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INVESTMENT SECURITIES (Tables) | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2025
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Schedule of Farmer Mac Investment Securities | The following tables set forth information about Farmer Mac's available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024: Table 2.1
| As of June 30, 2025
| Amount Outstanding |  | Unamortized Premium/(Discount) |  | Amortized Cost(1) |  | Allowance for losses(2) |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
| (in thousands)
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | $ | 19,700 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,700 |  |  | $ | (28) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (197) |  |  | $ | 19,475 |
Floating rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 2,396,079 |  |  | (1,356) |  |  | 2,394,723 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,287 |  |  | (15,033) |  |  | 2,381,977 |
Fixed rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 2,931,421 |  |  | (69,717) |  |  | 2,861,704 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,474 |  |  | (94,836) |  |  | 2,788,342 |
Fixed rate U.S. Treasuries | 1,487,292 |  |  | (7,234) |  |  | 1,480,058 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,235 |  |  | (1,056) |  |  | 1,484,237 |
Total available-for-sale | 6,834,492 |  |  | (78,307) |  |  | 6,756,185 |  |  | (28) |  |  | 28,996 |  |  | (111,122) |  |  | 6,674,031 |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities(3) | 8,970 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,970 |  |  | — |  |  | 366 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,336 |
Total held-to-maturity | $ | 8,970 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,970 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 366 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,336 |
(1)Amounts presented exclude $26.3 million of accrued interest receivable on investment securities as of June 30, 2025. (2)Represents the amount of impairment that has resulted from credit-related factors, and therefore was recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as a provision for losses. Amount excludes unrealized losses relating to non-credit factors. (3)The held-to-maturity investment securities had a weighted average yield of 6.4% as of June 30, 2025.
| As of December 31, 2024
| Amount Outstanding |  | Unamortized Premium/(Discount) |  | Amortized Cost(1) |  | Allowance for losses(2) |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
| (in thousands)
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | $ | 19,700 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,700 |  |  | $ | (27) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (197) |  |  | $ | 19,476 |
Floating rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 2,317,032 |  |  | (841) |  |  | 2,316,191 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,484 |  |  | (13,950) |  |  | 2,305,725 |
Fixed rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 2,544,136 |  |  | (66,845) |  |  | 2,477,291 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,426 |  |  | (142,750) |  |  | 2,337,967 |
Fixed rate U.S. Treasuries | 1,302,677 |  |  | (10,743) |  |  | 1,291,934 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,604 |  |  | (4,692) |  |  | 1,289,846 |
Total available-for-sale | 6,183,545 |  |  | (78,429) |  |  | 6,105,116 |  |  | (27) |  |  | 9,514 |  |  | (161,589) |  |  | 5,953,014 |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities(3) | 9,270 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,270 |  |  | — |  |  | 270 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,540 |
Total held-to-maturity | $ | 9,270 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,270 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 270 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,540 |
(1)Amounts presented exclude $22.3 million of accrued interest receivable on investment securities as of December 31, 2024. (2)Represents the amount of impairment that has resulted from credit-related factors, and therefore was recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as a provision for losses. Amount excludes unrealized losses relating to non-credit factors. (3)The held-to-maturity investment securities had a weighted average yield of 6.4% as of December 31, 2024. The following tables set forth information about on-balance sheet Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024: Table 3.1
| As of June 30, 2025 |  |
| Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Unamortized Premium/(Discount) |  | Amortized Cost(1) |  | Allowance for losses(2) |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  |
| (in thousands) |  |
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AgVantage | $ | 5,934,100 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,934,100 |  |  | $ | (192) |  |  | $ | 23,599 |  |  | $ | (234,617) |  |  | $ | 5,722,890 |  |  |
Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities(3) | — |  |  | 8,369 |  |  | 8,369 |  |  | — |  |  | 244 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,613 |  |  |
Total available-for-sale | $ | 5,934,100 |  |  | $ | 8,369 |  |  | $ | 5,942,469 |  |  | $ | (192) |  |  | $ | 23,843 |  |  | $ | (234,617) |  |  | $ | 5,731,503 |  |  |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AgVantage | $ | 2,087,686 |  |  | $ | (25,746) |  |  | $ | 2,061,940 |  |  | $ | (169) |  |  | $ | 8,740 |  |  | $ | (13,435) |  |  | $ | 2,057,076 |  |  |
Farmer Mac Guaranteed USDA Securities | 69,200 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 69,224 |  |  | — |  |  | 683 |  |  | (1,201) |  |  | 68,706 |  |  |
Total Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities | 2,156,886 |  |  | (25,722) |  |  | 2,131,164 |  |  | (169) |  |  | 9,423 |  |  | (14,636) |  |  | 2,125,782 |  |  |
USDA Securities | 2,388,895 |  |  | 17,743 |  |  | 2,406,638 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,144 |  |  | (210,212) |  |  | 2,202,570 |  |  |
Total held-to-maturity | $ | 4,545,781 |  |  | $ | (7,979) |  |  | $ | 4,537,802 |  |  | $ | (169) |  |  | $ | 15,567 |  |  | $ | (224,848) |  |  | $ | 4,328,352 |  |  |
Trading: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
USDA Securities(4) | $ | 552 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 585 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (25) |  |  | $ | 560 |  |  |
(1)Amounts presented exclude $63.9 million and $46.6 million of accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, respectively, as of June 30, 2025. (2)Represents the amount of impairment that has resulted from credit-related factors, and therefore was recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as a provision for losses. Amount excludes unrealized losses relating to non-credit factors. (3)Fair value includes $8.6 million of an interest-only security with a notional amount of $214.2 million. (4)The trading USDA securities had a weighted average yield of 5.63% as of June 30, 2025.
