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LOANS - Schedule of Composition of Loan Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | $ 11,360,197 | $ 10,549,845 |  |
Allowance for losses | (16,031) | (15,089) |  |
Total loans, net of allowance | 11,039,349 | 10,205,466 |  |
Real Estate Loan |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 11,360,197 | 10,549,845 |  |
Unamortized premiums, discounts, fair value hedge basis adjustment, and other cost basis adjustments | (304,817) | (329,290) |  |
Total loans | 11,055,380 | 10,220,555 |  |
Allowance for losses | (16,031) | (15,089) |  |
Total loans, net of allowance | 11,039,349 | 10,205,466 |  |
Agricultural Finance |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 7,825,434 | 7,528,579 |  |
Agricultural Finance | Real Estate Loan |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 7,825,434 | 7,528,579 |  |
Allowance for losses | (6,884) | (6,775) | $ (3,442) | $ (3,745)
Farm & Ranch |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 6,565,711 | 6,362,326 |  |
Farm & Ranch | Real Estate Loan |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 6,565,711 | 6,362,326 |  |
Allowance for losses | (3,936) | (4,044) | (2,882) | (3,404)
Corporate AgFinance |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 1,259,723 | 1,166,253 |  |
Corporate AgFinance | Real Estate Loan |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 1,259,723 | 1,166,253 |  |
Allowance for losses | (2,948) | (2,731) | (560) | (341)
Rural Infrastructure Finance |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 3,534,763 | 3,021,266 |  |
Rural Infrastructure Finance | Real Estate Loan |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 3,534,763 | 3,021,266 |  |
Allowance for losses | (9,147) | (8,314) | $ (10,599) | $ (10,087)
Unsecuritized |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 9,927,936 | 9,338,269 |  |
Unamortized premiums, discounts, fair value hedge basis adjustment, and other cost basis adjustments | (304,817) | (329,290) |  |
Total loans | 9,623,119 | 9,008,979 |  |
Allowance for losses | (15,588) | (14,629) |  |
Total loans, net of allowance | 9,607,531 | 8,994,350 |  |
Unsecuritized | Agricultural Finance |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 6,393,173 | 6,317,003 |  |
Unsecuritized | Farm & Ranch |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 5,133,450 | 5,150,750 |  |
Unsecuritized | Corporate AgFinance |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 1,259,723 | 1,166,253 |  |
Unsecuritized | Rural Infrastructure Finance |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 3,534,763 | 3,021,266 |  |
In Consolidated Trusts |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 1,432,261 | 1,211,576 |  |
Unamortized premiums, discounts, fair value hedge basis adjustment, and other cost basis adjustments | 0 | 0 |  |
Total loans | 1,432,261 | 1,211,576 |  |
Allowance for losses | (443) | (460) |  |
Total loans, net of allowance | 1,431,818 | 1,211,116 |  |
In Consolidated Trusts | Agricultural Finance |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 1,432,261 | 1,211,576 |  |
In Consolidated Trusts | Farm & Ranch |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 1,432,261 | 1,211,576 |  |
In Consolidated Trusts | Corporate AgFinance |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | 0 | 0 |  |
In Consolidated Trusts | Rural Infrastructure Finance |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Total loans | $ 0 | $ 0 |  |

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