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BUSINESS SEGMENT REPORTING - Schedule of Segment Reporting Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Jun. 30, 2025 | Mar. 31, 2025 | Jun. 30, 2024 | Mar. 31, 2024 | Jun. 30, 2025 | Jun. 30, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | $ 399,022 |  | $ 403,706 |  | $ 780,436 | $ 800,023 |
Interest expense | (302,225) |  | (316,366) |  | (592,700) | (626,315) |
Less: reconciling adjustments | (2,904) |  | (3,744) |  | (3,853) | (7,068) |
Net effective spread | 93,893 |  | 83,596 |  | 183,883 | 166,640 |
Guarantee and commitment fees | 5,874 |  | 5,256 |  | 11,362 | 10,238 |
Other income/(expense) | 680 |  | 424 |  | 1,924 | 1,435 |
(Provision for)/release of losses | (7,812) |  | (6,230) |  | (9,395) | (4,360) |
Operating expenses | (17,279) |  | (13,838) |  | (33,513) | (28,136) |
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (15,825) |  | (14,536) |  | (32,394) | (30,624) |
Segment core earnings | 59,531 |  | 54,672 |  | 121,867 | 115,193 |
Reconciliation to net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net effects of derivatives and trading securities | 2,260 |  | 653 |  | (275) | 5,132 |
Unallocated (expenses)/income | (12,185) |  | (10,643) |  | (25,430) | (23,485) |
Income tax effect related to reconciling items | 5,231 |  | 2,423 |  | 8,326 | 4,011 |
Net income | 54,837 | $ 49,651 | 47,105 | $ 53,746 | 104,488 | 100,851 |
Total on- and off-balance sheet segment assets at principal balance | 30,587,259 |  | 28,758,339 |  | 30,587,259 | 28,758,339 |
Off-balance sheet assets under management | (5,257,348) |  | (4,569,607) |  | (5,257,348) | (4,569,607) |
Unallocated assets | 7,665,998 |  | 6,005,582 |  | 7,665,998 | 6,005,582 |
Total Assets | 32,995,909 |  | 30,194,314 |  | 32,995,909 | 30,194,314 | $ 31,324,742
Operating Segments | Farm & Ranch |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 152,218 |  | 157,317 |  | 301,899 | 309,521 |
Interest expense | (115,524) |  | (121,795) |  | (230,313) | (240,110) |
Net effective spread | 35,710 |  | 34,156 |  | 69,595 | 66,999 |
Guarantee and commitment fees | 4,551 |  | 4,612 |  | 9,102 | 9,096 |
Other income/(expense) | 313 |  | 517 |  | 1,535 | 1,512 |
(Provision for)/release of losses | (4,494) |  | (247) |  | (4,301) | (744) |
Operating expenses | (7,020) |  | (5,866) |  | (13,615) | (11,995) |
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (6,101) |  | (6,967) |  | (13,083) | (13,623) |
Segment core earnings | 22,959 |  | 26,205 |  | 49,233 | 51,245 |
Reconciliation to net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total on- and off-balance sheet segment assets at principal balance | 18,217,905 |  | 18,504,501 |  | 18,217,905 | 18,504,501 |
Operating Segments | Corporate AgFinance |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 25,484 |  | 26,036 |  | 50,606 | 50,924 |
Interest expense | (16,875) |  | (18,170) |  | (33,357) | (35,087) |
Net effective spread | 8,609 |  | 7,866 |  | 17,249 | 15,837 |
Guarantee and commitment fees | 224 |  | 127 |  | 421 | 214 |
Other income/(expense) | 345 |  | (1,152) |  | 345 | (1,140) |
(Provision for)/release of losses | (614) |  | (5,354) |  | (1,442) | (4,976) |
Operating expenses | (2,378) |  | (1,905) |  | (4,511) | (3,755) |
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (1,300) |  | 88 |  | (2,535) | (1,298) |
Segment core earnings | 4,886 |  | (330) |  | 9,527 | 4,882 |
Reconciliation to net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total on- and off-balance sheet segment assets at principal balance | 1,953,523 |  | 1,816,893 |  | 1,953,523 | 1,816,893 |
Operating Segments | Power & Utilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 67,447 |  | 67,375 |  | 132,442 | 133,681 |
Interest expense | (61,786) |  | (62,096) |  | (121,424) | (123,479) |
Net effective spread | 5,636 |  | 5,253 |  | 10,965 | 10,142 |
Guarantee and commitment fees | 215 |  | 245 |  | 436 | 501 |
Other income/(expense) | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 | 0 |
(Provision for)/release of losses | (73) |  | 116 |  | (150) | 290 |
Operating expenses | (1,156) |  | (1,016) |  | (2,279) | (2,147) |
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (970) |  | (966) |  | (1,883) | (1,846) |
Segment core earnings | 3,652 |  | 3,632 |  | 7,089 | 6,940 |
Reconciliation to net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total on- and off-balance sheet segment assets at principal balance | 7,300,354 |  | 7,008,275 |  | 7,300,354 | 7,008,275 |
Operating Segments | Broadband Infrastructure |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 12,159 |  | 8,728 |  | 22,992 | 17,423 |
