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INCOME TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Provision for Income Taxes
The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return on a fiscal year basis. The provision for income taxes for the years presented below consisted of the following: 
Fiscal Years Ended September 30,
(Dollars in Thousands)202020192018
Federal:
Current$3,148 $5,278 $(4,023)
Deferred(4,505)(14,831)5,895 
 (1,357)(9,553)1,872 
State:   
Current4,860 5,649 2,611 
Deferred2,158 530 634 
 7,018 6,179 3,245 
Income tax (benefit) expense$5,661 $(3,374)$5,117 
Components of Net Deferred Tax Asset (Liability)
The tax effects of the Company's temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of its deferred tax assets and liabilities were:
September 30,
(Dollars in Thousands)20202019
Deferred tax assets:
Bad debts$13,968 $6,805 
Deferred compensation1,288 1,626 
Stock based compensation4,073 4,296 
Valuation adjustments5,343 6,596 
General business credits(1)
37,888 27,935 
Accrued expenses2,155 3,767 
Lease liability6,798 — 
Other assets3,215 3,144 
 74,728 54,169 
Deferred tax liabilities:  
Premises and equipment(2,852)(3,084)
Intangibles(2,114)(1,812)
Net unrealized gains on securities available for sale(5,964)(2,146)
Deferred income— (179)
Leased assets(35,279)(24,996)
Right-of-use assets(6,550)— 
Other liabilities(4,246)(3,068)
 (57,005)(35,285)
Net deferred tax assets$17,723 $18,884 
(1) The general business credits are investment tax credits generated from qualified solar energy property placed in service during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. These credits expire on September 30, 2040.
Reconciliation of Total Income Tax Expense The Company's effective tax rate is calculated by dividing income tax expense by income before income tax expense.
Fiscal Years Ended September 30,
202020192018
(Dollars in Thousands)AmountRateAmountRateAmount Rate
Statutory federal income tax expense and rate$24,151 21.0 %$20,568 21.0 %$14,082 24.5 %
Change in tax rate resulting from:
State income taxes net of federal benefits5,444 4.7 %5,000 5.1 %2,461 4.3 %
162(m) disallowance1,129 1.0 %2,777 2.8 %— — %
Tax exempt income(1,212)(1.0)%(2,714)(2.8)%(6,968)(12.1)%
Nondeductible acquisition costs— — %— — %1,295 2.3 %
General business credits(22,284)(19.4)%(27,126)(27.7)%(3,948)(6.9)%
Tax reform— — %— — %3,849 6.7 %
Amended Crestmark Bancorp historical tax return— — %— — %(4,644)(8.1)%
Other, net(1,567)(1.4)%(1,879)(1.8)%(1,010)(1.7)%
Income tax expense (benefit)$5,661 4.9 %$(3,374)(3.4)%$5,117 9.0 %
Reconciliation of Liabilities Associated with Unrecognized Tax Benefits
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for liabilities associated with unrecognized tax benefits follows: 
September 30,
(Dollars in Thousands)20202019
Balance at beginning of fiscal year$368 $434 
Additions (reductions) for tax positions related to prior years723 (66)
Balance at end of fiscal year$1,091 $368