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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020

OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission File Number: 001-33045

ICF International, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware |  | 22-3661438
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
9300 Lee Highway, Fairfax, VA |  | 22031
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (703) 934-3000

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

Title of each class | Trading Symbols(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock | ICFI | NASDAQ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of ‘‘large accelerated filer,’’ ‘‘accelerated filer,’’ ‘‘smaller reporting company,’’ and ‘‘emerging growth company’’ in Rule 12b–2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  |  |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  |  |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
|  |  |  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

As of July 31, 2020, there were 18,848,522 shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock.

ICF INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE

PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 3
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 3
| Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2020 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2019 | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 | 5
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 19
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 30
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 30
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | 31
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 31
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 31
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 31
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 32
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 32
Item 5. | Other Information | 32
Item 6. | Exhibits | 33

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. | Financial Statements

ICF International, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) |  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 9,064 |  |  | $ | 6,482 |
Contract receivables, net |  |  | 224,379 |  |  |  | 261,176 |
Contract assets |  |  | 150,577 |  |  |  | 142,337 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  | 19,566 |  |  |  | 17,402 |
Income tax receivable |  |  | 15,455 |  |  |  | 7,320 |
Total Current Assets |  |  | 419,041 |  |  |  | 434,717 |
Property and Equipment, net |  |  | 61,039 |  |  |  | 58,237 |
Other Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  |  | 905,101 |  |  |  | 719,934 |
Other intangible assets, net |  |  | 66,558 |  |  |  | 25,829 |
Operating lease - right-of-use assets |  |  | 139,189 |  |  |  | 133,965 |
Other assets |  |  | 24,596 |  |  |  | 23,352 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 1,615,524 |  |  | $ | 1,396,034 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | - |
Accounts payable |  |  | 76,785 |  |  |  | 134,578 |
Contract liabilities |  |  | 30,135 |  |  |  | 37,413 |
Operating lease liabilities - current |  |  | 33,028 |  |  |  | 32,500 |
Accrued salaries and benefits |  |  | 57,872 |  |  |  | 52,130 |
Accrued subcontractors and other direct costs |  |  | 36,112 |  |  |  | 45,619 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 25,365 |  |  |  | 35,742 |
Total Current Liabilities |  |  | 269,297 |  |  |  | 337,982 |
Long-term Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  | 440,928 |  |  |  | 164,261 |
Operating lease liabilities - non-current |  |  | 121,921 |  |  |  | 119,250 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 38,118 |  |  |  | 37,621 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 40,157 |  |  |  | 22,369 |
Total Liabilities |  |  | 910,421 |  |  |  | 681,483 |
Contingencies (Note 18) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, par value $.001; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock, par value $.001; 70,000,000 shares authorized; 23,138,271 and 22,846,374 shares issued at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively; 18,848,522 and 18,867,555 shares outstanding at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 23 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 354,200 |  |  |  | 346,795 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 563,322 |  |  |  | 544,840 |
Treasury stock, 4,289,749 and 3,978,819 shares at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively |  |  | (189,011 | ) |  |  | (164,963 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (23,431 | ) |  |  | (12,144 | )
Total Stockholders’ Equity |  |  | 705,103 |  |  |  | 714,551 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  | $ | 1,615,524 |  |  | $ | 1,396,034 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

3

ICF International, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
(in thousands, except per share amounts) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Revenue |  | $ | 353,987 |  |  | $ | 366,717 |  |  | $ | 712,225 |  |  | $ | 707,971 |
Direct costs |  |  | 223,407 |  |  |  | 235,053 |  |  |  | 454,023 |  |  |  | 451,002 |
Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect and selling expenses |  |  | 99,255 |  |  |  | 101,450 |  |  |  | 202,526 |  |  |  | 197,969 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 5,064 |  |  |  | 5,595 |  |  |  | 10,243 |  |  |  | 10,357 |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 3,479 |  |  |  | 2,077 |  |  |  | 6,332 |  |  |  | 4,212 |
Total operating costs and expenses |  |  | 107,798 |  |  |  | 109,122 |  |  |  | 219,101 |  |  |  | 212,538 |
Operating income |  |  | 22,782 |  |  |  | 22,542 |  |  |  | 39,101 |  |  |  | 44,431 |
Interest expense |  |  | (3,908 | ) |  |  | (2,934 | ) |  |  | (7,433 | ) |  |  | (5,387 | )
Other income (loss) |  |  | 349 |  |  |  | 186 |  |  |  | 539 |  |  |  | (226 | )
Income before income taxes |  |  | 19,223 |  |  |  | 19,794 |  |  |  | 32,207 |  |  |  | 38,818 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 5,567 |  |  |  | 5,183 |  |  |  | 7,939 |  |  |  | 8,889 |
Net income |  | $ | 13,656 |  |  | $ | 14,611 |  |  | $ | 24,268 |  |  | $ | 29,929 |
Earnings per Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.73 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |  |  | $ | 1.29 |  |  | $ | 1.59 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.72 |  |  | $ | 0.76 |  |  | $ | 1.27 |  |  | $ | 1.56 |
Weighted-average Shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 18,829 |  |  |  | 18,805 |  |  |  | 18,835 |  |  |  | 18,815 |
Diluted |  |  | 19,020 |  |  |  | 19,133 |  |  |  | 19,120 |  |  |  | 19,213 |
Cash dividends declared per common share |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 0.28 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  | (164 | ) |  |  | (2,853 | ) |  |  | (11,287 | ) |  |  | (2,570 | )
Comprehensive income, net of tax |  | $ | 13,492 |  |  | $ | 11,758 |  |  | $ | 12,981 |  |  | $ | 27,359 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

4

ICF International, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

|  | Six Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 24,268 |  |  | $ | 29,929 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bad debt expense |  |  | 1,153 |  |  |  | 304 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 6,070 |  |  |  | 2,872 |
Non-cash equity compensation |  |  | 6,344 |  |  |  | 7,865 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 16,575 |  |  |  | 14,569 |
Facilities consolidation reserve |  |  | (141 | ) |  |  | (134 | )
Amortization of debt issuance costs |  |  | 403 |  |  |  | 254 |
Impairment of long-lived assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,728 |
Other adjustments, net |  |  | (1,646 | ) |  |  | (450 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effects of acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net contract assets and liabilities |  |  | (15,050 | ) |  |  | (15,508 | )
Contract receivables |  |  | 54,729 |  |  |  | (46,212 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  | (1,866 | ) |  |  | (1,609 | )
Accounts payable |  |  | (65,293 | ) |  |  | (7,569 | )
Accrued salaries and benefits |  |  | 4,658 |  |  |  | 3,535 |
Accrued subcontractors and other direct costs |  |  | (9,227 | ) |  |  | (17,479 | )
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | (8,685 | ) |  |  | (11,460 | )
Income tax receivable and payable |  |  | (8,158 | ) |  |  | (8,733 | )
Other liabilities |  |  | 6,667 |  |  |  | 152 |
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities |  |  | 10,801 |  |  |  | (47,946 | )
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures for property and equipment and capitalized software |  |  | (9,015 | ) |  |  | (14,516 | )
Payments for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired |  |  | (253,090 | ) |  |  | (1,819 | )
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities |  |  | (262,105 | ) |  |  | (16,335 | )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advances from working capital facilities |  |  | 914,507 |  |  |  | 378,474 |
Payments on working capital facilities |  |  | (626,159 | ) |  |  | (290,354 | )
Payments on capital expenditure obligations |  |  | (1,712 | ) |  |  | (1,621 | )
Debt issue costs |  |  | (2,084 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from exercise of options |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 429 |
Dividends paid |  |  | (5,275 | ) |  |  | (5,278 | )
Net payments for stock issuances and buybacks |  |  | (23,024 | ) |  |  | (24,158 | )
Payments on business acquisition liabilities |  |  | (1,924 | ) |  |  | — |
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities |  |  | 254,366 |  |  |  | 57,492 |
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash |  |  | (480 | ) |  |  | 107 |
Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash |  |  | 2,582 |  |  |  | (6,682 | )
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash, Beginning of Period |  |  | 6,482 |  |  |  | 12,986 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash, End of Period |  | $ | 9,064 |  |  | $ | 6,304 |
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 7,875 |  |  | $ | 4,697 |
Income taxes |  | $ | 10,123 |  |  | $ | 15,426 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ICF International, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”), and have been prepared in accordance with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Nature of Operations

The Company provides professional services and technology-based solutions to government and commercial clients, including management, marketing, technology, and policy consulting and implementation services, in our four key client markets: energy, environment, and infrastructure; health, education, and social programs; safety and security; and consumer and financial services. The Company offers a full range of services to these clients throughout the entire life cycle of a policy, program, project, or initiative. Our primary services include: advisory services, program implementation services, analytics services, digital services, and engagement services.

The Company’s major clients are U.S. federal government departments and agencies, most significantly the Department of Health and Human Services, Department of State and Department of Defense. The Company also serves U.S. state (including territories) and local government departments and agencies, international governments, and commercial clients worldwide. Commercial clients include airlines, airports, electric and gas utilities, oil companies, hospitals, health insurers and other health-related companies, banks and other financial services companies, transportation, travel and hospitality firms, non-profits/associations, law firms, manufacturing firms, retail chains, and distribution companies. The term “federal” or “federal government” refers to the U.S. federal government, and “state and local” or “state and local government” refers to U.S. state (including territories) and local governments, unless otherwise indicated.

The Company, incorporated in Delaware, is headquartered in Fairfax, Virginia. It maintains offices throughout the world, including more than 75 offices in the U.S. and U.S. territories and 15 offices in key markets outside the U.S., including offices in the United Kingdom, Belgium, China, India, and Canada.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Areas of the consolidated financial statements where estimates may have the most significant effect include contractual and regulatory reserves, valuation and lives of tangible and intangible assets, contingent consideration related to business acquisitions, impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets, accrued liabilities, revenue recognition and costs to complete fixed-price contracts, bonus and other incentive compensation, stock-based compensation, reserves for tax benefits and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, provisions for income taxes, collectability of receivables, and loss accruals for litigation. Actual results experienced by the Company may differ from management's estimates.

Interim Results

The unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These rules and regulations permit some of the information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements, prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, to be condensed or omitted. In management’s opinion, the unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments that are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations and financial position of the Company for the interim periods presented. The Company reports operating results and financial data in one operating segment and reporting unit. Operating results for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2020 (the “Annual Report”).

Reclassifications

As part of an amendment to the Credit Facility, as defined in Note 4 “Long-term Debt” below, the Company currently has both a term loan and a revolving debt facility within its Credit Facility. Previously, the unamortized debt issuance costs were included within Other assets in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The Company has reclassified unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2019 as Long-term debt for consistency of presentation.

