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Summary ofSignificant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2015
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its domestic and foreign subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Examples of such estimates include provisions for warranty, uncollectible accounts receivable, inventory obsolescence, sales returns, tax contingencies, estimates on the valuation of share-based awards and recoverability of long-lived assets and investments. Actual results may materially differ from these estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company reviews its estimates to ensure that these estimates appropriately reflect changes in its business or as new information becomes available. Recent Accounting Standards On February 25, 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued its new lease accounting guidance in Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (i) a lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (ii) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged and lessees will no longer be provided with a source of off-balance sheet financing. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, "'Financial Instruments─Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." The amendment requires (i) equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, (ii) public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes and (iii) separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (i.e., securities or loans and receivables). This amendment eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost. This amendment is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes." This amendment eliminates the current requirement for organizations to present deferred tax liabilities and assets as current and noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. Instead, organizations will be required to classify all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent. For public business entities, the amendment is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company opted to early adopt this ASU and has applied this amendment to its deferred tax assets and liabilities in its consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In July 2015, FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, "Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory." Topic 330, Inventory, currently requires an entity to measure inventory at the lower of cost or market. Market could be replacement cost, net realizable value, or net realizable value less an approximately normal profit margin. The amendments apply to inventory that is measured using first-in, first-out (FIFO) or average cost. An entity should measure in-scope inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The amendments in this update more closely align the measurement of inventory in GAAP with the measurement of inventory in International Financial Reporting Standards. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments should be applied prospectively with earlier application permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements. In April 2015, the FASB has issued ASU No. 2015-05, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement." Existing GAAP does not include explicit guidance about a customer’s accounting for fees paid in a cloud computing arrangement. Examples of cloud computing arrangements include: (a) software as a service; (b) platform as a service; (c) infrastructure as a service; and (d) other similar hosting arrangements. The amendments provide guidance to customers about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The amendments do not change the customer’s accounting for service contracts. As a result of the amendments, all software licenses within the scope of Subtopic 350-40 will be accounted for consistent with other licenses of intangible assets. For public business entities, the amendments will be effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this amendment will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, "Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs." The amendments in this ASU require that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The guidance in ASU 2015-03 (see paragraph 835-30-45-1A) does not address presentation or subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements. Given the absence of authoritative guidance within ASU 2015-03 for debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements, the SEC staff stated that they would not object to an entity deferring and presenting debt issuance costs as an asset and subsequently amortizing the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by the amendments in this ASU. The amendments for this ASU are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted for financial statements that have not been previously issued. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this amendment will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, "Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern." This ASU is intended to define management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an organization’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures, and provides guidance to an organization’s management, with principles and definitions that are intended to reduce diversity in the timing and content of disclosures that are commonly provided by organizations today in the financial statement footnotes. Until the issuance of this ASU, U.S. GAAP lacked guidance about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about the organization’s ability to continue as a going concern or to provide related footnote disclosures. The amendments are effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early application is permitted for annual or interim reporting periods for which the financial statements have not previously been issued. