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Fair Value Measurements
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of the period indicated, whether or not recognized or recorded in the consolidated balance sheets at the period indicated:
September 30, 2024Fair Value Measurements Using
Carrying
Value		Estimated
Fair Value		Level 1Level 2Level 3
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks$45,327 $45,327 $45,327 $— $— 
Interest earning deposits with other banks438,699 438,699 438,699 — — 
Investment securities48,620 49,197 — 49,197 — 
Other investments10,757 10,757 — 8,138 2,619 
Loans receivable3,418,832 3,413,386 — — 3,413,386 
Accrued interest receivable23,664 23,664 — 23,664 — 
Financial liabilities
Deposits$3,627,288 3,626,949 $— $3,626,949 $— 
Subordinated debt44,256 45,783 — 45,783 — 
Junior subordinated debentures3,591 3,498 — 3,498 — 
Accrued interest payable1,070 1,070 — 1,070 — 
December 31, 2023Fair Value Measurements Using
Carrying
Value		Estimated
Fair Value		Level 1Level 2Level 3
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks$31,345 $31,345 $31,345 $— $— 
Interest earning deposits with other banks451,783 451,783 451,783 — — 
Investment securities150,364 150,545 99,461 51,084 — 
Other investments10,227 10,227 — 7,605 2,622 
Loans receivable, net3,026,092 2,936,917 — — 2,936,917 
Accrued interest receivable26,819 26,819 — 26,819 — 
Financial liabilities     
Deposits$3,360,363 $3,359,867 $— $3,359,867 $— 
Subordinated debt44,144 43,908 — 43,908 — 
Junior subordinated debentures3,590 3,491 — 3,491 — 
Accrued interest payable892 892 — 892 — 
The Company measures and discloses certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale). GAAP establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and disclosure requirements about fair value measurements. Among other things, the accounting standard requires the reporting entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s estimates for market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:
•Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments. An active market is a market in which transactions occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and shall be used to measure fair value whenever available.
•Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 including quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments, quoted prices in less active markets for identical or similar instruments, or other observable inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data.
•Level 3 – Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity for financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation; also includes observable inputs from nonbinding single dealer quotes not corroborated by observable market data.
The estimated fair value amounts of financial instruments have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required to interpret data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize at a future date. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. In addition, reasonable comparability between financial institutions may not be likely due to the wide range of permitted valuation techniques and numerous estimates that must be made given the absence of active secondary markets for certain financial instruments. This lack of uniform valuation methodologies also introduces a greater degree of subjectivity to these estimated fair values.
Items measured at fair value on a recurring basis – The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at the dates indicated:
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Fair Value
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
September 30, 2024
Available-for-sale
U.S. Agency collateralized mortgage obligations$— $38 $— $38 
$— $38 $— $38 
December 31, 2023
Available-for-sale
U.S. Treasury securities$99,461 $— $— $99,461 
U.S. Agency collateralized mortgage obligations— 43 — 43 
$99,461 $43 $— $99,504 
The following methods were used to estimate the fair value of the class of financial instruments above:
Investment securities - The fair value of securities is based on quoted market prices, pricing models, quoted prices of similar securities, independent pricing sources, and discounted cash flows.
Limitations: The fair value estimates presented herein are based on pertinent information available to management as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The factors used in the fair values estimates are subject to change subsequent to the dates the fair value estimates are completed, therefore, current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.
Items measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis – The following table presents financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy of the fair value measurements for those assets at the dates indicated:
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Fair Value
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)
September 30, 2024
Collateral dependent loans$— $— $933 $933 
Equity securities$— $— $2,619 $2,619 
Total$— $— $3,552 $3,552 
December 31, 2023
Collateral dependent loans$— $— $7,315 $7,315 
Equity securities— — 2,622 2,622 
Total$— $— $9,937 $9,937 
The amounts disclosed above represent the fair values at the time the nonrecurring fair value measurements were made, and not necessarily the fair value as of the dates reported on.
Individually evaluated loans - Fair values for individually evaluated loans are estimated using the fair value of the collateral less selling costs if the loan results in a Level 3 classification. Individually evaluated loan amounts are initially valued at the lower of cost or fair value. Individually evaluated loans carried at fair value generally receive specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses. For collateral dependent real estate loans, fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Individually evaluated loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional credit losses and adjusted accordingly. The estimated fair values of financial instruments disclosed above follow the guidance in ASU 2016-01 which prescribes an “exit price” approach in estimating and disclosing fair value of financial instruments incorporating discounts for credit, liquidity, and marketability factors. Valuation is measured based on the fair value of the underlying collateral or the discounted cash expected future cash flows. Subsequent changes in the value of loans are included within the provision for credit losses - loans in the same manner in which it initially was recognized or as a reduction in the provision that would otherwise be reported. Loans are evaluated quarterly to determine if valuation adjustments should be recorded. The need for valuation adjustments arises when observable market prices or current appraised values of collateral indicate a shortfall in collateral value compared to current carrying values of the related loan. If the Company determines that the value of the individually evaluated loan is less than the carrying value of the loan, the Company either establishes an reserve as a specific component of the allowance for credit losses or charges off that amount. These valuation adjustments are considered nonrecurring fair value adjustments.
Equity securities – The Company measures equity securities without readily determinable fair values at cost less impairment (if any), plus or minus observable price changes from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer, with price changes recognized in earnings.
Assets measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
The following table presents the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values, as of September 30, 2024, with adjustments recorded during the periods presented for those securities with observable price changes, if applicable. These equity securities are included in other investments on the balance sheet.
•As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had a $2.2 million equity interest in a specialized bank technology company.
•We had a $350,000 equity interest in a technology company as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
•We had a $47,000 and $50,000 equity interest in an additional technology company as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
For the Three Months Ended
September 30,
For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)2024202320242023
Carrying value, beginning of period$2,622 $2,572 $2,622 $2,572 
Purchases— — — — 
Observable price change(3)— (3)— 
Carrying value, end of period$2,619 $2,572 $2,619 $2,572 
The following table provides a description of the valuation technique, unobservable inputs, and qualitative information about the unobservable inputs for the Company’s assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 and measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at the date indicated:
(unaudited)Valuation TechniqueUnobservable Inputs
September 30, 2024
Weighted
Average Rate
December 31, 2023
Weighted
Average Rate
Collateral dependent loansCollateral valuationsDiscount to appraised value8.4%8.0%