6

Significant Accounting Policies

Goodwill

The Company tests for impairment, at a minimum, on an annual basis or earlier where certain events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill may more likely than not be impaired. If there are significant decreases in its stock price for a sustained period or other unfavorable factors, the Company may be required to perform a goodwill impairment assessment, which may result in a recognition of goodwill impairment that could be material to the consolidated financial statements.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property and equipment and amortizable intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be fully recoverable. If the total of the expected undiscounted future net cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset. The Company recognized impairment expense, included in indirect and selling expenses, of $1.7 million in the second quarter of 2019 related to intangible assets associated with a historical business acquisition. There was no impairment recognized during the year ended June 30, 2020.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities (current and non-current) on the consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments as of the commencement date. Since most lease agreements do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as of the commencement date in estimating the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU asset is based on the present value of future lease payments and includes impacts from lease incentives and initial costs incurred to obtain the lease. Lease terms, for the purposes of determining each lease’s present value, include options to extend or terminate the lease if it is reasonably certain and economically reasonable that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company uses leases to obtain use of a variety of different resources, including those for the use of facilities or equipment. These agreements may contain both lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately. For equipment leases (including copier leases), the Company accounts for the lease component, as well as insignificant non-lease components, as a single lease component and does not recognize ROU assets and liabilities for leases with a term not greater than twelve months.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-15, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40). The standard aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is considered a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The standard also requires the entity to expense the capitalized implementation costs of a hosting arrangement over the term of the hosting arrangement and present the expense related to the capitalized implementation costs in the same line item in the statement of income as the fees associated with the hosting arrangement. The Company adopted the standard in the first quarter of 2020 and the standard was implemented using the prospective method. The Company’s adoption of ASU 2018-15 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard, as amended, requires companies to measure credit losses by using a methodology that reflects the expected credit losses based on historical information, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable information. The Company adopted the standard in the first quarter of 2020 utilizing a modified-retrospective transition approach that required a cumulative-effect adjustment of $0.5 million to the opening retained earnings in the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity as of the date of the adoption.

7

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The standard is intended to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the U.S. GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. This guidance is effective beginning on March 12, 2020, and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2 – CONTRACT RECEIVABLES, NET

Contract receivables, net consisted of the following:

|  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |
Billed and billable |  | $ | 229,327 |  |  | $ | 264,682 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  |  | (4,948 | ) |  |  | (3,506 | )
Contract receivables, net |  | $ | 224,379 |  |  | $ | 261,176 |

NOTE 3 – GOODWILL

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the six-months period ended June 30, 2020 were as follows:

Balance as of December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 719,934 |
Goodwill resulting from business combination - ITG |  |  | 188,369 |
Effect of foreign currency translation |  |  | (3,202 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2020 |  | $ | 905,101 |

NOTE 4 – LONG-TERM DEBT

At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, debt consisted of:

|  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |
|  | Average Interest Rate |  |  | Outstanding Balance |  |  | Average Interest Rate |  |  | Outstanding Balance |
Term Loan |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 197,500 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
Revolving Credit |  |  |  |  |  |  | 256,292 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 165,444 |
Total before debt issuance costs |  |  | 2.74 | % |  |  | 453,792 |  |  |  | 3.59 | % |  |  | 165,444 |
Unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,864 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,183 | )
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 450,928 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 164,261 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
Long-term debt - non-current |  |  |  |  |  |  | 440,928 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 164,261 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 450,928 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 164,261 |

On March 3, 2020, the Company entered into the First Amendment (the “First Amendment”) to the Fifth Amended and Restated Business Loan and Security Agreement with a group of ten commercial banks (the “Credit Facility”). The First Amendment amended the Fifth Amended and Restated Business Loan and Security Agreement to, among other things, (i) add a new term loan facility in the original principal amount of $200.0 million; (ii) increase the swing line commitment amount by $25.0 million to $75.0 million; (iii) extend the maturity date; and (iv) modify certain definitions and certain covenants. As a result, the Credit Facility now consists of (i) a term loan facility of $200.0 million; (ii) a revolving line of credit of up to $600.0 million with additional revolving credit commitments of up to $300.0 million, subject to lenders’ approval; and (iii) a sub-limit of $75.0 million for swing line loans. The Credit Facility matures on March 3, 2025.

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The Company has the option to borrow funds under the Credit Facility at interest rates based on both LIBOR (1, 3, or 6-month rates) and the Base Rate (as defined herein), at its discretion, plus their applicable margins. Base Rates are fluctuating per annum rates of interest equal to the highest of (i) the Federal Funds Open Rate, plus 0.5%, (ii) the Prime Rate (as defined under the Credit Facility) and (iii) the daily LIBOR rate, plus a LIBOR Margin between 1.00% and 2.00% based on its Leverage Ratio (as defined under the Credit Facility). The interest accrued based on LIBOR rates is to be paid on the last business day of the interest period (1, 3, or 6 months), while interest accrued based on the Base Rate is to be paid in quarterly installments. The Credit Facility also provides for letters of credit aggregating up to $60.0 million, which reduce the funds available under the Credit Facility when issued. The unused portion of the Credit Facility is subject to a commitment fee between 0.13% and 0.25% per annum based on the Leverage Ratio.

The Credit Facility is collateralized by substantially all the assets of the Company and requires that the Company remain in compliance with certain financial and non-financial covenants. The financial covenants require, among other things, that the Company maintain at all times an Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined under the Credit Facility) of not less than 3.00 to 1.00 and a Leverage Ratio of not more than 4.00 to 1.00 (subject to a step-up to 4.25 to 1.0 for a four quarter period following permitted acquisitions as defined under the Credit Facility) for each fiscal quarter. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had elected to step-up its leverage ratio covenant and was in compliance with its covenants under the Credit Facility.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company had $453.8 million long-term debt outstanding from the Credit Facility (including the term loan, exclusive of unamortized debt issuance costs), outstanding letters of credit totaling $2.9 million, net derivative obligations of $11.2 million and unused borrowing capacity of $340.9 million under the Credit Facility (excluding the accordion). Taking into account the financial, performance-based limitations, available borrowing capacity (excluding the accordion and the term loan) was $180.2 million as of June 30, 2020.

Future repayments of debt principal are as follows:

|  |  |  |  |  | Payments due by June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | Thereafter |  |  | Total |
Term Loan |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 11,250 |  |  | $ | 15,000 |  |  | $ | 151,250 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 197,500 |
Revolving Credit |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 256,292 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 256,292 |
Total |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 11,250 |  |  | $ | 15,000 |  |  | $ | 407,542 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 453,792 |

NOTE 5 – LEASES

The Company has operating leases for facilities and equipment which have remaining terms ranging from 1 to 14 years. The leases may include options to extend the lease periods for up to 5 years at rates approximating market rates and/or options to terminate the leases within 1 year. The leases may include a residual value guarantee or a responsibility to return the property to its original state of use. A limited number of leases contain provisions that provide for rental increases based on consumer price indices. The change in rent expense resulting from changes in these indices are included within variable rent.

Operating leases consisted of the following at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

|  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |
Real estate facilities |  | $ | 182,437 |  |  | $ | 162,150 |
Office equipment |  |  | 2,458 |  |  |  | 1,595 |
Other |  |  | 935 |  |  |  | 935 |
|  |  | 185,830 |  |  |  | 164,680 |
Amortization of right-of-use assets |  |  | (46,641 | ) |  |  | (30,715 | )
Total operating lease right-of-use assets |  | $ | 139,189 |  |  | $ | 133,965 |

Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Rent expense consists of the following:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | June 30, 2019 |  |  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | June 30, 2019 |
Operating lease costs |  | $ | 9,444 |  |  | $ | 8,610 |  |  | $ | 18,770 |  |  | $ | 17,505 |
Short-term lease costs |  |  | 442 |  |  |  | 322 |  |  |  | 873 |  |  |  | 1,003 |
Variable lease costs |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 172 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 184 |
Total rent expense |  | $ | 9,887 |  |  | $ | 9,104 |  |  | $ | 19,644 |  |  | $ | 18,692 |

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Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of June 30, 2020 were as follows:

June 30, 2021 |  | $ | 37,255 |
June 30, 2022 |  |  | 38,545 |
June 30, 2023 |  |  | 28,364 |
June 29, 2024 |  |  | 18,955 |
June 29, 2025 |  |  | 12,619 |
Thereafter |  |  | 36,327 |
Total future minimum lease payments |  |  | 172,065 |
Less: Interest |  |  | (17,116 | )
Total operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 154,949 |
Operating lease liabilities - current |  | $ | 33,028 |
Operating lease liabilities - non-current |  |  | 121,921 |
Total operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 154,949 |

Other information related to operating leases is as follows:

|  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | June 30, 2019 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  | $ | 19,086 |  |  | $ | 18,594 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 22,721 |  |  | $ | 14,896 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases |  |  | 5.9 |  |  |  | 5.1 |
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases |  |  | 2.9 | % |  |  | 3.7 | %

At June 30, 2020, the Company had additional operating leases that have not yet commenced with a potential lease liability of $129.1 million. Such operating leases are anticipated to commence, where we take possession of the property and commence any required buildout, over the next three years, with lease terms of 10 years to 17 years.

NOTE 6 – OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME AND ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

Other comprehensive (loss) income includes foreign currency translation adjustments arising from the conversion of financial statements of foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars, the amortization of the gain on the sale of an interest rate hedge agreement, and the change in the fair value of current interest rate hedge agreements. Components of accumulated other comprehensive loss as of June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 |
|  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  |  | Gain on Sale of Interest Rate Hedge Agreement (1) |  |  | Change in Fair Value of Interest Rate Hedge Agreements (2) |  |  | Total |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at March 31, 2020 |  | $ | (15,813 | ) |  | $ | 1,501 |  |  | $ | (8,955 | ) |  | $ | (23,267 | )
Current period other comprehensive (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications |  |  | 609 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,582 | ) |  |  | (973 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (180 | ) |  |  | 721 |  |  |  | 541 |
Effect of taxes (4) |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | 226 |  |  |  | 268 |
Total current period other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | 604 |  |  |  | (133 | ) |  |  | (635 | ) |  |  | (164 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at June 30, 2020 |  | $ | (15,209 | ) |  | $ | 1,368 |  |  | $ | (9,590 | ) |  | $ | (23,431 | )

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|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 |
|  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  |  | Gain on Sale of Interest Rate Hedge Agreement (1) |  |  | Change in Fair Value of Interest Rate Hedge Agreement (2) |  |  | Total |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at March 31, 2019 |  | $ | (12,914 | ) |  | $ | 2,031 |  |  | $ | (1,385 | ) |  | $ | (12,268 | )
Current period other comprehensive (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications |  |  | (1,304 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,173 | ) |  |  | (3,477 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (180 | ) |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | (149 | )
Effect of taxes (4) |  |  | 163 |  |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | 563 |  |  |  | 773 |
Total current period other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | (1,141 | ) |  |  | (133 | ) |  |  | (1,579 | ) |  |  | (2,853 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at June 30, 2019 |  | $ | (14,055 | ) |  | $ | 1,898 |  |  | $ | (2,964 | ) |  | $ | (15,121 | )

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 |
|  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  |  | Gain on Sale of Interest Rate Hedge Agreement (1) |  |  | Change in Fair Value of Interest Rate Hedge Agreements (2) |  |  | Total |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at December 31, 2019 |  | $ | (10,995 | ) |  | $ | 1,634 |  |  | $ | (2,783 | ) |  | $ | (12,144 | )
Current period other comprehensive (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  |  | (4,821 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10,155 | ) |  |  | (14,976 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (360 | ) |  |  | 923 |  |  |  | 563 |
Effect of taxes (4) |  |  | 607 |  |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | 2,425 |  |  |  | 3,126 |
Total current period other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | (4,214 | ) |  |  | (266 | ) |  |  | (6,807 | ) |  |  | (11,287 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at June 30, 2020 |  | $ | (15,209 | ) |  | $ | 1,368 |  |  | $ | (9,590 | ) |  | $ | (23,431 | )

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 |
|  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  |  | Gain on Sale of Interest Rate Hedge Agreement (1) |  |  | Change in Fair Value of Interest Rate Hedge Agreement (2) |  |  | Total |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at December 31, 2018 |  | $ | (14,168 | ) |  | $ | 2,164 |  |  | $ | (547 | ) |  | $ | (12,551 | )
Current period other comprehensive (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,337 | ) |  |  | (3,387 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (360 | ) |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | (306 | )
Effect of taxes (4) |  |  | 163 |  |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | 866 |  |  |  | 1,123 |
Total current period other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | 113 |  |  |  | (266 | ) |  |  | (2,417 | ) |  |  | (2,570 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at June 30, 2019 |  | $ | (14,055 | ) |  | $ | 1,898 |  |  | $ | (2,964 | ) |  | $ | (15,121 | )

(1) | Represents the unamortized value of an interest rate hedge agreement, designated as a cash flow hedge, which was sold on December 1, 2016. The fair value of the interest rate hedge agreement, at the date of the sale, was recorded in other comprehensive income, net of tax, and is being reclassified to interest expense when earnings are impacted by the hedged items and as interest payments are made on the Credit Facility from January 31, 2018 to January 31, 2023 (see Note 10—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities).

