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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission File Number: 001-33045

ICF International, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware |  | 22-3661438
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
9300 Lee Highway, Fairfax, VA |  | 22031
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (703) 934-3000

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

Title of each class | Trading Symbols(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock | ICFI | NASDAQ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of ‘‘large accelerated filer,’’ ‘‘accelerated filer,’’ ‘‘smaller reporting company,’’ and ‘‘emerging growth company’’ in Rule 12b–2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  |  |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  |  |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
|  |  |  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

As of October 29, 2021, there were 18,875,187 shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock.

ICF INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE

PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 3
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 3
| Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2021 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2020 | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 | 5
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 20
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 31
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 31
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | 32
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 32
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 32
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 32
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 32
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 32
Item 5. | Other Information | 32
Item 6. | Exhibits | 33

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. | Financial Statements

ICF International, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) |  | September 30, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 7,883 |  |  | $ | 13,841 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 34,419 |  |  |  | 68,146 |
Contract receivables, net |  |  | 215,323 |  |  |  | 222,850 |
Contract assets |  |  | 154,804 |  |  |  | 143,369 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  | 31,109 |  |  |  | 25,492 |
Income tax receivable |  |  | 4,999 |  |  |  | 1,977 |
Total Current Assets |  |  | 448,537 |  |  |  | 475,675 |
Property and Equipment, net |  |  | 51,602 |  |  |  | 62,434 |
Other Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  |  | 909,226 |  |  |  | 909,913 |
Other intangible assets, net |  |  | 50,816 |  |  |  | 59,887 |
Operating lease - right-of-use assets |  |  | 103,923 |  |  |  | 127,132 |
Other assets |  |  | 41,509 |  |  |  | 32,249 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 1,605,613 |  |  | $ | 1,667,290 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 10,000 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 96,644 |  |  |  | 91,365 |
Contract liabilities |  |  | 38,108 |  |  |  | 42,050 |
Operating lease liabilities - current |  |  | 35,418 |  |  |  | 23,350 |
Accrued salaries and benefits |  |  | 89,790 |  |  |  | 80,512 |
Accrued subcontractors and other direct costs |  |  | 41,782 |  |  |  | 78,842 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 70,435 |  |  |  | 100,908 |
Total Current Liabilities |  |  | 382,177 |  |  |  | 427,027 |
Long-term Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  | 269,732 |  |  |  | 303,214 |
Operating lease liabilities - non-current |  |  | 87,532 |  |  |  | 115,614 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 39,202 |  |  |  | 34,330 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 36,418 |  |  |  | 40,144 |
Total Liabilities |  |  | 815,061 |  |  |  | 920,329 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 18) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, par value $.001; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock, par value $.001; 70,000,000 shares authorized; 23,497,782 and 23,305,255 shares issued at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively; 18,869,892 and 18,909,983 shares outstanding at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 23 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 380,215 |  |  |  | 369,058 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 639,862 |  |  |  | 588,731 |
Treasury stock, 4,627,890 and 4,395,272 shares at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively |  |  | (216,683 | ) |  |  | (196,745 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (12,865 | ) |  |  | (14,106 | )
Total Stockholders’ Equity |  |  | 790,552 |  |  |  | 746,961 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  | $ | 1,605,613 |  |  | $ | 1,667,290 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

3

ICF International, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
(in thousands, except per share amounts) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Revenue |  | $ | 394,060 |  |  | $ | 360,315 |  |  | $ | 1,165,063 |  |  | $ | 1,072,540 |
Direct costs |  |  | 254,175 |  |  |  | 223,288 |  |  |  | 732,903 |  |  |  | 677,311 |
Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect and selling expenses |  |  | 99,940 |  |  |  | 100,123 |  |  |  | 316,100 |  |  |  | 302,649 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 4,665 |  |  |  | 5,143 |  |  |  | 14,663 |  |  |  | 15,386 |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 3,015 |  |  |  | 3,511 |  |  |  | 9,049 |  |  |  | 9,843 |
Total operating costs and expenses |  |  | 107,620 |  |  |  | 108,777 |  |  |  | 339,812 |  |  |  | 327,878 |
Operating income |  |  | 32,265 |  |  |  | 28,250 |  |  |  | 92,348 |  |  |  | 67,351 |
Interest expense |  |  | (2,550 | ) |  |  | (3,488 | ) |  |  | (7,845 | ) |  |  | (10,921 | )
Other income (expense) |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | (223 | ) |  |  | (382 | ) |  |  | 316 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 29,796 |  |  |  | 24,539 |  |  |  | 84,121 |  |  |  | 56,746 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 9,406 |  |  |  | 6,668 |  |  |  | 25,068 |  |  |  | 14,607 |
Net income |  | $ | 20,390 |  |  | $ | 17,871 |  |  | $ | 59,053 |  |  | $ | 42,139 |
Earnings per Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 1.08 |  |  | $ | 0.95 |  |  | $ | 3.13 |  |  | $ | 2.24 |
Diluted |  | $ | 1.07 |  |  | $ | 0.94 |  |  | $ | 3.10 |  |  | $ | 2.20 |
Weighted-average Shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 18,865 |  |  |  | 18,853 |  |  |  | 18,864 |  |  |  | 18,841 |
Diluted |  |  | 19,061 |  |  |  | 19,086 |  |  |  | 19,077 |  |  |  | 19,111 |
Cash dividends declared per common share |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  | $ | 0.42 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax |  |  | (1,971 | ) |  |  | 3,671 |  |  |  | 1,241 |  |  |  | (7,616 | )
Comprehensive income, net of tax |  | $ | 18,419 |  |  | $ | 21,542 |  |  | $ | 60,294 |  |  | $ | 34,523 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

4

ICF International, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 59,053 |  |  | $ | 42,139 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for credit losses |  |  | 11,324 |  |  |  | 1,517 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 4,062 |  |  |  | 7,838 |
Non-cash equity compensation |  |  | 9,756 |  |  |  | 9,472 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 23,712 |  |  |  | 25,229 |
Non-cash lease expense |  |  | (4,743 | ) |  |  | (1,540 | )
Facilities consolidation reserve |  |  | (225 | ) |  |  | (214 | )
Amortization of debt issuance costs |  |  | 463 |  |  |  | 557 |
Impairment of long-lived assets |  |  | 339 |  |  |  | — |
Other adjustments, net |  |  | 1,818 |  |  |  | (738 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effects of acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net contract assets and liabilities |  |  | (16,381 | ) |  |  | 2,842 |
Contract receivables |  |  | (6,688 | ) |  |  | 49,428 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  | (9,224 | ) |  |  | 1,084 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 5,653 |  |  |  | (65,044 | )
Accrued salaries and benefits |  |  | 10,377 |  |  |  | 29,418 |
Accrued subcontractors and other direct costs |  |  | (36,436 | ) |  |  | (7,622 | )
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 17,002 |  |  |  | (9,107 | )
Income tax receivable and payable |  |  | (3,490 | ) |  |  | (4,380 | )
Other liabilities |  |  | (1,609 | ) |  |  | 14,292 |
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities |  |  | 64,763 |  |  |  | 95,171 |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures for property and equipment and capitalized software |  |  | (12,279 | ) |  |  | (12,910 | )
Payments for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired |  |  | — |  |  |  | (253,090 | )
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities |  |  | (12,279 | ) |  |  | (266,000 | )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advances from working capital facilities |  |  | 559,830 |  |  |  | 946,201 |
Payments on working capital facilities |  |  | (593,775 | ) |  |  | (736,645 | )
Payments on capital expenditure obligations |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,712 | )
Receipt of restricted contract funds |  |  | 194,504 |  |  |  | — |
Payment of restricted contract funds |  |  | (227,700 | ) |  |  | — |
Debt issue costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,093 | )
Proceeds from exercise of options |  |  | 2,773 |  |  |  | 37 |
Dividends paid |  |  | (7,923 | ) |  |  | (7,910 | )
Net payments for stock issuances and buybacks |  |  | (18,695 | ) |  |  | (23,247 | )
Payments on business acquisition liabilities |  |  | (682 | ) |  |  | (1,924 | )
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities |  |  | (91,668 | ) |  |  | 172,707 |
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash |  |  | (501 | ) |  |  | (123 | )
(Decrease) Increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash |  |  | (39,685 | ) |  |  | 1,755 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash, Beginning of Period |  |  | 81,987 |  |  |  | 6,482 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash, End of Period |  | $ | 42,302 |  |  | $ | 8,237 |
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 7,882 |  |  | $ | 11,331 |
Income taxes |  | $ | 25,062 |  |  | $ | 11,138 |
Non-cash investing and financing transactions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tenant improvements funded by lessor |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,207 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in tables in thousands, except per share data or otherwise noted)

NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ICF International, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”), and have been prepared in accordance with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Nature of Operations

The Company provides professional services and technology-based solutions to government and commercial clients, including management, marketing, technology, and policy consulting and implementation services, in the areas of energy, environment, and infrastructure; health, education, and social programs; safety and security; and consumer and financial services. The Company offers a full range of services to these clients throughout the entire life cycle of a policy, program, project, or initiative, from research and analysis and assessment and advice to design and implementation of programs and technology-based solutions, and the provision of engagement services and programs.

The Company’s major clients are U.S. federal government departments and agencies, most significantly the Department of Health and Human Services, Department of State, and Department of Defense. The Company also serves U.S. state (including territories) and local government departments and agencies, international governments, and commercial clients worldwide. Commercial clients include airlines, airports, electric and gas utilities, health care companies, banks and other financial services companies, transportation, travel and hospitality firms, non-profits/associations, law firms, manufacturing firms, retail chains, and distribution companies. The term “federal” or “federal government” refers to the U.S. federal government, and “state and local” or “state and local government” refers to U.S. state (including territories) and local governments, unless otherwise indicated.

The Company, incorporated in Delaware, is headquartered in Fairfax, Virginia. The Company maintains additional offices throughout the world, including 55 offices in the U.S. and U.S. territories and 24 offices in key markets outside the U.S., including offices in the United Kingdom, Belgium, China, India, and Canada.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Areas of the consolidated financial statements where estimates may have the most significant effect include contractual and regulatory reserves, valuation and lives of tangible and intangible assets, contingent consideration related to business acquisitions, impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets, accrued liabilities, revenue recognition and costs to complete fixed-price contracts, bonus and other incentive compensation, stock-based compensation, reserves for tax benefits and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, provisions for income taxes, collectability of receivables, and loss accruals for litigation. Actual results experienced by the Company may differ from management's estimates.

Interim Results

The unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These rules and regulations permit some of the information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements, prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, to be condensed or omitted. In management’s opinion, the unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments that are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations and financial position of the Company for the interim periods presented. The Company reports operating results and financial data in one operating segment and reporting unit. Operating results for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021 (the “Annual Report”).

