FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities using a hierarchy system and requires disclosures about fair value measurement. It clarifies that fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts.

The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 Inputs – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets that the Company has the ability to access at measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions are observable in the market.

Level 3 Inputs – Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market and are used only to the extent that observable inputs are not available. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

Securities Available for Sale and Held to Maturity. Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and securities held to maturity are carried at amortized cost. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using an independent pricing service. For both Level 1 and Level 2 securities, management uses various methods and techniques to corroborate prices obtained from the pricing service, including but not limited to reference to dealer or other market quotes, and by reviewing valuations of comparable instruments. The Company’s Level 1 securities include equity securities and mutual funds. Level 2 securities include U.S. Government agency and instrumentality securities, U.S. Government agency and instrumentality mortgage-backed securities, municipal bonds, corporate debt securities and trust preferred securities. The Company had no Level 3 securities at March 31, 2017 or September 30, 2016.

The fair values of securities are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1 inputs), or valuation based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions are observable in the market (Level 2 inputs). The Company considers these valuations supplied by a third party provider which utilizes several sources for valuing fixed-income securities. These sources include Interactive Data Corporation, Reuters, Standard and Poor’s, Bloomberg Financial Markets, Street Software Technology, and the third party provider’s own matrix and desk pricing. The Company, no less than annually, reviews the third party’s methods and source’s methodology for reasonableness and to ensure an understanding of inputs utilized in determining fair value. Sources utilized by the third party provider include but are not limited to pricing models that vary based by asset class and include available trade, bid, and other market information. This methodology includes but is not limited to broker quotes, proprietary models, descriptive terms and conditions databases, as well as extensive quality control programs. Monthly, the Company receives and compares prices provided by multiple securities dealers and pricing providers to validate the accuracy and reasonableness of prices received from the third party provider. On a monthly basis, the Investment Committee reviews mark-to-market changes in the securities portfolio for reasonableness.

The following table summarizes the fair values of securities available for sale and held to maturity at March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2016. Securities available for sale are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, while securities held to maturity are carried at amortized cost in the consolidated statements of financial condition.



	Fair Value At March 31, 2017
	Available For Sale								Held to Maturity
(Dollars in Thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Debt securities
Small business administration securities	131,348		—		131,348		—		—		—		—		—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		—		—		—		20,105		—		20,105		—
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	932,010		—		932,010		—		453,338		—		453,338		—
Asset-backed securities	119,527		—		119,527		—		—		—		—		—
Mortgage-backed securities	642,833		—		642,833		—		120,980		—		120,980		—
Total debt securities	1,825,718		—		1,825,718		—		594,423		—		594,423		—
Common equities and mutual funds	1,555		1,555		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total securities	$	1,827,273	$	1,555	$	1,825,718	$	—	$	594,423	$	—	$	594,423	$	—



	Fair Value At September 30, 2016
	Available For Sale								Held to Maturity
(Dollars in Thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Debt securities
Trust preferred securities	$	12,978	$	—	$	12,978	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Small business administration securities	80,719		—		80,719		—		—		—		—		—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		—		—		—		20,937		—		20,937		—
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	698,672		—		698,672		—		477,202		—		477,202		—
Asset-backed securities	116,815		—		116,815		—		—		—		—		—
Mortgage-backed securities	558,940		—		558,940		—		134,435		—		134,435		—
Total debt securities	1,468,124		—		1,468,124		—		632,574		—		632,574		—
Common equities and mutual funds	1,125		1,125		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total securities	$	1,469,249	$	1,125	$	1,468,124	$	—	$	632,574	$	—	$	632,574	$	—

Contingent Consideration. The fair value of the cash contingent consideration liability in the SCS acquisition was estimated using an option based income valuation method with significant inputs that are not observable in the market and thus represents a Level 3 fair value measurement as defined in the FASB's ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. The significant inputs in the Level 3 measurement not supported by market activity included the Company's probability assessments of expected future cash flows related to its acquisition of SCS during the earn-out period.



	March 31, 2017								September 30, 2016
	Fair Value Measurements Using Input Types								Fair Value Measurements Using Input Types
(Dollars in Thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Contingent Consideration	$	—	$	—	$	17,252	$	17,252	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	17,252	$	17,252	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Loans. The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, if a loan is considered impaired, an allowance for loan losses is established. Once a loan is identified as individually impaired, management measures impairment in accordance with ASC 310, Receivables.