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(2) | Represents the change in fair value of interest rate hedge agreements designated as a cash flow hedge. The fair value of the interest rate hedge agreements was recorded in other comprehensive income and will be reclassified to interest expense when earnings are impacted by the hedged items and as interest payments are made on the Credit Facility from August 31, 2018 to February 28, 202 5 (see Note 10—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities).

(3) | The Company expects to reclassify $0.7 million net gains related to the Gain on Sale of Interest Rate Hedge Agreement and $3.7 million net losses related to the Change in Fair Value of Interest Rate Hedge Agreement from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings during the next 12 months.

(4) | The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was 29.0% and 26.2%, respectively, and 24.6% and 22.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

NOTE 7 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Changes in stockholders’ equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in |  |  | Retained |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Loss |  |  | Total |
Balance at March 31, 2020 |  |  | 18,827 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 350,658 |  |  | $ | 552,303 |  |  |  | 4,289 |  |  | $ | (188,961 | ) |  | $ | (23,267 | ) |  | $ | 690,756 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,656 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,656 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (164 | ) |  |  | (164 | )
Equity compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,518 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,518 |
Exercise of stock options |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuance of shares pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net payments for stock issuances and buybacks |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,024 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 974 |
Cumulative-effect adjustment for adoption of accounting principle |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Dividends declared |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,637 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,637 | )
Balance at June 30, 2020 |  |  | 18,849 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 354,200 |  |  | $ | 563,322 |  |  |  | 4,289 |  |  | $ | (189,011 | ) |  | $ | (23,431 | ) |  | $ | 705,103 |

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in |  |  | Retained |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Loss |  |  | Total |
Balance at March 31, 2019 |  |  | 18,866 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 330,763 |  |  | $ | 499,126 |  |  |  | 3,846 |  |  | $ | (155,073 | ) |  | $ | (12,268 | ) |  | $ | 662,571 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,611 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,611 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,853 | ) |  |  | (2,853 | )
Equity compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,714 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,714 |
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25 |
Issuance of shares pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net payments for stock issuances and buybacks |  |  | (117 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 843 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 129 |  |  |  | (9,632 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (8,789 | )
Dividends declared |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,642 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,642 | )
Balance at June 30, 2019 |  |  | 18,758 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 335,345 |  |  | $ | 511,095 |  |  |  | 3,975 |  |  | $ | (164,705 | ) |  | $ | (15,121 | ) |  | $ | 666,637 |

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in |  |  | Retained |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Loss |  |  | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2019 |  |  | 18,868 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 346,795 |  |  | $ | 544,840 |  |  |  | 3,978 |  |  | $ | (164,963 | ) |  | $ | (12,144 | ) |  | $ | 714,551 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,268 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,268 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11,287 | ) |  |  | (11,287 | )
Equity compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,344 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,344 |
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37 |
Issuance of shares pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 291 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net payments for stock issuances and buybacks |  |  | (311 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,024 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 311 |  |  |  | (24,048 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (23,024 | )
Cumulative-effect adjustment for adoption of accounting principle |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (513 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (513 | )
Dividends declared |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,273 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,273 | )
Balance at June 30, 2020 |  |  | 18,849 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 354,200 |  |  | $ | 563,322 |  |  |  | 4,289 |  |  | $ | (189,011 | ) |  | $ | (23,431 | ) |  | $ | 705,103 |

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|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in |  |  | Retained |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Loss |  |  | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 18,817 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 326,208 |  |  | $ | 486,442 |  |  |  | 3,629 |  |  | $ | (139,704 | ) |  | $ | (12,551 | ) |  | $ | 660,417 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 29,929 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 29,929 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,570 | ) |  |  | (2,570 | )
Equity compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,865 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,865 |
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 429 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 429 |
Issuance of shares pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 263 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |
Net payments for stock issuances and buybacks |  |  | (334 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 843 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 346 |  |  |  | (25,001 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (24,158 | )
Dividends declared |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,276 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,276 | )
Balance at June 30, 2019 |  |  | 18,758 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 335,345 |  |  | $ | 511,095 |  |  |  | 3,975 |  |  | $ | (164,705 | ) |  | $ | (15,121 | ) |  | $ | 666,637 |

NOTE 8 – RESTRICTED CASH

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented to the total of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:

|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
|  | Beginning |  |  | Ending |  |  | Beginning |  |  | Ending |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 6,482 |  |  | $ | 9,064 |  |  | $ | 11,694 |  |  | $ | 6,304 |
Restricted cash - non-current |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,292 |  |  |  | — |
Total of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows |  | $ | 6,482 |  |  | $ | 9,064 |  |  | $ | 12,986 |  |  | $ | 6,304 |

NOTE 9 – REVENUE RECOGNITION

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company disaggregates revenue from clients, most of which is earned over time, into categories that depict how the nature, amount and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Those categories are client market, client type and contract mix. Client markets provide insight into the breadth of the Company’s expertise. In classifying revenue by client market, the Company attributes revenue from a client to the market that the Company believes is the client’s primary market. The Company also classifies revenue by the type of entity for which it does business, which is an indicator of the diversity of its client base. The Company attributes revenue generated from being a subcontractor to a commercial company as government revenue when the ultimate client is a government agency or department. Disaggregation by contract mix provides insight in terms of the degree of performance risk that the Company has assumed. Fixed-price contracts are considered to provide the highest amount of performance risk as the Company is required to deliver a scope of work or level of effort for a negotiated fixed price. Time-and-materials contracts require the Company to provide skilled employees on contracts for negotiated fixed hourly rates. Since the Company is not required to deliver a scope of work, but merely skilled employees, it considers these contracts to be less risky than a fixed-price agreement. Cost-based contracts are considered to provide the lowest amount of performance risk since the Company is generally reimbursed for all contract costs incurred in performance of contract deliverables with only the amount of incentive or award fees (if applicable) dependent on the achievement of negotiated performance requirements.

13

Changes in the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the prior year period were primarily from the increase of revenue in the health, education, and social programs client market as a result of additional work performed for U.S. government clients, including the ITG acquisition, offset by decreases in revenue from the commercial clients primarily in the consumer and financial services and health, education and social programs markets and decreases in the U.S. state and local clients in the energy, environment, and infrastructure markets. Similarly, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 revenue from time-and-materials and cost-based contracts increased while revenue from fixed price contracts decreased compared to the prior year period.

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
|  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |
Client Markets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Energy, environment, and infrastructure |  | $ | 151,481 |  |  |  | 43 | % |  | $ | 166,520 |  |  |  | 45 | % |  | $ | 303,839 |  |  |  | 43 | % |  | $ | 320,035 |  |  |  | 45 | %
Health, education, and social programs |  |  | 148,528 |  |  |  | 42 | % |  |  | 134,346 |  |  |  | 37 | % |  |  | 291,114 |  |  |  | 41 | % |  |  | 256,255 |  |  |  | 36 | %
Safety and security |  |  | 31,440 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 30,030 |  |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 63,025 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 59,581 |  |  |  | 9 | %
Consumer and financial services |  |  | 22,538 |  |  |  | 6 | % |  |  | 35,821 |  |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 54,247 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 72,100 |  |  |  | 10 | %
Total |  | $ | 353,987 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 366,717 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 712,225 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 707,971 |  |  |  | 100 | %

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | June 30, 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
|  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |
Client Type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal government |  | $ | 170,748 |  |  |  | 48 | % |  | $ | 141,253 |  |  |  | 38 | % |  | $ | 326,318 |  |  |  | 46 | % |  | $ | 273,465 |  |  |  | 39 | %
U.S. state and local government |  |  | 57,982 |  |  |  | 17 | % |  |  | 73,101 |  |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | 119,288 |  |  |  | 17 | % |  |  | 138,928 |  |  |  | 20 | %
International government |  |  | 18,098 |  |  |  | 5 | % |  |  | 31,617 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 41,190 |  |  |  | 6 | % |  |  | 58,751 |  |  |  | 8 | %
Total Government |  |  | 246,828 |  |  |  | 70 | % |  |  | 245,971 |  |  |  | 67 | % |  |  | 486,796 |  |  |  | 69 | % |  |  | 471,144 |  |  |  | 67 | %
Commercial |  |  | 107,159 |  |  |  | 30 | % |  |  | 120,746 |  |  |  | 33 | % |  |  | 225,429 |  |  |  | 31 | % |  |  | 236,827 |  |  |  | 33 | %
Total |  | $ | 353,987 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 366,717 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 712,225 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 707,971 |  |  |  | 100 | %

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | June 30, 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
|  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |
Contract Mix: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time-and-materials |  | $ | 168,489 |  |  |  | 48 | % |  | $ | 167,009 |  |  |  | 46 | % |  | $ | 336,639 |  |  |  | 47 | % |  | $ | 322,191 |  |  |  | 45 | %
Fixed price |  |  | 123,970 |  |  |  | 35 | % |  |  | 146,967 |  |  |  | 40 | % |  |  | 257,122 |  |  |  | 36 | % |  |  | 281,416 |  |  |  | 40 | %
Cost-based |  |  | 61,528 |  |  |  | 17 | % |  |  | 52,741 |  |  |  | 14 | % |  |  | 118,464 |  |  |  | 17 | % |  |  | 104,364 |  |  |  | 15 | %
Total |  | $ | 353,987 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 366,717 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 712,225 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 707,971 |  |  |  | 100 | %

Contract Balances:

Contract assets consist primarily of unbilled amounts resulting from long-term contracts when revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed often due to billing schedule timing. Contract liabilities result from advance payments received on a contract or from billings in excess of revenue recognized on long-term contracts due to billing schedule timing. The net contract assets (liabilities) as of June 30, 2020 increased by $15.5 million as compared to December 31, 2019. The increase in net contract assets (liabilities) is primarily due to work in the health, education and social programs, including the ITG acquisition, and energy, environmental, and infrastructure client markets, offset by consumer and financial services markets. There were no material changes to contract balances due to impairments during the period.

|  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Contract assets |  | $ | 150,577 |  |  | $ | 142,337 |  |  | $ | 8,240 |  |  |  | 5.8 | %
Contract liabilities |  |  | (30,135 | ) |  |  | (37,413 | ) |  |  | 7,278 |  |  |  | (19.5 | %)
Net contract assets (liabilities) |  | $ | 120,442 |  |  | $ | 104,924 |  |  | $ | 15,518 |  |  |  | 14.8 | %

14

Performance Obligations:

The Company had $1.5 billion in unfulfilled performance obligations as of June 30, 2020, which primarily entail the future delivery of services for which revenue will be recognized over time. The obligations relate to continued or additional services required on contracts and were generally valued using an estimated cost-plus margin approach, with variable consideration being estimated at the most likely amount. The Company expects to satisfy these performance obligations, on average, in one to two years.

NOTE 10 – DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The Company manages its risk to changes in interest rates through the use of derivative instruments. The Company does not hold derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. For variable rate borrowings, the Company uses fixed interest rate swaps, effectively converting a portion of the variable interest rate payments to fixed interest rate payments. These swaps are designated as cash flow hedges.