6

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

| September 30, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Deposits | $ | 14,069 |  |  | $ | 9,881 |
Restricted deposits |  | 34,404 |  |  |  | 68,138 |
Accrued IT and software licensing costs |  | 1,445 |  |  |  | 2,157 |
Accrued taxes and insurance premiums |  | 3,504 |  |  |  | 4,327 |
Accrued facilities rental and lease exit costs |  | 1,351 |  |  |  | 780 |
Accrued interest |  | 236 |  |  |  | 214 |
Accrued professional services |  | 3,825 |  |  |  | 2,094 |
Accrued dividends |  | 2,641 |  |  |  | 2,641 |
Contingent liabilities from acquisitions |  | — |  |  |  | 683 |
Interest rate swap liability - current |  | 3,584 |  |  |  | 3,693 |
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities |  | 5,376 |  |  |  | 6,300 |
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 70,435 |  |  | $ | 100,908 |

Reclassifications

The Company has reclassified “Non-cash lease expense” which was previously part of “Other adjustments, net” on the consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 for consistency of presentation with the same period in 2021.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update 2020-04, Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The standard is intended to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the U.S. GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. The provisions of this ASU are elective and apply to all entities, subject to meeting certain criteria, that have debt or hedging contracts, among other contracts, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The Company can elect to not apply certain modification accounting requirements to contracts affected by reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met. Also, the Company can elect various optional expedients that would allow for the Company to continue to apply hedge accounting for hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met. This guidance was effective beginning on March 12, 2020, and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2 – RESTRICTED CASH

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented to the total of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Beginning |  |  | Ending |  |  | Beginning |  |  | Ending |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 13,841 |  |  | $ | 7,883 |  |  | $ | 6,482 |  |  | $ | 8,237 |
Restricted cash (1) |  |  | 68,146 |  |  |  | 34,419 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows |  | $ | 81,987 |  |  | $ | 42,302 |  |  | $ | 6,482 |  |  | $ | 8,237 |

| (1) | Under a contract with a customer that commenced in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, the Company received advance payments to be used to pay providers of services to the customer, a separate third-party. The advanced payments are treated as restricted cash as the Company is required under the contract to distribute the advanced funds to the third-party providers of services or return the advanced funds to the customer. Because the Company receives the advance payments from the customer, which must be refunded to the customer or remitted to a third party, the cash receipts are treated as borrowings and recorded in restricted cash and accrued expenses and other current

7

|  | liabilities rather than receipts for the provision of goods or services. Therefore, these cash receipts are presented in the consolidated statement s of cash flows as financing cash inflows, “R eceipt of restricted contract funds”, with the subsequent payments classified as financing cash outflows, “P ayment of restricted contract funds.”

NOTE 3 – CONTRACT RECEIVABLES, NET

Contract receivables, net consisted of the following:

|  | September 30, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Billed and billable |  | $ | 223,791 |  |  | $ | 230,466 |
Allowance for expected credit losses |  |  | (8,468 | ) |  |  | (7,616 | )
Contract receivables, net |  | $ | 215,323 |  |  | $ | 222,850 |

NOTE 4 – GOODWILL

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the nine-months period ended September 30, 2021 were as follows:

Balance as of December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 909,913 |
Effect of foreign currency translation |  |  | (687 | )
Balance as of September 30, 2021 |  | $ | 909,226 |

NOTE 5 – LEASES

The Company has operating leases for facilities and equipment which have remaining terms ranging from 1 to 12 years. The leases may include options to extend the lease periods for up to 5 years at rates approximating market rates and/or options to terminate the leases within 1 year. The leases may include a residual value guarantee or a responsibility to return the property to its original state of use. A limited number of leases contain provisions that provide for rental increases based on consumer price indices. The change in rent expense resulting from changes in these indices are included within variable rent.

Operating leases consisted of the following at September 30, 2021:

|  | September 30, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Real estate facilities |  | $ | 156,020 |  |  | $ | 157,010 |
Office equipment |  |  | 2,117 |  |  |  | 1,864 |
Other |  |  | 690 |  |  |  | 580 |
|  |  | 158,827 |  |  |  | 159,454 |
Amortization of right-of-use assets |  |  | (54,904 | ) |  |  | (32,322 | )
Total operating lease right-of-use assets |  | $ | 103,923 |  |  | $ | 127,132 |

Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Rent expense consists of the following:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, 2021 |  |  | September 30, 2020 |  |  | September 30, 2021 |  |  | September 30, 2020 |
Operating lease costs |  | $ | 8,557 |  |  | $ | 9,605 |  |  | $ | 26,004 |  |  | $ | 28,375 |
Short-term lease costs |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | 276 |  |  |  | 327 |  |  |  | 1,149 |
Variable lease costs |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | 2 |
Total rent expense |  | $ | 8,661 |  |  | $ | 9,882 |  |  | $ | 26,363 |  |  | $ | 29,526 |

8

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of September 30, 2021 were as follows:

September 30, 2022 |  | $ | 38,473 |
September 30, 2023 |  |  | 24,552 |
September 30, 2024 |  |  | 18,476 |
September 30, 2025 |  |  | 13,622 |
September 30, 2026 |  |  | 12,606 |
Thereafter |  |  | 27,346 |
Total future minimum lease payments |  |  | 135,075 |
Less: Interest |  |  | (12,125 | )
Total operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 122,950 |
Operating lease liabilities - current |  | $ | 35,418 |
Operating lease liabilities - non-current |  |  | 87,532 |
Total operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 122,950 |

Other information related to operating leases is as follows:

|  | September 30, 2021 |  |  | September 30, 2020 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  | $ | 18,743 |  |  | $ | 29,248 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 969 |  |  | $ | 29,581 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases |  |  | 5.7 |  |  |  | 6.0 |
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases |  |  | 3.3 | % |  |  | 3.4 | %

At September 30, 2021, the Company had an additional operating lease that had not yet commenced with a potential lease liability of $113.3 million. The operating lease has a term of approximately 18 years and is now anticipated to commence on January 1, 2022 (previously March 1, 2022) when the Company takes possession of the property upon completion of buildouts.

NOTE 6 – LONG-TERM DEBT

At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, debt consisted of:

|  | September 30, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
|  | Average Interest Rate |  |  | Outstanding Balance |  |  | Average Interest Rate |  |  | Outstanding Balance |
Term Loan |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 185,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 192,500 |
Revolving Credit |  |  |  |  |  |  | 96,836 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 123,281 |
Total before debt issuance costs |  | 1.70% |  |  |  | 281,836 |  |  | 2.35% |  |  |  | 315,781 |
Unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,104 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,567 | )
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 279,732 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 313,214 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,000 |
Long-term debt - non-current |  |  |  |  |  |  | 269,732 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 303,214 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 279,732 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 313,214 |

On March 3, 2020, the Company entered into the First Amendment (the “First Amendment”) to the Fifth Amended and Restated Business Loan and Security Agreement with a group of ten commercial banks (the “Credit Facility”). The First Amendment amended the Fifth Amended and Restated Business Loan and Security Agreement to, among other things, (i) add a new term loan facility in the original principal amount of $200.0 million; (ii) increase the swing line commitment amount by $25.0 million to $75.0 million; (iii) extend the maturity date; and (iv) modify certain definitions and certain covenants. As a result, the Credit Facility now consists of (i) a term loan facility of $200.0 million; (ii) a revolving line of credit of up to $600.0 million with additional revolving credit commitments of up to $300.0 million, subject to lenders’ approval (the “Accordion”); and (iii) a sub-limit of $75.0 million for swing line loans. The Credit Facility matures on March 3, 2025.

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The Company has the option to borrow funds under the Credit Facility at interest rates based on both LIBOR (1, 3, or 6-month rates) and the Base Rate (as defined herein), at its discretion, plus their applicable margins. Base Rates are fluctuating per annum rates of interest equal to the highest of (i) the Overnight Bank Funding Rate, plus 0.5%, (ii) the Prime Rate (as defined under the Credit Facility) and (iii) the daily LIBOR rate, plus a LIBOR margin between 1.00% and 2.00% based on its Leverage Ratio (as defined under the Credit Facility). The interest accrued based on LIBOR 1 or 3-month rates is to be paid on the last business day of the interest period and on the last day of the third month for 6-month LIBOR rate, while interest accrued based on the Base Rate is to be paid in quarterly installments. The Credit Facility also provides for letters of credit aggregating up to $60.0 million which reduce the funds available under the Credit Facility when issued. The unused portion of the Credit Facility is subject to a commitment fee between 0.13% and 0.25% per annum based on the Leverage Ratio.

The Credit Facility is collateralized by substantially all the assets of the Company and requires that the Company remain in compliance with certain financial and non-financial covenants. The financial covenants require, among other things, that the Company maintain at all times an Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined under the Credit Facility) of not less than 3.00 to 1.00 and a Leverage Ratio of not more than 4.00 to 1.00 (subject to a step-up to 4.25 to 1.0 for a four quarter period following permitted acquisitions as defined under the Credit Facility) for each fiscal quarter. As of September 30, 2021, the Company was in compliance with its covenants under the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility also has a conforming dividend covenant that allows the Company to pay dividends as long as it remains in compliance with the financial covenants set forth in the Credit Facility.

As of September 30, 2021, the Company had $281.8 million debt outstanding from the Credit Facility (including the term loan, exclusive of unamortized debt issuance costs), outstanding standby letters of credit totaling $3.3 million, net derivative obligations of $5.7 million and unused borrowing capacity of $499.9 million under the Credit Facility (excluding the Accordion and the term loan). Taking into account the financial, performance-based limitations, available borrowing capacity (excluding the Accordion and the term loan) was $373.0 million as of September 30, 2021.

Future scheduled repayments of debt principal are as follows:

Payments due by |  | Term Loan |  |  | Revolving Credit |  |  | Total |
September 30, 2022 |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,000 |
September 30, 2023 |  |  | 12,500 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,500 |
September 30, 2024 |  |  | 15,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15,000 |
March 3, 2025 (Maturity) |  |  | 147,500 |  |  |  | 96,836 |  |  |  | 244,336 |
Total |  | $ | 185,000 |  |  | $ | 96,836 |  |  | $ | 281,836 |

NOTE 7 – REVENUE RECOGNITION

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company disaggregates revenue from clients, most of which is earned over time, into categories that depict how the nature, amount and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Those categories are client market, client type and contract mix. Client markets provide insight into the breadth of the Company’s expertise. In classifying revenue by client market, the Company attributes revenue from a client to the market that the Company believes is the client’s primary market. The Company also classifies revenue by the type of entity for which it does business, which is an indicator of the diversity of its client base. The Company attributes revenue generated from being a subcontractor to a commercial company as government revenue when the ultimate client is a government agency or department. Disaggregation by contract mix provides insight in terms of the degree of performance risk that the Company has assumed. Fixed-price contracts are considered to provide the highest amount of performance risk as the Company is required to deliver a scope of work or level of effort for a negotiated fixed price. Time-and-materials contracts require the Company to provide skilled employees on contracts for negotiated fixed hourly rates. Since the Company is not required to deliver a scope of work, but merely skilled employees, it considers these contracts to be less risky than a fixed-price agreement. Cost-based contracts are considered to provide the lowest amount of performance risk since the Company is generally reimbursed for all contract costs incurred in performance of contract deliverables with only the amount of incentive or award fees (if applicable) dependent on the achievement of negotiated performance requirements.