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this amendment will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-12, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period." This ASU requires that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period, be treated as a performance condition. The performance target should not be reflected in estimating the grant-date fair value of the award. Compensation cost should be recognized in the period in which it becomes probable that the performance target will be achieved and should represent the compensation cost attributable to the period(s) for which the requisite service has already been rendered. If the performance target becomes probable of being achieved before the end of the requisite service period, the remaining unrecognized compensation cost should be recognized prospectively over the remaining requisite service period. The total amount of compensation cost recognized during and after the requisite service period should reflect the number of awards that are expected to vest and should be adjusted to reflect those awards that ultimately vest. The requisite service period ends when the employee can cease rendering service and still be eligible to vest in the award if the performance target is achieved. This ASU is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Earlier adoption is permitted. Based on the Company's evaluation of this ASU, it will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers: (Topic 606)." This ASU affects any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards (e.g., insurance contracts or lease contracts). This ASU will supersede the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, "Revenue Recognition," and most industry-specific guidance. In addition, the existing requirements for the recognition of a gain or loss on the transfer of nonfinancial assets that are not in a contract with a customer (e.g., assets within the scope of Topic 360, "Property, Plant, and Equipment," and intangible assets within the scope of Topic 350, "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other") are amended to be consistent with the guidance on recognition and measurement (including the constraint on revenue) in this ASU. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. Revenue Recognition Sales are recognized, in general, as products are shipped to customers, net of an allowance for sales returns and sales programs in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition.” In certain cases, the Company recognizes sales when products are received by customers. The criteria for recognition of revenue are met when persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists and both title and risk of loss have passed to the customer, the price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Sales returns are estimated based upon historical returns, current economic trends, changes in customer demands and sell-through of products. The Company also records estimated reductions to revenue for sales programs such as incentive offerings. Sales program accruals are estimated based upon the attributes of the sales program, management’s forecast of future product demand, and historical customer participation in similar programs. The following table provides a reconciliation of the activity related to the Company’s allowance for sales returns:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
| (In thousands)
Beginning balance | $ | 8,944 |  |  | $ | 7,334 |  |  | $ | 6,383 |
Provision | 35,746 |  |  | 36,980 |  |  | 32,127 |
Sales returns | (36,542 | ) |  | (35,370 | ) |  | (31,176 | )
Ending balance | $ | 8,148 |  |  | $ | 8,944 |  |  | $ | 7,334 |
Revenues from gift cards are deferred and recognized when the cards are redeemed. In addition, the Company recognizes revenue from unredeemed gift cards when the likelihood of redemption becomes remote and under circumstances that comply with any applicable state escheatment laws. The Company’s gift cards have no expiration. To determine when redemption is remote, the Company analyzes an aging of unredeemed cards (based on the date the card was last used or the activation date if the card has never been used) and compares that information with historical redemption trends. The deferred revenue associated with outstanding gift cards increased to $1,119,000 at December 31, 2015 from $1,082,000 at December 31, 2014. The amounts are recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Royalty income is recorded in net sales as underlying product sales occur, subject to certain minimums, in accordance with the related licensing arrangements. The Company recognized royalty income under its various licensing agreements of $8,062,000, $8,881,000 and $9,130,000 during 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Warranty Policy The Company has a stated two-year warranty policy for its golf clubs. The Company’s policy is to accrue the estimated cost of satisfying future warranty claims at the time the sale is recorded. In estimating its future warranty obligations, the Company considers various relevant factors, including the Company’s stated warranty policies and practices, the historical frequency of claims, and the cost to replace or repair its products under warranty. The following table provides a reconciliation of the activity related to the Company’s reserve for warranty expense:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
| (In thousands)
Beginning balance | $ | 5,607 |  |  | $ | 6,406 |  |  | $ | 7,539 |
Provision | 5,220 |  |  | 4,724 |  |  | 5,177 |
Claims paid/costs incurred | (5,121 | ) |  | (5,523 | ) |  | (6,310 | )
Ending balance | $ | 5,706 |  |  | $ | 5,607 |  |  | $ | 6,406 |
Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or the price paid to transfer a liability (the exit price) in the principal and most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The Company measures and discloses the fair value of nonfinancial and financial assets and liabilities utilizing a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to a fair value measurement are considered to be observable or unobservable in a marketplace. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. The measurement of assets and liabilities at fair value are classified using the following three-tier hierarchy: Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and Level 3: Fair value measurements derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. The Company measures fair value using a set of standardized procedures that are outlined herein for all assets and liabilities which are required to be measured at fair value. When available, the Company utilizes quoted market prices from an independent third-party source to determine fair value and classifies such items in Level 1. In some instances where a market price is available, but the instrument is in an inactive or over-the-counter market, the Company consistently applies the dealer (market maker) pricing estimate and uses a midpoint approach on bid and ask prices from financial institutions to determine the reasonableness of these estimates. Assets and liabilities subject to this fair value valuation approach are typically classified as Level 2. Items valued using internally-generated valuation techniques are classified according to the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. As a result, the asset or liability could be classified in either Level 2 or Level 3 even though there may be some significant inputs that are readily observable. The Company utilizes a discounted cash flow valuation model whenever applicable to derive a fair value measurement on long-lived assets and goodwill and intangible assets. The Company uses its internal cash flow estimates discounted at an appropriate rate, quoted market prices, royalty rates when available and independent appraisals as appropriate. The Company also considers its counterparty’s and own credit risk on derivatives and other liabilities measured at their fair value. Advertising Costs The Company's primary advertising costs are from television and print media advertisements. The Company’s policy is to expense advertising costs, including production costs, as incurred. Advertising expenses for 2015, 2014 and 2013 were $57,392,000, $55,502,000 and $53,707,000, respectively. Research and Development Costs Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs for 2015, 2014 and 2013 were $33,213,000, $31,285,000 and $30,937,000, respectively. Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions A significant portion of the Company’s business is conducted outside of the United States in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. As a result, changes in foreign currency exchange rates can have a significant effect on the Company’s financial results. Revenues and expenses that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the average exchange rate for the period. Assets and liabilities are translated at the rate of exchange on the balance sheet date. Gains and losses from assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity on which they reside are generally recognized currently in the Company's statements of operations. Gains and losses from the translation of foreign subsidiary financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss (see Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income policy below). The Company recorded a net loss in foreign currency transactions of $1,611,000, $6,198,000 and $821,000 in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Derivatives and Hedging In order to mitigate the impact of foreign currency translation on transactions, the Company uses foreign currency forward contracts that are accounted for as non-designated and designated hedges pursuant to ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” ("ASC Topic 815"). ASC Topic 815 requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet, measure those instruments at fair value and recognize changes in the fair value of derivatives in earnings in the period of change unless the derivative qualifies as designated cash flow hedge that offsets certain exposures. Certain criteria must be satisfied in order for derivative financial instruments to be classified and accounted for as a cash flow hedge. Gains and losses from the remeasurement of qualifying cash flow hedges are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income and released into earnings as a component of cost of goods sold or net sales during the period in which the hedged transaction takes place. Gains and losses on the ineffective portion of hedges (hedges that do not meet accounting requirements due to ineffectiveness) and derivatives that are not elected for hedge accounting treatment are immediately recorded in earnings as a component of other income (expense). Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less. Trade Accounts Receivable The Company records its trade accounts receivable at net realizable value. This value includes an appropriate allowance for estimated uncollectible accounts to reflect any loss anticipated on the trade accounts receivable balances and charged to the provision for doubtful accounts. An estimate of uncollectible amounts is made by management based upon historical bad debts, current customer receivable balances, age of customer receivable balances, the customer’s financial condition and current economic trends, all of which are subject to change. Actual uncollected amounts have historically been consistent with the Company’s expectations. The decrease in the allowance for estimated losses as of December 31, 2015 was primarily the result of a significant bad debt recovery recognized in 2015. The following table provides a reconciliation of the activity related to the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
| (In thousands)
Beginning balance | $ | 6,460 |  |  | $ | 11,655 |  |  | $ | 6,544 |
Provision | 992 |  |  | 2,143 |  |  | 6,798 |
Write-off of uncollectible amounts, net of recoveries | (1,807 | ) |  | (7,338 | ) |  | (1,687 | )