On February 20, 2020, the Company entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap for an aggregate notional amount of $100.0 million to hedge a portion of the Company’s variable rate indebtedness. The Company designated the swap as a cash flow hedge. The swap requires the Company to pay a fixed rate of 1.294% per annum on the notional amount starting on February 28, 2020 to February 28, 2025. The floating-to-fixed interest rate settles monthly during the period of the cash flows and the realized gains and losses from the swap are recognized as a component of interest expense. On a quarterly basis, management evaluates the swap to determine its effectiveness and record the change in fair value as an adjustment to other comprehensive income or loss. Management intends that the swap remain effective.

A summary of interest rate swap derivatives designated as cash flow hedges as of June 30, 2020 are as follows:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Dates of Effected Cash Flows
Date of Interest Rate Swap Agreement |  | Notional Amount ($million) |  |  | Paid Fixed Interest Rate% |  |  | Beginning |  | Ending
September 30, 2016 (1) |  | $ | 100.0 |  |  | - |  |  | January 31, 2018 |  | January 31, 2023
August 31, 2017 |  | $ | 25.0 |  |  | 1.8475% |  |  | August 31, 2018 |  | August 31, 2023
August 8, 2018 |  | $ | 50.0 |  |  | 2.8540% |  |  | August 31, 2018 |  | August 31, 2023
August 8, 2018 |  | $ | 25.0 |  |  | 2.8510% |  |  | August 31, 2018 |  | August 31, 2023
February 20, 2020 |  | $ | 100.0 |  |  | 1.2940% |  |  | February 28, 2020 |  | February 28, 2025

(1) | On December 1, 2016, the Company sold the interest rate hedge agreement. The fair value of the interest rate hedge, as of the date of the sale, was recorded in other comprehensive income, net of tax. The gain from the sale will be recognized into earnings when earnings are impacted by the cash flows of the previously hedged variable interest rate.

NOTE 11 – INCOME TAXES

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was 29.0% and 26.2%, respectively, and 24.6% and 22.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company is subject to federal income taxes as well as taxes in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. Tax statutes and regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to interpretation and require the application of significant judgment. The Company’s 2016 through 2018 tax years remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service for federal tax purposes. Certain significant state, local and foreign tax returns also remain open under the applicable statute of limitations and are subject to examination for the tax years from 2015 to 2018.

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, was $2.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively, resulting from tax positions taken in a prior period. Included in the balance as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, were $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of tax positions that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate.

The Company’s policy is not to recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of tax expense. The Company had approximately $0.1 million and $0.1 million of accrued penalty and interest at June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company has made no provision for deferred U.S. income taxes or additional foreign taxes on future unremitted earnings of its controlled foreign subsidiaries because the Company considers these earnings to be permanently invested.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. federal, state and local governments as well as numerous foreign governments have enacted tax-related relief programs to provide both direct and indirect tax assistance in the form of tax subsidies, exemptions, deferrals and credits. The Company is continuously analyzing these programs as they are introduced in order to determine our eligibility and the risks and benefits of participation.

15

During the quarter ended June 30, 2020, the Company elected to participate in several COVID-19 tax-relief programs for which it was eligible. For example, p ursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act, the Company exercised the option to defer payment of the employer portion of the Social Security tax, with 50% to be repaid by December 31, 2021 and the remainder by December 31, 2022. The Company deferred payment of approximately $6.4 million of employer Social Security taxes during the quarter ended June 30, 2020.

NOTE 12 – ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK COMPENSATION

On April 4, 2018, the Company’s board of directors approved the 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2018 Omnibus Plan”), which was subsequently approved by the stockholders and became effective on May 31, 2018 (the “Effective Date”). The 2018 Omnibus Plan replaced the previous 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Prior Plan”).

On or after the Effective Date, the 2018 Omnibus Plan (as amended in May 2020) allows the Company to grant 1,185,000 shares using stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance units and performance share awards (“PSAs”), and other stock-based awards to all officers, key employees, and non-employee directors of the Company. Outstanding shares granted under the Prior Plan, totaling 107,141 as of June 30, 2020, remain subject to its terms and conditions, and no additional awards from the Prior Plan are to be made after the Effective Date. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had approximately 1,095,772 shares available for grant under the 2018 Omnibus Plan. The 2018 Omnibus Plan also gives the Company the ability to issue cash-settled RSUs (“CSRSUs”). The CSRSUs have no impact on the shares available for grant under the Omnibus Plan, nor on the calculated shares used in earnings per share calculations.

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company granted to its employees 166,051 shares in the form of RSUs with an average grant date fair value of $57.82, and the equivalent value of 112,479 shares in the form of CSRSUs with an average grant date fair value of $57.85. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company also granted 55,264 shares in the form of PSAs to its employees with a grant date fair value of $58.76 per share. The RSUs, CSRSUs and PSAs granted are generally subject to service-based vesting conditions, with the PSAs also having performance-based vesting conditions. The performance conditions for the PSAs granted in 2020 have a performance period from January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022 and the performance conditions are consistent with the PSAs granted in prior years.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $4.0 million and $5.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense of approximately $17.9 million as of June 30, 2020 related to unsettled RSUs is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.2 years. The unrecognized compensation expense related to CSRSUs totaled approximately $9.4 million at June 30, 2020 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years. Unrecognized compensation expense related to PSAs of approximately $3.8 million as of June 30, 2020 is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years.

NOTE 13 – FAIR VALUE

Financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their location within the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

| June 30, 2020 |  |  |
(in thousands) | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |  |  | Location on Balance Sheet
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation investments in cash surrender life insurance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,435 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,435 |  |  | Other assets
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,435 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,435 |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation plan liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,353 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,353 |  |  | Other long-term liabilities
Interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  |  | 13,044 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,044 |  |  | Other long-term liabilities
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27,397 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27,397 |  |  |

16

| December 31, 2019 |  |  |
(in thousands) | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |  |  | Location on Balance Sheet
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward contract agreements | $ | — |  |  | $ | 733 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 733 |  |  | Prepaid expenses and other assets
Deferred compensation investments in cash surrender life insurance |  |  |  |  |  | 15,020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15,020 |  |  | Other assets
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,753 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,753 |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation plan liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,855 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,855 |  |  | Other long-term liabilities
Interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  |  | 3,811 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,811 |  |  | Other long-term liabilities
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,666 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,666 |  |  |

NOTE 14 – BUSINESS COMBINATION

On January 31, 2020, the Company acquired all of the membership interests in Incentive Technology Group, LLC (“ITG”), a Virginia limited liability company, for the purchase price of $255.0 million (subject to post-closing and working capital adjustments). Headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, ITG is an information technology consulting firm that provides cloud-based platform services to the federal government. The acquisition is expected to augment the Company’s federal government business. The acquisition was not significant to the Company’s financial statements taken as a whole. The acquisition of ITG includes provisions that adjust the consideration transferred for excesses or shortfalls in the stipulated amount of working capital as of the acquisition date, as defined.

The acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method. The preliminary allocation of the total purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities of ITG is based on management’s preliminary estimate of fair value as of the acquisition date and is subject to revision until the purchase price adjustments and valuations of intangible assets and goodwill are finalized, which will occur prior to September 30, 2020. The Company engaged an independent valuation firm to assist management in the allocation of the purchase price to goodwill and to other acquired intangible assets. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net tangible assets acquired was approximately $235.7 million. The Company has allocated approximately $188.4 million to goodwill and $47.3 million to other intangible assets. The goodwill recorded as part of the acquisition primarily reflects the value of providing an established platform to leverage the Company’s existing digital interactive technologies and domain expertise, synergies expected to arise from providing end-to-end customer solutions to a combined client-base across all channels, as well as any intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition. The weighted average amortization period for the amount allocated to other intangible assets in total is 5.7 years from the acquisition date. The intangible assets consist of approximately $46.4 million of customer-related intangibles that are being amortized over 6.9 years from the acquisition date and $0.9 million of marketing-related intangibles that are being amortized over 0.9 years from the acquisition date. The ITG acquisition is treated as a deemed asset purchase for income tax purposes; therefore, goodwill and amortization of other intangibles created via this acquisition will be amortized for income tax purposes over 15 years.

A prior acquisition’s purchase agreement included additional consideration in the form of two warranty and indemnity hold back payments, one for approximately $1.9 million which was released in the second quarter of 2020 and the other for approximately $1.2 million scheduled to be released in the fourth quarter of 2022. The two warranty and indemnity liabilities were recorded at their fair value at the date of the acquisition discounting the liabilities at 3.0% and 3.25%, respectively.

NOTE 15 – EARNINGS PER SHARE

Earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing reported net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding. Diluted EPS considers the potential dilution that could occur if common stock equivalents were exercised or converted into stock. The difference between the basic and diluted weighted-average equivalent shares with respect to the Company’s EPS calculation was due entirely to the assumed exercise of stock options and the vesting and settlement of RSUs and PSAs. PSAs are included in the computation of diluted shares only to the extent that the underlying performance conditions (i) are satisfied as of the end of the reporting period or (ii) would be considered satisfied if the end of the reporting period were also the end of the applicable performance period and the result would be dilutive under the treasury stock method.

As of June 30, 2020, the PSAs granted during the year ended December 31, 2018 met the related performance conditions for the initial performance period and were included in the calculation of diluted EPS. However, the PSAs granted during the year ended December 31, 2019 and during the six months ended June 30, 2020 have not yet completed their initial two-year performance period and therefore were excluded in the calculation of diluted EPS. For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, there were 19,755 and 1,743 weighted-average shares excluded from the calculation of EPS because they were anti-dilutive, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, there were 19,881 weighted-average shares were excluded because they were anti-dilutive. Three were no shares excluded for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The anti-dilutive shares were associated with RSUs.

17

The dilutive effect of stock options, RSUs, and PSAs for each period reported is summarized below:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Net Income |  | $ | 13,656 |  |  | $ | 14,611 |  |  | $ | 24,268 |  |  | $ | 29,929 |
Weighted-average number of basic shares outstanding during the period |  |  | 18,829 |  |  |  | 18,805 |  |  |  | 18,835 |  |  |  | 18,815 |
Dilutive effect of stock options, RSUs, and performance shares |  |  | 191 |  |  |  | 328 |  |  |  | 285 |  |  |  | 398 |
Weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding during the period |  |  | 19,020 |  |  |  | 19,133 |  |  |  | 19,120 |  |  |  | 19,213 |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 0.73 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |  |  | $ | 1.29 |  |  | $ | 1.59 |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 0.72 |  |  | $ | 0.76 |  |  | $ | 1.27 |  |  | $ | 1.56 |

NOTE 16 – SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAM

The Company’s share repurchase program previously allowed for share repurchases in the aggregate up to $100.0 million under share repurchase plans approved by the board of directors pursuant to Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. On March 13, 2020, the Company terminated the Rule 10b5-1 plan element of the share repurchase program. The Credit Facility permits unlimited share repurchases, provided the Company’s Leverage Ratio, prior to and after giving effect to such repurchases, is not greater than 3.50 to 1.00. As of June 30, 2020, $51.4 million remained available for share repurchases under the program.

NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Dividend

On August 4, 2020, the Company’s board of directors approved a $0.14 per share cash dividend. The dividend will be paid on October 13, 2020 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on September 11, 2020.