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Changes in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were driven by an increase in the health, education, and social programs client market led by revenue from U.S. federal government, U.S. state and local government, and international government clients, an increase of revenue in the energy, environment, and infrastructure client market primarily in revenue from international government clients, and an increase in the consumer and financial services client market led by revenue from U.S. commercial clients. Revenue from safety and security client market saw decreases in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to 2020, mainly from U.S. federal government clients.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |
Client Markets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Energy, environment, and infrastructure |  | $ | 156,661 |  |  |  | 40 | % |  | $ | 147,188 |  |  |  | 41 | % |  | $ | 488,018 |  |  |  | 42 | % |  | $ | 445,592 |  |  |  | 42 | %
Health, education, and social programs |  |  | 182,334 |  |  |  | 46 | % |  |  | 158,297 |  |  |  | 44 | % |  |  | 508,255 |  |  |  | 44 | % |  |  | 461,808 |  |  |  | 43 | %
Safety and security |  |  | 28,304 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 30,539 |  |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 89,120 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 90,944 |  |  |  | 8 | %
Consumer and financial services |  |  | 26,761 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 24,291 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 79,670 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 74,196 |  |  |  | 7 | %
Total |  | $ | 394,060 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 360,315 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,165,063 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,072,540 |  |  |  | 100 | %

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |
Client Type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal government |  | $ | 195,107 |  |  |  | 49 | % |  | $ | 175,126 |  |  |  | 49 | % |  | $ | 553,232 |  |  |  | 48 | % |  | $ | 501,525 |  |  |  | 47 | %
U.S. state and local government |  |  | 58,516 |  |  |  | 15 | % |  |  | 50,819 |  |  |  | 14 | % |  |  | 173,451 |  |  |  | 15 | % |  |  | 169,001 |  |  |  | 16 | %
International government |  |  | 32,249 |  |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 20,194 |  |  |  | 5 | % |  |  | 107,175 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 60,861 |  |  |  | 5 | %
Total Government |  |  | 285,872 |  |  |  | 72 | % |  |  | 246,139 |  |  |  | 68 | % |  |  | 833,858 |  |  |  | 72 | % |  |  | 731,387 |  |  |  | 68 | %
Commercial |  |  | 108,188 |  |  |  | 28 | % |  |  | 114,176 |  |  |  | 32 | % |  |  | 331,205 |  |  |  | 28 | % |  |  | 341,153 |  |  |  | 32 | %
Total |  | $ | 394,060 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 360,315 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,165,063 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,072,540 |  |  |  | 100 | %

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent |
Contract Mix: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time-and-materials |  | $ | 157,571 |  |  |  | 40 | % |  | $ | 168,250 |  |  |  | 47 | % |  | $ | 479,632 |  |  |  | 41 | % |  | $ | 504,772 |  |  |  | 47 | %
Fixed price |  |  | 166,121 |  |  |  | 42 | % |  |  | 135,260 |  |  |  | 37 | % |  |  | 473,901 |  |  |  | 41 | % |  |  | 392,525 |  |  |  | 37 | %
Cost-based |  |  | 70,368 |  |  |  | 18 | % |  |  | 56,805 |  |  |  | 16 | % |  |  | 211,530 |  |  |  | 18 | % |  |  | 175,243 |  |  |  | 16 | %
Total |  | $ | 394,060 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 360,315 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,165,063 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,072,540 |  |  |  | 100 | %

Contract Balances:

Contract assets consist primarily of unbilled amounts resulting from long-term contracts when revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed often due to billing schedule timing. Contract liabilities result from advance payments received on a contract or from billings in excess of revenue recognized on long-term contracts due to billing schedule timing.

The following table summarizes the contract balances as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

|  | September 30, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Contract assets |  | $ | 154,804 |  |  | $ | 143,369 |  |  | $ | 11,435 |  |  |  | 8.0 | %
Contract liabilities |  |  | (38,108 | ) |  |  | (42,050 | ) |  |  | 3,942 |  |  |  | (9.4 | %)
Net contract assets (liabilities) |  | $ | 116,696 |  |  | $ | 101,319 |  |  | $ | 15,377 |  |  |  | 15.2 | %

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The net contract assets (liabilities) as of September 30, 2021 increased by $15.4 million as compared to December 31, 2020. The increase in net contract assets (liabilities) is primarily due to the timing difference between the performance of services and billings to and payments from customers. There were no material changes to contract balances due to impairments during the period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized $21.7 million and $21.5 million in revenue related to the contract liabilities balance at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Performance Obligations:

The Company had $1.4 billion in unfulfilled performance obligations as of September 30, 2021 which primarily entail the future delivery of services for which revenue will be recognized over time. The obligations relate to continued or additional services required on non-cancelable contracts and were generally valued using an estimated cost-plus margin approach, with variable consideration being estimated at the most likely amount. The amounts exclude marketing offers which are negotiated but unexercised contract options and indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity (IDIQ) and similar arrangements that provided a framework for customers to issue specific tasks, delivery, or purchase orders in the future. The Company expects to satisfy the unfulfilled performance obligations, on average, in one to two years.

NOTE 8 – DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The Company manages its risk to changes in interest rates through the use of derivative instruments. The Company does not hold derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. For variable rate borrowings, the Company uses fixed interest rate swaps, effectively converting a portion of the variable interest rate payments to fixed interest rate payments. These swaps are designated as cash flow hedges.

A summary of interest rate swap derivatives designated as cash flow hedges as of September 30, 2021 are as follows:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Dates of Effected Cash Flows
Date of Interest Rate Swap Agreement |  | Notional Amount ($million) |  |  | Paid Fixed Interest Rate% |  |  | Beginning |  | Ending
September 30, 2016 (1) |  | $ | 100.0 |  |  | - |  |  | January 31, 2018 |  | January 31, 2023
August 31, 2017 |  | $ | 25.0 |  |  | 1.8475% |  |  | August 31, 2018 |  | August 31, 2023
August 8, 2018 |  | $ | 50.0 |  |  | 2.8540% |  |  | August 31, 2018 |  | August 31, 2023
August 8, 2018 |  | $ | 25.0 |  |  | 2.8510% |  |  | August 31, 2018 |  | August 31, 2023
February 20, 2020 |  | $ | 100.0 |  |  | 1.2940% |  |  | February 28, 2020 |  | February 28, 2025

(1) | On December 1, 2016, the Company sold the interest rate hedge agreement. The fair value of the interest rate hedge, as of the date of the sale, was recorded in other comprehensive income, net of tax. The gain from the sale will be recognized into earnings when earnings are impacted by the cash flows of the previously hedged variable interest rate.

NOTE 9 – INCOME TAXES

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was 31.6% and 27.2%, respectively, and 29.8% and 25.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company is subject to federal income tax as well as taxes in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. Tax statutes and regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to interpretation and require the application of significant judgment. The Company’s 2018 through 2020 tax years remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service for federal tax purposes. Certain significant state, local and foreign tax returns also remain open under the applicable statute of limitations and are subject to examination for the tax years from 2017 to 2020.

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $0.9 million and $0.3 million, respectively, resulting from tax positions taken in a prior period. Included in the balance as of September 30, 2021 and 2020, were $0.9 million and $0.3 million in unrecognized tax benefits, or tax positions that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate.

The Company’s policy is not to recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of tax expense. The Company did not have any accrued penalty and interest at September 30, 2021 but had $0.1 million in accrued penalty and interest at September 30, 2020, respectively.

The Company has made no provision for deferred U.S. income taxes or additional foreign taxes on future unremitted earnings of its controlled foreign subsidiaries because the Company considers these earnings to be permanently invested.

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During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company elected to participate in several novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) tax-relief programs for which it was eligible. Pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act, the Company exercised the option to defer payment of the employer portion of the Social Security tax, with 50% to be repaid by December 31, 2021 and the remainder by December 31, 2022. The Company deferred payment of approximately $20.9 million of employer Social Security taxes during the year ended December 31, 2020 and repaid 50% during the third quarter of 2021. The remaining deferred payments are included in other long-term liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

NOTE 10 – ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

Accumulated other comprehensive loss as of September 30, 2021 and 2020 included the following:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 |
|  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  |  | Gain on Sale of Interest Rate Hedge Agreement (1) |  |  | Change in Fair Value of Interest Rate Hedge Agreements (2) |  |  | Total |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at June 30, 2021 |  | $ | (6,225 | ) |  | $ | 833 |  |  | $ | (5,502 | ) |  | $ | (10,894 | )
Current period other comprehensive (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  |  | (2,872 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (27 | ) |  |  | (2,899 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (180 | ) |  |  | 943 |  |  |  | 763 |
Effect of taxes (4) |  |  | 361 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | (244 | ) |  |  | 165 |
Total current period other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | (2,511 | ) |  |  | (132 | ) |  |  | 672 |  |  |  | (1,971 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at September 30, 2021 |  | $ | (8,736 | ) |  | $ | 701 |  |  | $ | (4,830 | ) |  | $ | (12,865 | )

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |
|  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  |  | Gain on Sale of Interest Rate Hedge Agreement (1) |  |  | Change in Fair Value of Interest Rate Hedge Agreement (2) |  |  | Total |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at June 30, 2020 |  | $ | (15,209 | ) |  | $ | 1,368 |  |  | $ | (9,590 | ) |  | $ | (23,431 | )
Current period other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  |  | 3,881 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (45 | ) |  |  | 3,836 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (180 | ) |  |  | 909 |  |  |  | 729 |
Effect of taxes (4) |  |  | (714 | ) |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | (227 | ) |  |  | (894 | )
Total current period other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 3,167 |  |  |  | (133 | ) |  |  | 637 |  |  |  | 3,671 |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at September 30, 2020 |  | $ | (12,042 | ) |  | $ | 1,235 |  |  | $ | (8,953 | ) |  | $ | (19,760 | )

13

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 |
|  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  |  | Gain on Sale of Interest Rate Hedge Agreement (1) |  |  | Change in Fair Value of Interest Rate Hedge Agreements (2) |  |  | Total |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at December 31, 2020 |  | $ | (7,210 | ) |  | $ | 1,096 |  |  | $ | (7,992 | ) |  | $ | (14,106 | )
Current period other comprehensive (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications |  |  | (1,722 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,530 |  |  |  | (192 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (540 | ) |  |  | 2,778 |  |  |  | 2,238 |
Effect of taxes (4) |  |  | 196 |  |  |  | 145 |  |  |  | (1,146 | ) |  |  | (805 | )
Total current period other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | (1,526 | ) |  |  | (395 | ) |  |  | 3,162 |  |  |  | 1,241 |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at September 30, 2021 |  | $ | (8,736 | ) |  | $ | 701 |  |  | $ | (4,830 | ) |  | $ | (12,865 | )

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 |
|  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  |  | Gain on Sale of Interest Rate Hedge Agreement (1) |  |  | Change in Fair Value of Interest Rate Hedge Agreement (2) |  |  | Total |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at December 31, 2019 |  | $ | (10,995 | ) |  | $ | 1,634 |  |  | $ | (2,783 | ) |  | $ | (12,144 | )
Current period other comprehensive (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications |  |  | (940 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10,200 | ) |  |  | (11,140 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (540 | ) |  |  | 1,832 |  |  |  | 1,292 |
Effect of taxes (4) |  |  | (107 | ) |  |  | 141 |  |  |  | 2,198 |  |  |  | 2,232 |
Total current period other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | (1,047 | ) |  |  | (399 | ) |  |  | (6,170 | ) |  |  | (7,616 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at September 30, 2020 |  | $ | (12,042 | ) |  | $ | 1,235 |  |  | $ | (8,953 | ) |  | $ | (19,760 | )

(1) | Represents the unamortized value of an interest rate hedge agreement, designated as a cash flow hedge, which was sold on December 1, 2016. The fair value of the interest rate hedge agreement, at the date of the sale, was recorded in other comprehensive income, net of tax, and is being reclassified to interest expense when earnings are impacted by the hedged items and as interest payments are made on the Credit Facility from January 31, 2018 to January 31, 2023 (see Note 8—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities).

