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Loans - Schedule of Composition of Loan Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | Sep. 30, 2020 | Jun. 30, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Sep. 30, 2019 | Jun. 30, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Unpaid principal balance | $ 7,966,679 |  |  |  |  |
Total | 6,825,061 |  | $ 5,390,977 |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (15,821) |  | (10,454) |  |  |
Total loans, net of allowance | 8,105,647 |  | 6,981,440 |  |  |
Real Estate Loan |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Unpaid principal balance | 7,966,679 |  | 6,947,850 |  |  |
Unamortized premiums, discounts, fair value hedge basis adjustment, and other cost basis adjustments | 154,789 |  | 44,044 |  |  |
Total | 8,121,468 |  | 6,991,894 |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (15,821) |  | (10,454) |  |  |
Total loans, net of allowance | 8,105,647 |  | 6,981,440 |  |  |
Farm & Ranch |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Unpaid principal balance | 5,857,324 |  |  |  |  |
Total | 5,857,324 |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (5,739) | $ (6,039) | (10,454) | $ (8,024) | $ (7,264) | $ (7,017)
Farm & Ranch | Real Estate Loan |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Unpaid principal balance | 5,857,324 |  | 5,276,557 |  |  |
Rural Utilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Unpaid principal balance | 2,109,355 |  |  |  |  |
Total | 2,109,355 |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (10,082) | $ (8,900) | 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0
Rural Utilities | Real Estate Loan |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Unpaid principal balance | 2,109,355 |  | 1,671,293 |  |  |
Unsecuritized |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Unpaid principal balance | 6,690,272 |  | 5,346,933 |  |  |
Unamortized premiums, discounts, fair value hedge basis adjustment, and other cost basis adjustments | 154,789 |  | 44,044 |  |  |
Total | 6,845,061 |  | 5,390,977 |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (14,878) |  | (8,853) |  |  |
Total loans, net of allowance | 6,830,183 |  | 5,382,124 |  |  |
Unsecuritized | Farm & Ranch |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Unpaid principal balance | 4,580,917 |  | 3,675,640 |  |  |
Unsecuritized | Rural Utilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Unpaid principal balance | 2,109,355 |  | 1,671,293 |  |  |
In Consolidated Trusts |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Unpaid principal balance | 1,276,407 |  | 1,600,917 |  |  |
Unamortized premiums, discounts, fair value hedge basis adjustment, and other cost basis adjustments | 0 |  | 0 |  |  |
Total | 1,276,407 |  | 1,600,917 |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (943) |  | (1,601) |  |  |
Total loans, net of allowance | 1,275,464 |  | 1,599,316 |  |  |
In Consolidated Trusts | Farm & Ranch |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Unpaid principal balance | 1,276,407 |  | 1,600,917 |  |  |
In Consolidated Trusts | Rural Utilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Unpaid principal balance | $ 0 |  | $ 0 |  |  |

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