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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended August 2, 2025

OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition period from ________ to _________

Commission file number 1-11084

KOHL’S CORP ORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Wisconsin |  | 39-1630919
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
N56 W17000 Ridgewood Drive, Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin |  | 53051
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (262) 703-7000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value | KSS | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated Filer |  | ☐
Non-Accelerated Filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller Reporting Company |  | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging Growth Company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: August 29, 2025 Common Stock, Par Value $0.01 per Share, 112,074,683 shares outstanding.

KOHL’S C ORPORATION

INDEX

PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 3
Item 1. | Financial Statements: | 3
| Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Operations | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 16
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 25
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 25
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | 26
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 26
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 26
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 26
Item 5. | Other Information | 26
Item 6. | Exhibits | 27
| Signatures | 28

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCI AL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financi al Statements

KOHL’S CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED B ALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in Millions) | August 2, 2025 | February 1, 2025 | August 3, 2024
Assets | (Unaudited) | (Audited) | (Unaudited)
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $174 | $134 | $231
Merchandise inventories | 2,994 | 2,945 | 3,151
Other | 306 | 309 | 331
Total current assets | 3,474 | 3,388 | 3,713
Property and equipment, net | 7,113 | 7,297 | 7,502
Operating leases | 2,363 | 2,394 | 2,507
Other assets | 441 | 480 | 458
Total assets | $13,391 | $13,559 | $14,180
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $1,134 | $1,042 | $1,317
Accrued liabilities | 1,159 | 1,263 | 1,185
Borrowings under revolving credit facility | 75 | 290 | 410
Current portion of: |  |  |
Long-term debt | — | 353 | 353
Finance leases and financing obligations | 84 | 81 | 81
Operating leases | 96 | 102 | 92
Total current liabilities | 2,548 | 3,131 | 3,438
Long-term debt | 1,520 | 1,174 | 1,173
Finance leases and financing obligations | 2,409 | 2,456 | 2,574
Operating leases | 2,672 | 2,703 | 2,795
Deferred income taxes | 54 | 28 | 95
Other long-term liabilities | 261 | 265 | 275
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |
Common stock | 1 | 1 | 2
Paid-in capital | 3,578 | 3,560 | 3,546
Treasury stock, at cost | (771) | (767) | (2,579)
Retained earnings | 1,119 | 1,008 | 2,861
Total shareholders’ equity | $3,927 | $3,802 | $3,830
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $13,391 | $13,559 | $14,180

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

3

Table of Contents

KOHL’S CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STAT EMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions, Except per Share Data) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024
Net sales | $3,347 | $3,525 | $6,396 | $6,703
Other revenue | 199 | 207 | 383 | 411
Total revenue | 3,546 | 3,732 | 6,779 | 7,114
Cost of merchandise sold | 2,011 | 2,128 | 3,845 | 4,051
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
Selling, general, and administrative | 1,199 | 1,250 | 2,363 | 2,478
Depreciation and amortization | 175 | 188 | 350 | 376
Impairments, store closing, and other costs | 11 | — | 11 | —
(Gain) on legal settlement | (129) | — | (129) | —
Operating income | 279 | 166 | 339 | 209
Interest expense, net | 78 | 86 | 154 | 169
Income before income taxes | 201 | 80 | 185 | 40
Provision for income taxes | 48 | 14 | 46 | 1
Net income | $153 | $66 | $139 | $39
Net income per share: |  |  |  |
Basic | $1.37 | $0.59 | $1.24 | $0.35
Diluted | $1.35 | $0.59 | $1.23 | $0.35

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

4

Table of Contents

KOHL’S CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHA NGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions, Except per Share Data) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024
Common stock |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period | $1 | $2 | $1 | $2
Stock-based awards | — | — | — | —
Balance, end of period | $1 | $2 | $1 | $2
Paid-in capital |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period | $3,570 | $3,539 | $3,560 | $3,528
Stock-based awards | 8 | 7 | 18 | 18
Balance, end of period | $3,578 | $3,546 | $3,578 | $3,546
Treasury stock |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period | $(771) | $(2,579) | $(767) | $(2,571)
Stock-based awards | — | — | (4) | (9)
Dividends paid | — | — | — | 1
Balance, end of period | $(771) | $(2,579) | $(771) | $(2,579)
Retained earnings |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period | $979 | $2,851 | $1,008 | $2,934
Net income | 153 | 66 | 139 | 39
Dividends paid | (14) | (56) | (28) | (112)
Balance, end of period | $1,119 | $2,861 | $1,119 | $2,861
Total shareholders' equity, end of period | $3,927 | $3,830 | $3,927 | $3,830
Common stock |  |  |  |
Shares, beginning of period | 127 | 161 | 126 | 161
Stock-based awards | — | — | 1 | —
Shares, end of period | 127 | 161 | 127 | 161
Treasury stock |  |  |  |
Shares, beginning of period | (15) | (50) | (15) | (50)
Stock-based awards | — | — | — | —
Shares, end of period | (15) | (50) | (15) | (50)
Total shares outstanding, end of period | 112 | 111 | 112 | 111
Dividends paid per common share | $0.125 | $0.50 | $0.25 | $1.00

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Totals may not foot due to rounding

5

Table of Contents

KOHL’S CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEM ENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

| Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024
Operating activities |  |
Net income | $139 | $39
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 350 | 376
Share-based compensation | 17 | 16
Deferred income taxes | 28 | (15)
Impairments, store closing, and other costs | 11 | —
Non-cash lease expense | 43 | 44
Other non-cash items | 3 | 11
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |
Merchandise inventories | (48) | (269)
Other current and long-term assets | 31 | (59)
Accounts payable | 93 | 183
Accrued and other long-term liabilities | (105) | (25)
Operating lease liabilities | (56) | (54)
Net cash provided by operating activities | 506 | 247
Investing activities |  |
Acquisition of property and equipment | (200) | (239)
Proceeds from sale of real estate | 21 | —
Other | — | 2
Net cash used in investing activities | (179) | (237)
Financing activities |  |
Proceeds from issuance of debt, net of discount | 357 | —
Deferred financing costs | (8) | —
Net (repayments) borrowings under revolving credit facility | (215) | 318
Shares withheld for taxes on vested restricted shares | (4) | (9)
Dividends paid | (28) | (111)
Repayment of long-term borrowings | (353) | (113)
Premium paid on redemption of debt | — | (5)
Finance lease and financing obligation payments | (46) | (42)
Proceeds from financing obligations | 10 | —
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (287) | 38
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 40 | 48
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 134 | 183
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $174 | $231
Supplemental information |  |
Interest paid, net of capitalized interest | $147 | $163

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

6

Table of Contents

KOHL’S CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for fiscal year end Consolidated Financial Statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. For further information, refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and related footnotes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025 (Commission File No. 1-11084) as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Certain amounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements and related footnotes may not foot or crossfoot due to rounding.

