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Business Segment Reporting - Core Earnings (Details) $ in Thousands | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) segment | Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Number of Operating Segments | segment |  |  | 4 |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  | $ 173,135 | $ 190,588 | $ 173,135 | $ 174,436
Less: reconciling adjustments |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
Net Effective Spread |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
Guarantee and commitment fees |  | 13,666 | 12,549 | 13,666 | 13,976
Other income/(expense) |  | 7,276 | 3,754 |  | (2,236)
Non-interest income/(loss) |  | 20,942 | 16,303 |  | 11,740
Release of losses |  | (3,504) | (7,805) | (3,504) | (238)
(Provision)/release of reserve for losses |  | 3 | (250) | 3 | (97)
Noninterest Expense, Excluding Loan, Lease and Other Losses |  | (51,925) | (61,403) | (51,925) | (49,819)
Non-interest expense |  | (51,922) | (61,653) |  | (49,916)
Core earnings before income taxes |  | 138,651 | 137,433 |  | 136,022
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |  | (29,105) | (28,785) | (29,105) | (27,942)
Segment core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends |  | 109,546 | 108,648 |  | 108,080
Preferred stock dividends |  | (13,940) | (17,805) | (13,940) | (13,182)
Loss on retirement of preferred stock |  | (1,956) | (1,667) | (1,956) | 0
Segment core earnings |  | 93,650 | 89,176 |  | 94,898
Assets | $ 24,355,501 | 21,709,374 | 24,355,501 | 21,709,374 | 18,694,328
On and Off Balance Sheet Program Assets, At Principal Balance | 21,924,095 | 21,117,942 | 21,924,095 | 21,117,942 | 19,724,524
Corporate |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  | 11,069 | 7,201 |  | 9,105
Less: reconciling adjustments |  | (987) | 598 |  | (2,047)
Net Effective Spread |  | 10,082 | 7,799 |  | 7,058
Guarantee and commitment fees |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
Other income/(expense) |  | 166 | (536) |  | (913)
Non-interest income/(loss) |  | 166 | (536) |  | (913)
Release of losses |  | 0 | (27) |  | 0
(Provision)/release of reserve for losses |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
Noninterest Expense, Excluding Loan, Lease and Other Losses |  | (14,505) | (16,711) |  | (14,411)
Non-interest expense |  | (14,505) | (16,711) |  | (14,411)
Core earnings before income taxes |  | (4,257) | (9,475) |  | (8,266)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |  | 907 | 2,066 |  | 2,361
Segment core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends |  | (3,350) | (7,409) |  | (5,905)
Preferred stock dividends |  | (13,940) | (17,805) |  | (13,182)
Loss on retirement of preferred stock | 0 | 0 |  |  |
Segment core earnings |  | (17,290) | (25,214) |  | (19,087)
Assets | 5,001,865 | 3,664,823 | 5,001,865 | 3,664,823 | 2,716,994
On and Off Balance Sheet Program Assets, At Principal Balance | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
Reconciling Adjustments |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
Less: reconciling adjustments |  | 4,527 | (6,368) |  | 23,241
Net Effective Spread |  | 4,527 | (6,368) |  | 23,241
Guarantee and commitment fees |  | (7,669) | (6,601) |  | (6,756)
Other income/(expense) |  | 5,501 | 604 |  | (2,747)
Non-interest income/(loss) |  | (2,168) | (5,997) |  | (9,503)
Release of losses |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
(Provision)/release of reserve for losses |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
Noninterest Expense, Excluding Loan, Lease and Other Losses |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
Non-interest expense |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
Core earnings before income taxes |  | 2,359 | (12,365) |  | 13,738
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |  | (495) | 2,596 |  | (2,887)
Segment core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends |  | 1,864 | (9,769) |  | 10,851
Preferred stock dividends |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
Loss on retirement of preferred stock | (1,667) | (1,956) |  |  |
Segment core earnings |  | (92) | (11,436) |  | 10,851
Assets | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
On and Off Balance Sheet Program Assets, At Principal Balance | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
Farm & Ranch |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Release of losses |  |  | (2,959) | (3,504) | (238)
(Provision)/release of reserve for losses |  |  | (81) | 3 | (97)
Farm & Ranch | Operating Segments |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  | 65,098 | 73,901 |  | 62,951
Less: reconciling adjustments |  | (9,471) | (3,892) |  | (9,889)
Net Effective Spread |  | 55,627 | 70,009 |  | 53,062
Guarantee and commitment fees |  | 18,593 | 16,957 |  | 17,976
Other income/(expense) |  | 1,397 | 2,556 |  | 1,371
Non-interest income/(loss) |  | 19,990 | 19,513 |  | 19,347
Release of losses |  | (3,504) | (2,959) |  | (238)
