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BUSINESS SEGMENT REPORTING (Details) $ in Thousands | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) segment | Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |  |  |
Number of operating segments | segment | 7 |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |
Net interest income | $ 327,547 | $ 270,940 | $ 221,951
Guarantee and commitment fees | 16,712 | 13,040 | 12,669
Gains on sale of mortgage loans | 0 | 0 | 6,539
Other income/(expense) | 7,077 | 25,131 | 2,531
Total revenues | 351,336 | 309,111 | 243,690
Release of/(provision for) losses | (858) | (1,323) | 860
(Provision for)/release of reserve for losses | (278) | 517 | 1,327
Operating expenses | (97,099) | (82,626) | (73,416)
Total non-interest expense | (97,377) | (82,109) | (72,089)
Core earnings before income taxes | 253,101 | 225,679 | 172,461
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (53,098) | (47,535) | (36,372)
Core earnings before preferred stock dividends | 200,003 | 178,144 | 136,089
Preferred stock dividends | (27,165) | (27,165) | (24,677)
Segment core earnings/(losses) | 172,838 | 150,979 | 111,412
Total Assets | 29,524,382 | 27,333,110 | 25,121,009
Total on- and off-balance sheet program assets at principal balance | 28,471,024 | 25,922,082 | 23,614,463
Reconciling Adjustments |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |
Net interest income | 0 | 0 | 0
Less: reconciling adjustments | 567 | 15,411 | 1,283
Net effective spread | 567 | 15,411 | 1,283
Guarantee and commitment fees | (2,216) | (5,104) | (4,864)
Gains on sale of mortgage loans |  |  | 0
Other income/(expense) | 3,778 | 23,447 | 851
Total revenues | 2,129 | 33,754 | (2,730)
Release of/(provision for) losses | 0 | 0 | 0
(Provision for)/release of reserve for losses | 0 | 0 | 0
Operating expenses | 0 | 0 | 0
Total non-interest expense | 0 | 0 | 0
Core earnings before income taxes | 2,129 | 33,754 | (2,730)
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (447) | (7,089) | 572
Core earnings before preferred stock dividends | 1,682 | 26,665 | (2,158)
Preferred stock dividends | 0 | 0 | 0
Segment core earnings/(losses) | 1,682 | 26,665 | (2,158)
Total Assets | 0 | 0 | 0
Total on- and off-balance sheet program assets at principal balance | $ 0 | 0 | 0
Agricultural Finance |  |  |
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |  |  |
Number of operating segments | segment | 2 |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |
Release of/(provision for) losses | $ (100) | (3,400) | 1,400
(Provision for)/release of reserve for losses | (652) | 249 | 1,029
Farm & Ranch | Operating Segments |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |
Net interest income | 137,079 | 133,218 | 118,289
Less: reconciling adjustments | (4,179) | (4,161) | (4,753)
Net effective spread | 132,900 | 129,057 | 113,536
Guarantee and commitment fees | 17,415 | 16,718 | 16,178
Gains on sale of mortgage loans |  |  | 6,539
Other income/(expense) | 2,952 | 1,420 | 1,966
Total revenues | 153,267 | 147,195 | 138,219
Release of/(provision for) losses | 145 | (1,463) | 1,574
(Provision for)/release of reserve for losses | (652) | 247 | 1,034
Operating expenses | 0 | (819) | 0
Total non-interest expense | (652) | (572) | 1,034
Core earnings before income taxes | 152,760 | 145,160 | 140,827
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (32,079) | (30,482) | (29,574)
Core earnings before preferred stock dividends | 120,681 | 114,678 | 111,253
Preferred stock dividends | 0 | 0 | 0
Segment core earnings/(losses) | 120,681 | 114,678 | 111,253
Total Assets | 15,052,606 | 14,623,596 | 13,112,193
Total on- and off-balance sheet program assets at principal balance | 18,808,801 | 17,728,792 | 16,094,640
Corporate AgFinance | Operating Segments |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |
Net interest income | 31,224 | 29,209 | 27,081
Less: reconciling adjustments | 0 | 0 | 0
Net effective spread | 31,224 | 29,209 | 27,081
Guarantee and commitment fees | 283 | 139 | 48
Gains on sale of mortgage loans |  |  | 0
Other income/(expense) | 35 | 261 | 0
Total revenues | 31,542 | 29,609 | 27,129
Release of/(provision for) losses | (207) | (2,136) | (210)
(Provision for)/release of reserve for losses | 0 | 0 | 0
Operating expenses | 0 | 0 | 0
Total non-interest expense | 0 | 0 | 0
Core earnings before income taxes | 31,335 | 27,473 | 26,919
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (6,581) | (5,768) | (5,653)
Core earnings before preferred stock dividends | 24,754 | 21,705 | 21,266
Preferred stock dividends | 0 | 0 | 0
Segment core earnings/(losses) | 24,754 | 21,705 | 21,266
Total Assets | 1,566,906 | 1,541,151 | 1,507,848
Total on- and off-balance sheet program assets at principal balance | 1,693,979 | 1,603,507 | 1,537,834
Rural Infrastructure Finance |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |
Release of/(provision for) losses | (800) | 2,300 | (500)
(Provision for)/release of reserve for losses | 374 | 268 | 298
Rural Utilities | Operating Segments |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |
