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BUSINESS SEGMENT REPORTING - Schedule of Segment Reporting Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |
Interest income | $ 1,603,516 | $ 1,392,288 | $ 716,848
Interest expense | (1,249,649) | (1,064,741) | (445,908)
Less: reconciling adjustments | (14,303) | (567) | (15,411)
Net effective spread | 339,564 | 326,980 | 255,529
Guarantee and commitment fees | 20,321 | 18,928 | 18,144
Other income/(expense) | 2,188 | 3,019 | 1,681
(Provision for)/release of losses | (11,490) | (1,136) | (806)
Operating expenses | (59,404) | (52,417) | (44,606)
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (61,148) | (62,029) | (48,288)
Segment core earnings | 230,031 | 233,345 | 181,654
Reconciliation to net income: |  |  |
Net effects of derivatives and trading securities | 13,141 | 1,954 | 33,715
Unallocated (expenses)/income | (46,217) | (44,227) | (37,978)
Income tax effect related to reconciling items | 10,238 | 8,931 | 753
Net income | 207,193 | 200,003 | 178,144
Total on- and off-balance sheet segment assets at principal balance | 29,523,030 | 28,471,024 | 25,922,082
Off-balance sheet assets under management | (4,981,285) | (4,710,199) | (3,945,557)
Unallocated assets | 6,782,997 | 5,763,557 | 5,356,585
Total Assets | 31,324,742 | 29,524,382 | 27,333,110
Operating Segments | Farm & Ranch |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |
Interest income | 615,016 | 559,730 | 421,139
Interest expense | (475,248) | (422,651) | (287,921)
Net effective spread | 135,310 | 132,900 | 129,057
Guarantee and commitment fees | 17,695 | 17,415 | 16,718
Other income/(expense) | 3,167 | 2,952 | 1,420
(Provision for)/release of losses | (1,147) | (507) | (1,216)
Operating expenses | (24,741) | (23,306) | (23,332)
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (27,360) | (27,183) | (25,756)
Segment core earnings | 102,924 | 102,271 | 96,891
Reconciliation to net income: |  |  |
Total on- and off-balance sheet segment assets at principal balance | 18,606,968 | 18,808,801 | 17,728,792
Operating Segments | Corporate AgFinance |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |
Interest income | 100,820 | 92,335 | 55,311
Interest expense | (70,695) | (61,111) | (26,102)
Net effective spread | 30,125 | 31,224 | 29,209
Guarantee and commitment fees | 571 | 283 | 139
Other income/(expense) | (2,055) | 35 | 261
(Provision for)/release of losses | (6,850) | (207) | (2,136)
Operating expenses | (7,905) | (5,540) | (5,629)
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (2,916) | (5,418) | (4,587)
Segment core earnings | 10,970 | 20,377 | 17,257
Reconciliation to net income: |  |  |
Total on- and off-balance sheet segment assets at principal balance | 1,887,705 | 1,693,979 | 1,603,507
Operating Segments | Power & Utilities |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |
Interest income | 260,636 | 232,106 | 152,990
Interest expense | (240,600) | (215,763) | (141,176)
Net effective spread | 19,987 | 16,175 | 11,711
Guarantee and commitment fees | 966 | 1,090 | 1,187
Other income/(expense) | 0 | 0 | 0
(Provision for)/release of losses | 274 | 4,117 | 3,726
Operating expenses | (4,281) | (3,553) | (3,198)
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (3,559) | (3,746) | (2,819)
Segment core earnings | 13,387 | 14,083 | 10,607
Reconciliation to net income: |  |  |
Total on- and off-balance sheet segment assets at principal balance | 6,809,366 | 6,979,570 | 6,042,996
Operating Segments | Broadband Infrastructure |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |
Interest income | 38,225 | 30,299 | 8,832
Interest expense | (27,282) | (21,455) | (4,471)
Net effective spread | 10,943 | 8,844 | 4,361
Guarantee and commitment fees | 464 | 43 | 51
Other income/(expense) | 0 | 0 | 0
(Provision for)/release of losses | 1,469 | (4,324) | (705)
Operating expenses | (3,666) | (2,415) | (2,009)
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (1,934) | (453) | (357)
Segment core earnings | 7,276 | 1,695 | 1,341
Reconciliation to net income: |  |  |
Total on- and off-balance sheet segment assets at principal balance | 802,466 | 501,153 | 316,617
Operating Segments | Renewable Energy |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |
Interest income | 54,188 | 18,923 | 5,811
Interest expense | (40,471) | (14,275) | (3,328)
Net effective spread | 13,717 | 4,648 | 2,483
Guarantee and commitment fees | 625 | 97 | 49
Other income/(expense) | 0 | 0 | 0
(Provision for)/release of losses | (5,236) | (219) | (494)
Operating expenses | (4,848) | (3,382) | (1,690)
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (894) | (238) | (73)
Segment core earnings | 3,364 | 906 | 275
Reconciliation to net income: |  |  |
Total on- and off-balance sheet segment assets at principal balance | 1,416,525 | 487,521 | 230,170
Operating Segments | Funding |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |
Interest income | 224,390 | 200,264 | (8,334)
Interest expense | (89,698) | (71,849) | 104,947
Net effective spread | 124,896 | 132,009 | 85,466
Guarantee and commitment fees | 0 | 0 | 0
Other income/(expense) | 0 | 3 | 0
(Provision for)/release of losses | 0 | 0 | 0
Operating expenses | (10,855) | (11,037) | (6,798)
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (23,949) | (25,405) | (16,521)
Segment core earnings | 90,092 | 95,570 | 62,147
Reconciliation to net income: |  |  |
Total on- and off-balance sheet segment assets at principal balance | 0 | 0 | 0
Operating Segments | Investments |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |
Interest income | 310,241 | 258,631 | 81,099
Interest expense | (305,655) | (257,637) | (87,857)
Net effective spread | 4,586 | 1,180 | (6,758)
Guarantee and commitment fees | 0 | 0 | 0
Other income/(expense) | 1,076 | 29 | 0
(Provision for)/release of losses | 0 | 4 | 19
Operating expenses | (3,108) | (3,184) | (1,950)
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (536) | 414 | 1,825
Segment core earnings | 2,018 | (1,557) | (6,864)
Reconciliation to net income: |  |  |
Total on- and off-balance sheet segment assets at principal balance | 0 | 0 | 0
Reconciling Adjustments | Farm & Ranch |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |
Less: reconciling adjustments | (4,458) | (4,179) | (4,161)
Reconciling Adjustments | Corporate AgFinance |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |
Less: reconciling adjustments | 0 | 0 | 0
Reconciling Adjustments | Power & Utilities |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |
Less: reconciling adjustments | (49) | (168) | (103)
Reconciling Adjustments | Broadband Infrastructure |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |
Less: reconciling adjustments | 0 | 0 | 0
Reconciling Adjustments | Renewable Energy |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |
Less: reconciling adjustments | 0 | 0 | 0
Reconciling Adjustments | Funding |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |
Less: reconciling adjustments | (9,796) | 3,594 | (11,147)
Reconciling Adjustments | Investments |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |
Less: reconciling adjustments | $ 0 | $ 186 | $ 0

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