(2) | Represents the change in fair value of interest rate hedge agreements designated as a cash flow hedge. The fair value of the interest rate hedge agreements was recorded in other comprehensive income and will be reclassified to interest expense when earnings are impacted by the hedged items and as interest payments are made on the Credit Facility from August 31, 2018 to February 28, 2025 (see Note 8—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities).

(3) | The Company expects to reclassify $0.7 million net gains related to the Gain on Sale of Interest Rate Hedge Agreement and $3.7 million net losses related to the Change in Fair Value of Interest Rate Hedge Agreement from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings during the next 12 months.

(4) | The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was 31.6% and 27.2%, respectively, and 29.8% and 25.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

14

NOTE 11 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Changes in stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in |  |  | Retained |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Loss |  |  | Total |
Balance at June 30, 2021 |  |  | 18,860 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 376,622 |  |  | $ | 622,113 |  |  |  | 4,624 |  |  | $ | (216,353 | ) |  | $ | (10,894 | ) |  | $ | 771,511 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,390 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,390 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,971 | ) |  |  | (1,971 | )
Equity compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,593 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,593 |
Exercise of stock options |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuance of shares pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net payments for stock issuances and buybacks |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | (330 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (330 | )
Dividends declared |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,641 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,641 | )
Balance at September 30, 2021 |  |  | 18,870 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 380,215 |  |  | $ | 639,862 |  |  |  | 4,627 |  |  | $ | (216,683 | ) |  | $ | (12,865 | ) |  | $ | 790,552 |

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in |  |  | Retained |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Loss |  |  | Total |
Balance at June 30, 2020 |  |  | 18,849 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 354,200 |  |  | $ | 563,322 |  |  |  | 4,289 |  |  | $ | (189,011 | ) |  | $ | (23,431 | ) |  | $ | 705,103 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,871 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,871 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,671 |  |  |  | 3,671 |
Equity compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,128 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,128 |
Exercise of stock options |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuance of shares pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net payments for stock issuances and buybacks |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | (223 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (223 | )
Dividends declared |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,639 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,639 | )
Balance at September 30, 2020 |  |  | 18,858 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 357,328 |  |  | $ | 578,554 |  |  |  | 4,292 |  |  | $ | (189,234 | ) |  | $ | (19,760 | ) |  | $ | 726,911 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in |  |  | Retained |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Loss |  |  | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2020 |  |  | 18,910 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 369,058 |  |  | $ | 588,731 |  |  |  | 4,395 |  |  | $ | (196,745 | ) |  | $ | (14,106 | ) |  | $ | 746,961 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 59,053 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 59,053 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,241 |  |  |  | 1,241 |
Equity compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,756 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,756 |
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 158 |
Issuance of shares pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 186 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net payments for stock issuances and buybacks |  |  | (232 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,243 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 232 |  |  |  | (19,938 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (18,695 | )
Dividends declared |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,922 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,922 | )
Balance at September 30, 2021 |  |  | 18,870 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 380,215 |  |  | $ | 639,862 |  |  |  | 4,627 |  |  | $ | (216,683 | ) |  | $ | (12,865 | ) |  | $ | 790,552 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in |  |  | Retained |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Loss |  |  | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2019 |  |  | 18,868 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 346,795 |  |  | $ | 544,840 |  |  |  | 3,978 |  |  | $ | (164,963 | ) |  | $ | (12,144 | ) |  | $ | 714,551 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 42,139 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 42,139 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,616 | ) |  |  | (7,616 | )
Equity compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,472 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,472 |
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37 |
Issuance of shares pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 303 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net payments for stock issuances and buybacks |  |  | (314 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,024 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 314 |  |  |  | (24,271 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (23,247 | )
Cumulative-effect adjustment for adoption of accounting principle |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (513 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (513 | )
Dividends declared |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,912 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,912 | )
Balance at September 30, 2020 |  |  | 18,858 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 357,328 |  |  | $ | 578,554 |  |  |  | 4,292 |  |  | $ | (189,234 | ) |  | $ | (19,760 | ) |  | $ | 726,911 |

15

NOTE 12 – ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

On April 4, 2018, the Company’s board of directors approved the 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2018 Omnibus Plan”), which was subsequently approved by the stockholders and became effective on May 31, 2018 (the “Effective Date”). The 2018 Omnibus Plan replaced the previous 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Prior Plan”). The 2018 Omnibus Plan was amended on May 28, 2020 to increase the number of shares available for issuance.

The 2018 Omnibus Plan, as amended, allows the Company to grant 1,600,000 shares using stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSU”), performance units and performance share awards (“PSA”), cash-settled restricted stock units (“CSRSU”), and other stock-based awards to all officers, key employees, and non-employee directors of the Company. Outstanding shares granted under the Prior Plan, totaling 37,077 as of September 30, 2021, remain subject to its terms and conditions, and no additional awards from the Prior Plan are to be made after the Effective Date. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had approximately 995,042 shares available for grant under the 2018 Omnibus Plan. CSRSUs have no impact on the shares available for grant under the Omnibus Plan, nor on the calculated shares used in earnings per share calculations.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company granted to its employees 78,938 shares in the form of RSUs with an average grant date fair value of $89.01, the equivalent value of 51,011 shares in the form of CSRSUs with an average grant date fair value of $89.13, and 35,318 shares in the form of PSAs to its employees with a grant date fair value of $95.72 per share. The RSUs, CSRSUs and PSAs granted are generally subject to service-based vesting conditions, with the PSAs also having performance-based vesting conditions. The performance conditions for the PSAs granted in 2021 have a performance period from January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2023 and performance conditions that are consistent with the PSAs granted in prior years. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company granted 11,186 shares to non-employee directors in the form of RSUs with a grant date fair value of $90.73. The non-employee director awards are subject to an annual service-based vesting condition.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $5.2 million and $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $15.8 million and $13.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense of approximately $11.5 million as of September 30, 2021 related to unsettled RSUs is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years. The unrecognized compensation expense related to CSRSUs totaled approximately $7.9 million at September 30, 2021 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years. Unrecognized compensation expense related to PSAs of approximately $4.0 million as of September 30, 2021 is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.2 years.

NOTE 13 – BUSINESS COMBINATION

A prior acquisition’s purchase agreement included additional consideration in the form of warranty and indemnity hold back payments. As of September 30, 2021, one payment remains outstanding for approximately $1.3 million, which is scheduled to be released in the fourth quarter of 2022. The remaining warranty and indemnity liability was recorded at its fair value at the date of the acquisition discounting the liability at 3.25%.

NOTE 14 – EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company’s earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing reported net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding. Diluted EPS considers the potential dilution that could occur if common stock equivalents were exercised or converted into stock. The difference between the basic and diluted weighted-average equivalent shares with respect to the Company’s EPS calculation was due entirely to the assumed exercise of stock options and the vesting and settlement of RSUs and PSAs. PSAs are included in the computation of diluted shares only to the extent that the underlying performance conditions (i) are satisfied as of the end of the reporting period or (ii) would be considered satisfied if the end of the reporting period were also the end of the applicable performance period and the result would be dilutive under the treasury stock method.

As of September 30, 2021, the PSAs granted during the year ended December 31, 2019 met the related performance conditions for the initial performance period and were included in the calculation of diluted EPS. However, the PSAs granted during the year ended December 31, 2020 and during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 have not yet completed their initial two-year performance period and therefore were excluded in the calculation of diluted EPS. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, there were no weighted-average shares excluded from the calculation of EPS because they were anti-dilutive. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2020, there were 452 and 19,386 weighted-average shares that were excluded because they were anti-dilutive. The anti-dilutive shares in both years were associated with RSUs.

16

The dilutive effect of stock options, RSUs, and PSAs for each period reported is summarized below:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Net Income |  | $ | 20,390 |  |  | $ | 17,871 |  |  | $ | 59,053 |  |  | $ | 42,139 |
Weighted-average number of basic shares outstanding during the period |  |  | 18,865 |  |  |  | 18,853 |  |  |  | 18,864 |  |  |  | 18,841 |
Dilutive effect of stock options, RSUs, and performance shares |  |  | 196 |  |  |  | 233 |  |  |  | 213 |  |  |  | 270 |
Weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding during the period |  |  | 19,061 |  |  |  | 19,086 |  |  |  | 19,077 |  |  |  | 19,111 |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 1.08 |  |  | $ | 0.95 |  |  | $ | 3.13 |  |  | $ | 2.24 |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 1.07 |  |  | $ | 0.94 |  |  | $ | 3.10 |  |  | $ | 2.20 |

NOTE 15 – SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAM

The Company’s share repurchase program allows for share repurchases in the aggregate up to $100.0 million under share repurchase plans approved by the board of directors pursuant to Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company approved an updated Rule 10b5-1 plan element of the share repurchase program as part of its normal process that commenced January 11, 2021. The Credit Facility permits unlimited share repurchases, provided the Company’s Leverage Ratio, prior to and after giving effect to such repurchases, is not greater than 3.50 to 1.00. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company used $14.7 million to repurchase 173,000 shares and $16.6 million to repurchase 206,820 shares, respectively, under the repurchase program. As of September 30, 2021, $31.3 million remained available for share repurchases under the repurchase program.

NOTE 16 – FAIR VALUE

Financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their location within the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

| September 30, 2021 |  |  |
(in thousands) | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |  |  | Location on Balance Sheet
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward contract agreements | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | Prepaid expenses and other assets
Deferred compensation investments in cash surrender life insurance |  | — |  |  |  | 18,464 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,464 |  |  | Other assets
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,470 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,470 |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation plan liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,811 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,811 |  |  | Other long-term liabilities
Interest rate swaps - current portion |  | — |  |  |  | 3,584 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,584 |  |  | Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Interest rate swaps - long-term portion |  | — |  |  |  | 3,035 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,035 |  |  | Other long-term liabilities
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,430 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,430 |  |  |

17

| December 31, 2020 |  |  |
(in thousands) | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |  |  | Location on Balance Sheet
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward contract agreements | $ | — |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  | Prepaid expenses and other assets
Deferred compensation investments in cash surrender life insurance |  | — |  |  |  | 16,796 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,796 |  |  | Other assets
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,899 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,899 |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation plan liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,276 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,276 |  |  | Other long-term liabilities
Interest rate swaps - current portion |  | — |  |  |  | 3,693 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,693 |  |  | Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Interest rate swaps - long-term portion |  | — |  |  |  | 7,234 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,234 |  |  | Other long-term liabilities
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,203 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,203 |  |  |

NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Dividend

On November 2, 2021, the Company’s board of directors approved a $0.14 per share cash dividend. The dividend will be paid on January 12, 2022 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on December 10, 2021.

Acquisition

In November 2021 the Company acquired ESAC, one of the leading specialized providers of advanced health analytics, research data management and bioinformatics solutions to U.S. federal health agencies. The Company considers the purchase of ESAC to be immaterial to the financial statements taken as a whole, and expects to finalize its valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as a result of the acquisition by the fourth quarter of 2021.

NOTE 18 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation and Claims

The Company is involved in various legal matters and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. While these matters and proceedings cause it to incur costs, including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees, the Company currently believes that any ultimate liability arising out of these matters and proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Road Home Contract

On June 10, 2016, the Office of Community Development (the “OCD”) of the State of Louisiana filed a written administrative demand with the Louisiana Commissioner of Administration against ICF Emergency Management Services, L.L.C. (“ICF Emergency”), a subsidiary of the Company, in connection with ICF Emergency’s administration of the Road Home Program (“Program”). The Program contract was a three-year, $912 million contract awarded to the Company in 2006. The Program ended, as scheduled, in 2009.