The following table summarizes the assets of the Company that were measured at fair value in the consolidated statements of financial condition on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2016.



	Fair Value At March 31, 2017
(Dollars in Thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Impaired Loans, net
1-4 family residential mortgage loans	$	67	$	—	$	—	$	67
Commercial operating loans	$	248	$	—	$	—	$	248
Total Impaired Loans	$	315	$	—	$	—	$	315
Foreclosed Assets, net	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total	$	315	$	—	$	—	$	315



	Fair Value At September 30, 2016
(Dollars in Thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Impaired Loans, net
1-4 family residential mortgage loans	$	68	$	—	$	—	$	68
Total Impaired Loans	68		—		—		68
Foreclosed Assets, net	76						76
Total	$	144	$	—	$	—	$	144



	Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in Thousands)	Fair Value at March 31, 2017		Fair Value at September 30, 2016	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range of Inputs
Impaired Loans, net	$	315	68	Market approach	Appraised values ⁽¹⁾	4.00 - 10.00%
Foreclosed Assets, net	$	—	76	Market approach	Appraised values ⁽¹⁾	4.00 - 10.00%
Contingent Consideration	$	17,252	—	Option based income	Discount rate	7.20%
					Risk-free rate	1.02%
					Company specific discount rate	1.76%


⁽¹⁾	The Company generally relies on external appraisers to develop this information. Management reduced the appraised value by estimating selling costs in a range of 4% to 10%.

The following table discloses the Company’s estimated fair value amounts of its financial instruments as of the dates set forth below. It is management’s belief that the fair values presented below are reasonable based on the valuation techniques and data available to the Company as of March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2016, as more fully described below. The operations of the Company are managed from a going concern basis and not a liquidation basis. As a result, the ultimate value realized for the financial instruments presented could be substantially different when actually recognized over time through the normal course of operations. Additionally, a substantial portion of the Company’s inherent value is the Bank’s capitalization and franchise value. Neither of these components have been given consideration in the presentation of fair values below.

The following presents the carrying amount and estimated fair value of the financial instruments held by the Company at March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2016.



	March 31, 2017
	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	67,293	$	67,293	$	67,293	$	—	$	—

Securities available for sale	1,827,273		1,827,273		1,555		1,825,718		—
Securities held to maturity	596,803		594,423		—		594,423		—
Total securities	2,424,076		2,421,696		1,555		2,420,141		—

Loans receivable:
One to four family residential mortgage loans	178,310		176,879		—		—		176,879
Commercial and multi-family real estate loans	473,058		464,071		—		—		464,071
Agricultural real estate loans	62,422		58,829		—		—		58,829
Consumer loans	182,156		181,687		—		—		181,687
Commercial operating loans	33,894		34,004		—		—		34,004
Agricultural operating loans	35,493		35,394		—		—		35,394
Premium finance loans	187,049		190,327		—		—		190,327
Total loans receivable	1,152,382		1,141,191		—		—		1,141,191

Federal Home Loan Bank stock	25,043		25,043		—		25,043		—
Accrued interest receivable	20,902		20,902		20,902		—		—

Financial liabilities
Noninterest bearing demand deposits	2,637,167		2,637,167		2,637,167		—		—
Interest bearing demand deposits, savings, and money markets	151,971		151,971		151,971		—		—
Certificates of deposit	61,170		60,689		—		60,689		—
Wholesale non-maturing deposits	21,923		21,923		21,923		—		—
Total deposits	2,872,231		2,871,750		2,811,061		60,689		—

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank	7,000		7,891		—		7,891		—
Federal funds purchased	493,000		493,000		493,000		—		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	1,848		1,848		—		1,848		—
Capital lease	1,980		1,980		—		1,980		—
Trust preferred securities	10,310		10,446		—		10,446		—
Subordinated debentures	73,278		75,375		—		75,375		—
Accrued interest payable	722		722		722		—		—



	September 30, 2016
	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	773,830	$	773,830	$	773,830	$	—	$	—

