Business Combinations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

BigShots Acquisition

On November 1, 2023, we completed the acquisition of certain assets from affiliates of Invited, Inc. (“Invited”), the largest owner and operator of private golf and country clubs in the United States, related to its BigShots Golf business (“BigShots”), for a purchase price of approximately $29.7 million, which we funded with existing cash on hand. The acquisition includes certain domestic venue locations of the BigShots brand, which will help expand our leadership position in off-course golf and in the modern-golf ecosystem and is accounted for as a business combination. All of the goodwill arising from the acquisition is assigned to our Topgolf operating segment and consists largely of operational synergies within our Topgolf business. Goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisition is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

The following table summarizes the preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date based on the purchase price allocation (in millions):


	At November 1, 2023
Assets Acquired
Accounts receivable	$	0.1

Other current assets	0.3
Property and equipment	20.2
Intangibles—trade name	2.9
Intangibles—development rights	2.0
Goodwill	4.4
Total assets acquired	29.9
Liabilities Assumed
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	0.2
Net assets acquired	29.7
Total purchase price consideration	$	29.7

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the results of operations for BigShots and acquisition-related costs were not material to our consolidated statements of operations. Additionally, the pro forma results of operations reflecting the acquisition of BigShots are not presented, as the impact on our consolidated financial results would not have been material.

In conjunction with the acquisition of certain assets from affiliates of Invited in November 2023, during the first quarter of 2024 we completed additional acquisitions from Invited and affiliates of Invited for additional venue-related assets and development rights related to the Bigshots business, for $5.9 million and $16.0 million, respectively. The additional acquisitions were completed in two separate transactions and were funded with existing cash on hand, and will be accounted for as a business combination in connection with the November 2023 acquisition. Due to the timing of the completion of these transactions, the preliminary purchase price allocations for these additional assets and development rights are excluded from the purchase price allocation amounts in the table above. We expect to include the preliminary purchase price allocation estimates related to these additional acquisitions in our Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2024.

Merger with Topgolf International, Inc.

On March 8, 2021, we completed our merger with Topgolf, pursuant to the terms of an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 27, 2020 (the “Merger Agreement”) to expand our business platforms and family of brands, as well as our reach across multiple platforms, which now includes Topgolf venues in addition to retail, e-commerce and digital communities. Since the date of the merger, Topgolf has operated as one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries.

Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, we acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Topgolf in an all-stock transaction, at an exchange ratio based on an equity value of Topgolf of $1,987.0 million, whereby the stockholders of Topgolf received 89.8 million of our common shares. The actual purchase consideration upon the closing of the merger of $3,014.2 million (or $2,650.2 million excluding Topgolf shares that were held by us) was based on the number of shares of our common stock issued, multiplied by the closing price of $29.52 of our common stock on March 8, 2021. Additionally, we converted certain stock options, stock awards, and warrants held by previous Topgolf equity holders. The purchase consideration, together with the fair value of the consideration transferred for outstanding stock awards and warrants totaled $3,048.9 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recognized $20.4 million of transaction costs which primarily consisted of advisor, legal, valuation and accounting fees. We did not recognize any transaction costs associated with the merger during the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date based on the purchase price allocation (in millions):


	At March 8, 2021
Assets Acquired
Cash		$	171.3
Accounts receivable		10.7
Inventories		13.9
Other current assets		52.1
Property and equipment		1,079.6
Operating lease right-of-use assets		1,328.0
Investments		28.8
Other assets		33.7
Intangibles—trade name		994.2
Intangibles—technology, customer relationships and liquor licenses		81.9
Goodwill		1,355.0
Total assets acquired		5,149.2
Liabilities Assumed
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		$	95.8
Accrued employee costs		37.1
Construction advances		40.5
Deferred revenue		66.2
Other current liabilities		7.8
Long-term debt		535.1
Deemed landlord financing		303.0
Operating lease liabilities		1,402.3
Other long-term liabilities		32.2
Deferred tax liabilities		143.7
Net assets acquired		2,485.5
Goodwill allocated to other business units		563.4
Total purchase price and consideration transferred in the merger		$	3,048.9

Supplemental Pro-Forma Information (Unaudited)

The following table presents supplemental pro-forma information for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 in order to show what our consolidated net revenues and net income would have been had the merger been completed as of January 1, 2020. These amounts were calculated after applying our accounting policies and were based upon information available at that time. Pre-acquisition net revenue and net income/(loss) amounts for Topgolf were derived from the books and records of Topgolf prepared prior to the acquisition and are presented for informational purposes only and do not purport to be indicative of actual results of future operations or of the results that would have occurred had the acquisition taken place as of the date noted below. The pro-forma amounts presented below also consider the effects of the fair value adjustments recorded on the assets acquired and liabilities assumed throughout the measurement period. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our consolidated financial statements reflect the actual results of operations of the merged businesses.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2021
	(in millions)
Net revenues	$	3,276.4
Net income	$	72.3

Supplemental Information of Operating Results

The following table presents net revenues and net loss attributable to Topgolf included in our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 (in millions):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2021
Net revenues	$	1,087.6
Net loss	$	(29.6)