The Program was primarily intended to help homeowners and landlords of small rental properties affected by Hurricanes Rita and Katrina. In its administrative demand, the OCD sought approximately $200.8 million in alleged overpayments to the Program’s grant recipients, and separately supplemented the amount of recovery it sought in total to approximately $220.2 million. The State of Louisiana, through the Division of Administration, also filed suit in Louisiana state court on June 10, 2016. The State of Louisiana broadly alleges and sought recoupment for the same claim made in the administrative proceeding submission before the Louisiana Commissioner of Administration. On September 21, 2016, the Commissioner of the Division of Administration notified OCD and the Company of his decision to defer jurisdiction of the administrative demand filed by the OCD. In so doing, the Commissioner declined to reach a decision on the merits, stated that his deferral would not be deemed to grant or deny any portion of the OCD’s claim, and authorized the parties to proceed on the matter in the previously filed judicial proceeding. The Company continues to believe that this claim has no merit, intends to vigorously defend its position, and has therefore not recorded a liability as of September 30, 2021.

18

Executive Chair Retirement

On November 15, 2020, the Company’s former Executive Chair gave notice of his retirement effective December 31, 2020. In connection with his retirement, the former Executive Chair is entitled to receive compensation and benefits as provided in his employment agreement for a termination of employment on the basis of “good reason.” As of September 30, 2021, there were PSAs totaling 34,276 shares remaining which were originally granted to the former Executive Chair during 2019 and 2020 that are to be satisfied through the normal course of the PSA equity award plan (see Note 12—Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation), and subject to adjustments from EPS and rTSR performances.

19

Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Some of the statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) constitute forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “should,” “will,” “would,” or similar words. You should read statements that contain these words carefully. The risk factors described in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), as well as any cautionary language in this Quarterly Report, provide examples of risks, uncertainties, and events that may cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations described in the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to:

| • | Our dependence on contracts with United States (“U.S.”) federal, state and local, and international governments, agencies and departments for the majority of our revenue;

| • | Changes in federal government budgeting and spending priorities;

| • | Failure by Congress or other governmental bodies to approve budgets and debt ceiling increases in a timely fashion and related reduction in government spending;

| • | Failure of the Administration and Congress to agree on spending priorities, which may result in temporary shutdowns of non-essential federal functions, including our work to support such functions;

| • | Effects of the novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”), or any other future pandemic, and related national, state and local government actions and reactions on the health of our staff and that of our clients, the continuity of our and our clients’ operations, our results of operations and our outlook;

| • | Results of routine and non-routine government audits and investigations;

| • | Dependence of commercial work on certain sectors of the global economy that are highly cyclical;

| • | Failure to realize the full amount of our backlog;

| • | Risks inherent in being engaged in significant and complex disaster relief efforts and grants management programs involving multiple tiers of government in very stressful environments;

| • | Difficulties in integrating acquisitions;

| • | Risks resulting from expanding service offerings and client base;

| • | Acquisitions we undertake may present integration challenges, fail to perform as expected, increase our liabilities, and/or reduce our earnings;

| • | The lawsuit filed by the State of Louisiana seeking approximately $220.2 million in alleged overpayments from the Road Home contract; and

| • | Additional risks as a result of having international operations.

Our forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management and the information available to our management at the time these disclosures were prepared. Although we believe the expectations reflected in these statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, even if our situation changes in the future.

The terms “we,” “our,” “us,” and “Company,” as used throughout this Quarterly Report, refer to ICF International, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated. The term “federal” or “federal government” refers to the U.S. federal government, and “state and local” or “state and local government” refers to U.S. state and local governments and the governments of U.S. territories. The following discussion and analysis is intended to help the reader understand our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. You should read this discussion in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021 (our “Annual Report”).

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OVERVIEW AND OUTLOOK

We provide professional services and technology-based solutions to government and commercial clients, including management, marketing, technology, and policy consulting and implementation services. We help our clients conceive, develop, implement, and improve solutions that address complex business, natural resource, social, technological, and public safety issues. Our services primarily support clients that operate in four key markets:

| • | Energy, Environment, and Infrastructure;

| • | Health, Education, and Social Programs;

| • | Safety and Security; and

| • | Consumer and Financial Services.

We provide services to our diverse client base that deliver value throughout the entire life cycle of a policy, program, project, or initiative. Our primary services include:

| • | Advisory Services;

| • | Program Implementation Services;

| • | Analytics Services;

| • | Digital Services; and

| • | Engagement Services.

Our clients utilize our services because we combine diverse institutional knowledge and experience with the deep subject matter expertise of our highly educated staff, which we deploy in multi-disciplinary teams. We believe that our domain expertise and the program knowledge developed from our research and analytic, and assessment and advisory engagements further position us to provide a full suite of services.

We report operating results and financial data as a single segment based on the consolidated information used by our chief operating decision-maker in evaluating the financial performance of our business and allocating resources. Our single segment represents our core business – professional services for government and commercial clients. Although we describe our multiple service offerings to clients that operate in four markets to provide a better understanding of the scope and scale of our business, we do not manage our business or allocate our resources based on those service offerings or client markets. Rather, on a project-by-project basis, we assemble the best team from throughout the enterprise to deliver highly customized solutions that are tailored to meet the needs of each client. Notwithstanding the impact of COVID-19 we believe that, in the long-term, demand for our services will continue to grow as government, industry, and other stakeholders seek to address critical long-term societal and natural resource issues due to heightened concerns about clean energy and energy efficiency; health promotion, treatment, and cost control; natural disaster relief and rebuild efforts; and ongoing homeland security threats. In the wake of the major hurricanes (Harvey, Irma, Maria, Laura and Michael) that devastated communities in Texas, Florida, North Carolina, Louisiana, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico, the affected areas remain in various stages of relief and recovery efforts. We believe our prior and current experience with disaster relief and rebuild efforts, including those from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita and Superstorm Sandy, put us in a favorable position to continue to provide recovery assistance, housing, and environmental and infrastructure solutions on behalf of federal departments and agencies, state, territorial and local governments, and regional agencies.

We also see significant opportunity to further leverage our digital and client engagement capabilities across our commercial and government client base. Our future results will depend on the success of our strategy to enhance our client relationships and seek larger engagements spanning all aspects of the program life cycle, as well as completely and successfully integrating strategic acquisitions. We will continue to focus on building scale in vertical and horizontal domain expertise, developing business with both our government and commercial clients, and replicating our business model in selective geographies. In doing so, we will continue to evaluate strategic acquisition opportunities, such as our acquisition of Incentive Technology Group, LLC (“ITG”) in 2020, that enhance our subject matter knowledge, broaden our service offerings, and/or provide scale in specific geographies.

Although we continue to see favorable long-term market opportunities, there are certain business challenges facing all government service providers. Administrative and legislative actions by the federal government to address changing priorities or in response to the budget deficit could have a negative impact on our business, which may result in a reduction to our revenue and profit and adversely affect cash flow. Similarly, the very nature of opportunities arising out of disaster recovery mean they can involve unusual challenges. Factors such as the overall stress on communities and people affected by disaster recovery situations, political complexities and challenges among involved government agencies, and a higher-than-normal risk of audits and investigations, may result in a reduction to our revenue and profit and adversely affect cash flow. However, we believe we are well positioned to provide a broad range of services in support of initiatives that will continue to be priorities to the federal government, as well as to state and local and international governments and commercial clients.

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Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the novel strain of coronavirus disease COVID-19 as a global pandemic. There continues to be significant uncertainty as to the effects of this pandemic on the global economy, which may impact, among other things, our operations, balance sheet, results of operations or cash flows. Adverse events such as health-related concerns about working in our offices, the inability to travel, the potential impact on our employees, clients, subcontractors and other suppliers and business partners, a slow-down in customer decision-making that affects procurement cycles, a reprioritization of client spending, and other matters affecting the general work and business environment have harmed, and could continue to harm, our business and delay the implementation of our business strategy. We cannot fully anticipate all the ways in which the current global health crisis, economic slowdown and financial market conditions could adversely impact our business in the future. The longer the duration of the pandemic, the advent of new strains of the virus and challenges faced in the rollout of vaccines, the more likely it is that it could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows. We are primarily a service business, and our staffing, and that of our subcontractors, has been maintained, substantially on a work from home basis, fortunately with little COVID-19 illness among our staff.

To date, we have experienced continuity in the majority of our work for our government clients, which accounted for approximately 72.5% and 71.6% of our revenues for the three months and the nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. There has been postponements of events and challenges around project work requiring travel and personal contact to perform services under the contracts, but overall, our government clients have continued to require our services. There has also been additional demand from federal agencies such as the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency, as well as state and local and international government agencies.

Of the remaining 27.5% and 28.4% of our total revenue for the three months and the nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, the majority was generated from commercial energy markets and commercial marketing services. In commercial energy, where we work primarily for utility clients, we have experienced trends similar to those with our government clients, although some aspects of energy efficiency programs have been put on hold as they involve direct interaction with consumers. The commercial marketing services includes public event management and marketing technology, which was impacted based on the deferral or cancellation of marketing events. Some of our commercial clients perform work in travel-related markets and have been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the restriction upon travel worldwide. As a result, we continue to monitor that business area closely. These elements of commercial marketing services represented less than 8.8% and 9.3% of our total company-wide revenues for the three months and the nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

We are monitoring the evolving situation related to the COVID-19 pandemic and continue to work with our stakeholders to assess further possible implications to our business and to take actions in an effort to mitigate adverse consequences. To protect employee health and safety while COVID-19 remains a threat, we plan to continue to deliver a majority of our services to clients remotely until we are ready for a transition to an on-office environment. During the third quarter of 2021, we started our phased return to in-office work in the U.K. and China on a reduced capacity. However, based on the continued level of new cases related to the Delta variant of COVID-19 and the estimated timing for widespread access to vaccines, we have pushed back our phased return to in-person operations at our U.S., Puerto Rico, Canada, Belgium, India, and Africa office locations. Additionally, in response to President Biden’s Executive Order 14042 which require federal contractors to be vaccinated against COVID-19 by December 8, 2021, we have implemented our requirement for our U.S. employees to be fully vaccinated or receive an approved exemption/accommodation by November 30 regardless of employment type or work location—remote, hybrid, or on-site.

While the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act contains a provision that allows federal contractors to seek specified reimbursement for certain employees who are unable to perform their contract requirements due to government restrictions, we believe we have limited claims under the CARES Act, and reimbursements are also subject to limitations and did not extend past December 31, 2020. Additionally, we deferred payment of approximately $20.9 million of employer Social Security taxes during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, of which 50% has been repaid as of September 30, 2021. We did not defer any additional Social Security taxes in 2021.

As part of management actions to counter the impact of COVID-19, we have aligned our costs with anticipated revenues. In the U.S. and in our international operations, we had used staff reductions, furloughs, and other temporary wage reduction programs in response to the pandemic during 2020. However, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 we did not have as many staff reductions, furloughs, or wage reductions as a result of COVID-19 as we had previously experienced in 2020. We also previously participated in three international government subsidy programs whose objective is to encourage eligible companies to keep employees on the payroll during the COVID-19 pandemic. We minimally participated in two subsidy programs during the first quarter of 2021 but did not participate in such programs subsequently.