Due to the seasonality of the business of Kohl’s Corporation (the “Company,” “Kohl’s,” “we,” “our,” or “us”), results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be achieved for a full fiscal year.

Reportable Segments

We are an omnichannel retailer that operates as a single reportable segment. Our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is our Chief Executive Officer. The net income presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations is the financial information reviewed by the CODM. The CODM assesses the performance of the Company and decides how to allocate resources using net income that is reported on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Net income is used to monitor budget versus actual results. The CODM regularly reviews information consistent with the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Supplier Finance Programs

The Company has an agreement with a third-party financing provider to facilitate a supplier financing program. The program provides participating suppliers the option to receive outstanding payment obligations of the Company early at a discount. The Company’s obligations to its suppliers, including amounts due and scheduled payment terms, are not impacted by suppliers’ decisions to finance amounts under the program. All amounts payable to the financial institution relating to suppliers participating in the program are recorded in Accounts Payable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and were $226 million as of August 2, 2025 and $97 million as of February 1, 2025.

Restructuring Reserve

We recognized $11 million of Impairments, store closing, and other costs in the second quarter. Included in this amount was $11 million of non-cash charges related to asset impairments, $7 million of severance, and $4 million of other costs primarily related to the closure of our Monroe, Ohio E-commerce Fulfillment Center. We also reversed $11 million of other exit costs initially recognized in the fourth quarter of 2024, related to the closure of our San Bernardino, California E-commerce Fulfillment Center and 27 underperforming stores due to favorable landlord negotiations.

The following table summarizes the changes in the restructuring reserve related to the closure of our Monroe, Ohio E-commerce Fulfillment Center, for the six months ended August 2, 2025:

(Dollars in Millions) | Severance | Other Exit Costs | Total Costs
Balance - February 1, 2025 | $— | $— | $—
Additions | 7 | 4 | 11
Payments and reversals | — | (4) | (4)
Balance - August 2, 2025 | $7 | $— | $7

7

Table of Contents

The following table summarizes the changes in the restructuring reserve established in the fourth quarter of 2024, related to the closure of our San Bernardino E-commerce Fulfillment Center and 27 underperforming stores, for the six m onths ended August 2, 2025:

(Dollars in Millions) | Severance | Other Exit Costs | Total Costs
Balance - February 1, 2025 | $14 | $30 | $44
Additions | — | — | —
Payments and reversals | (14) | (27) | (41)
Balance - August 2, 2025 | $— | $3 | $3

Charges related to corporate restructuring efforts are recorded in Impairments, store closing, and other costs in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Interchange Fee Settlement

During the second quarter of 2025, we entered into a settlement agreement to resolve a credit card interchange fee lawsuit in which we were a plaintiff. As a result of this lump-sum settlement, we recognized a gain of $129 million, net of legal fees, in (Gain) on legal settlement in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Issued but not yet Effective

In 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which establishes new income tax disclosure requirements in addition to modifying and eliminating certain existing requirements. ASU 2023-09 requires entities to consistently categorize and provide greater disaggregation of information within the income tax reconciliation to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature and magnitude of factors contributing to the difference between the effective and statutory tax rates. For public entities, the provisions within ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and for interim periods of fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. We are currently finalizing our assessment of the impact ASU 2023-09 will have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures and will include within our upcoming 2025 Form 10-K.

In 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”), which requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. For public entities, the provisions within ASU 2024-03 are effective for the first annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The provisions within ASU 2024-03 are required to be applied prospectively; however, they may be applied retrospectively for all comparative periods following the effective date. We are currently assessing the impact the adoption of ASU 2024-03 will have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.

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2. Revenue Recognition

The following table summarizes net sales by line of business:

| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024
Women's | $943 | $1,004 | $1,794 | $1,927
Accessories (including Sephora) | 673 | 666 | 1,319 | 1,284
Men's | 689 | 740 | 1,273 | 1,340
Home | 406 | 436 | 776 | 828
Children's | 335 | 359 | 647 | 703
Footwear | 301 | 320 | 587 | 621
Net sales | $3,347 | $3,525 | $6,396 | $6,703

Unredeemed gift cards and merchandise return card liabilities totaled $242 million as of August 2, 2025, $308 million as of February 1, 2025, and $270 million as of August 3, 2024. In the second quarter of 2025 and 2024, net sales of $28 million and $31 million, respectively, were recognized from gift cards redeemed in the current period and issued in prior years. Year to date 2025 and 2024, net sales of $82 million and $88 million, respectively, were recognized from gift cards redeemed during the current year and issued in prior years.

3. Debt

Outstanding borrowings under the $1.5 billion revolving credit facility, recorded as short-term debt, were $75 million as of August 2, 2025, $290 million as of February 1, 2025, and $410 million as of August 3, 2024.

Long-term debt, which excludes borrowings on the revolving credit facility, consists of the following secured and unsecured debt:

|  |  | Outstanding
Maturity (Dollars in Millions) | Effective Rate at Issuance | Coupon Rate | August 2, 2025 | February 1, 2025 | August 3, 2024
2025 | 4.25% | 4.25% | $— | $353 | $353
2029 | 7.36% | 7.25% | 42 | 42 | 42
2030 | 10.25% | 10.00% | 360 | — | —
2031 | 3.40% | 5.13% | 500 | 500 | 500
2033 | 6.05% | 6.00% | 112 | 112 | 112
2037 | 6.89% | 6.88% | 101 | 101 | 101
2045 | 5.57% | 5.55% | 427 | 427 | 427
Outstanding secured and unsecured senior debt |  |  | 1,542 | 1,535 | 1,535
Unamortized debt discounts and deferred financing costs |  |  | (22) | (8) | (9)
Current portion of secured and unsecured senior debt |  |  | — | (353) | (353)
Long-term secured and unsecured senior debt |  |  | $1,520 | $1,174 | $1,173
Effective interest rate at issuance |  |  | 6.13% | 4.73% | 4.73%

Our estimated fair value of secured and unsecured senior long-term debt is determined using Level 1 inputs, using financial instruments with unadjusted, quoted prices listed on active market exchanges. The estimated fair value of our secured and unsecured senior debt was $1.1 billion at August 2, 2025, $1.2 billion at February 1, 2025, and $1.2 billion at August 3, 2024.

