and 43 held-to-maturity AgVantage securities with an unrealized loss as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 13 and 21 available-for-sale AgVantage securities, respectively, had been in a loss position for more than 12 months. Farmer Mac has concluded that none of the unrealized losses on its held-to-maturity Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities and available-for-sale Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities are other-than-temporarily impaired as of either December 31, 2019 or 2018. Farmer Mac does not intend to sell these securities, and it is not "more likely than not" that Farmer Mac will be required to sell the securities before recovery of the amortized cost basis. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, Farmer Mac had no sales of Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities or USDA Securities and, therefore, Farmer Mac realized no gains or losses. The amortized cost, fair value, and weighted-average yield of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities by remaining contractual maturity as of December 31, 2019 are set forth below. The balances presented are based on their final maturities, although the actual maturities may differ due to prepayments of the underlying assets. Table 5.3
| As of December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |
| Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Weighted- Average Yield
| (dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |
Due within one year | $ | 781,341 |  |  | $ | 781,680 |  |  | 2.35 | %
Due after one year through five years | 3,455,526 |  |  | 3,512,820 |  |  | 2.93 | %
Due after five years through ten years | 1,240,670 |  |  | 1,271,208 |  |  | 2.92 | %
Due after ten years | 1,539,434 |  |  | 1,577,317 |  |  | 3.30 | %
Total | $ | 7,016,971 |  |  | $ | 7,143,025 |  |  | 2.94 | %
| As of December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |
| Held-to-Maturity Securities |  |  |  |
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Weighted- Average Yield
| (dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |
Due within one year | $ | 452,256 |  |  | $ | 452,712 |  |  | 2.51 | %
Due after one year through five years | 1,045,189 |  |  | 1,061,151 |  |  | 3.23 | %
Due after five years through ten years | 207,706 |  |  | 210,690 |  |  | 3.40 | %
Due after ten years | 1,974,460 |  |  | 2,024,631 |  |  | 3.56 | %
Total | $ | 3,679,611 |  |  | $ | 3,749,184 |  |  | 3.33 | %

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