Employees and Offices:

We have approximately 7,500 full and part-time employees around the globe, including many recognized as thought leaders in their respective fields. We serve clients globally from our headquarters in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, our 55 offices

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throughout the U.S. and 24 offices in key regions outside the U.S., including offices in the United Kingdom, Belgium, China, India and Canada.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our discussion of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make certain estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses and our application of critical accounting policies, including revenue recognition, impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets, income taxes, and stock-based compensation. If any of these estimates, assumptions or judgments prove to be incorrect, our reported results could be materially affected. Actual results may differ significantly from our estimates under different assumptions or conditions. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our Annual Report and “Note 1—Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations—Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report for further discussions of our significant accounting policies and estimates.

We periodically evaluate our critical accounting policies and estimates based on changes in U.S. GAAP and the current environment that may have an effect on our financial statements.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recent accounting standards are discussed in “Note 1—Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations—Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report.

SELECTED KEY METRICS

In order to evaluate operations, we track revenue by key metrics that provide useful information about the nature of our operations. Client markets provide insight into the breadth of our expertise. Client type is an indicator of the diversity of our client base. Revenue by contract mix provides insight in terms of the degree of performance risk that we have assumed. Significant variances in the key metrics are discussed under the revenue section of the results of operations. For further discussion see “Note 7—Revenue Recognition” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

The table below sets forth certain items from our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income, the percentage of revenue for such items in the periods provided, and the period-over-period rate of change and percentage of revenue for the periods indicated.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Year-to-Year Change
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Three Months Ended
|  | Dollars |  |  | Percentages |  |  | September 30, 2020 and 2021
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent
Revenue |  | $ | 394,060 |  |  | $ | 360,315 |  |  | 100.0% |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 33,745 |  |  | 9.4%
Direct Costs |  |  | 254,175 |  |  |  | 223,288 |  |  | 64.5% |  |  |  | 62.0 | % |  |  | 30,887 |  |  | 13.8%
Operating Costs and Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect and selling expenses |  |  | 99,940 |  |  |  | 100,123 |  |  | 25.4% |  |  |  | 27.8 | % |  |  | (183 | ) |  | (0.2%)
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 4,665 |  |  |  | 5,143 |  |  | 1.2% |  |  |  | 1.4 | % |  |  | (478 | ) |  | (9.3%)
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 3,015 |  |  |  | 3,511 |  |  | 0.8% |  |  |  | 1.0 | % |  |  | (496 | ) |  | (14.1%)
Total Operating Costs and Expenses |  |  | 107,620 |  |  |  | 108,777 |  |  | 27.4% |  |  |  | 30.2 | % |  |  | (1,157 | ) |  | (1.1%)
Operating Income |  |  | 32,265 |  |  |  | 28,250 |  |  | 8.1% |  |  |  | 7.8 | % |  |  | 4,015 |  |  | 14.2%
Interest expense |  |  | (2,550 | ) |  |  | (3,488 | ) |  | (0.6%) |  |  |  | (1.0 | %) |  |  | 938 |  |  | (26.9%)
Other income (expense) |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | (223 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 304 |  |  | (136.3%)
Income before Income Taxes |  |  | 29,796 |  |  |  | 24,539 |  |  | 7.5% |  |  |  | 6.8 | % |  |  | 5,257 |  |  | 21.4%
Provision for Income Taxes |  |  | 9,406 |  |  |  | 6,668 |  |  | 2.4% |  |  |  | 1.9 | % |  |  | 2,738 |  |  | 41.1%
Net Income |  | $ | 20,390 |  |  | $ | 17,871 |  |  | 5.1% |  |  |  | 4.9 | % |  | $ | 2,519 |  |  | 14.1%

Revenue. Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was $394.1 million, compared to $360.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, representing an increase of $33.7 million or 9.4%. The increase in revenue was primarily from U.S. federal government clients of $20.0 million, or 11.4%, international government clients of $12.1 million, or 59.7%, and U.S. state

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and local government clients of $7.7 million or 15.1%, offset by a decrease in revenue from commercial clients of $6.0 million, or 5.2%. See “Note 7—Revenue Recognition” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement s.” The change in revenue from U.S. federal government clients for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to 2020 was driven by increases of $19.5 million, or 16.7%, from our health, education, and social programs client market and $2.3 million, or 7.6%, from our energy, environment, and infrastructure client market offset by a decrease of $1.8 million, or 6.6%, from our safety and security client market. The increase in revenue from international government clients was mainly from increases of $6.2 million, or 159.9%, and $6.1 million, or 43.1%, from our energy, environment, and infrastructure and our health, safety, and security client markets, respectively. The increase in our r evenue from U.S. state and local government clients were due to an increase of $8.7 million, or 73.9%, from our health, safety, and security client market offset by decreases of $0.8 million, or 2.0%, from energy, environment, and infrastructure and $0.2 million, or 48.1%, from safety and security client markets, respectively. The decrease in revenue from commercial clients was driven primarily by a decrease of $9.7 million, or 68.6%, from our U.S. health, education, and social programs client market offset by increases of $2.9 million, or 17.1%, and $1.9 million, or 27.4%, from our U.S. consumer and financial and our international energy, environment, and infrastructure client markets.

Direct Costs. Direct costs for the three months ended September 30, 2021 were $254.2 million compared to $223.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $30.9 million or 13.8%. The increase in direct costs was driven by an increase of $22.9 million in sub-contractor and other direct costs and $8.0 million in direct labor and associated fringe benefit costs. The increase in s ub-contractor and other direct costs was primarily due to an increase in our work for our international government clients that rely on sub-contract labor, as well as an increase in events and media buys that took place during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. Sub-contractor and other direct costs for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was 46.6% of total direct costs compared to 42.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in direct labor and associated fringe benefit costs for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily driven by four additional working days in the third quarter of 2021 compared to 2020 in addition to increases in our work for our international government clients, with increases in headcounts and utilization as compared to the same period in 2020. Direct labor and fringe benefit costs for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was 53.4% of direct costs compared to 57.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Direct costs as a percent of revenue were 64.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 62.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Indirect and selling expenses. Indirect and selling expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2021 were $99.9 million compared to $100.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $0.2 million or 0.2%. The decrease in indirect and selling expenses was primarily due to a decrease in indirect labor and associated fringe benefit costs of $0.6 million offset a slight increase in general and administrative costs of $0.4 million. Indirect and selling expenses as a percent of revenue decreased to 25.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 27.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization was $4.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $0.5 million or 9.3%. The decrease in depreciation and amortization is the result of certain assets becoming fully depreciated and amortized.

Amortization of intangible assets. Amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was $3.0 million compared to $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The $0.5 million decrease was primarily due to intangible assets associated with prior acquisitions becoming fully amortized offset by amortization of intangible assets acquired in our 2020 acquisition of ITG.

Operating Income. Operating income was $32.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $28.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $4.0 million or 14.2%. The increase in operating income was largely due to an increase in revenue of $33.7 million offset by an increase direct costs of only $30.9 million. Operating income as a percentage of revenue was 8.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 7.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Interest expense. For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, interest expense was $2.6 million and $3.5 million resulting in a decrease of $0.9 million, or 26.9%. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to our average debt balance of $341.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to our average debt balance of $439.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Other income (expense). For the three months ended September 30, 2021, other income was less than $0.1 million compared to other expense of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The change was primarily due to net unrealized and realized foreign currency gains and losses, net of the change in the value of foreign currency swaps, for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Provision for Income Taxes. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, provision for income taxes was $9.4 million compared to $6.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $2.7 million or 41.1%. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was 31.6% and 27.2%, respectively. The increase in the effective income tax rate was primarily due to increased non-deductible executive compensation, valuation allowance on excess foreign tax credits and refinements to prior year provisions for return filings compared with 2020.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

The table below sets forth certain items from our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income, the percentage of revenue for such items in the periods provided, and the period-over-period rate of change and percentage of revenue for the periods indicated.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Year-to-Year Change
|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | Dollars |  |  | Percentages |  |  | September 30, 2020 and 2021
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  | Dollars |  |  | Percent
Revenue |  | $ | 1,165,063 |  |  | $ | 1,072,540 |  |  | 100.0% |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 92,523 |  |  | 8.6%
Direct Costs |  |  | 732,903 |  |  |  | 677,311 |  |  | 62.9% |  |  | 63.2 | % |  |  | 55,592 |  |  | 8.2%
Operating Costs and Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect and selling expenses |  |  | 316,100 |  |  |  | 302,649 |  |  | 27.1% |  |  | 28.2 | % |  |  | 13,451 |  |  | 4.4%
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 14,663 |  |  |  | 15,386 |  |  | 1.3% |  |  | 1.4 | % |  |  | (723 | ) |  | (4.7%)
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 9,049 |  |  |  | 9,843 |  |  | 0.8% |  |  | 0.9 | % |  |  | (794 | ) |  | (8.1%)
Total Operating Costs and Expenses |  |  | 339,812 |  |  |  | 327,878 |  |  | 29.2% |  |  | 30.5 | % |  |  | 11,934 |  |  | 3.6%
Operating Income |  |  | 92,348 |  |  |  | 67,351 |  |  | 7.9% |  |  | 6.3 | % |  |  | 24,997 |  |  | 37.1%
Interest expense |  |  | (7,845 | ) |  |  | (10,921 | ) |  | (0.6%) |  |  | (1.0 | %) |  |  | 3,076 |  |  | (28.2%)
Other (expense) income |  |  | (382 | ) |  |  | 316 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | (698 | ) |  | (220.9%)
Income before Income Taxes |  |  | 84,121 |  |  |  | 56,746 |  |  | 7.3% |  |  | 5.3 | % |  |  | 27,375 |  |  | 48.2%
Provision for Income Taxes |  |  | 25,068 |  |  |  | 14,607 |  |  | 2.2% |  |  | 1.4 | % |  |  | 10,461 |  |  | 71.6%
Net Income |  | $ | 59,053 |  |  | $ | 42,139 |  |  | 5.1% |  |  | 3.9 | % |  | $ | 16,914 |  |  | 40.1%

Revenue. Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $1,165.1 million, compared to $1,072.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, representing an increase of $92.5 million or 8.6%. The increase in revenue was from U.S. federal government clients of $51.7 million, or 10.3%, international government clients of $46.3 million, or 76.1%, and U.S. state and local government clients of $4.4 million, or 2.6%, offset by a decrease of $9.9 million, or $2.9%, in revenue from commercial clients. Revenue from U.S. federal government clients increased mainly from our health, education, and social program client market of $46.9 million, or 14.3%, and from energy, environment, and infrastructure client market of $7.3 million, or 8.3%, offset by a decrease of $2.5 million, or 3.0%, from our safety and security client market. Our revenue from international government clients increased by $32.5 million, or 241.0%, and $12.9 million, or 30.6%, from our energy, environment, and infrastructure and our health, education, and social program client markets, respectively. U.S. state and local government revenue’s health, education, and social programs client market revenue increased by $16.4 million, or 40.1%, offset by decreases of $11.3 million, or 8.9%, and $0.7 million, or 49.0%, from energy, environment, and infrastructure and safety and security client markets, respectively. The decrease in commercial revenue was primarily from the $29.1 million, or 64.8%, from our U.S. commercial health, education, and social program market and $1.5 million, or 7.4%, from our international commercial consumer and financial client market, offsetting increases of $11.5 million, or 5.9% and $7.0 million, or 12.8%, in the U.S. commercial energy, environment, and infrastructure and consumer financial client markets, respectively, and $2.4 million, or 10.0%, from our international commercial energy, environment, and infrastructure client market.