In December 2024, S&P downgraded our senior unsecured credit rating from BB to BB- and Moody’s downgraded our rating from Ba3 to B1. As a result of the downgrades, the interest rate on our 3.375% notes due May 2031 increased an additional 50 basis points in May 2025 due to the coupon adjustment provision within the notes. During the second

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quarter 2025, Moody's downgraded our senior unsecured credit rating from B1 to B3, however, further downgrades by Moody's do not trigger incremental interest rate increases. In total, the interest rate on the notes due May 2031 have increased 175 basis points since their issuance.

In May 2025, we issued $360 million aggregate principal amount of 10.000% senior secured notes due 2030 and received proceeds of $357 million, net of the debt discount. The notes are guaranteed by certain of our subsidiaries. Certain of these guarantees are secured by eleven distribution centers and E-commerce Fulfillment Centers, which are held by our subsidiaries, as well as the equity interests in one of our subsidiaries. The terms of the notes contain covenants that limit Kohl’s ability to grant or incur liens on the collateral; incur, assume or guarantee additional indebtedness; sell or otherwise dispose of assets that are collateral; and make certain restricted payments. Additionally, upon the occurrence of certain change of control repurchase events, we would be required to offer to repurchase the notes for at least 101% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes being repurchased, plus all accrued but unpaid interest as of the date of repurchase. Further, the terms of the notes set forth certain events of default after which the notes may be declared immediately due and payable and set forth certain types of bankruptcy or insolvency events of default.

In July 2025, $353 million in aggregate principal amount of our 4.25% notes matured and were repaid.

In the second quarter of 2024, we completed a voluntary redemption of the remaining $113 million outstanding 9.50% notes due May 15, 2025.

Our various debt agreements contain covenants including limitations on additional indebtedness and certain financial tests. As of August 2, 2025, we were in compliance with all covenants of the various debt agreements.

4. Leases

We lease certain property and equipment used in our operations. Some of our store leases include additional rental payments based on a percentage of sales over contractual levels or payments that are adjusted periodically for inflation. Our typical store lease has an initial term of 20 to 25 years and four to eight five-year renewal options.

Lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term. Lease assets are recognized at commencement date based on the value of the lease liability and are adjusted for any lease payments made to the lessor at or before commencement date, minus any lease incentives received and any initial direct costs incurred by the lessee.

Lease liabilities represent our contractual obligation to make lease payments and include renewal options that are reasonably assured of being exercised. At the commencement date, the lease liabilities equal the present value of minimum lease payments over the accounting lease term. As the implicit interest rate is not readily identifiable in our leases, we estimate our collateralized incremental borrowing rate to calculate the present value of lease payments.

Leases with a term of 12 months or less are excluded from the balance; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We combine lease and non-lease components for new and modified leases.

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The following tables summarize our operating and finance leases, which are predominately store related, and where they are presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements:

Consolidated Balance Sheets |  |  |
(Dollars in Millions) | Classification | August 2, 2025 | February 1, 2025 | August 3, 2024
Assets |  |  |  |
Operating leases | Operating leases | $2,363 | $2,394 | $2,507
Finance leases | Property and equipment, net | 1,612 | 1,666 | 1,763
Total operating and finance leases | $3,975 | $4,060 | $4,270
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Current |  |  |  |
Operating leases | Current portion of operating leases | 96 | 102 | 92
Finance leases | Current portion of finance leases and financing obligations | 75 | 72 | 73
Noncurrent |  |  |  |
Operating leases | Operating leases | 2,672 | 2,703 | 2,795
Finance leases | Finance leases and financing obligations | 1,959 | 2,008 | 2,138
Total operating and finance leases | $4,802 | $4,885 | $5,098

Consolidated Statement of Operations | Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) | Classification | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024
Operating leases | Selling, general, and administrative | $68 | $69 | $135 | $138
Finance leases |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of leased assets | Depreciation and amortization | 27 | 29 | 54 | 58
Interest on leased assets | Interest expense, net | 30 | 35 | 60 | 71
Total operating and finance leases |  | $125 | $133 | $249 | $267

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of leased liabilities |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $146 | $134
Operating cash flows from finance leases | 59 | 69
Financing cash flows from finance leases | 42 | 38

The following table summarizes future lease payments by fiscal year:

| August 2, 2025
(Dollars in Millions) | Operating Leases | Finance Leases | Total
2025 | $129 | $90 | $219
2026 | 264 | 189 | 453
2027 | 262 | 188 | 450
2028 | 258 | 183 | 441
2029 | 257 | 180 | 437
After 2029 | 3,729 | 2,735 | 6,464
Total lease payments | $4,899 | $3,565 | $8,464
Amount representing interest | (2,131) | (1,531) | (3,662)
Lease liabilities | $2,768 | $2,034 | $4,802

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Total lease payments include $3.7 billion related to options to extend operating lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised and $2.7 billion related to options to extend finance lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised. Additionally, total lease payments exclude $9 million of legally binding lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced.

The following table summarizes weighted-average remaining lease term, weighted-average remaining contractually obligated lease term, and discount rate:

| August 2, 2025 | February 1, 2025
Weighted-average remaining term (years) |  |
Operating leases | 19 | 19
Finance leases | 18 | 19
Weighted-average remaining contractually obligated term (years) |  |
Operating leases | 4 | 4
Finance leases | 5 | 5
Weighted-average discount rate |  |
Operating leases | 6% | 6%
Finance leases | 6% | 6%

The remaining contractually obligated term represents only the remaining noncancelable portion of the leases.

Other lease information is as follows:

| Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024
Property and equipment acquired (disposed) through exchange of: |  |
Finance lease liabilities | $(5) | $(70)
Operating lease liabilities | 20 | 60

Financing Obligations

Historical failed sale-leasebacks that did not qualify for sale-leaseback accounting upon adoption of ASC 842 continue to be accounted for as financing obligations.