COVID-19

The Company is closely monitoring the impact of the coronavirus (“COVID-19”), which has caused a global pandemic. The assessment is on-going and encompasses all aspects of the Company’s business, including how COVID-19 will impact its customers, employees, subcontractors and other suppliers and business partners and the capital markets. While the Company continues to assess the financial impacts to its business based on currently known events, the Company is unable to fully predict the impact COVID-19 will have on its future financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

NOTE 18 – CONTINGENCIES

Litigation and Claims

The Company is involved in various legal matters and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. While these matters and proceedings cause it to incur costs, including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees, the Company currently believes that any ultimate liability arising out of these matters and proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Road Home Contract

On June 10, 2016, the Office of Community Development (the “OCD”) of the State of Louisiana filed a written administrative demand with the Louisiana Commissioner of Administration against ICF Emergency Management Services, L.L.C. (“ICF Emergency”), a subsidiary of the Company, in connection with ICF Emergency’s administration of the Road Home Program (“Program”). The Program contract was a three-year, $912 million contract awarded to the Company in 2006. The Program ended, as scheduled, in 2009.

The Program was primarily intended to help homeowners and landlords of small rental properties affected by Hurricanes Rita and Katrina. In its administrative demand, the OCD sought approximately $200.8 million in alleged overpayments to the Program’s grant recipients, and separately supplemented the amount of recovery it sought in total to approximately $220.2 million. The State of Louisiana, through the Division of Administration, also filed suit in Louisiana state court on June 10, 2016. The State of Louisiana broadly alleges and sought recoupment for the same claim made in the administrative proceeding submission before the Louisiana Commissioner of Administration. On September 21, 2016, the Commissioner of the Division of Administration notified OCD and the Company of his decision to defer jurisdiction of the administrative demand filed by the OCD. In so doing, the Commissioner declined to reach a decision on the merits, stated that his deferral would not be deemed to grant or deny any portion of the OCD’s claim, and authorized the parties to proceed on the matter in the previously filed judicial proceeding. The Company continues to believe that this claim has no merit, intends to vigorously defend its position, and has therefore not recorded a liability as of June 30, 2020.

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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Some of the statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) constitute forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “should,” “will,” “would,” or similar words. You should read statements that contain these words carefully. The risk factors described in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), as well as any cautionary language in this Quarterly Report, provide examples of risks, uncertainties, and events that may cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations described in the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to:

| • | Our dependence on contracts with United States (“U.S.”) federal, state and local, and international governments, agencies and departments for the majority of our revenue;

| • | Changes in federal government budgeting and spending priorities;

| • | Failure by Congress or other governmental bodies to approve budgets and debt ceiling increases in a timely fashion and related reduction in government spending;

| • | Failure of the Administration and Congress to agree on spending priorities, which may result in temporary shutdowns of non-essential federal functions, including our work to support such functions;

| • | Effects of the novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”), or any other future pandemic, and related national, state and local government actions and reactions on the health of our staff and that of our clients, the continuity of our and our clients’ operations, our results of operations and our outlook;

| • | Results of routine and non-routine government audits and investigations;

| • | Dependence of commercial work on certain sectors of the global economy that are highly cyclical;

| • | Failure to realize the full amount of our backlog;

| • | Risks inherent in being engaged in significant and complex disaster relief efforts involving multiple tiers of government in very stressful environments;

| • | Difficulties in integrating acquisitions generally;

| • | Risks resulting from expanding service offerings and client base;

| • | Acquisitions we undertake may present integration challenges, fail to perform as expected, increase our liabilities, and/or reduce our earnings;

| • | The lawsuit filed by the State of Louisiana seeking approximately $220.2 million in alleged overpayments from the Road Home contract; and

| • | Additional risks as a result of having international operations.

Our forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management and the information available to our management at the time these disclosures were prepared. Although we believe the expectations reflected in these statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, even if our situation changes in the future.

The terms “we,” “our,” “us,” and “Company,” as used throughout this Quarterly Report, refer to ICF International, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated. The term “federal” or “federal government” refers to the U.S. federal government, and “state and local” or “state and local government” refers to U.S. state and local governments and the governments of U.S. territories. The following discussion and analysis is intended to help the reader understand our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. You should read this discussion in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2020 (our “Annual Report”).

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Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the novel strain of coronavirus disease COVID-19 as a global pandemic. There is significant uncertainty as to the effects of this pandemic on the global economy, which in turn may impact, among other things, our operations, balance sheet, results of operations or cash flows. Adverse events such as health-related concerns about working in our offices, the inability to travel, the potential impact on our employees, clients, subcontractors and other suppliers and business partners, a slow-down in customer decision-making that affects procurement cycles, a reprioritization of client spending, and other matters affecting the general work and business environment could harm our business and delay the implementation of our business strategy. We cannot anticipate all the ways in which the current global health crisis, economic slowdown and financial market conditions could adversely impact our business in the future. Although we cannot predict with certainty the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the longer the duration of the event, the more likely it is that it could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows.

We are primarily a service business, and our staffing, and that of our subcontractors, has been maintained, substantially on a work from home basis, fortunately with little COVID-19 illness among our staff. To date we have experienced continuity in the majority of our work for our government clients, which accounted for approximately 69 percent of our revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2020. There have been postponements of events and challenges around some project work requiring travel, but overall, our government clients have continued to require our services. We are unable to predict whether, and to what extent, this trend will continue. It would be reasonable to expect some deterioration of certain client activities due to COVID-19, including as a result of the massive government spending directed at COVID-19 and its effect on health and the economy and government spending priorities, but there is also the possibility of additional demand from federal agencies such as the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency, as well as state and local and international government agencies.

Of the remaining 31 percent of our total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2020, the majority was generated from commercial energy markets and commercial marketing services, each of which represented roughly half of that total. In commercial energy, where we work primarily for utility clients, we have experienced trends similar to those with our government clients, although there are some aspects of energy efficiency programs that have been put on hold as they involve direct interaction with consumers. In our commercial marketing services, a key component of our business is our industry-leading loyalty platform, where we have long-term implementation contracts, and we believe our clients, many of which are in the hospitality space, will continue to stay engaged with their most loyal customers. The other parts of commercial marketing services, which include public event management and marketing technology was impacted based on the restriction upon travel worldwide and the deferral or cancellation of marketing events. As a result, we are monitoring that business area closely. These elements of commercial marketing services represented less than 12 percent of our total Company-wide revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

We are monitoring the evolving situation related to the COVID-19 outbreak and we continue to work with our stakeholders to assess further possible implications to our business and to take actions in an effort to mitigate adverse consequences. To protect employee health and safety while COVID-19 remains a threat, we plan to continue to deliver a majority of our services to clients remotely for the foreseeable future and continue to evaluate our return to office plans. While the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act contains a provision that allows federal contractors to seek specified reimbursement for certain employees who are unable to perform their contract requirements due to government restrictions, we believe we have limited claims under the CARES Act and reimbursements are also subject to limitations and do not extend past September 30, 2020. Additionally, the Company exercised the option to defer payment of the employer portion of the Social Security tax, with 50% to be repaid by December 31, 2021 and the remainder by December 31, 2022. The Company deferred payment of approximately $6.4 million of employer Social Security taxes during the quarter ended June 30, 2020.

As part of management actions to counter the impact of COVID -19, we continue to align our costs with anticipated revenues. In the U.S. and in our international operations, we have used staff reductions, furloughs, and other temporary wage reduction programs in response to the pandemic. The Company is currently participating in several international government subsidy programs whose objective is to encourage eligible companies to keep employees on the payroll during the COVID -19 pandemic. A requirement of these subsidies is that the Company is to continue to employ the identified employees who might otherwise have been impacted by a reaction to COVID -19. The subsidies are limited in the amount and time in which payroll costs are covered.

OVERVIEW AND OUTLOOK

We provide professional services and technology-based solutions to government and commercial clients, including management, marketing, technology, and policy consulting and implementation services. We help our clients conceive, develop, implement, and improve solutions that address complex business, natural resource, social, technological, and public safety issues. Our services primarily support clients that operate in four key markets:

| • | Energy, Environment, and Infrastructure;

| • | Health, Education, and Social Programs;

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| • | Safety and Security; and

| • | Consumer and Financial Services.

We provide services to our diverse client base that deliver value throughout the entire life cycle of a policy, program, project, or initiative. Our primary services include:

| • | Advisory Services;

| • | Program Implementation Services;

| • | Analytics Services;

| • | Digital Services; and

| • | Engagement Services.

Our clients utilize our services because we offer a combination of deep subject matter expertise, technical solutions, and institutional experience. We believe that our domain expertise and the program knowledge developed from our research and analytic, and assessment and advisory engagements further position us to provide a full suite of services.

We report operating results and financial data as a single segment based on the consolidated information used by our chief operating decision-maker in evaluating the financial performance of our business and allocating resources. Our single segment represents our core business – professional services for government and commercial clients. Although we describe our multiple service offerings and client markets to provide a better understanding of our business operations, we offer integrated solutions, pulling from resources across our Company and, accordingly, do not manage our business or allocate our resources based on those service offerings or client market areas.

Notwithstanding the impact of COVID-19 we believe that, in the long-term, demand for our services will continue to grow as government, industry, and other stakeholders seek to address critical long-term societal and natural resource issues due to heightened concerns about: clean energy and energy efficiency; health promotion, treatment, and cost control; natural disaster relief and rebuild efforts; and ongoing homeland security threats. In the wake of the major hurricanes (Harvey, Irma, Maria and Michael) that devastated communities in Texas, Florida, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico, the affected areas remain in various stages of relief and recovery efforts. We believe our prior and current experience with disaster relief and rebuild efforts, including those from Hurricanes Maria, Katrina and Rita, and Superstorm Sandy, put us in a favorable position to continue to provide recovery assistance, housing, and environmental and infrastructure solutions on behalf of federal departments and agencies, state and local governments, and regional agencies.

We also see significant opportunity to further leverage our digital and client engagement capabilities across our commercial and government client base. Our future results will depend on the success of our strategy to enhance our client relationships and seek larger engagements spanning all aspects of the program life cycle, as well as completely and successfully integrating strategic acquisitions. We will continue to focus on building scale in vertical and horizontal domain expertise, developing business with both our government and commercial clients, and replicating our business model in selective geographies. In doing so, we will continue to evaluate strategic acquisition opportunities, such as our recent acquisition of Incentive Technology Group, LLC (“ITG”), that enhance our subject matter knowledge, broaden our service offerings, and/or provide scale in specific geographies.

While we continue to see favorable long-term market opportunities, there are certain business challenges facing all government service providers. Administrative and legislative actions by the federal government to address changing priorities or in response to the budget deficit could have a negative impact on our business, which may result in a reduction to our revenue and profit and adversely affect cash flow. Similarly, while disaster recovery work efforts are funded by the federal government, the very nature of opportunities arising out of disaster recovery mean they can involve unusual challenges. Factors such as the overall stress on communities and people affected by disaster recovery situations, political complexities and challenges among involved government agencies, and a higher than normal risk of audits and investigations, may result in a reduction to our revenue and profit and adversely affect cash flow. However, we believe we are well positioned to provide a broad range of services in support of initiatives that will continue to be priorities to the federal government, as well as to state and local and international governments and commercial clients.

Employees and Offices:

We have more than 7,000 full and part-time employees around the globe, including many recognized as thought leaders in their respective fields. We serve clients globally from our headquarters in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, our more than 75 regional offices throughout the U.S. and more than 15 offices in key regions outside the U.S., including offices in the United Kingdom, Belgium, China, India and Canada.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our discussion of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make certain estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses and our application of critical accounting policies, including: revenue recognition, impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets, income taxes, and stock-based compensation. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our Annual Report and “Note 1—Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations—Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 1—Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations—Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report for further discussions of our significant accounting policies and estimates.

We periodically evaluate our critical accounting policies and estimates based on changes in U.S. GAAP and the current environment that may have an effect on our financial statements.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

It is our policy to test for impairment, at a minimum, on an annual basis or earlier when certain events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill or intangible assets may more likely than not be impaired. We are monitoring the impacts of COVID-19 on the fair value of goodwill. While we currently do not anticipate any impairments to goodwill as a result of COVID-19, future changes in the expectations as to the impact on our operations, financial performance and cash flows related to the intangible assets and goodwill could cause these assets to be impaired.

