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LOANS - Schedule of Composition of Loan Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | Sep. 30, 2024 | Jun. 30, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Sep. 30, 2023 | Jun. 30, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | $ 12,652,618 |  | $ 11,360,197 |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (19,951) |  | (16,031) |  |  |
Total loans, net of allowance | 12,367,333 |  | 11,039,349 |  |  |
Real Estate Loan |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 12,652,618 |  | 11,360,197 |  |  |
Unamortized premiums, discounts, fair value hedge basis adjustment, and other cost basis adjustments | (265,334) |  | (304,817) |  |  |
Total loans | 12,387,284 |  | 11,055,380 |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (19,951) |  | (16,031) |  |  |
Total loans, net of allowance | 12,367,333 |  | 11,039,349 |  |  |
Agricultural Finance |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 8,269,263 |  | 7,825,434 |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (10,601) | $ (8,690) | (6,884) | $ (7,588) | $ (11,302) | $ (6,775)
Agricultural Finance | Real Estate Loan |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 8,269,263 |  | 7,825,434 |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (10,601) |  | (6,884) |  |  |
Farm & Ranch |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 6,971,700 |  | 6,565,711 |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (4,832) | (4,676) | (3,936) | (3,910) | (3,935) | (4,044)
Farm & Ranch | Real Estate Loan |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 6,971,700 |  | 6,565,711 |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (4,832) |  | (3,936) |  |  |
Corporate AgFinance |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 1,297,563 |  | 1,259,723 |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (5,769) | (4,014) | (2,948) | (3,678) | (7,367) | (2,731)
Corporate AgFinance | Real Estate Loan |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 1,297,563 |  | 1,259,723 |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (5,769) |  | (2,948) |  |  |
Rural Infrastructure Finance |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 4,383,355 |  | 3,534,763 |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (9,350) | $ (7,810) | (9,147) | $ (9,026) | $ (5,446) | $ (8,314)
Rural Infrastructure Finance | Real Estate Loan |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 4,383,355 |  | 3,534,763 |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (9,350) |  | (9,147) |  |  |
Unsecuritized |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 10,934,178 |  | 9,927,936 |  |  |
Unamortized premiums, discounts, fair value hedge basis adjustment, and other cost basis adjustments | (265,334) |  | (304,817) |  |  |
Total loans | 10,668,844 |  | 9,623,119 |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (19,314) |  | (15,588) |  |  |
Total loans, net of allowance | 10,649,530 |  | 9,607,531 |  |  |
Unsecuritized | Agricultural Finance |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 6,550,823 |  | 6,393,173 |  |  |
Unsecuritized | Farm & Ranch |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 5,253,260 |  | 5,133,450 |  |  |
Unsecuritized | Corporate AgFinance |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 1,297,563 |  | 1,259,723 |  |  |
Unsecuritized | Rural Infrastructure Finance |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 4,383,355 |  | 3,534,763 |  |  |
In Consolidated Trusts |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 1,718,440 |  | 1,432,261 |  |  |
Unamortized premiums, discounts, fair value hedge basis adjustment, and other cost basis adjustments | 0 |  | 0 |  |  |
Total loans | 1,718,440 |  | 1,432,261 |  |  |
Allowance for losses | (637) |  | (443) |  |  |
Total loans, net of allowance | 1,717,803 |  | 1,431,818 |  |  |
In Consolidated Trusts | Agricultural Finance |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 1,718,440 |  | 1,432,261 |  |  |
In Consolidated Trusts | Farm & Ranch |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 1,718,440 |  | 1,432,261 |  |  |
In Consolidated Trusts | Corporate AgFinance |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | 0 |  | 0 |  |  |
In Consolidated Trusts | Rural Infrastructure Finance |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unpaid principal balance | $ 0 |  | $ 0 |  |  |

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