Direct Costs. Direct costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $732.9 million compared to $677.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $55.6 million or 8.2%. The increase in direct costs was driven by an increase of $37.3 million in sub-contractor and other direct costs and $18.3 million in direct labor and associated fringe benefit costs. The increase in sub-contractor and other direct costs was primarily due to additional work for our international government clients and additional events and media buys occurring during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to 2020. Sub-contractor and other direct costs as a percentage of total direct costs was 44.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to 43.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Direct labor and associated fringe costs increased primarily due to additional headcounts and higher utilization from our employees in support of our work for our international government clients. Direct labor and fringe benefit costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was 55.2% of direct costs compared to 57.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Direct costs as a percent of revenue decreased to 62.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 63.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Indirect and selling expenses. Indirect and selling expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were $316.1 million compared to $302.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $13.5 million or 4.4%. The increase in indirect and selling expenses was primarily due to increases in indirect labor and associated fringe benefit costs of $9.6 million and $3.9 million in general and administrative expenses. The increase in indirect labor and associated fringe benefit costs was due to a slightly higher headcount at September 30, 2021. The main drivers for the increase in general and administrative expenses were increases to professional fees of $2.8 million and software licenses of $2.6 million, offset by decreases to facilities of $2.3 million and

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travel expense of $1.5 million. Indirect and selling expenses as a percent of revenue decreased to 27.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 28.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization was $14.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $15.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The $0.7 million decrease is the result of certain assets becoming fully depreciated and amortized.

Amortization of intangible assets. Amortization of intangible assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $9.0 million compared to $9.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The $0.8 million decrease was primarily due to reduced levels of amortization of intangible assets associated with prior acquisitions offset by amortization of intangible assets acquired in our 2020 acquisition of ITG.

Operating Income. Operating income was $92.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $67.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $25.0 million or 37.1%. The change was largely due to an increase in revenue of $92.5 million, offset by an increase in direct costs of $55.6 million and indirect and selling expenses of $13.5 million. Operating income as a percentage of revenue increased to 7.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 6.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Interest expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, interest expense was $7.8 million compared to $10.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $3.1 million or 28.2%. The decrease in interest expense was due to our average debt balance of $343.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $445.9 million during the same period in 2020.

Other (expense) income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 other expense was $0.4 million compared to other income of $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The change was primarily due to net unrealized and realized foreign currency gains and losses, net of the change in the value of foreign currency swaps, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Provision for Income Taxes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, provision for income taxes was $25.1 million compared to $14.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $10.5 million or 71.6%. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was 29.8% and 25.7%, respectively. The increase in the effective income tax rate was primarily due to increased non-deductible executive compensation, valuation allowance on excess foreign tax credits, and refinement of our prior year state tax provision.

NON-GAAP MEASURES

These following tables provide reconciliations of financial measures that are not U.S. GAAP (“non-GAAP”) to the most applicable U.S. GAAP measures. While we believe that these non-GAAP financial measures may be useful in evaluating our financial information, they should be considered supplemental in nature and not as a substitute for financial information prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Other companies may define similarly titled non-GAAP measures differently and, accordingly, care should be exercised in understanding how we define these measures.

Service Revenue

Service revenue represents revenue less subcontractor and other direct costs, which, among other things, include third-party materials and travel expenses. Service revenue is not a recognized term under U.S. GAAP and should not be considered an alternative to revenue as a measure of operating performance. This presentation of service revenue may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies because other companies may use different methods to prepare similarly titled measures. We believe service revenue is a useful measure to investors since, as a consulting firm, a key source of our profit is revenue obtained from the services that we provide to our clients through our employees. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, service revenue was $275.6 million compared to $264.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $10.9 million or 4.1%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, service revenue was $836.5 million compared to $781.3 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $55.2 million or 7.1%. Service revenue was 69.9% and 73.5% of total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 71.8% and 72.8% of total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The table below presents a reconciliation of revenue to service revenue for the periods indicated:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Revenue |  | $ | 394,060 |  |  | $ | 360,315 |  |  | $ | 1,165,063 |  |  | $ | 1,072,540 |
Subcontractor and other direct costs |  |  | (118,471 | ) |  |  | (95,592 | ) |  |  | (328,522 | ) |  |  | (291,217 | )
Service revenue |  | $ | 275,589 |  |  | $ | 264,723 |  |  | $ | 836,541 |  |  | $ | 781,323 |

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EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

Earnings before interest and other income and/or expense, tax, and depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) is a measure we use to evaluate operating performance. We believe EBITDA is useful in assessing ongoing trends and, as a result, may provide greater visibility in understanding our operations.

Adjusted EBITDA is EBITDA further adjusted to eliminate the impact of certain items that we do not consider to be indicative of the performance of our ongoing operations. We evaluate these adjustments on an individual basis based on both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the item, including their size and nature as well as whether or not we expect them to occur as part of our normal business on a regular basis. We believe that the adjustments applied in calculating adjusted EBITDA are reasonable and appropriate to provide additional information to investors.

EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are not recognized terms under U.S. GAAP and should not be used as alternatives to net income as a measure of operating performance. This presentation of EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies because other companies may use different methods to prepare similarly titled measures. EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are not intended to be measures of free cash flow for management’s discretionary use as these measures do not include certain cash requirements such as interest payments, tax payments, capital expenditures and debt service.

The following table presents a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Net income |  | $ | 20,390 |  |  | $ | 17,871 |  |  | $ | 59,053 |  |  | $ | 42,139 |
Other (income) expense |  |  | (81 | ) |  |  | 223 |  |  |  | 382 |  |  |  | (316 | )
Interest expense |  |  | 2,550 |  |  |  | 3,488 |  |  |  | 7,845 |  |  |  | 10,921 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 9,406 |  |  |  | 6,668 |  |  |  | 25,068 |  |  |  | 14,607 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 7,680 |  |  |  | 8,654 |  |  |  | 23,712 |  |  |  | 25,229 |
EBITDA |  |  | 39,945 |  |  |  | 36,904 |  |  |  | 116,060 |  |  |  | 92,580 |
Adjustment related to impairment of long-lived assets (1) |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 338 |  |  |  | — |
Special charges related to acquisitions (2) |  |  | 3,261 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 3,410 |  |  |  | 1,953 |
Special charges related to severance for staff realignment (3) |  |  | 335 |  |  |  | 847 |  |  |  | 1,144 |  |  |  | 3,695 |
Special charges related to facilities consolidations and office closures (4) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 139 |  |  |  | — |
Special charges related to retirement of the former Executive Chair (5) |  |  | 254 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 478 |  |  |  | — |
Total special charges |  |  | 3,885 |  |  |  | 858 |  |  |  | 5,509 |  |  |  | 5,648 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 43,830 |  |  | $ | 37,762 |  |  | $ | 121,569 |  |  | $ | 98,228 |

(1) | Adjustment related to impairment of long-lived assets: We recognized impairment expense of $0.3 million in the first quarter of 2021 related to impairment of a right-of-use lease asset.

(2) | Special charges related to acquisitions: These costs consist primarily of consultants and other outside third-party costs and integration costs associated with an acquisition and/or a potential acquisition.

(3) | Special charges related to severance for staff realignment: These costs are mainly due to involuntary employee termination benefits for our officers, groups of employees who have been notified that they will be terminated as part of a consolidation or reorganization or, to the extent that the costs are not included in the previous two categories, involuntary employee termination benefits for employees who have been terminated as a result of COVID-19.

(4) | Special charges related to facilities consolidations and office closures: These costs are exit costs or gains associated with office lease contraction, terminated office leases, or full office closures. The exit costs include charges incurred under a contractual obligation that existed as of the date of the accrual and for which we will continue to pay until the contractual obligation is satisfied but with no economic benefit to us.

(5) | Special charges related to retirement of the former Executive Chair: As a result of the employment agreement, the departing officer was able to maintain certain equity awards beyond his date of employment. The 2019 and 2020 equity awards held by the former Executive Chair were updated for a change in the performance factor.

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Non-GAAP Diluted Earnings per Share

Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) represents diluted EPS excluding the impact of certain items such as impairment of intangible assets, acquisition expenses, severance for staff realignment, facility consolidations and office closures, and an adjustment related to the retirement of the former Executive Chair (which are also excluded from adjusted EBITDA, as described further above), as well as the impact of amortization of intangible assets related to our acquisitions and income tax effects. While these adjustments may be recurring and not infrequent or unusual, we do not consider these adjustments to be indicative of the performance of our ongoing operations. Non-GAAP diluted EPS is not a recognized term under U.S. GAAP and is not an alternative to basic or diluted EPS as a measure of performance. This presentation of non-GAAP diluted EPS may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies because other companies may use different methods to prepare similarly titled measures. We believe that the supplemental adjustments applied in calculating non-GAAP diluted EPS are reasonable and appropriate to provide additional information to investors.

The following table presents a reconciliation of diluted EPS to non-GAAP diluted EPS for the periods indicated:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Diluted EPS |  | $ | 1.07 |  |  | $ | 0.94 |  |  | $ | 3.10 |  |  | $ | 2.20 |
Adjustment related to impairment of long-lived assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  | — |
Special charges related to acquisitions |  |  | 0.17 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.18 |  |  |  | 0.10 |
Special charges related to severance for staff realignment |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  | 0.04 |  |  |  | 0.06 |  |  |  | 0.19 |
Special charges related to facilities consolidations and office closures |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |  | — |
Special charges related to retirement of the former Executive Chair |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.03 |  |  |  | — |
Amortization of intangibles |  |  | 0.16 |  |  |  | 0.18 |  |  |  | 0.47 |  |  |  | 0.52 |
Income tax effects (1) |  |  | (0.11 | ) |  |  | (0.06 | ) |  |  | (0.23 | ) |  |  | (0.20 | )
Non-GAAP EPS |  | $ | 1.32 |  |  | $ | 1.10 |  |  | $ | 3.64 |  |  | $ | 2.81 |

(1) | Income tax effects were calculated using an effective U.S. GAAP tax rate of 31.6% and 27.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 29.8% and 25.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity and Borrowing Capacity. On March 3, 2020, we entered into the First Amendment (the “First Amendment”) to the Fifth Amended and Restated Business Loan and Security Agreement with a group of 10 lenders (the “Credit Facility”). The First Amendment amended the Fifth Amended and Restated Business Loan and Security Agreement, entered into on May 17, 2017. As a result of the First Amendment, we increased our borrowing capacity by $200.0 million through the addition of a $200.0 million term loan to the Credit Facility. The First Amendment also made certain other changes to the Credit Facility as described in “Note 6—Long-Term Debt” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report.

Short-term liquidity requirements are created by our use of funds for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service, dividends and share repurchases. We expect to meet these requirements through a combination of cash flow from operations and borrowings. Our primary source of borrowings is from our Credit Facility, as described in “Note 6—Long-Term Debt” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report.