Ending balance | $ | 5,645 |  |  | $ | 6,460 |  |  | $ | 11,655 |
Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or fair market value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The inventory balance, which includes material, labor and manufacturing overhead costs, is recorded net of an estimate for obsolete or unmarketable inventory. This estimate is based upon current inventory levels, sales trends and historical experience as well as management’s estimates of market conditions and forecasts of future product demand, all of which are subject to change. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives as follows:
Buildings and improvements | 10-30 years
Machinery and equipment | 5-10 years
Furniture, computers and equipment | 3-5 years
Production molds | 2-5 years
Normal repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that materially increase values, change capacities or extend useful lives are capitalized. The related costs and accumulated depreciation of disposed assets are eliminated and any resulting gain or loss on disposition is included in net income/(loss). Construction in-process consists primarily of costs associated with building improvements, machinery and equipment that have not yet been placed into service, unfinished molds as well as in-process internally developed software. In accordance with ASC Topic 350-40, “Internal-Use Software,” the Company capitalizes certain costs incurred in connection with developing or obtaining internal use software. Costs incurred in the preliminary project stage are expensed. All direct external costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the development stage are capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over the remaining estimated useful lives. Costs such as maintenance and training are expensed as incurred. Long-Lived Assets In accordance with ASC Topic 360-10-5, “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”, the Company assesses potential impairments of its long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying value may not be recoverable. An impairment charge would be recognized when the carrying amount of a long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset or asset group. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill and intangible assets, which consist of trade names, trademarks, service marks, trade dress, patents and other intangible assets, were acquired in connection with the acquisition of Odyssey Sports, Inc. in 1997, FrogTrader, Inc. in 2004, and certain foreign distributors. In accordance with ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other,” goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized but instead are measured for impairment at least annually or more frequently when events indicate that an impairment exists. The Company calculates impairment as the excess of the carrying value of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets over their estimated fair value. If the carrying value exceeds the estimate of fair value a write-down is recorded. To determine fair value, the Company uses its internal discounted cash flow estimates, quoted market prices, royalty rates when available and independent appraisals when appropriate. The Company completed its annual impairment test and fair value analysis of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2015, and the estimated fair values of the Company’s reporting units in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada and Korea, as well as the estimated fair values of certain trade names and trademarks, exceeded their carrying values. As a result, no impairment was recorded as of December 31, 2015. Intangible assets that are determined to have definite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are measured for impairment only when events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may be impaired in accordance with ASC Topic 360-10-5 discussed above. See Note 6 for further discussion of the Company’s goodwill and intangible assets. Investments The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of acquisition and reevaluates such classification at each balance sheet date. Investments that do not have readily determinable fair values are stated at cost. The Company monitors investments for impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 325-35-2, “Impairment” and ASC Topic 320-35-17 through 35-35, “Scope of Impairment Guidance.” See Note 7 for further discussion of the Company’s investments. Share-Based Compensation The Company accounts for its share-based compensation arrangements in accordance with ASC Topic 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation” (“ASC Topic 718”), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards to employees and non-employees based on estimated fair values. ASC Topic 718 further requires a reduction in share-based compensation expense by an estimated forfeiture rate. The forfeiture rate used by the Company is based on historical forfeiture trends. If actual forfeiture rates are not consistent with the Company’s estimates, the Company may be required to increase or decrease compensation expenses in future periods. Performance share units are stock-based awards in which the number of shares ultimately received depends on the Company's performance against specified goals that are measured over a designated performance period from the date of grant. These performance goals are established by the Company at the beginning of the performance period. At the end of the performance period, the number of shares of stock that could be issued is fixed based upon the degree of achievement of the performance goals. The number of shares that could be issued can range from 50% to 150% of the participant's target award. Performance share units are initially valued at the Company's closing stock price on the date of grant. Compensation expense for performance share units is recognized over