If there are further, sustained financial impacts as a result of COVID-19 upon us or other unfavorable factors, we may be required to perform additional intangible asset impairment assessments, which may result in a recognition of intangible asset impairment that could be material to the consolidated financial statements.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recent accounting standards are discussed in “Note 1—Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations—Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report.

SELECTED KEY METRICS

In order to evaluate operations, we track revenue by key metrics that provide useful information about the nature of our business. Client markets provide insight into the breadth of our expertise. Client type is an indicator of the diversity of our client base. Revenue by contract mix provides insight in terms of the degree of performance risk that we have assumed. Significant variances in the key metrics are discussed under the revenue section of the results of operations. For further discussion see “Note 9—Revenue Recognition” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2019

The table below sets forth certain items from our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income, the percentage of revenue for such items in the periods provided, and the period-over-period rate of change and percentage of revenue for the periods indicated.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Year-to-Year Change
|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Three Months Ended
|  | Dollars |  |  | Percentages |  |  | June 30, 2019 and 2020
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent
Revenue |  | $ | 353,987 |  |  | $ | 366,717 |  |  | 100.0% |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | (12,730 | ) |  | (3.5%)
Direct Costs |  |  | 223,407 |  |  |  | 235,053 |  |  | 63.1% |  |  |  | 64.1 | % |  |  | (11,646 | ) |  | (5.0%)
Operating Costs and Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect and selling expenses |  |  | 99,255 |  |  |  | 101,450 |  |  | 28.0% |  |  |  | 27.7 | % |  |  | (2,195 | ) |  | (2.2%)
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 5,064 |  |  |  | 5,595 |  |  | 1.4% |  |  |  | 1.5 | % |  |  | (531 | ) |  | (9.5%)
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 3,479 |  |  |  | 2,077 |  |  | 1.0% |  |  |  | 0.6 | % |  |  | 1,402 |  |  | 67.5%
Total Operating Costs and Expenses |  |  | 107,798 |  |  |  | 109,122 |  |  | 30.4% |  |  |  | 29.8 | % |  |  | (1,324 | ) |  | (1.2%)
Operating Income |  |  | 22,782 |  |  |  | 22,542 |  |  | 6.5% |  |  |  | 6.1 | % |  |  | 240 |  |  | 1.1%
Interest expense |  |  | (3,908 | ) |  |  | (2,934 | ) |  | (1.1%) |  |  |  | (0.8 | %) |  |  | (974 | ) |  | 33.2%
Other income |  |  | 349 |  |  |  | 186 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.1 | % |  |  | 163 |  |  | 87.6%
Income before Income Taxes |  |  | 19,223 |  |  |  | 19,794 |  |  | 5.4% |  |  |  | 5.4 | % |  |  | (571 | ) |  | (2.9%)
Provision for Income Taxes |  |  | 5,567 |  |  |  | 5,183 |  |  | 1.6% |  |  |  | 1.4 | % |  |  | 384 |  |  | 7.4%
Net Income |  | $ | 13,656 |  |  | $ | 14,611 |  |  | 3.8% |  |  |  | 4.0 | % |  | $ | (955 | ) |  | (6.5%)

Revenue. Revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $354.0 million, compared to $366.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, representing a decrease of $12.7 million or 3.5%. The decrease in revenue was attributable to a $13.6 million decrease in revenue from our commercial clients, partially offset by a $0.9 million increase in government client revenue. The decrease in commercial revenue was primarily due to a $13.2 million decrease in revenue from our consumer and financial services market clients. Some of these commercial clients perform work in travel-related markets and have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in government client revenue was the result of a $29.5 million increase in revenue from our federal government clients, including our ITG acquisition, partially offset by a $15.1 million decrease in revenue from our state and local government contracts, primarily due to decreases in the energy, environment and infrastructure client market in response to hurricane relief and recovery efforts, and a $13.5 million decrease in our international government clients.

Direct Costs. Direct costs for the three months ended June 30, 2020 were $223.4 million compared to $235.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $11.6 million or 5.0%. The decrease in direct costs was attributable to a $21.6 million decrease in subcontractor and other direct costs, partially offset by an $9.9 million increase in direct labor and associated fringe benefits. Subcontractor and other direct costs for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was 41.5% of direct costs compared to 48.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Direct labor and associated fringe benefits for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was 58.5% of direct costs compared to 51.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in subcontractor and other direct costs is primarily due the decline in our commercial client revenue, as those clients typically utilize a larger percentage of subcontractor and other direct costs, and a general decline in travel required to perform client work, offset by an increase in subcontractor and other direct costs from our federal government clients. The increase in direct labor and fringe costs is primarily due to our federal government clients, partially offset by a decline direct labor and fringe benefit costs from our commercial costs. The direct labor and fringe benefits from commercial clients decline both through the client demands and by the use of foreign government subsidies. Direct costs as a percent of revenue decreased to 63.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to 64.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2019.

Indirect and selling expenses. Indirect and selling expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $99.3 million compared to $101.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $2.2 million or 2.2% driven primarily by a decrease in travel-related costs, the impairment costs in the prior year and the decline in non-labor related administrative costs, partially offset by an increase in indirect labor and fringe expenses, including our ITG acquisition, to support the anticipated growth in revenue and costs associated with our investment in our infrastructure. Indirect and selling expenses as a percent of revenue increased to 28.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to 27.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2019.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization was $5.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $5.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in depreciation and amortization is the result of the accelerated depreciation of leasehold improvements on leases that terminated during the three months ended June 30, 2019.

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Amortization of intangible assets. Amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $3.5 million compared to $2.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The $1.4 million increase was primarily due to an increase in the amortization of $47.3 million of intangible assets related to the ITG acquisition, partially offset by reduced levels of amortization of intangible assets associated with prior acquisitions.

Operating Income. Operating income was $22.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $22.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $0.3 million or 1.1%. The increase in operating income was largely due to decreases in indirect and selling expense and depreciation and offset by a decrease in revenue. Operating income as a percentage of revenue increased to 6.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to 6.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in operating income as a percent of revenue is largely due to increases in gross margin as a percent of revenue and reduction in indirect and selling expense and depreciation and amortization as a percentage of revenue.

Interest expense. For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, interest expense was $3.9 million and $2.9 million resulting in an increase of $1.0 million, or 33.2%. The increase in interest expense was due to higher average debt balances, primarily due to the financing of the ITG acquisition, partially offset by lower average interest rates for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2019.

Other income (expense). For the three months ended June 30, 2020, other income was $0.3 million compared to other income of $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The change was primarily due to unrealized and realized foreign currency gains and losses, net for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to unrealized and realized foreign currency gains and losses, net for the three months ended June 30, 2019.

Provision for Income Taxes. For the three months ended June 30, 2020, income tax expense was $5.6 million compared to $5.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $0.4 million. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was 29.0% and 26.2%, respectively. The increase in the effective income tax rate was primarily due to non-deductible losses on certain investments in 2020 compared with 2019 partially offset by reduced expenses not deductible for income tax purposes in the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2019

The table below sets forth certain items from our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income, the percentage of revenue for such items in the periods provided, and the period-over-period rate of change and percentage of revenue for the periods indicated.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Year-to-Year Change
|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended
|  | Dollars |  |  | Percentages |  |  | June 30, 2019 and 2020
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent
Revenue |  | $ | 712,225 |  |  | $ | 707,971 |  |  | 100.0% |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 4,254 |  |  | 0.6%
Direct Costs |  |  | 454,023 |  |  |  | 451,002 |  |  | 63.7% |  |  | 63.7 | % |  |  | 3,021 |  |  | 0.7%
Operating Costs and Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect and selling expenses |  |  | 202,526 |  |  |  | 197,969 |  |  | 28.4% |  |  | 28.0 | % |  |  | 4,557 |  |  | 2.3%
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 10,243 |  |  |  | 10,357 |  |  | 1.4% |  |  | 1.5 | % |  |  | (114 | ) |  | (1.1%)
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 6,332 |  |  |  | 4,212 |  |  | 0.9% |  |  | 0.6 | % |  |  | 2,120 |  |  | 50.3%
Total Operating Costs and Expenses |  |  | 219,101 |  |  |  | 212,538 |  |  | 30.7% |  |  | 30.1 | % |  |  | 6,563 |  |  | 3.1%
Operating Income |  |  | 39,101 |  |  |  | 44,431 |  |  | 5.6% |  |  | 6.2 | % |  |  | (5,330 | ) |  | (12.0%)
Interest expense |  |  | (7,433 | ) |  |  | (5,387 | ) |  | (1.0%) |  |  | (0.8 | %) |  |  | (2,046 | ) |  | 38.0%
Other income (expense) |  |  | 539 |  |  |  | (226 | ) |  | 0.1% |  |  | — |  |  |  | 765 |  |  | (338.5%)
Income before Income Taxes |  |  | 32,207 |  |  |  | 38,818 |  |  | 4.7% |  |  | 5.4 | % |  |  | (6,611 | ) |  | (17.0%)
Provision for Income Taxes |  |  | 7,939 |  |  |  | 8,889 |  |  | 1.1% |  |  | 1.3 | % |  |  | (950 | ) |  | (10.7%)
Net Income |  | $ | 24,268 |  |  | $ | 29,929 |  |  | 3.6% |  |  | 4.1 | % |  | $ | (5,661 | ) |  | (18.9%)

Revenue. Revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $712.2 million, compared to $708.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, representing an increase of $4.3 million or 0.6%. The increase was attributable to a $15.6 million increase in government revenue offset by a $11.3 million decrease in our commercial clients. The increase in government clients was the result of a $52.9 million increase in revenue from our federal clients, including our ITG acquisition, offset by our state and local government contracts, primarily because of decreases in the energy, environment and infrastructure client market in response to hurricane relief and recovery efforts. The decrease in commercial revenue was primarily due to a $17.9 million decrease in our consumer and financial services market clients, offset by a $3.3 million increase decrease in our health, education and social program market clients, and a $3.3 million increase in our energy, environment, and infrastructure market clients. Some of the commercial clients perform work in travel-related markets and have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Direct Costs. Direct costs for the six months ended June 30, 2020 w as $454.0 million compared to $451.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $3.0 million or 0.7%. The increase in direct costs was attributable to an in crease of $21.7 million in direct labor and associated fringe benefits offset by $18.7 million decrease in subcontractor and other direct costs. The direct labor increase is the result of an increase in our government contract revenues, as discussed above. The de crease in subcontractor and other costs is due to the decline in revenues of contracts reliant upon subcontractor and other direct costs, such as marketing services and the hurricane relief and recovery efforts. Direct costs as a percent of revenue remained unchanged at 63.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to 63.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Indirect and selling expenses. Indirect and selling expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020 were $202.5 million compared to $198.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $4.5 million or 2.3%. The increase in indirect and selling expenses was primarily due to an increase in indirect labor and fringe of $ 7.7 million, including our ITG acquisition, offset by a decrease in general and administrative costs of $3.2 million. The increase in indirect labor is due to the general increase in labor year over year, and additional severance from our internal restructuring. The decrease in general and administrative costs, included a reduction of travel related expenses of $3.6 million, expenses related to the $1.7 million impairment of intangible assets in the prior year and the decline in non-labor related administrative costs, partially offset by increased costs to invest in our internal infrastructure and processes and an increase in professional fees and insurance costs associated with our acquisition activities. Indirect and selling expenses as a percent of revenue increased to 28.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to 28.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization was $10.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $10.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in depreciation and amortization is the result of accelerated depreciation of leasehold improvements on leases that terminated during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Amortization of intangible assets. Amortization of intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $6.3 million compared to $4.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The $2.1 million increase was primarily due to an increase in the amortization of $47.3 million of intangible assets related to the ITG acquisition, partially offset by reduced levels of amortization of intangible assets associated with prior acquisitions.

