<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2024 Workiva-->
<!--r:deb85e06-f745-4fcd-b01b-2bb9fb0125d9,g:f88c6d1d-2bc0-4c28-82c0-8e8c2013f6b9-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:modg="http://www.topgolfcallawaybrands.com/20240417" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://www.topgolfcallawaybrands.com/20240417">
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei-sub/2024" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-sub-2024.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd-sub/2024" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-sub-2024.xsd"/>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:appinfo/>
  </xs:annotation>
</xs:schema>