Net interest income | 25,187 | 16,175 | 8,224
Less: reconciling adjustments | (168) | (103) | (157)
Net effective spread | 25,019 | 16,072 | 8,067
Guarantee and commitment fees | 1,133 | 1,238 | 1,287
Gains on sale of mortgage loans |  |  | 0
Other income/(expense) | 0 | 0 | 5
Total revenues | 26,152 | 17,310 | 9,359
Release of/(provision for) losses | (581) | 2,751 | (291)
(Provision for)/release of reserve for losses | 374 | 270 | 293
Operating expenses | 0 | 0 | 0
Total non-interest expense | 374 | 270 | 293
Core earnings before income taxes | 25,945 | 20,331 | 9,361
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (5,449) | (4,268) | (1,965)
Core earnings before preferred stock dividends | 20,496 | 16,063 | 7,396
Preferred stock dividends | 0 | 0 | 0
Segment core earnings/(losses) | 20,496 | 16,063 | 7,396
Total Assets | 7,002,620 | 5,867,517 | 5,344,707
Total on- and off-balance sheet program assets at principal balance | 7,480,723 | 6,359,613 | 5,895,226
Renewable Energy | Operating Segments |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |
Net interest income | 4,648 | 2,483 | 1,219
Less: reconciling adjustments | 0 | 0 | 0
Net effective spread | 4,648 | 2,483 | 1,219
Guarantee and commitment fees | 97 | 49 | 20
Gains on sale of mortgage loans |  |  | 0
Other income/(expense) | 0 | 0 | 0
Total revenues | 4,745 | 2,532 | 1,239
Release of/(provision for) losses | (219) | (494) | (198)
(Provision for)/release of reserve for losses | 0 | 0 | 0
Operating expenses | 0 | 0 | 0
Total non-interest expense | 0 | 0 | 0
Core earnings before income taxes | 4,526 | 2,038 | 1,041
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (951) | (428) | (219)
Core earnings before preferred stock dividends | 3,575 | 1,610 | 822
Preferred stock dividends | 0 | 0 | 0
Segment core earnings/(losses) | 3,575 | 1,610 | 822
Total Assets | 443,772 | 219,609 | 87,553
Total on- and off-balance sheet program assets at principal balance | 487,521 | 230,170 | 86,763
Funding | Operating Segments |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |
Net interest income | 128,415 | 96,613 | 66,581
Less: reconciling adjustments | 3,594 | (11,147) | 3,627
Net effective spread | 132,009 | 85,466 | 70,208
Guarantee and commitment fees | 0 | 0 | 0
Gains on sale of mortgage loans |  |  | 0
Other income/(expense) | 3 | 0 | 0
Total revenues | 132,012 | 85,466 | 70,208
Release of/(provision for) losses | 0 | 0 | 0
(Provision for)/release of reserve for losses | 0 | 0 | 0
Operating expenses | 0 | 0 | 0
Total non-interest expense | 0 | 0 | 0
Core earnings before income taxes | 132,012 | 85,466 | 70,208
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (27,721) | (17,949) | (14,744)
Core earnings before preferred stock dividends | 104,291 | 67,517 | 55,464
Preferred stock dividends | 0 | 0 | 0
Segment core earnings/(losses) | 104,291 | 67,517 | 55,464
Total Assets | 0 | 0 | 0
Total on- and off-balance sheet program assets at principal balance | 0 | 0 | 0
Investments | Operating Segments |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |
Net interest income | 994 | (6,758) | 557
Less: reconciling adjustments | 186 | 0 | 0
Net effective spread | 1,180 | (6,758) | 557
Guarantee and commitment fees | 0 | 0 | 0
Gains on sale of mortgage loans |  |  | 0
Other income/(expense) | 29 | 0 | 0
Total revenues | 1,209 | (6,758) | 557
Release of/(provision for) losses | 4 | 19 | (15)
(Provision for)/release of reserve for losses | 0 | 0 | 0
Operating expenses | 0 | 0 | 0
Total non-interest expense | 0 | 0 | 0
Core earnings before income taxes | 1,213 | (6,739) | 542
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (255) | 1,416 | (114)
Core earnings before preferred stock dividends | 958 | (5,323) | 428
Preferred stock dividends | 0 | 0 | 0
Segment core earnings/(losses) | 958 | (5,323) | 428
Total Assets | 5,342,089 | 4,806,010 | 5,012,827
Total on- and off-balance sheet program assets at principal balance | 0 | 0 | 0
Corporate | Operating Segments |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract] |  |  |
Net interest income | 0 | 0 | 0
Less: reconciling adjustments | 0 | 0 | 0
Net effective spread | 0 | 0 | 0
Guarantee and commitment fees | 0 | 0 | 0
Gains on sale of mortgage loans |  |  | 0
Other income/(expense) | 280 | 3 | (291)
Total revenues | 280 | 3 | (291)
Release of/(provision for) losses | 0 | 0 | 0
(Provision for)/release of reserve for losses | 0 | 0 | 0
Operating expenses | (97,099) | (81,807) | (73,416)
Total non-interest expense | (97,099) | (81,807) | (73,416)
Core earnings before income taxes | (96,819) | (81,804) | (73,707)
Income tax (expense)/benefit | 20,385 | 17,033 | 15,325
Core earnings before preferred stock dividends | (76,434) | (64,771) | (58,382)
Preferred stock dividends | (27,165) | (27,165) | (24,677)
Segment core earnings/(losses) | (103,599) | (91,936) | (83,059)
Total Assets | 116,389 | 275,227 | 55,881
Total on- and off-balance sheet program assets at principal balance | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0

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