The following tables summarize our financing obligations, which are all store related, and where they are presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements:

Consolidated Balance Sheets |  |  |
(Dollars in Millions) | Classification | August 2, 2025 | February 1, 2025 | August 3, 2024
Assets |  |  |  |
Financing obligations | Property and equipment, net | $37 | $39 | $42
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Current | Current portion of finance leases and financing obligations | 9 | 9 | 8
Noncurrent | Finance leases and financing obligations | 450 | 448 | 436
Total financing obligations | $459 | $457 | $444

Consolidated Statement of Operations | Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) | Classification | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024
Amortization of financing obligation assets | Depreciation and amortization | $1 | $1 | $2 | $2
Interest on financing obligations | Interest expense, net | 19 | 19 | 37 | 37
Total financing obligations |  | $20 | $20 | $39 | $39

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Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024
Cash paid for and proceeds from amounts included in the measurement of financing obligations |  |
Operating cash flows from financing obligations | $36 | $36
Financing cash flows from financing obligations | 4 | 4
Proceeds from financing obligations | 10 | —

The following table summarizes future financing obligation payments by fiscal year:

| August 2, 2025
(Dollars in Millions) | Financing Obligations
2025 | $40
2026 | 82
2027 | 81
2028 | 78
2029 | 77
After 2029 | 1,108
Total financing obligation payments | $1,466
Non-cash gain on future sale of property | 116
Amount representing interest | (1,123)
Financing obligation liability | $459

Total financing obligation payments include $1.1 billion related to options to extend terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised.

The following table summarizes the weighted-average remaining term, weighted-average remaining contractually obligated term, and discount rate for financing obligations:

| August 2, 2025 | February 1, 2025
Weighted-average remaining term (years) | 15 | 16
Weighted-average remaining contractually obligated term (years) | 5 | 5
Weighted-average discount rate | 16% | 16%

The remaining contractually obligated term represents only the remaining noncancelable portion of the financing obligations.

5. Share-Based Awards

The following table summarizes our share-based awards activity for the six months ended August 2, 2025:

| Restricted Stock Awards and Units | Performance Share Units
(Shares and Units in Thousands) | Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | Units | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance - February 1, 2025 | 4,863 | $23.51 | 1,376 | $26.35
Granted | 2,079 | 9.08 | 1,943 | 9.02
Vested and released | (1,292) | 28.53 | — | —
Forfeited | (1,935) | 12.97 | (738) | 11.41
Balance - August 2, 2025 | 3,715 | $19.17 | 2,581 | $17.58

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In 2019, we issued 1,747,441 stock warrants. All 1,747,441 warrants were vested and unexercised as of August 2, 2025, February 1, 2025, and August 3, 2024. The warrants will expire on April 18, 2026.

6. Contingencies

We are subject to certain legal proceedings and claims arising out of the ordinary conduct of our business. In the opinion of management, the outcome of these proceedings and claims will not have a material adverse effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

7. Income Taxes

The effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2025 was 23.8% compared to 17.8% for the second quarter of 2024. Year to date, the tax rate was 25.0% and 3.4% for 2025 and 2024, respectively. The 2024 tax rates reflect the recognition of net favorable tax items, which decreased the tax rate from the statutory rate.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the "Act") was enacted and signed into law. The Act restores and makes permanent a number of corporate tax provisions, such as full expensing for US-based research and development expenditures and capital investments, as well as the calculation of the business interest expense limitation. The Company has evaluated the provisions of the Act and determined that while the legislation impacts the timing of certain tax deductions, it does not result in a material change to Kohl's effective tax rate.

8. Net Income Per Share

Basic net income per share is net income divided by the average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share includes incremental shares assumed for share-based awards and stock warrants. The potentially dilutive shares outstanding during the period include unvested restricted stock units, unvested restricted stock awards, and warrants, which utilize the treasury stock method, as well as unvested performance share units that utilize the contingently issuable share method. Potentially dilutive shares are excluded from the computations of diluted earnings per share if their effect would be anti-dilutive.

The information required to compute basic and diluted net income per share is as follows:

| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended
(Dollars and Shares in Millions, Except per Share Data) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024
Numerator—Net income | $153 | $66 | $139 | $39
Denominator—Weighted-average shares: |  |  |  |
Basic | 112 | 111 | 112 | 111
Dilutive impact | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1
Diluted | 114 | 112 | 113 | 112
Net income per share: |  |  |  |
Basic | $1.37 | $0.59 | $1.24 | $0.35
Diluted | $1.35 | $0.59 | $1.23 | $0.35

The following potential shares of common stock were excluded from the diluted net income per share calculation because their effect would have been anti-dilutive:

| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended
(Shares in Millions) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024
Anti-dilutive shares | 5 | 4 | 6 | 4

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9. Subsequent Events

On August 12, 2025, the Board of Directors of Kohl's Corporation declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.125 per share. The divid end will be paid on September 24, 2025, to all shareholders of record at the close of business on September 10, 2025.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis o f Financial Condition and Results of Operations

For purposes of the following discussion, unless noted, all references to "the quarter” and “the second quarter” are for the three fiscal months (13 weeks) ended August 2, 2025 or August 3, 2024. References to "year to date" and "first half" are for the six fiscal months (26 weeks) ended August 2, 2025 or August 3, 2024. References to "first quarter" are for the three fiscal months (13 weeks) ended May 3, 2025 or May 4, 2024.

This Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” made within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as "believes," "anticipates," "plans," "may," "intends," "will," "should," "expects," and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include certain statements under Management's Discussion and Analysis and the statements under 2025 Financial and Capital Allocation Outlook and may include comments about our future sales or financial performance and our plans, performance and other objectives, expectations or intentions, such as statements regarding our liquidity, debt service requirements, planned capital expenditures, future store initiatives, adequacy of capital resources and reserves, and the impact of macroeconomic events, including inflation, consumer behavior, and changes in global trade policies, such as tariffs, and our response to such events. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s then-current views and assumptions and, as a result, are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Any such forward-looking statements are qualified by the important risk factors, described in Part I Item 1A of our 2024 Form 10-K, in Part II Item 1A of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the first quarter of 2025, or disclosed from time to time in our filings with the SEC, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those predicted by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements relate to the date initially made, and we undertake no obligation to update them. Certain amounts set forth below may not foot or crossfoot due to rounding.