the vesting period and is reduced by an estimate for forfeitures, and will vary based on remeasurements during the performance period. If the performance goals are not probable of achievement during the performance period, compensation expense would be reversed. The awards are forfeited if the performance goals are not achieved as of the end of the performance period. The performance units vest in full at the end of a three year period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option valuation model to estimate the fair value of its stock options and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) at the date of grant. The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of subjective assumptions to calculate the value of stock options/SARs. The Company uses historical data among other information to estimate the expected price volatility, expected term and forfeiture rate. The Company uses forecasted dividends to estimate the expected dividend yield. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period for stock options. Compensation expense for SARs is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based on an estimated fair value, which is remeasured at the end of each reporting period. Once vested, the SARs continue to be remeasured to fair value until they are exercised. The Company records compensation expense for restricted stock awards and restricted stock units (collectively “restricted stock”) based on the estimated fair value of the award on the date of grant. The estimated fair value is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the award date multiplied by the number of shares underlying the restricted stock awarded. Total compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Phantom stock units are a form of share-based awards that are indexed to the Company’s stock and are settled in cash. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based on the award’s estimated fair value. Fair value is remeasured at the end of each interim reporting period through the award’s settlement date and is based on the closing price of the Company’s stock. Income Taxes Current income tax expense or benefit is the amount of income taxes expected to be payable or receivable for the current year. A deferred income tax asset or liability is established for the difference between the tax basis of an asset or liability computed pursuant to ASC Topic 740 and its reported amount in the financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years when the reported amount of the asset or liability is recovered or settled, respectively. The Company maintains a valuation allowance for a deferred tax asset when it is deemed to be more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. In evaluating whether a valuation allowance is required under such rules, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including prior operating results, the nature and reason for any losses, its forecast of future taxable income, and the dates on which any deferred tax assets are expected to expire. These assumptions require a significant amount of judgment, including estimates of future taxable income. These estimates are based on the Company’s best judgment at the time made based on current and projected circumstances and conditions. In 2011, as a result of this evaluation, the Company recorded a valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets due to losses generated in the United States. At the end of each interim and annual reporting period, as the U.S. deferred tax assets are adjusted upwards or downwards, the associated valuation allowance and income tax expense are also adjusted. If sufficient positive evidence arises in the future, such as a sustained return to profitability in the U.S. business, any existing valuation allowance could be reversed as appropriate, decreasing income tax expense and creating a significant one-time non-cash tax benefit in the period that such conclusion is reached. Prospectively, the Company would then report an effective U.S. income tax rate that is closer to statutory rates. The Company concluded that with respect to non-U.S. entities, there is sufficient positive evidence to conclude that the realization of its deferred tax assets is deemed to be likely, and no significant allowances have been established. For further information, see Note 9 “Income Taxes.” Pursuant to ASC Topic 740-25-6, the Company is required to accrue for the estimated additional amount of taxes for uncertain tax positions if it is deemed to be more likely than not that the Company would be required to pay such additional taxes. The Company is required to file federal and state income tax returns in the United States and various other income tax returns in foreign jurisdictions. The preparation of these income tax returns requires the Company to interpret the applicable tax laws and regulations in effect in such jurisdictions, which could affect the amount of tax paid by the Company. The Company accrues an amount for its estimate of additional tax liability, including interest and penalties in income tax expense, for any uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in an income tax return. The Company reviews and updates the accrual for uncertain tax positions as more definitive information becomes available. Historically, additional taxes paid as a result of the resolution of the Company’s uncertain tax positions have not been materially different from the Company’s expectations. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. For further information, see Note 9 “Income Taxes.” Other Income (Expense), Net Other income (expense), net primarily includes gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts and foreign currency transactions. The components of other income (expense), net are as follows:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
| (In thousands)
Foreign currency forward contract gains, net | $ | 2,877 |  |  | $ | 6,356 |  |  | $ | 6,764 |