Securities available for sale	1,469,249		1,469,249		1,125		1,468,124		—
Securities held to maturity	619,853		632,574		—		632,574		—
Total securities	2,089,102		2,101,823		1,125		2,100,698		—

Loans receivable:
One to four family residential mortgage loans	162,298		163,886		—		—		163,886
Commercial and multi-family real estate loans	422,932		422,307		—		—		422,307
Agricultural real estate loans	63,612		63,868		—		—		63,868
Consumer loans	37,094		36,738		—		—		36,738
Commercial operating loans	31,271		31,108		—		—		31,108
Agricultural operating loans	37,083		36,897		—		—		36,897
Premium finance loans	171,604		172,000		—		—		172,000
Total loans receivable	925,894		926,803		—		—		926,803

Federal Home Loan Bank stock	47,512		47,512		—		47,512		—
Accrued interest receivable	17,199		17,199		17,199		—		—

Financial liabilities
Noninterest bearing demand deposits	2,167,522		2,167,522		2,167,522		—		—
Interest bearing demand deposits, savings, and money markets	136,568		136,568		136,568		—		—
Certificates of deposit	125,992		125,772		—		125,772		—
Total deposits	2,430,082		2,429,862		2,304,090		125,772		—

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank	107,000		108,168		—		108,168		—
Federal funds purchased	992,000		992,000		992,000		—		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	3,039		3,039		—		3,039		—
Capital lease	2,018		2,018		—		2,018		—
Trust preferred securities	10,310		10,437		—		10,437		—
Subordinated debentures	73,211		77,250		—		77,250		—
Accrued interest payable	875		875		875		—		—

The following sets forth the methods and assumptions used in determining the fair value estimates for the Company’s financial instruments at March 31, 2017 and September 30, 2016.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

The carrying amount of cash and short-term investments is assumed to approximate the fair value.

SECURITIES AVAILABLE FOR SALE AND HELD TO MATURITY

Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and securities held to maturity are carried at amortized cost. Fair values for investment securities are based on obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges, or matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities.

LOANS RECEIVABLE, NET

The fair value of loans is estimated using a historical or replacement cost basis concept (i.e., an entrance price concept). The fair value of loans was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers and for similar remaining maturities. When using the discounting method to determine fair value, homogeneous loans with similar terms and conditions were grouped together and discounted at a target rate at which similar loans would be made to borrowers at March 31, 2017 or September 30, 2016. In addition, when computing the estimated fair value for all loans, allowances for loan losses have been subtracted from the calculated fair value as a result of the discounted cash flow which approximates the fair value adjustment for the credit quality component.

FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK (“FHLB”) STOCK

The fair value of FHLB stock is assumed to approximate book value since the Company is only able to redeem this stock at par value.

ACCRUED INTEREST RECEIVABLE

The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable is assumed to approximate the fair value.

DEPOSITS

The carrying values of non-interest bearing checking deposits, interest bearing checking deposits, savings, money markets, and wholesale non-maturing deposits are assumed to approximate fair value, since such deposits are immediately withdrawable without penalty. The fair value of time certificates of deposit and wholesale certificates of deposit were estimated by discounting expected future cash flows by the current rates offered on certificates of deposit with similar remaining maturities.

In accordance with ASC 825, Financial Instruments, no value has been assigned to the Company’s long-term relationships with its deposit customers (core value of deposits intangible) since such intangibles are not financial instruments as defined under ASC 825.

ADVANCES FROM FHLB

The fair value of such advances was estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows using current interest rates for advances with similar terms and remaining maturities.

FEDERAL FUNDS PURCHASED

The carrying amount of federal funds purchased is assumed to approximate the fair value.

SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE AND SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES

The fair value of these instruments was estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows using derived interest rates approximating market over the contractual maturity of such borrowings.

ACCRUED INTEREST PAYABLE

The carrying amount of accrued interest payable is assumed to approximate the fair value.

LIMITATIONS

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time and are based on relevant market information about the financial instrument. Additionally, fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business, customer relationships and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument for sale at one time. Furthermore, since no market exists for certain of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates may be based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with a high level of precision. Changes in assumptions as well as tax considerations could significantly affect the estimates. Accordingly, based on the limitations described above, the aggregate fair value estimates are not intended to represent the underlying value of the Company, on either a going concern or a liquidation basis.