Interest expense | (8,227) |  | (6,335) |  | (15,494) | (12,688) |
Net effective spread | 3,932 |  | 2,393 |  | 7,498 | 4,735 |
Guarantee and commitment fees | 564 |  | 56 |  | 900 | 149 |
Other income/(expense) | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 | 0 |
(Provision for)/release of losses | (666) |  | 371 |  | (437) | 3,207 |
Operating expenses | (1,274) |  | (893) |  | (2,326) | (1,720) |
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (537) |  | (405) |  | (1,184) | (1,338) |
Segment core earnings | 2,019 |  | 1,522 |  | 4,451 | 5,033 |
Reconciliation to net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total on- and off-balance sheet segment assets at principal balance | 1,174,441 |  | 553,198 |  | 1,174,441 | 553,198 |
Operating Segments | Renewable Energy |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 23,494 |  | 11,600 |  | 43,809 | 19,749 |
Interest expense | (17,267) |  | (8,601) |  | (32,470) | (14,701) |
Net effective spread | 6,227 |  | 2,999 |  | 11,339 | 5,048 |
Guarantee and commitment fees | 320 |  | 216 |  | 503 | 278 |
Other income/(expense) | 8 |  | 0 |  | 8 | 0 |
(Provision for)/release of losses | (1,964) |  | (1,117) |  | (3,064) | (2,139) |
Operating expenses | (1,560) |  | (1,186) |  | (3,268) | (2,254) |
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (637) |  | (192) |  | (1,159) | (196) |
Segment core earnings | 2,394 |  | 720 |  | 4,359 | 737 |
Reconciliation to net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total on- and off-balance sheet segment assets at principal balance | 1,941,036 |  | 875,472 |  | 1,941,036 | 875,472 |
Operating Segments | Funding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 35,619 |  | 56,845 |  | 68,597 | 117,084 |
Interest expense | (1,920) |  | (24,225) |  | (3,380) | (49,745) |
Net effective spread | 31,668 |  | 30,268 |  | 63,272 | 62,743 |
Guarantee and commitment fees | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 | 0 |
Other income/(expense) | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 | 0 |
(Provision for)/release of losses | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 | 0 |
Operating expenses | (3,003) |  | (2,318) |  | (5,803) | (4,882) |
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (6,020) |  | (5,870) |  | (12,069) | (12,151) |
Segment core earnings | 22,645 |  | 22,080 |  | 45,400 | 45,710 |
Reconciliation to net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total on- and off-balance sheet segment assets at principal balance | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 | 0 |
Operating Segments | Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 82,601 |  | 75,805 |  | 160,091 | 151,641 |
Interest expense | (80,626) |  | (75,144) |  | (156,262) | (150,505) |
Net effective spread | 2,111 |  | 661 |  | 3,965 | 1,136 |
Guarantee and commitment fees | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 | 0 |
Other income/(expense) | 14 |  | 1,059 |  | 36 | 1,063 |
(Provision for)/release of losses | (1) |  | 1 |  | (1) | 2 |
Operating expenses | (888) |  | (654) |  | (1,711) | (1,383) |
Income tax (expense)/benefit | (260) |  | (224) |  | (481) | (172) |
Segment core earnings | 976 |  | 843 |  | 1,808 | 646 |
Reconciliation to net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total on- and off-balance sheet segment assets at principal balance | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 | 0 |
Reconciling Adjustments | Farm & Ranch |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: reconciling adjustments | (984) |  | (1,366) |  | (1,991) | (2,412) |
Reconciling Adjustments | Corporate AgFinance |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: reconciling adjustments | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 | 0 |
Reconciling Adjustments | Power & Utilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: reconciling adjustments | (25) |  | (26) |  | (53) | (60) |
Reconciling Adjustments | Broadband Infrastructure |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: reconciling adjustments | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 | 0 |
Reconciling Adjustments | Renewable Energy |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: reconciling adjustments | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 | 0 |
Reconciling Adjustments | Funding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: reconciling adjustments | (2,031) |  | (2,352) |  | (1,945) | (4,596) |
Reconciling Adjustments | Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: reconciling adjustments | $ 136 |  | $ 0 |  | $ 136 | $ 0 |

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