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Stock Compensation Plans | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS | 7. STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS As of June 30, 2020, the Company’s primary type of stock-based compensation was restricted stock units and stock options. Stock-based compensation expense for the following periods were:
In millions | Three months ended June 30 |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Restricted stock units | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 42 |
Stock options | 6 |  | 2 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 4 |
Employee stock purchase plan | 1 |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 20 |  | 25 |  | 45 |  | 48 |
Tax benefit | (2) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (7) |
Stock-based compensation expense (net of tax) | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 41 |
Stock-based compensation expense is recognized in the financial statements based upon grant date fair value. In the six months ended June 30, 2020, the stock options granted were premium-priced stock options, in which the exercise price is equal to 115% of the closing stock price on the date of the grant. The exercise price of the stock options granted in the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $37.97. The weighted average fair value of the option grants was $7.80 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 based on using a Monte-Carlo simulation model and will be recognized over the requisite service period. These option grants have a seven year contractual term that vest at the end of 36 months. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the weighted average fair value of option grants was $8.07 with a seven year contractual term that vest ratably over four years. The table below details the assumptions used in determining the fair value of the option grants.
| Six months ended June 30 |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019
Dividend yield | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Risk-free interest rate | 1.44 | % |  | 2.50 | %
Expected volatility | 33.51 | % |  | 34.79 | %
Expected holding period (years) | 3.7 |  | 3.9
Expected volatility is calculated as the historical volatility of the Company’s stock over a period equal to the expected term of the options, as management believes this is the best representation of prospective trends. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee terminations within the valuation model. The expected holding period represents the period of time that options are expected to be outstanding. For options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2020, the seven-year U.S. Treasury yield curve was used to determine the risk-free interest rate. For options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2019, the risk-free interest rate was determined based on a blend of the three and five-year U.S. Treasury yield curves in effect at the time of the grant. As of June 30, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation cost of $84 million related to unvested restricted stock grants is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.0 year. As of June 30, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation cost of $57 million related to unvested stock option grants is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.3 years. Employee Stock Purchase Plan The Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") provides employees a 15% discount on stock purchases using a three-month look-back feature where the discount is applied to the stock price that represents the lower of NCR’s closing stock price on either the first day or the last day of each calendar quarter. Participants can contribute between 1% and 10% of their compensation. For the three months ended June 30, 2020, employees purchased 0.3 million shares, at a discounted price of $14.72. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, employees purchased 0.2 million shares, at a discounted price of $24.02.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for an entity's employee compensation and benefit plans, including, but not limited to, postemployment and postretirement benefit plans, defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution plans, non-qualified and supplemental benefit plans, deferred compensation, share-based compensation, life insurance, severance, health care, unemployment and other benefit plans. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 712 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2197446 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 710 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2127225 Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 715 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2235017 + Details
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