Executive Summary

Kohl's is a leading omnichannel retailer operating 1,153 stores and a website (www.Kohls.com) as of August 2, 2025. Our Kohl's stores and website sell moderately-priced private and national brand apparel, footwear, accessories, beauty, and home products. Our Kohl's stores generally carry a consistent merchandise assortment with some differences attributable to local preferences, store size, and Sephora at Kohl's shop-in-shops ("Sephora shops"). Our website includes merchandise which is available in our stores, as well as merchandise that is available only online.

Key financial results for the second quarter include:

•
Net sales decreased 5.1%, to $3.3 billion, with comparable sales down 4.2%.
•
Gross margin as a percentage of net sales was 39.9%, an increase of 28 basis points.
•
Selling, general, and administrative ("SG&A") expenses decreased 4.1%, to $1.2 billion. As a percentage of total revenue, SG&A expenses were 33.8%, an increase of 32 basis points year-over-year.
•
Gain on legal settlement was $129 million from a credit card interchange fee lawsuit.
•
Operating income was $279 million compared to $166 million in the prior year. As a percentage of total revenue, operating income was 7.9%, an increase of 343 basis points year-over-year.
•
On an adjusted non-GAAP basis, our adjusted operating income was $161 million.(a)
•
Net income was $153 million, or $1.35 per diluted share. This compares to net income of $66 million, or $0.59 per diluted share, in the prior year.
•
On an adjusted non-GAAP basis, our adjusted net income was $64 million, or $0.56 per adjusted diluted share.(a)

(a)
Non-GAAP financial measures. Please see the “GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliation” for a reconciliation of operating income to adjusted operating income, net income to adjusted net income, and diluted earnings per share to adjusted diluted earnings per share.

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•
Inventory was $3.0 billion, a decrease of 5% year-over-year.
•
Operating cash flow was $598 million compared to $254 million in the prior year.
•
Borrowings under revolving credit facility were $75 million, a decrease of $335 million year-over-year.
•
Current portion of long term debt was reduced by $353 million through repayment of the 4.25% notes due July 2025 at maturity.
•
Long term debt increased $347 million through issuance of $360 million of 10.000% senior secured notes due 2030.

Our Strategy

Kohl's remains committed to driving long-term shareholder value by providing our customers with great product, great value, and a great experience. To achieve this, we will offer a curated balanced assortment, reestablish Kohl’s to be a leader in value and quality, and deliver a frictionless experience to customers across our omnichannel platforms.

2025 Financial and Capital Allocation Outlook

For the full year 2025, the Company expects the following:

•
Net sales: A decrease of (5%) to a decrease of (6%)
•
Comparable sales: A decrease of (4%) to a decrease of (5%)
•
Adjusted operating margin: In the range of 2.5% to 2.7% (a)
•
Adjusted diluted earnings per share: In the range of $0.50 to $0.80 (a)
•
Capital expenditures: Approximately $400 million
•
Dividend: On August 12, 2025, Kohl’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend on the Company’s common stock of $0.125 per share. The dividend is payable September 24, 2025 to shareholders of record at the close of business on September 10, 2025.

(a)
Non-GAAP financial measures. The Company provides adjusted operating margin and adjusted diluted earnings per share on a non-GAAP basis and does not provide a reconciliation of the Company’s forward looking guidance to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures because of the inherent difficulty in forecasting and quantifying certain amounts that are necessary for such reconciliations.

Results of Operations

Total Revenue

| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | Change | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | Change
Net sales | $3,347 | $3,525 | $(178) | $6,396 | $6,703 | $(307)
Other revenue | 199 | 207 | (8) | 383 | 411 | (28)
Total revenue | $3,546 | $3,732 | $(186) | $6,779 | $7,114 | $(335)

Net sales includes revenue from the sale of merchandise, net of expected returns and deferrals due to future performance obligations, and shipping revenue.

Net sales decreased 5.1% in the second quarter of 2025 and 4.6% year to date 2025.

•
The decreases in the second quarter and year to date were driven by decreases in average transaction value of approximately 1% for both periods, and decreases in transaction volume of approximately 4% for both periods.
•
In both the second quarter and year to date, sales decreased across all lines of business, except for Accessories, which increased approximately 1% in the second quarter and 3% year to date.

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| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | Change | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | Change
Women's | $943 | $1,004 | (6.1%) | $1,794 | $1,927 | (6.9%)
Accessories (including Sephora) | 673 | 666 | 1.1% | 1,319 | 1,284 | 2.7%
Men's | 689 | 740 | (6.9%) | 1,273 | 1,340 | (5.0%)
Home | 406 | 436 | (6.9%) | 776 | 828 | (6.3%)
Children's | 335 | 359 | (6.7%) | 647 | 703 | (8.0%)
Footwear | 301 | 320 | (5.9%) | 587 | 621 | (5.5%)
Net sales | $3,347 | $3,525 | (5.1%) | $6,396 | $6,703 | (4.6%)

Comparable sales decreased 4.2% in the second quarter of 2025 and 4.0% year to date 2025. Comparable sales is a measure that highlights the performance of our stores and digital channel by measuring the change in sales for a period over the comparable, prior-year period of equivalent length. Comparable sales includes all store and digital sales, except sales from stores open less than twelve months, stores that have been closed, and stores that have been relocated where square footage has changed by more than 10%.

Digital sales decreased 2.9% in the second quarter of 2025 and 5.2% year to date 2025. Digital penetration represented 26% of net sales in the second quarter of 2025 and 25% year to date 2025, compared to 25% in the second quarter and first half of 2024. We measure the change in digital sales by including all sales initiated online or through mobile applications, including omnichannel transactions which are fulfilled through our stores. We measure digital penetration as digital sales over net sales. These amounts do not take into consideration fulfillment node, digital returns processed in stores, and coupon behaviors.

Comparable sales and digital penetration measures vary across the retail industry. As a result, our comparable sales calculation and digital penetration may not be consistent with the similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

Other revenue includes revenue from credit card operations, third-party advertising on our website, unused gift cards and merchandise return cards (breakage), and other non-merchandise revenue.

Other revenue decreased $8 million in the second quarter of 2025 and $28 million year to date 2025. The decreases in both periods is driven by certain credit card expenses shifting against other revenue as we moved part of our account servicing to the third party that owns the accounts.