| As of December 31, 2024
| Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Unamortized Premium/(Discount) |  | Amortized Cost(1) |  | Allowance for losses(2) |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
| (in thousands)
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AgVantage | $ | 5,826,948 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,826,948 |  |  | $ | (236) |  |  | $ | 6,295 |  |  | $ | (327,476) |  |  | $ | 5,505,531 |
Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities(3) | — |  |  | 8,710 |  |  | 8,710 |  |  | — |  |  | 305 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,015 |
Total available-for-sale | $ | 5,826,948 |  |  | $ | 8,710 |  |  | $ | 5,835,658 |  |  | $ | (236) |  |  | $ | 6,600 |  |  | $ | (327,476) |  |  | $ | 5,514,546 |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AgVantage | $ | 2,694,492 |  |  | $ | (26,928) |  |  | $ | 2,667,564 |  |  | $ | (178) |  |  | $ | 5,978 |  |  | $ | (21,592) |  |  | $ | 2,651,772 |
Farmer Mac Guaranteed USDA Securities | 50,275 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 50,302 |  |  | — |  |  | 246 |  |  | (1,220) |  |  | 49,328 |
Total Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities | 2,744,767 |  |  | (26,901) |  |  | 2,717,866 |  |  | (178) |  |  | 6,224 |  |  | (22,812) |  |  | 2,701,100 |
USDA Securities | 2,351,334 |  |  | 19,200 |  |  | 2,370,534 |  |  | — |  |  | 180 |  |  | (258,190) |  |  | 2,112,524 |
Total held-to-maturity | $ | 5,096,101 |  |  | $ | (7,701) |  |  | $ | 5,088,400 |  |  | $ | (178) |  |  | $ | 6,404 |  |  | $ | (281,002) |  |  | $ | 4,813,624 |
Trading: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
USDA Securities(4) | $ | 814 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 856 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (38) |  |  | $ | 818 |
(1)Amounts presented exclude $57.5 million and $59.8 million of accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, respectively, as of December 31, 2024. (2)Represents the amount of impairment that has resulted from credit-related factors, and therefore was recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as a provision for losses. Amount excludes unrealized losses relating to non-credit factors. (3)Fair value includes $9.0 million of an interest-only security with a notional amount of $228.0 million. (4)The trading USDA securities had a weighted average yield of 5.47% as of December 31, 2024.
Schedule of Unrealized Losses on Available-for-Sale Investment Securities | As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, unrealized losses on available-for-sale investment securities were as follows: Table 2.2
| As of June 30, 2025
| Available-for-Sale Securities
| Unrealized loss position for less than 12 months |  | Unrealized loss position for more than 12 months
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss
| (dollars in thousands)
Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,475 |  |  | $ | (197) |
Floating rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 599,742 |  |  | (1,272) |  |  | 976,207 |  |  | (13,761) |
Fixed rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 399,530 |  |  | (6,557) |  |  | 964,601 |  |  | (88,279) |
Fixed rate U.S. Treasuries | 384,554 |  |  | (931) |  |  | 38,899 |  |  | (125) |
Total | $ | 1,383,826 |  |  | $ | (8,760) |  |  | $ | 1,999,182 |  |  | $ | (102,362) |
Number of securities in loss position |  |  | 74 |  |  |  |  | 156 |
| As of December 31, 2024
| Available-for-Sale Securities
| Unrealized loss position for less than 12 months |  | Unrealized loss position for more than 12 months
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss
| (dollars in thousands)
Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,476 |  |  | $ | (197) |
Floating rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 269,862 |  |  | (420) |  |  | 1,025,360 |  |  | (13,530) |
Fixed rate Government/GSE guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 999,793 |  |  | (17,682) |  |  | 946,166 |  |  | (125,068) |
Fixed rate U.S. Treasuries | 590,307 |  |  | (4,375) |  |  | 58,523 |  |  | (317) |
Total | $ | 1,859,962 |  |  | $ | (22,477) |  |  | $ | 2,049,525 |  |  | $ | (139,112) |
Number of securities in loss position |  |  | 90 |  |  |  |  | 155 |
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, unrealized losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity on-balance sheet Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities were as follows: Table 3.2