Foreign currency transaction losses, net | (1,611 | ) |  | (6,198 | ) |  | (821 | )
Other | 199 |  |  | (206 | ) |  | 62 |
| $ | 1,465 |  |  | $ | (48 | ) |  | $ | 6,005 |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) includes the impact of foreign currency translation adjustments and the change in fair value of derivative instruments designated for hedge accounting. As the Company has met the permanent reinvestment criteria, it does not accrue income taxes on foreign currency translation adjustments. The total equity adjustment from foreign currency translation included in accumulated other comprehensive income were losses of $11,542,000 and $12,973,000 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The total equity adjustment from the change in fair value of derivative instruments was a net gain of $525,000 as of December 31, 2015. The Company did not have derivative instruments that qualified for hedge accounting as of December 31, 2014. See Note 16 "Derivatives and Hedging" for a tabular roll-forward of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Segment Information The Company’s operating segments are organized on the basis of products and consist of golf clubs and golf balls. The golf clubs segment consists primarily of Callaway Golf woods, hybrids, irons, wedges and putters as well as Odyssey putters, pre-owned clubs, golf-related accessories and royalties from licensing of the Company’s trademarks and service marks. The golf balls segment consists of Callaway Golf balls that are designed, manufactured and sold by the Company. The Company also discloses information about geographic areas. This information is presented in Note 18 “Segment Information.” Concentration of Risk The Company operates in the golf equipment industry and has a concentrated customer base, which is primarily comprised of golf equipment retailers (including pro shops at golf courses and off-course retailers), sporting goods retailers and mass merchants and foreign distributors. On a consolidated basis, no one customer accounted for more than 9% of the Company’s consolidated revenues in 2015, and no one customer accounted for more than 8% of the Company's consolidated revenue in each of 2014 and 2013. The Company's top five customers accounted for approximately 26% of the Company's consolidated revenues in 2015, 25% in 2014 and 23% in 2013. With respect to the Company's segments, in 2015 and 2014, the Company's top five golf club customers accounted for approximately 25% of total consolidated golf club sales, and approximately 23% of total consolidated golf club sales in 2013. The top five golf ball customers accounted for approximately 30% of total consolidated golf ball sales in each of 2015 and 2014, and 27% in 2013. A loss of one or more of these customers could have a significant effect on the Company's net sales. With respect to the Company's trade receivables, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally requires no collateral from these customers. The Company maintains reserves for estimated credit losses, which it considers adequate to cover any such losses. At December 31, 2015, the Company had one customer with an outstanding balance greater than 10% of the Company's outstanding consolidated accounts receivable. At December 31, 2014, no single customer represented over 9% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable balance. Managing customer-related credit risk is more difficult in regions outside of the United States. Of the Company’s total net sales, approximately 47% was derived from sales outside of the United States in 2015, and approximately 52% in each of 2014 and 2013, respectively. Prolonged unfavorable economic conditions could significantly increase the Company’s credit risk with respect to its outstanding accounts receivable. The Company is dependent on a limited number of suppliers for its clubheads and shafts, some of which are single sourced. Furthermore, some of the Company’s products require specially developed manufacturing techniques and processes which make it difficult to identify and utilize alternative suppliers quickly. In addition, many of the Company’s suppliers are not well capitalized and prolonged unfavorable economic conditions could increase the risk that they will go out of business. If current suppliers are unable to deliver clubheads, shafts or other components, or if the Company is required to transition to other suppliers, the Company could experience significant production delays or disruption to its business. The Company also depends on a single or a limited number of suppliers for the materials it uses to make its golf balls. Many of these materials are customized for the Company. Any delay or interruption in such supplies could have a material adverse impact upon the Company’s golf ball business. If the Company were to experience any such delays or interruptions, the Company may not be able to find adequate alternative suppliers at a reasonable cost or without significant disruption to its business. The Company’s financial instruments that are subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, trade receivables and foreign currency forward contracts. From time to time, the Company invests its excess cash in money market accounts and short-term U.S. government securities and has established guidelines relative to diversification and maturities in an effort to maintain safety and liquidity. These guidelines are periodically reviewed and modified to take advantage of trends in yields and interest rates. The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts for the purpose of hedging foreign exchange rate exposures on existing or anticipated transactions. In the event of a failure to honor one of these contracts by one of the banks with which the Company has contracted, management believes any loss would be limited to the exchange rate differential from the time the contract was made until the time it was settled.

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