Cost of Merchandise Sold and Gross Margin

| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | Change | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | Change
Net sales | $3,347 | $3,525 | $(178) |  | $6,396 | $6,703 | $(307) |
Cost of merchandise sold | 2,011 | 2,128 | (117) |  | 3,845 | 4,051 | (206) |
Gross margin | $1,336 | $1,397 | $(61) |  | $2,551 | $2,652 | $(101) |
Gross margin as a percent of net sales | 39.9% | 39.6% | 28 | bps | 39.9% | 39.6% | 33 | bps

Cost of merchandise sold includes the total cost of products sold, including product development costs, net of vendor payments other than reimbursement of specific, incremental, and identifiable costs; inventory shrink; markdowns; freight expenses associated with moving merchandise from our vendors to our distribution centers; shipping expenses for digital sales; and terms cash discount. Our cost of merchandise sold may not be comparable with that of other retailers because we include distribution center and buying costs in selling, general, and administrative expenses while other retailers may include these expenses in cost of merchandise sold.

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Gross margin is calculated as net sales less cost of merchandise sold. Gross Margin was 39.9% of net sales for both the first quarter and first half of 2025, an increase of 28 and 33 basis points to last year, respectively. The increase in both periods was driven by merchandise mix, inventory management of receipts down 16% in the quarter and 12% year to date, and moderating shrink levels.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expense

| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | Change | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | Change
SG&A | $1,199 | $1,250 | $(51) |  | $2,363 | $2,478 | $(115) |
As a percent of total revenue | 33.8% | 33.5% | 32 | bps | 34.9% | 34.8% | 2 | bps

SG&A includes compensation and benefit costs (including stores, corporate, buying, and distribution centers); occupancy and operating costs of our retail, distribution, and corporate facilities; freight expenses associated with moving merchandise from our distribution centers to our retail stores and among distribution and retail facilities other than expenses to fulfill digital sales; marketing expenses, offset by vendor payments for reimbursement of specific, incremental, and identifiable costs; expenses related to our credit card operations; and other administrative revenues and expenses. We do not include depreciation and amortization in SG&A. The classification of these expenses varies across the retail industry.

Many of our expenses, including store payroll and distribution costs, are variable in nature. These costs generally increase as sales increase and decrease as sales decrease. We measure our expenses as a percentage of revenue and changes in this percentage compared to the prior year. If the expense as a percent of revenue decreased from the prior year, the expense "leveraged." If the expense as a percent of revenue increased over the prior year, the expense "deleveraged."

The following table summarizes the changes in SG&A by expense type:

| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) | August 2, 2025 | August 2, 2025
Store expenses | $(21) | $(43)
Marketing | (13) | (35)
Distribution | (12) | (20)
Corporate and other | (5) | (17)
Total decrease | $(51) | $(115)

During the second quarter, SG&A expenses decreased $51 million, or 4.1%, to $1.2 billion. As a percentage of revenue, SG&A deleveraged by 32 basis points. Year to date 2025, SG&A expenses decreased $115 million, or 4.7%, to $2.4 billion. As a percentage of revenue, SG&A deleveraged by 2 basis points. The decreases for both periods are driven by lower store payroll, marketing, and distribution costs, as well as a shift of certain corporate credit card expenses to other revenue due to moving part of our account servicing to the third party that owns the accounts. Without the shift of certain corporate credit expenses, SG&A expenses would have decreased to last year 2.4% for the second quarter and 3.1% for the first half of 2025.

Other Expenses

| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | Change | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | Change
Depreciation and amortization | $175 | $188 | $(13) | $350 | $376 | $(26)
Impairments, store closing, and other costs | 11 | — | 11 | 11 | — | 11
(Gain) on legal settlement | (129) | — | (129) | (129) | — | (129)
Interest expense, net | 78 | 86 | (8) | 154 | 169 | (15)

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The decrease in depreciation and amortization in the second quarter and first half of 2025 was primarily driven by lower capital spend and closed locations.

We recognized $11 million of Impairments, store closing, and other costs in the second quarter. Included in this amount was $11 million of non-cash charges related to asset impairments, $7 million of severance, and $4 million of other costs primarily related to the closure of our Monroe, Ohio E-commerce Fulfillment Center. We also reversed $11 million of other exit costs initially recognized in the fourth quarter of 2024, related to the closure of our San Bernardino, California E-commerce Fulfillment Center and 27 underperforming stores due to favorable landlord negotiations.

In the second quarter, Kohl’s entered into a settlement agreement to resolve a credit card interchange fee lawsuit in which we were a plaintiff. We recorded a gain, net of legal fees, and received cash of $129 million.

Net interest expense decreased in the first half of 2025 due to reductions in lease payments for stores closed earlier this year and a loss on extinguishment of debt in 2024 that was not repeated in 2025, partially offset by interest on our newly issued 2030 notes.

Income Taxes

| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | Change | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | Change
Provision for income taxes | $48 | $14 | $34 | $46 | $1 | $45
Effective tax rate | 23.8% | 17.8% |  | 25.0% | 3.4% |

The 2024 tax rates reflect the recognition of net favorable tax items, which decreases the tax rate from the statutory rate.

GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliation

In addition to reporting our financial results in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for the first half of 2025, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain non-GAAP financial results, including adjusted operating income, adjusted net income, and adjusted diluted earnings per share. These adjusted results exclude the gains, impairments, and other costs associated with the closing of 27 underperforming stores, our San Bernardino, California and Monroe, Ohio E-commerce Fulfillment Centers and settlement of a credit card interchange fee lawsuit, as we believe such items are not representative of our normal business activity. We believe these non-GAAP measures are useful, as they are more representative of our core business, enhance comparability across reporting periods and to industry peers, and align with the measures used by management to evaluate the Company’s performance. The adjusted, non-GAAP results are provided and should be evaluated in addition to, and not as an alternative for, our results reported in accordance with GAAP. Shown in the following table is a reconciliation of each non-GAAP measure referenced throughout this report to the most comparable GAAP measure. No adjustments were made to our results for the first half of fiscal 2024 and therefore these results are not included in the following table. Operating income was $166 million and $209 million in the second quarter and first half of 2024. Net income was $66 million, or $0.59 per diluted share, and $39 million, or $0.35 per diluted share, in the second quarter and first half of 2024.