| As of June 30, 2025
| Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity Securities
| Unrealized loss position for less than 12 months |  | Unrealized loss position for more than 12 months
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss
| (in thousands)
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AgVantage | $ | 720,505 |  |  | $ | (755) |  |  | $ | 3,442,744 |  |  | $ | (233,862) |
Total available-for-sale | $ | 720,505 |  |  | $ | (755) |  |  | $ | 3,442,744 |  |  | $ | (233,862) |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AgVantage | $ | 796,985 |  |  | $ | (4,542) |  |  | $ | 784,478 |  |  | $ | (8,893) |
Farmer Mac Guaranteed USDA Securities | 30,069 |  |  | (638) |  |  | 7,962 |  |  | (563) |
USDA Securities | 1,623 |  |  | (23) |  |  | 1,797,100 |  |  | (210,189) |
Total held-to-maturity | $ | 828,677 |  |  | $ | (5,203) |  |  | $ | 2,589,540 |  |  | $ | (219,645) |
| As of December 31, 2024
| Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity Securities
| Unrealized loss position for less than 12 months |  | Unrealized loss position for more than 12 months
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss
| (in thousands)
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AgVantage | $ | 1,152,227 |  |  | $ | (12,889) |  |  | $ | 3,649,845 |  |  | $ | (314,587) |
Total available-for-sale | $ | 1,152,227 |  |  | $ | (12,889) |  |  | $ | 3,649,845 |  |  | $ | (314,587) |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AgVantage | $ | 998,200 |  |  | $ | (3,326) |  |  | $ | 1,187,464 |  |  | $ | (18,266) |
Farmer Mac Guaranteed USDA Securities | 30,912 |  |  | (529) |  |  | 8,070 |  |  | (691) |
USDA Securities | 8,938 |  |  | (164) |  |  | 2,099,695 |  |  | (258,026) |
Total held-to-maturity | $ | 1,038,050 |  |  | $ | (4,019) |  |  | $ | 3,295,229 |  |  | $ | (276,983) |
Schedule of Available-for-Sale Securities Maturities | The amortized cost, fair value, and weighted-average yield of available-for-sale investment securities by remaining contractual maturity as of June 30, 2025 are set forth below. Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities are included based on their final maturities, although the actual maturities may differ due to prepayments of the underlying assets. Table 2.3
| As of June 30, 2025
| Available-for-Sale Securities
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Weighted- Average Yield
| (dollars in thousands)
Due within one year | $ | 624,237 |  |  | $ | 625,265 |  |  | 4.23%
Due after one year through five years | 2,483,319 |  |  | 2,483,600 |  |  | 4.07%
Due after five years through ten years | 2,629,374 |  |  | 2,558,256 |  |  | 3.83%
Due after ten years | 1,019,255 |  |  | 1,006,910 |  |  | 4.78%
Total | $ | 6,756,185 |  |  | $ | 6,674,031 |  |  | 4.10%
The amortized cost, fair value, and weighted-average yield of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities by remaining contractual maturity as of June 30, 2025 are set forth below. The balances presented are based on their contractual maturities, although the actual maturities may differ due to prepayments of the underlying assets. Table 3.3
| As of June 30, 2025
| Available-for-Sale Securities
| Amortized Cost(1) |  | Fair Value |  | Weighted- Average Yield
| (dollars in thousands)
Due within one year | $ | 975,356 |  |  | $ | 972,539 |  |  | 4.47 | %
Due after one year through five years | 2,952,494 |  |  | 2,913,050 |  |  | 3.77 | %
Due after five years through ten years | 1,070,000 |  |  | 992,839 |  |  | 3.53 | %
Due after ten years | 944,619 |  |  | 853,075 |  |  | 4.00 | %
Total | $ | 5,942,469 |  |  | $ | 5,731,503 |  |  | 3.87 | %
(1)Amounts presented exclude $63.9 million of accrued interest receivable.
| As of June 30, 2025
| Held-to-Maturity Securities
| Amortized Cost(1) |  | Fair Value |  | Weighted- Average Yield
| (dollars in thousands)
Due within one year | $ | 913,578 |  |  | $ | 906,222 |  |  | 3.41 | %
Due after one year through five years | 608,130 |  |  | 607,028 |  |  | 4.87 | %
Due after five years through ten years | 329,460 |  |  | 299,526 |  |  | 3.80 | %
Due after ten years | 2,686,634 |  |  | 2,515,576 |  |  | 4.34 | %
Total | $ | 4,537,802 |  |  | $ | 4,328,352 |  |  | 4.23 | %
(1)Amounts presented exclude $46.6 million of accrued interest receivable.

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