Operating Income. Operating income was $39.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $44.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $5.3 million or 12.0%. Operating income as a percentage of revenue decreased to 5.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to 6.2% for the same period in 2019. The changes were largely due to a constant margin with an increase in amortization of intangible assets and increase in our indirect and selling expenses.

Interest expense. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, interest expense was $7.4 million and $5.4 million resulting in an increase of $2.0 million or 38.0%. The higher interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was due to higher weighted average debt balances, primarily due to the financing of the ITG acquisition, partially offset by lower average interest rates for the six-month period ended June 30, 2020 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Other income (expense). For the six months ended June 30, 2020 other income was $0.5 million compared to other expense of $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The change was primarily due to net unrealized and realized foreign currency gains, net of the change in the value of foreign currency swaps, for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to net unrealized and realized foreign currency losses, net of the change in the value of foreign currency swaps, for the three months ended June 30, 2019.

Provision for Income Taxes. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, income tax expense was $7.9 million compared to $8.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.0 million and the effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was 24.6% and 22.9%, respectively. The increase in the effective income tax rate was primarily due to non-deductible losses on certain investments in 2020 compared with 2019 partially offset by reduced expenses not deductible for income tax purposes in the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

NON-GAAP MEASURES

Service Revenue

Service revenue represents revenue less subcontractor and other direct costs, which, among other things, include third-party materials and travel expenses. We believe service revenue is a useful measure to investors since, as a consulting firm, a key source of our profit is revenue obtained from the services that we provide to our clients through our employees. Service revenue is not a recognized term under U.S. GAAP and should not be considered an alternative to revenue as a measure of operating performance. This presentation of service revenue may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies because other companies may use different methods to prepare similarly titled measures.

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The table below presents a reconciliation of revenue to service revenue for the periods indicated:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Revenue |  | $ | 353,987 |  |  | $ | 366,717 |  |  | $ | 712,225 |  |  | $ | 707,971 |
Subcontractor and other direct costs |  |  | (92,789 | ) |  |  | (114,381 | ) |  |  | (195,625 | ) |  |  | (214,280 | )
Service revenue |  | $ | 261,198 |  |  | $ | 252,336 |  |  | $ | 516,600 |  |  | $ | 493,691 |

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

Earnings before interest and other income and/or expense, tax, and depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) is a measure we use to evaluate operating performance. We believe EBITDA is useful in assessing ongoing trends and, as a result, may provide greater visibility in understanding our operations.

Adjusted EBITDA is EBITDA further adjusted to eliminate the impact of certain items that we do not consider to be indicative of the performance of our ongoing operations. We evaluate these adjustments on an individual basis based on both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the item, including their size and nature as well as whether or not we expect them to occur as part of our normal business on a regular basis. We believe that the adjustments applied in calculating adjusted EBITDA are reasonable and appropriate to provide additional information to investors.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not recognized terms under U.S. GAAP and should not be used as alternatives to net income as a measure of operating performance. This presentation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies because other companies may use different methods to prepare similarly titled measures. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not intended to be measures of free cash flow for management’s discretionary use as these measures do not include certain cash requirements such as interest payments, tax payments, capital expenditures and debt service.

The following table presents a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated. Certain immaterial amounts in the prior year have been revised to conform with the current presentation of Adjusted EBITDA:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Net income |  | $ | 13,656 |  |  | $ | 14,611 |  |  | $ | 24,268 |  |  | $ | 29,929 |
Other (income) expense |  |  | (349 | ) |  |  | (186 | ) |  |  | (539 | ) |  |  | 226 |
Interest expense |  |  | 3,908 |  |  |  | 2,934 |  |  |  | 7,433 |  |  |  | 5,387 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 5,567 |  |  |  | 5,183 |  |  |  | 7,939 |  |  |  | 8,889 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 8,543 |  |  |  | 7,672 |  |  |  | 16,575 |  |  |  | 14,569 |
EBITDA |  |  | 31,325 |  |  |  | 30,214 |  |  |  | 55,676 |  |  |  | 59,000 |
Adjustment related to impairment of intangible assets (1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,728 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,728 |
Special charges related to acquisitions (2) |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,942 |  |  |  | — |
Special charges related to severance for staff realignment (3) |  |  | 1,078 |  |  |  | 701 |  |  |  | 2,848 |  |  |  | 1,155 |
Special charges related to facilities consolidations and office closures (4) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 69 |
Adjustment related to bad debt reserve (5) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (782 | )
Total special charges |  |  | 1,176 |  |  |  | 2,498 |  |  |  | 4,790 |  |  |  | 2,170 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 32,501 |  |  | $ | 32,712 |  |  | $ | 60,466 |  |  | $ | 61,170 |

(1) | Adjustment related to impairment of intangible assets: We recognized impairment expense of $1.7 million in the second quarter of 2019 related to intangible assets associated with a historical business acquisition.

(2) | Special charges related to acquisitions: These costs consist primarily of consultants and other outside third-party costs, as well as integration costs associated with an acquisition.

(3) | Special charges related to severance for staff realignment: These costs are mainly due to involuntary employee termination benefits for our officers, groups of employees who have been notified that they will be terminated as part of a consolidation or reorganization or, to the extent that the costs are not included in the previous two categories, involuntary employee termination benefits for employees who have been terminated as a result of COVID -19.

(4) | Special charges related to facilities consolidations and office closures: These costs are exit costs associated with terminated leases or full office closures. The exit costs include charges incurred under a contractual obligation that existed as of the date of the accrual and for which we will continue to pay until the contractual obligation is satisfied but with no economic benefit to us.

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(5) | Adjustment related to bad debt reserve: During 2018, we established a bad debt reserve for amounts due from a utility client that had filed for bankruptcy and included the reserve as an adjustment due to its relative size. The adjustment in 2019 reflects a favorable revision of our prior estimate of collectability based on a third party acquiring the receivables.

Non-GAAP Diluted Earnings per Share

Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) represents diluted EPS excluding the impact of certain items such as impairment of intangible assets, acquisition expenses, severance for staff realignment, facility consolidations and office closures, and certain adjustments to the bad debt reserve (which are also excluded from Adjusted EBITDA, as described further above), as well as the impact of amortization of intangible assets related to our acquisitions and income tax effects. While these adjustments may be recurring and not infrequent or unusual, we do not consider these adjustments to be indicative of the performance of our ongoing operations. Non-GAAP diluted EPS is not a recognized term under U.S. GAAP and is not an alternative to basic or diluted EPS as a measure of performance. This presentation of Non-GAAP diluted EPS may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies because other companies may use different methods to prepare similarly titled measures. We believe that the supplemental adjustments applied in calculating Non-GAAP diluted EPS are reasonable and appropriate to provide additional information to investors.

The following table presents a reconciliation of diluted EPS to Non-GAAP diluted EPS for the periods indicated:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Diluted EPS |  | $ | 0.72 |  |  | $ | 0.76 |  |  | $ | 1.27 |  |  | $ | 1.56 |
Adjustment related to impairment of intangible assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.09 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.09 |
Special charges related to acquisitions |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.10 |  |  |  | — |
Special charges related to severance for staff realignment |  |  | 0.06 |  |  |  | 0.04 |  |  |  | 0.15 |  |  |  | 0.06 |
Special charges related to facilities consolidations and office closures |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.05 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.05 |
Adjustment related to bad debt reserve |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.04 | )
Amortization of intangibles |  |  | 0.18 |  |  |  | 0.11 |  |  |  | 0.33 |  |  |  | 0.22 |
Income tax effects (1) |  |  | (0.07 | ) |  |  | (0.08 | ) |  |  | (0.14 | ) |  |  | (0.09 | )
Non-GAAP EPS |  | $ | 0.89 |  |  | $ | 0.97 |  |  | $ | 1.71 |  |  | $ | 1.85 |

(1) | Income tax effects were calculated using an effective U.S. GAAP tax rate of 29.0% and 26.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 24.6% and 22.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity and Borrowing Capacity. On March 3, 2020, we entered into the First Amendment (the “First Amendment”) to the Fifth Amended and Restated Business Loan and Security Agreement with a group of 10 lenders (the “Credit Facility”). The First Amendment amends the Fifth Amended and Restated Business Loan and Security Agreement, entered into on May 17, 2017. As a result of the First Amendment, we increased our borrowing capacity by $200.0 million through the addition of a $200.0 million term loan to the Credit Facility. The First Amendment also made certain other changes to the Credit Facility as described in “Note 4—Long-Term Debt” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report. Additionally, we incurred additional loan fees of $2.1 million.

We drew upon our Credit Facility to fund the ITG acquisition and to support our working capital needs. The improvement in cash flow from operations continues to be primarily driven by the timing of client billings and collections of our disaster relief and rebuild efforts. Due to factors such as political complexities and challenges among involved government agencies, the timing of cash flow from disaster relief and rebuild efforts is more uncertain than others. Moreover, the billing processes have complex reporting requirements and the funding processes have been slow to distribute funds once billed. Management continues to address the cash flows from the disaster relief and rebuild effort to bring the collections to a more current basis and reduce our need to draw upon our Credit Facility to fund operations.

Short-term liquidity requirements are created by our use of funds for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service, dividends and share repurchases. We expect to meet these requirements through a combination of cash flow from operations and borrowings. Our primary source of borrowings is from our Credit Facility, as described in “Note 4—Long-Term Debt” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report.

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In March 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the novel COVID-19 virus as a global pandemic. There is significant uncertainty as to effects of this pandemic on the global economy, which in turn may impact, among other things, our ability to generate historical levels of positive cash flows from operations and our ability to successfully execute and fund key initiatives. However, our current belief is that the combination of internally generated funds, available bank borrowings, and cash and cash equivalents on hand will provide the required liquidity and capital resources necessary to fund on-going operations, customary capital expenditures and acquisitions, quarterly cash dividends, share repurchases and organic growth. Additionally, we continuously analyze our capital structure to ensure we have sufficient capital to fund future significant, strategic acquisitions. We monitor the state of the financial markets on a regular basis to assess the availability and cost of additional capital resources both from debt and equity sources. We believe that we will be able to access these markets at commercially reasonable terms and conditions if, in the future, we need additional borrowings or capital.

Financial Condition. There were several changes in our consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2020 compared to the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019. Cash and cash equivalents increased to $9.1 million as of June 30, 2020, from $6.5 million on December 31, 2019. These changes are further discussed in “Cash Flow” below.

Contract receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, as of June 30, 2020 decreased to $224.4 million compared to $261.2 million on December 31, 2019 primarily due to improved collections from both the disaster relief and rebuild efforts and receivables overall. Contract receivables are a significant component of our working capital and may be favorably or unfavorably impacted by our collection efforts, including timing from new contract startups, and other short-term fluctuations related to the payment practices of our clients. Contract assets and contract liabilities, on a contract by contract basis, represent revenue in excess of billings, and billings in excess of revenue, respectively, both of which generally arise from revenue timing and contractually stipulated billing schedules or billing complexity. At June 30, 2020, contract assets and contract liabilities were $150.6 million and $30.1 million, respectively, compared to $142.3 million and $37.4 million, respectively, at December 31, 2019.