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(Dollars in Millions, Except per Share Data) | Operating Income | Net Income | Diluted Earnings per Share
Three months ended August 2, 2025 |  |  |
GAAP | $279 | $153 | $1.35
Impairments, store closing, and other costs | 11 | 11 | 0.10
(Gain) on legal settlement | (129) | (129) | (1.14)
Income tax impact of items noted above | — | 29 | 0.25
Adjusted (non-GAAP) | $161 | $64 | $0.56
Six months ended August 2, 2025 |  |  |
GAAP | $339 | $139 | $1.23
Impairments, store closing, and other costs | 11 | 11 | 0.10
(Gain) on legal settlement | (129) | (129) | (1.14)
Income tax impact of items noted above | — | 29 | 0.25
Adjusted (non-GAAP) | $221 | $50 | $0.44

Seasonality and Inflation

Our business, like that of other retailers, is subject to seasonal influences. Sales and income are typically higher during the back-to-school and holiday seasons. Due to the seasonality of our business, results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be achieved for a full fiscal year.

We expect that our operations will continue to be influenced by general economic conditions, including food, fuel and energy prices, higher unemployment, wage inflation, and costs to source our merchandise, including tariffs. During the first half of 2025, the U.S. government announced additional tariffs on a broad range of imports, including certain consumer goods. While these actions did not have a material impact on our year to date results, the global trade environment remains fluid and further actions may increase merchandise costs, affect merchandise availability, and impact our operational results. We have taken proactive measures to reduce our exposure to tariffs by leveraging our diverse factory network to move production, adjusting orders based on pricing elasticity analysis, and working closely with our supplier and vendor base to proactively manage any impacts, with the goal of continuing to drive value to our customers. There can be no assurances that such factors will not impact our business in the future.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Capital Allocation

Our capital allocation strategy is to invest to maximize our overall long-term return and maintain a strong balance sheet. We follow a disciplined approach to capital allocation based on the following priorities: first we invest in our business to drive long-term profitable growth; second we pay a quarterly dividend; third we will capitalize on opportunities to further reduce our debt and overall leverage, when appropriate; and fourth, we return excess cash to shareholders through our share repurchase program.

We will continue to invest in the business, as we plan to invest approximately $400 million in 2025, which includes the investments to complete the roll out of Sephora shops, expansion of impulse queuing lines to nearly all stores, and expansion of our E-commerce Fulfillment Center in Etna, Ohio. On August 12, 2025, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.125 per share. The dividend will be paid on September 24, 2025 to all shareholders of record at the close of business on September 10, 2025. In May, we issued $360 million in aggregate principal amount of 10.000% senior secured notes due 2030; in July, $353 million in aggregate principal amount of our 4.25% notes matured and were repaid. We are not planning any share repurchases during the current year.

Our period-end Cash and cash equivalents balance decreased to $174 million from $231 million in the second quarter of 2024. Our Cash and cash equivalents balance includes short-term investments of $17 million and $10 million as of August 2, 2025, and August 3, 2024, respectively. Our investment policy is designed to preserve principal and liquidity

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of our short-term investments. This policy allows investments in large money market funds or in highly rated direct short-term instruments. We also place dollar limits on our investments in individual funds or instruments.

The following table presents our primary uses and sources of cash:

Cash Uses |  | Cash Sources
• Operational needs, including salaries, rent, taxes, and other operating costs • Inventory • Capital expenditures • Dividend payments • Debt reduction • Share repurchases |  | • Cash flow from operations • Line of credit under our revolving credit facility • Issuance of debt

| Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024 | Change
Net cash provided by (used in): |  |  |
Operating activities | $506 | $247 | $259
Investing activities | (179) | (237) | 58
Financing activities | (287) | 38 | (325)

Operating Activities

Our operating cash outflows generally consist of payments to our employees for wages, salaries and other employee benefits, payments to our merchandise vendors for inventory (net of vendor allowances), payments to our shipping carriers, and payments to our landlords for rent. Operating cash outflows also include payments for income taxes and interest payments on our debt borrowings.

Operating activities generated $506 million of cash in the first half of 2025 compared to $247 million in the first half of 2024. Operating cash flow increased primarily due to inventory management, resulting in managing year to date receipts down 12% versus the prior year. Additionally, the increase was driven by a higher net income, due in part to a $129 million gain recognized during the quarter with respect to settlement of a credit card interchange fee lawsuit.

Investing Activities

Our investing cash outflows include payments for capital expenditures, including investments in new and existing stores, improvements to supply chain, and technology costs. Our investing cash inflows are generally from proceeds from sales of property and real estate.

Investing activities used $179 million of cash in the first half of 2025 compared to $237 million in the first half of 2024. The decrease in cash used in investing activities was primarily driven by our reduced capital expenditure plans for fiscal 2025 which includes lower capital spend on the expansion of our E-commerce Fulfillment Center in Etna, Ohio, which will be completed in the third quarter. Additionally, we received $21 million in proceeds from sale of real estate primarily due to the sale of a corporate property.

At the end of the quarter, we had a Sephora presence in over 1,100 of our stores, including 855 full size 2,500 square foot shops and 294 small format 750 square foot shops. In 2025, we anticipate capital expenditures of approximately $400 million, which includes the investments to complete the roll out of Sephora shops, expansion of impulse queuing lines to nearly all stores, and expansion of our E-commerce Fulfillment Center in Etna, Ohio.

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Financing Activities

Our financing strategy is to ensure adequate liquidity and access to capital markets. We also strive to maintain a balanced portfolio of debt maturities, while minimizing our borrowing costs. Our ability to access the public debt market has provided us with adequate sources of liquidity. Our continued access to these markets depends on multiple factors, including the condition of debt capital markets, our operating performance, and our credit ratings.

During the second quarter, Moody's downgraded our corporate credit rating from Ba3 to B2, and revised their outlook to stable.

As of August 2, 2025, our corporate credit ratings and outlook were as follows:

| Moody’s | S&P | Fitch
Corporate credit | B2 | BB- | BB-
Outlook | Stable | Negative | Negative

In December 2024, S&P downgraded our senior unsecured credit rating from BB to BB- and Moody’s downgraded our rating from Ba3 to B1. As a result of the downgrades, the interest rate on our 3.375% notes due May 2031 increased an additional 50 basis points in May 2025 due to the coupon adjustment provision within the notes. During the second quarter 2025, Moody's downgraded our senior unsecured credit rating from B1 to B3, however, further downgrades by Moody's do not trigger incremental interest rate increases. In total, the interest rate on the notes due May 2031 have increased 175 basis points since their issuance.