There is continued uncertainty as to effects of the COVID-19 virus on the global economy, which in turn may impact, among other things, our ability to generate historical levels of positive cash flows from operations and our ability to successfully execute and fund key initiatives. However, our current belief is that the combination of internally generated funds, available bank borrowings, and cash and cash equivalents on hand will provide the required liquidity and capital resources necessary to fund on-going operations, customary capital expenditures and acquisitions, quarterly cash dividends, share repurchases and organic growth. Additionally, we continuously analyze our capital structure to ensure we have capital to fund future strategic acquisitions. We monitor the state of the financial markets on a regular basis to assess the availability and cost of additional capital resources from both debt and equity sources. We believe that we will be able to access these markets at commercially reasonable terms and conditions if, in the future, we need additional borrowings or capital.

Financial Condition. There were several changes in our consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2021 compared to the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020. The more significant changes are discussed below.

Cash and cash equivalents decreased to $7.9 million as of September 30, 2021, from $13.8 million on December 31, 2020 and restricted cash decreased to $34.4 million as of September 30, 2021 from $68.1 million on December 31, 2020. These balances and the changes to the balances of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are further discussed in “Cash Flow” below and discussed in “Note 2—Restricted Cash” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.”

Contract receivables, net of allowance for credit losses, as of September 30, 2021 decreased to $215.3 million compared to $222.9 million on December 31, 2020, primarily due to our collection efforts as well as the timing of our billings. Contract receivables

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are a significant component of our working capital and may be favorably or unfavorably impacted by our collection efforts, including timing from new contract startups, and other short-term fluctuations related to the payment practices of our clients. Contract assets and contract liabilities represent revenue in excess of billings and billings in excess of revenue, respectively, both of which generally arise from revenue recognition timing and contractually stipulated billing schedules or billing complexity. At September 30, 2021, contract assets and contract liabilities were $154.8 million and $38.1 million, respectively, compared to $143.4 million and $42.1 million, respectively, at December 31, 2020.

We evaluate our collections efforts using the days-sales-outstanding ratio (“DSO”), which we calculate by dividing total accounts receivable (contract receivables, net and contract assets, less contract liabilities), by revenue per day for the trailing 90-day period. DSO was 76 days for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 compared to 83 days for the quarter ended September 30, 2020. We continue to be impacted by the Puerto Rico disaster relief and rebuild efforts which have complex reporting and billing requirements and have been slow to pay our invoices. The DSO, excluding the Puerto Rico disaster relief and rebuild efforts, was 70 days for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 compared to 71 days for the quarter ended September 30, 2020.

Goodwill, as discussed in “Note 4—Goodwill” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report, increased slightly due to the impact of foreign currency translation. Other intangible assets decreased to $50.8 million at September 30, 2021 from $59.9 million on December 31, 2020 due to continued amortization of intangible assets related to prior acquisitions that we had made.

The decrease in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are primarily due to the amortization of right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities through rent payments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we incurred a $0.3 million charge for the impairment of a lease for our discontinued use of the property in our operations and in anticipation of subleasing the property. While we believe that the property will be subleased to a new tenant, we may incur additional impairment charges in the event of a delay in subleasing the space or a tenant cannot be found.

Long-term debt (exclusive of unamortized debt issuance costs) decreased to $281.8 million on September 30, 2021 from $315.8 million on December 31, 2020, primarily due to the net repayments on our Credit Facility. The average debt balances on the Credit Facility for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were $341.0 million and $439.6 million, respectively, and $343.4 million and $445.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The average interest rate on the Credit Facility, excluding any fees and unamortized debt issuance costs, for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was 1.6% and 2.1%, respectively, and 1.7% and 2.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. We generally utilize cash flow from operations as our primary source of funding and turn to our Credit Facility to fund any temporary fluctuations, such as increases in contract receivables, reductions in accounts payable and accrued expenses, purchase of treasury stock, payment of declared dividends, additional capital expenditures, and to meet funding requirements for new acquisitions.

The decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss of $1.2 million, net of taxes, was driven by $1.7 million change before taxes in the value of certain foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar (primarily the British Pound, Euro and Canadian dollar), and $0.5 million in gains from the previous sale of an interest rate hedge reclassified to income, offset by a change of $1.5 million in the fair value of the interest rate hedging instruments, before taxes, and $2.8 million in losses reclassified to comprehensive income related to hedging instruments, before taxes. The net tax effects of the transactions totaled $0.8 million. See “Note 10—Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.”

We have entered into floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements (the “Swaps”) with expiration dates through August 2023 and February 2025 for a total notional amount of $200.0 million in order to hedge a portion of our floating rate Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2021, the fair value of the Swaps was an unrealized loss of $6.6 million, before tax, and is included in current and long-term liabilities. See “Note 8—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” and “Note 16—Fair Value” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.” On a quarterly basis, management evaluates the Swaps to determine their effectiveness and record the change in fair value of the Swaps as an adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive loss. Management intends that the Swaps remain effective.

We have explored various options for mitigating the risk associated with potential fluctuations in the foreign currencies in which we conduct transactions. We currently have forward contract agreements (“currency hedges”) in an amount proportionate to work anticipated to be performed under certain contracts in Europe. We recognize changes in the fair value of the currency hedges in our results of operations. We may increase the number, size, and scope of our currency hedges as we analyze options for mitigating our foreign exchange and interest rate risk. The current impact of the foreign currency hedges to the consolidated financial statements is immaterial.

Share Repurchase Program. The objective of the share repurchase program has been to offset dilution resulting from employee stock compensation. We meet our objective to offset dilution via our 10b5-1 and 10b-18 trading plans. In September 2017 the board of directors approved a share repurchase program that authorizes share repurchases in the aggregate up to $100.0 million. Our total repurchases are also limited by the Credit Facility as described in “Note 15—Share Repurchase Program” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report. Our overall repurchase limit is the lower of the amount imposed by our board of directors and by the Credit Facility. Previously, purchases under the repurchase program would be made from time to time at prevailing market prices in open market purchases or in privately negotiated transactions pursuant to Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under

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the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and in accordance with applicable insider trading and other securities laws and regulations. O n January 11, 2021, w e approved an updated Rule 10b5-1 plan element of the share repurchase program, as part of our normal process, which commence d in January 2021. The purchases are funded from existing cash balances and/or borrowings, and the repurchased shares will be held in treasury and used for general corporate purposes. The timing and extent to which we repurchase our shares will depend upon market conditions and other corporate considerations, as may be considered in our sole discretion. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we repurchased 173,000 shares under this program at an average price of $85.21 per share. The Credit Facility permits unlimited share repurchases, provided our Leverage Ratio, prior to and after giving effect to such repurchases, is not greater than 3.50 to 1.00. As of September 30, 2021, $31.3 million remained available for share repurchases under the Credit Facility.

Dividends. Cash dividends declared thus far in 2021 are as follows:

Dividend Declaration Date |  | Dividend Per Share |  |  | Record Date |  | Payment Date
February 25, 2021 |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | March 26, 2021 |  | April 13, 2021
May 4, 2021 |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | June 11, 2021 |  | July 14, 2021
August 3, 2021 |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | September 10, 2021 |  | October 13, 2021
November 2, 2021 |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | December 10, 2021 |  | January 12, 2022

Cash Flow. We consider cash on deposit and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. The following table sets forth our sources and uses of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities |  | $ | 64,763 |  |  | $ | 95,171 |
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities |  |  | (12,279 | ) |  |  | (266,000 | )
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities |  |  | (91,668 | ) |  |  | 172,707 |
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash |  |  | (501 | ) |  |  | (123 | )
(Decrease) Increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash |  | $ | (39,685 | ) |  | $ | 1,755 |

Our operating cash flows are primarily affected by the overall profitability of our contracts, our ability to invoice and collect from our clients in a timely manner, and the timing of vendor and subcontractor payments in accordance with negotiated payment terms. We bill most of our clients on a monthly basis after services are rendered.

Operating activities provided $64.8 million in cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $95.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in cash flows from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the prior year was primarily due to higher billings and lower cash collections of our receivables, payment of employer’s Social Security tax, offset by an increase in net income, inclusive of adjustments for non-cash expenses, and lower net use of cash for our payables, expenses, and vendor payments.

Investing activities used cash of $12.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $266.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Our cash flows used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were for capital expenditures for property and equipment and capitalized software, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 we used $253.1 million for payments of a business acquisition, net of cash acquired, and $12.9 million for capital expenditures for property and equipment and capitalized software.

Our cash flows provided by financing activities consists primarily of debt and equity transactions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, cash flows used in financing activities was $91.7 million, consisting of net cash payments to our Credit Facility totaling $33.9 million, net payments of restricted contract funds of $33.2 million, net payments for stock issuances and buybacks of $18.7 million, primarily representing shares repurchased under our share repurchase program, payments of cash dividends totaling $7.9 million, and payments on business acquisition liabilities of $0.7 million, offset by proceeds from exercises of stock options of $2.8 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, cash flows provided by financing activities was $172.7 million, primarily from cash provided by net advances on our Credit Facility of $209.6 million to fund the ITG acquisition, offset by cash used for net payments for stock issuances and buybacks of $23.2 million, primarily representing shares repurchased under our share repurchase program, payments of cash dividends totaling $7.9 million, payment of debt issuance costs of $2.1 million, payment on business acquisition liabilities of $1.9 million, and payment of capital expenditure obligations of $1.7 million.

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Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no material changes in the disclosures discussed in the section entitled “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report.

Item 4. | Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting. As of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. We performed the evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective for the purpose of ensuring that the information required to be disclosed in our reports filed with the SEC under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. There have been no significant changes in our internal controls over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f), during the periods covered by this Quarterly Report or, to our knowledge, in other factors that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls. Control systems, no matter how well conceived and operated, are designed to provide a reasonable, but not an absolute, level of assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been or will be detected. Because of the inherent limitations in any control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be detected.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. | Legal Proceedings

We are involved in various legal matters and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. While these matters and proceedings cause us to incur costs, including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees, we currently believe that any ultimate liability arising out of these matters and proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Item 1A. | Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in the risk factors discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report.

The risks described in our Annual Report are not the only risks that we encounter. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and/or operating results.

Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchase of Equity Securities by Issuer. The following table summarizes our share repurchase activity for the three months ended September 30, 2021:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)(2) |  |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  |  | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (3) |
July 1 - July 31 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 31,356,499 |
August 1 - August 31 |  |  | 3,654 |  |  | $ | 90.45 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 31,356,499 |
September 1 - September 30 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 31,356,499 |
Total |  |  | 3,654 |  |  | $ | 90.45 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |

(1) | The total number of shares purchased of 3,654 include shares purchased from employees to pay required withholding taxes related to the settlement of any restricted stock units in accordance with our applicable long-term incentive plan.

(2) | During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we repurchased 3,654 shares of common stock from employees in satisfaction of tax withholding obligations at an average price of $90.45 per share.

(3) | The current share repurchase program authorizes share repurchases in the aggregate up to $100.0 million, not to exceed the amount allowed under the Credit Facility. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we did not repurchase any shares under the stock repurchase program.

Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. | Other Information

None.

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Item 6. | Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit
31.1 |  | Certificate of the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a). *
31.2 |  | Certificate of the Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a). *
32.1 |  | Certification of the Executive Chairman pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
32.2 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
101 |  | The following materials from the ICF International, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 formatted in Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (iv) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.*
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* | Submitted electronically herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| ICF INTERNATIONAL, INC.
November 3, 2021 | By: |  | /s/ John Wasson
|  |  | John Wasson
|  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
November 3, 2021 | By: |  | /s/ Bettina Welsh
|  |  | Bettina Welsh
|  |  | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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