(Provision)/release of reserve for losses |  | 3 | (81) |  | (97)
Noninterest Expense, Excluding Loan, Lease and Other Losses |  | (19,375) | (22,414) |  | (19,026)
Non-interest expense |  | (19,372) | (22,495) |  | (19,123)
Core earnings before income taxes |  | 52,741 | 64,068 |  | 53,048
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |  | (11,076) | (13,454) |  | (11,140)
Segment core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends |  | 41,665 | 50,614 |  | 41,908
Preferred stock dividends |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
Loss on retirement of preferred stock | 0 | 0 |  |  |
Segment core earnings |  | 41,665 | 50,614 |  | 41,908
Assets | 6,305,975 | 5,408,302 | 6,305,975 | 5,408,302 | 4,701,736
On and Off Balance Sheet Program Assets, At Principal Balance | 8,581,181 | 7,776,950 | 8,581,181 | 7,776,950 | 7,233,972
USDA Guarantees | Operating Segments |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  | 17,470 | 19,570 |  | 20,554
Less: reconciling adjustments |  | (732) | 2,395 |  | (2,499)
Net Effective Spread |  | 16,738 | 21,965 |  | 18,055
Guarantee and commitment fees |  | 958 | 850 |  | 797
Other income/(expense) |  | 174 | 1,098 |  | 20
Non-interest income/(loss) |  | 1,132 | 1,948 |  | 817
Release of losses |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
(Provision)/release of reserve for losses |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
Noninterest Expense, Excluding Loan, Lease and Other Losses |  | (5,757) | (7,270) |  | (5,309)
Non-interest expense |  | (5,757) | (7,270) |  | (5,309)
Core earnings before income taxes |  | 12,113 | 16,643 |  | 13,563
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |  | (2,545) | (3,495) |  | (2,848)
Segment core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends |  | 9,568 | 13,148 |  | 10,715
Preferred stock dividends |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
Loss on retirement of preferred stock | 0 | 0 |  |  |
Segment core earnings |  | 9,568 | 13,148 |  | 10,715
Assets | 2,553,176 | 2,311,932 | 2,553,176 | 2,311,932 | 2,240,906
On and Off Balance Sheet Program Assets, At Principal Balance | 2,786,718 | 2,620,175 | 2,786,718 | 2,620,175 | 2,515,620
Rural Utilities: |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Release of losses |  |  | (4,709) | 0 | 0
(Provision)/release of reserve for losses |  |  | (169) | 0 | 0
Rural Utilities: | Operating Segments |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  | 10,459 | 21,963 |  | 12,505
Less: reconciling adjustments |  | 6,143 | 2,734 |  | (922)
Net Effective Spread |  | 16,602 | 24,697 |  | 11,583
Guarantee and commitment fees |  | 1,412 | 1,314 |  | 1,599
Other income/(expense) |  | 38 | 32 |  | 33
Non-interest income/(loss) |  | 1,450 | 1,346 |  | 1,632
Release of losses |  | 0 | (4,709) |  | 0
(Provision)/release of reserve for losses |  | 0 | (169) |  | 0
Noninterest Expense, Excluding Loan, Lease and Other Losses |  | (3,898) | (6,224) |  | (3,062)
Non-interest expense |  | (3,898) | (6,393) |  | (3,062)
Core earnings before income taxes |  | 14,154 | 14,941 |  | 10,153
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |  | (2,972) | (3,137) |  | (2,133)
Segment core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends |  | 11,182 | 11,804 |  | 8,020
Preferred stock dividends |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
Loss on retirement of preferred stock | 0 | 0 |  |  |
Segment core earnings |  | 11,182 | 11,804 |  | 8,020
Assets | 2,365,996 | 1,717,405 | 2,365,996 | 1,717,405 | 945,282
On and Off Balance Sheet Program Assets, At Principal Balance | 2,816,837 | 2,280,571 | 2,816,837 | 2,280,571 | 1,592,115
Institutional Credit | Operating Segments |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  | 69,039 | 67,953 |  | 69,321
Less: reconciling adjustments |  | 520 | 4,533 |  | (7,884)
Net Effective Spread |  | 69,559 | 72,486 |  | 61,437
Guarantee and commitment fees |  | 372 | 29 |  | 360
Other income/(expense) |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
Non-interest income/(loss) |  | 372 | 29 |  | 360
Release of losses |  | 0 | (110) |  | 0
(Provision)/release of reserve for losses |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
Noninterest Expense, Excluding Loan, Lease and Other Losses |  | (8,390) | (8,784) |  | (8,011)
Non-interest expense |  | (8,390) | (8,784) |  | (8,011)
Core earnings before income taxes |  | 61,541 | 63,621 |  | 53,786
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |  | (12,924) | (13,361) |  | (11,295)
Segment core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends |  | 48,617 | 50,260 |  | 42,491
Preferred stock dividends |  | 0 | 0 |  | 0
Loss on retirement of preferred stock | 0 | 0 |  |  |
Segment core earnings |  | 48,617 | 50,260 |  | 42,491
Assets | 8,128,489 | 8,606,912 | 8,128,489 | 8,606,912 | 8,089,410
On and Off Balance Sheet Program Assets, At Principal Balance | $ 7,739,359 | $ 8,440,246 | $ 7,739,359 | $ 8,440,246 | $ 8,382,817

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