We evaluate our collections efforts using the days-sales-outstanding ratio, or DSO, which we calculate by dividing total accounts receivable (contract receivables, net and contract assets, less contract liabilities), by revenue per day for the three months ended June 30, 2020. Days-sales-outstanding increased from 83 days for the quarter ended December 31, 2019 to 88 days for the quarter ended June 30, 2020. We continue to be impacted by disaster relief and rebuild efforts which have complex reporting and billing requirements and have been slow to pay our invoices. The DSO, excluding disaster relief and rebuild efforts, was 77 days for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 compared to 70 days for the quarter ended December 31, 2019. We do experience seasonality with respect to DSO, in that our first quarter typically has a higher DSO as compared to other quarters. We did see an improvement for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2019 as the DSO, excluding disaster relief and rebuild efforts, was 77 days for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 84 days for the three months ended June 30, 2019. However, with the onset of COVID-19, we anticipate that current business environment will result in further increases to our DSO, as customers continue to consolidate their cash and try to extend their payment of outstanding receivables.

Property and equipment, net of depreciation and amortization, increased due to capital expenditures primarily related to increases in leasehold improvements, as part of the ITG acquisition, and in capitalized software and computer equipment, as we invest in our infrastructure, offset by depreciation and amortization expense.

Goodwill and other intangible assets, as discussed in “Note 3—Goodwill” and “Note 14 – Business Combinations” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report, increased due to the acquisition of ITG and the impact of foreign currency translation. On January 31, 2020, we acquired ITG, for the purchase price of $255.0 million (subject to post-closing and working capital adjustments). The acquisition resulted in the recording of $188.4 million in goodwill and $47.3 million in intangible assets.

Total current liabilities, exclusive of the current portion of operating lease liabilities and contract liabilities (as discussed above), consists of: accounts payable, accrued salaries and benefits, accrued subcontractors and other direct costs and accrued expenses and other current liabilities, which we call our operating liabilities. These operating liabilities were $196.1 million at June 30, 2020, a decrease of $72.0 million from $268.1 million at December 31, 2019. The net decrease in these liabilities was due primarily to timing of payments during the first quarter of 2020.

Long-term debt (exclusive of unamortized debt issuance costs) increased to $453.8 million on June 30, 2020 from $165.4 million on December 31, 2019, primarily due to net draws on our Credit Facility of $288.3 million to primarily fund the acquisition of ITG for approximately $253.1 million, current operations, and capital improvements. The average debt balance on the Credit Facility for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $493.5 million and $283.1 million and $449.0 million and $267.1 million, respectively. The average interest rate on the Credit Facility, excluding any fees and unamortized debt issuance costs, for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was 2.4% and 3.7%, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 2.7% and 3.7%. We generally utilize cash flow from operations as our primary source of funding and turn to our Credit Facility to fund temporary fluctuations such as increases in accounts receivable, reductions in accounts payable and accrued expenses, purchase of treasury stock, dividends and to meet funding requirements for acquisitions.

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We have explored various options for mitigating the risk associated with potential fluctuations in the foreign currencies in which we conduct transactions. We currently have forward contract agreements (“currency hedges”) in an amount proportionate to work anticipated to be performed under certain contracts in Europe. We recognize changes in the fair value of the currency hedges in our results of operations. We may increase the number, size and scope of our currency hedges as we analyze options for mitigating our foreign exchange risk. Management views the current impact of the currency hedges to the consolidated financial statements as not material.

On February 20, 2020, we entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap for an aggregate notional amount of $100.0 million to hedge a portion of our variable rate indebtedness. We designated the swap as a cash flow hedge. The swap requires us to pay a fixed rate of 1.294% per annum on the notional amount starting on February 28, 2020 to February 28, 2025. The floating-to-fixed interest rate settles monthly during the period of the cash flows and the realized gains and losses from the swap are recognized as a component of interest expense. On a quarterly basis, management evaluates the swap to determine its effectiveness and record the change in fair value as an adjustment to other comprehensive income or loss. Management intends that the swap remain effective.

Share Repurchase Program. In September 2017 the board of directors approved a share repurchase program that authorizes share repurchases in the aggregate up to $100.0 million. Our total repurchases are also limited by the Credit Facility as described in “Note 16—Share Repurchase Program” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report. Our overall repurchase limit is the lower of the amount imposed by our board of directors and by the Credit Facility. Previously, purchases under the repurchase program would be made from time to time at prevailing market prices in open market purchases or in privately negotiated transactions pursuant to Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and in accordance with applicable insider trading and other securities laws and regulations. On March 13, 2020, we terminated the Rule 10b5-1 element of the share repurchase program out of an abundance of caution given uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Purchases under Rule 10b-18 will be funded from existing cash balances and/or borrowings, and the repurchased shares will be held in treasury and used for general corporate purposes. The timing and extent to which we repurchase our shares will depend upon market conditions and other corporate considerations, as may be considered in our sole discretion. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we repurchased 206,820 shares under this program at an average price of $80.41 per share. The Credit Facility permits unlimited share repurchases, provided the Company’s Leverage Ratio, prior to and after giving effect to such repurchases, is not greater than 3.50 to 1.00. As of June 30, 2020, $51.4 million remained available for share repurchases under the Credit Facility.

Dividends. Cash dividends declared thus far in 2020 are as follows:

Dividend Declaration Date |  | Dividend Per Share |  |  | Record Date |  | Payment Date
February 27, 2020 |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | March 27, 2020 |  | April 13, 2020
May 5, 2020 |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | June 12, 2020 |  | July 14, 2020
August 4, 2020 |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | September 11, 2020 |  | October 13, 2020

Cash Flow. We consider cash on deposit and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. The following table sets forth our sources and uses of cash for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:

|  | Six Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities |  | $ | 10,801 |  |  | $ | (47,946 | )
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities |  |  | (262,105 | ) |  |  | (16,335 | )
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities |  |  | 254,366 |  |  |  | 57,492 |
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash |  |  | (480 | ) |  |  | 107 |
Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash |  | $ | 2,582 |  |  | $ | (6,682 | )

Our operating cash flows are primarily affected by the overall profitability of our contracts, our ability to invoice and collect from our clients in a timely manner, and the timing of vendor and subcontractor payments in accordance with negotiated payment terms. We bill most of our clients on a monthly basis after services are rendered. Operating activities provided $10.8 million in cash for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to cash used in operating activities of $47.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in cash flows from operations for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the prior year was primarily due to a decrease in contract receivables, partially offset by the decrease in accounts payable and other operating liabilities due to timing of payments, an increase in net contract assets and liabilities and the decrease in net income. The decrease in contract receivables is primarily due to the collection efforts across all of our clients, as evidenced by the decrease in DSO from 95 days for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 to 88 days for the quarter ended June 30, 2020. The DSO, excluding disaster relief and rebuild efforts, was 77 days for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 compared to 84 days for the quarter ended June 30, 2019.

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Investing activities used cash of $262.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $16.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Our cash flows used in investing activities consists primarily of payments for business acquisitions, net of cash received and capital expenditures. The cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2020 included payments for the ITG acquisition, net of cash acquired of $253.1 million, and capital expenditures of $9.0 million. The cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 included payments for business acquisition s of $1.8 million and $14.5 million of capital expenditures.

Our cash flows provided by financing activities consists primarily of debt and equity transactions. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, cash flows provided by financing activities was $254.4 million. This was largely attributed to cash provided by net advances on our Credit Facility of $288.3 million to fund the ITG acquisition and to meet operating cash flow needs, partially offset by cash used for net payments for stock issuances and buybacks of $23.0 million, primarily representing shares repurchased under our share repurchase program, payments of cash dividends totaling $5.3 million, and payment of debt financing costs of $2.1 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, cash flows provided by financing activities was $57.5 million. This was largely attributable to net advances on our Credit Facility of $88.1 million, partially offset by cash used for payments for stock issuances and buybacks of $24.2 million and payments of cash dividends totaling $5.3 million.

Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The broad effects of the COVID-19 outbreak have resulted in negative impacts on the global economy and financial markets and may affect our interest rates and cause foreign currency fluctuations.

Except as noted above, there have been no material changes in the disclosures discussed in the section entitled “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report.

Item 4. | Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting. As of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. We performed the evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective for the purpose of ensuring that the information required to be disclosed in our reports filed with the SEC under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. There have been no significant changes in our internal controls over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f), during the periods covered by this Quarterly Report or, to our knowledge, in other factors that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls. Control systems, no matter how well conceived and operated, are designed to provide a reasonable, but not an absolute, level of assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been or will be detected. Because of the inherent limitations in any control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be detected.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. | Legal Proceedings

We are involved in various legal matters and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. While these matters and proceedings cause us to incur costs, including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees, we currently believe that any ultimate liability arising out of these matters and proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Item 1A. | Risk Factors

The risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 are updated by adding the following:

We face various risks related to health epidemics, pandemics and similar outbreaks, which may have material adverse effects on our business, financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows.

We face various risks and uncertainties related to health epidemics, pandemics and similar outbreaks, including the global pandemic resulting from the outbreak of the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”). These risks relate to, among other things, the demand for our services, the availability of our staffing and business partners, a possible slowdown of client decision-making as to our services, a significant deterioration of global business conditions, and a possible reprioritization of spending by our clients.

We serve both government and commercial clients around the globe, with our services concentrated in the U.S. and Europe, both of which have experienced severe levels of COVID-19 illness. The effects of the pandemic on client needs, priorities, spending patterns and decision-making can be significant and have a material effect on our activity levels and revenues.

The pandemic may also affect significant portions of our workforce, and that of our subcontractors and other suppliers and business partners, who may be unable to work effectively due to illness, quarantines, government actions, facility closures or other reasons in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, our operations and operating results could be adversely affected by factors such as inability to perform fully or efficiently on our contracts, and some of our costs may not be fully recoverable or be adequately covered by insurance.

It is possible that the spread of COVID-19 may also cause delays in the willingness or ability of clients to perform, including making timely payments to us, and other unpredictable events.

In addition, the volatility in the global capital markets resulting from the pandemic and related business conditions could restrict our access to capital and/or increase our cost of capital.

We continue to work with our stakeholders (including customers, employees, subcontractors and other suppliers and business partners) to assess, address and mitigate the impact this global pandemic. At this time, we cannot predict the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, but it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows.

Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchase of Equity Securities by Issuer. The following table summarizes our share repurchase activity for the three months ended June 30, 2020:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)(2) |  |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  |  | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (3) |
April 1 - April 30 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 51,379,133 |
May 1 - May 31 |  |  | 791 |  |  | $ | 64.87 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 51,379,133 |
June 1 - June 30 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 51,379,133 |
Total |  |  | 791 |  |  | $ | 64.87 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |

(1) | The total number of shares purchased of 791 includes shares purchased from employees to pay required withholding taxes related to the settlement of any restricted stock units and performance-based share awards in accordance with our applicable long-term incentive plan.

(2) | During the three months ended June 30, 2020, we repurchased 791 shares of common stock from employees in satisfaction of tax withholding obligations at an average price of $64.87 per share.

(3) | The current share repurchase program authorizes share repurchases in the aggregate up to $100.0 million, not to exceed the amount allowed under the Credit Facility. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, we did not repurchase any shares under the stock repurchase program.

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Item 3. | Defaults U pon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. | Other Information

None.

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Item 6. | Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit
10.1 |  | First Amendment to Fifth Amended and Restated Business Loan and Security Agreement (together with Exhibit A thereto), dated March 3, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K, filed on March 5, 2020).
31.1 |  | Certificate of the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a). *
31.2 |  | Certificate of the Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a). *
32.1 |  | Certification of the Executive Chairman pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
32.2 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
101 |  | The following materials from the ICF International, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 formatted in Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (iv) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.*
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* | Submitted electronically herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| ICF INTERNATIONAL, INC.
August 5, 2020 | By: |  | /s/ John Wasson
|  |  | John Wasson
|  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
August 5, 2020 | By: |  | /s/ Bettina Welsh
|  |  | Bettina Welsh
|  |  | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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