The majority of our financing activities generally include proceeds and/or repayments of borrowings under our revolving credit facility and long-term debt, dividend payments, and repurchases of common stock. Financing cash outflows also include payments to our landlords for leases classified as finance leases and financing obligations.

Financing activities used $287 million of cash in the first half of 2025 and generated $38 million of cash in the first half of 2024.

Cash dividend payments were $28 million ($0.25 per share) in the first half of 2025 compared to $111 million ($1.00 per share) in the first half of 2024.

During the first half of 2025, we had net repayments of $215 million on our $1.5 billion credit facility, compared to net borrowings of $318 million in the first half of 2024. Borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility, recorded as short-term debt, were $75 million as of August 2, 2025, and $410 million as of August 3, 2024.

In May 2025, we issued $360 million aggregate principal amount of 10.000% senior secured notes due 2030. We received net proceeds of $357 million after the debt discount. In July 2025, we repaid $353 million of our 4.25% notes at maturity.

In the second quarter of 2024, we completed a voluntary redemption of the remaining $113 million outstanding 9.50% notes due May 15, 2025.

There was no cash used for treasury stock purchases in the first half of 2025 or 2024. Share repurchases are discretionary in nature. The timing and amount of repurchases are based upon available cash balances, our stock price, and other factors. As previously noted, while we are not currently planning for share repurchases, we expect to resume share repurchases over the long-term following improvement in overall leverage.

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Key Financial Ratios

Key financial ratios that provide certain measures of our liquidity are as follows:

(Dollars in Millions) | August 2, 2025 | August 3, 2024
Working capital | $926 | $275
Current ratio | 1.36 | 1.08

Our working capital and inventory levels typically build throughout the fall, peaking during the November and December holiday selling season.

The increases in our working capital and current ratio are driven by the repayment of $353 million of our 4.25% notes that matured during the quarter and decreased borrowings under the revolving credit facility.

Debt Covenant Compliance

Our senior secured, asset based revolving credit facility contains customary events of default and financial, affirmative and negative covenants, including but not limited to, a springing financial covenant relating to our fixed charge coverage ratio and restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, asset dispositions, and restricted payments.

Our $360 million aggregate principal amount of 10.000% senior secured notes due 2030 contain covenants that limit our ability to grant or incur liens on the collateral; incur, assume or guarantee additional indebtedness; sell or otherwise dispose of assets that are collateral; and make certain restricted payments. Additionally, upon the occurrence of certain change of control repurchase events, we would be required to offer to repurchase the notes for at least 101% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes being repurchased, plus all accrued but unpaid interest as of the date of repurchase. Further, the terms of the notes set forth certain events of default after which the notes may be declared immediately due and payable and set forth certain types of bankruptcy or insolvency events of default.

As of August 2, 2025, we were in compliance with all covenants.

Contractual Obligations

Aside from the issuance of $360 million aggregate principal amount of 10.000% senior secured notes due 2030, the repayment of $353 million of our 4.25% notes due 2025 at maturity, and the change in borrowings under our revolving credit facility, which have all been disclosed in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements, there have been no significant changes in the contractual obligations disclosed in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have not provided any financial guarantees arising from arrangements with unconsolidated entities or persons as of August 2, 2025.

We have not created, and are not a party to, any special-purpose or off-balance sheet entities for the purpose of raising capital, incurring debt, or operating our business. We do not have any arrangements or relationships with entities that are not consolidated into our financial statements that are reasonably likely to materially affect our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, or capital resources.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts. Management has discussed the development, selection, and disclosure of its estimates and assumptions with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. There have been no significant changes in the critical accounting policies and estimates discussed in our 2024 Form 10-K.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitat ive Disclosures about Market Risk

There have been no significant changes in the market risks described in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (the “Evaluation”) at a reasonable assurance level as of the last day of the period covered by this report.

Based upon the Evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level. Disclosure controls and procedures are defined by Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") as controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

It should be noted that the design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving our stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended August 2, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTH ER INFORMATION

Item 1. L egal Proceedings

We are not currently party to any material legal proceedings; however, we are subject to certain legal proceedings and claims arising out of the ordinary conduct of our business. In the opinion of management, the outcome of these proceedings and claims will not have a material adverse effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1A. Ri sk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, careful consideration should be taken of the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025 and in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the first quarter of 2025 ended May 3, 2025. These risk factors could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also have a material adverse effect on our business operations.

There have been no significant changes in the Risk Factors described in our 2024 Form 10-K, other than as set out in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended May 3, 2025, in Item 1A of Part II.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

In February 2022, our Board of Directors increased the remaining share repurchase authorization under our existing share repurchase program to $3.0 billion. Purchases under the repurchase program may be made in the open market, through block trades, and other negotiated transactions. We expect to execute the share repurchase program primarily in open market transactions, subject to market conditions. There is no fixed termination date for the repurchase program, and the program may be suspended, discontinued, or accelerated at any time.

The following table contains information for shares of common stock repurchased and shares acquired from employees in lieu of amounts required to satisfy minimum tax withholding requirements upon the vesting of the employees’ stock-based compensation during the three fiscal months ended August 2, 2025:

(Dollars in Millions, Except Share and per Share Data) | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
May 4 - May 31, 2025 | 14,284 | $7.57 | — | $2,476
June 1 - July 5, 2025 | 10,121 | $8.12 | — | $2,476
July 6 - August 2, 2025 | 3,664 | $9.69 | — | $2,476
Total | 28,069 | $8.05 | — |

Item 5. Other Information

Securities Trading Arrangements of Directors and Officers

During the three months ended August 2, 2025, no director or Section 16 officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit |  | Description
4.1 |  | Indenture, dated as of May 30, 2025, by and among Kohl’s Corporation, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 30, 2025.
4.2 |  | Form of 10.000% Senior Secured Notes due 2030 (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed herewith as Exhibit 99.1)., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 30, 2025.
10.1 |  | Letter Agreement between Michael J. Bender and Kohl’s, Inc. dated May 16, 2025, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 20, 2025.
10.2 |  | Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between Michael J. Bender and Kohl’s Corporation dated May 16, 2025, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 20, 2025.
31.1 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101)

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SIGNA TURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| Kohl’s Corporation (Registrant)
Date: September 4, 2025 | /s/ Jill Timm
| Jill Timm On behalf of the Registrant and as Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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