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SECURITIES
 9 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
SECURITIES SECURITIES
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair values of debt securities available for sale ("AFS") and held to maturity ("HTM") are presented below.

(Dollars in thousands)Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized (Losses)Fair
Value
Debt Securities AFS
June 30, 2025
Corporate securities$25,000 $— $(3,875)$21,125 
SBA securities11,791 — (1,108)10,683 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions162 — (1)161 
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions218,328 23 (28,806)189,545 
Asset-backed securities142,963 11 (2,782)140,192 
Mortgage-backed securities1,180,069 17 (174,452)1,005,634 
Total debt securities AFS$1,578,313 $51 $(211,024)$1,367,340 
September 30, 2024
Corporate securities$25,000 $— $(5,250)$19,750 
SBA securities86,036 — (4,101)81,935 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions501 — (21)480 
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions246,233 44 (28,287)217,990 
Asset-backed securities192,979 337 (3,618)189,698 
Mortgage-backed securities1,393,549 84 (162,265)1,231,368 
Total debt securities AFS$1,944,298 $465 $(203,542)$1,741,221 
Debt Securities HTM
June 30, 2025
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions$28,314 $— $(4,263)$24,051 
Mortgage-backed securities1,959 — (239)1,720 
Total debt securities HTM$30,273 $— $(4,502)$25,771 
September 30, 2024
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions$31,060 $— $(2,668)$28,392 
Mortgage-backed securities2,032 — (188)1,844 
Total debt securities HTM$33,092 $— $(2,856)$30,236 
Gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, were as follows:

LESS THAN 12 MONTHSOVER 12 MONTHSTOTAL
(Dollars in thousands)Fair
Value		Gross Unrealized (Losses)Fair
Value		Gross Unrealized (Losses)Fair
Value		Gross Unrealized (Losses)
Debt Securities AFS
June 30, 2025
Corporate securities$— $— $21,125 $(3,875)$21,125 $(3,875)
SBA securities— — 10,683 (1,108)10,683 (1,108)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions161 (1)— — 161 (1)
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions— — 187,593 (28,806)187,593 (28,806)
Asset-backed securities66,794 (725)68,015 (2,057)134,809 (2,782)
Mortgage-backed securities13,041 (111)990,596 (174,341)1,003,637 (174,452)
Total debt securities AFS$79,996 $(837)$1,278,012 $(210,187)$1,358,008 $(211,024)
September 30, 2024
Corporate securities$— $— $19,750 $(5,250)$19,750 $(5,250)
SBA securities— — 81,935 (4,101)81,935 (4,101)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions— — 280 (21)280 (21)
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions— — 215,956 (28,287)215,956 (28,287)
Asset-backed securities52,101 (176)88,576 (3,442)140,677 (3,618)
Mortgage-backed securities2,377 (15)1,215,781 (162,250)1,218,158 (162,265)
Total debt securities AFS$54,478 $(191)$1,622,278 $(203,351)$1,676,756 $(203,542)
Debt Securities HTM
June 30, 2025
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions$— $— $24,051 $(4,263)$24,051 $(4,263)
Mortgage-backed securities— — 1,720 (239)1,720 (239)
Total debt securities HTM$— $— $25,771 $(4,502)$25,771 $(4,502)
September 30, 2024
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions$— $— $28,392 $(2,668)$28,392 $(2,668)
Mortgage-backed securities— — 1,844 (188)1,844 (188)
Total debt securities HTM$— $— $30,236 $(2,856)$30,236 $(2,856)
The decrease in the fair value of investment securities balances when comparing June 30, 2025 to September 30, 2024 was primarily driven by the sale of $217.9 million debt securities AFS and principal pay downs during the nine months. The sale of debt securities AFS in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 stemmed from the decision to offset the gain on the sale of the commercial insurance premium finance business. The sale of debt securities AFS in the second quarter of fiscal 2025 stemmed from the decision to offset the gain on the sale of the transportation portfolio within working capital. Individual securities were identified for sale upon close of the transactions in order to reposition the debt securities AFS portfolio. At June 30, 2025, there were 153 debt securities AFS in an unrealized loss position. Management assessed each investment security with unrealized losses for credit loss by evaluating qualitative factors, including materiality of loss position as a percentage of book value, credit ratings, outstanding principal and interest payments, and changes in the underlying implicit or explicit guarantee of the security, and determined all unrealized losses on these securities were due to adverse market conditions and/or change in interest rates versus credit loss. As part of that assessment, management evaluated and concluded that it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will not be required and does not intend to sell any of the securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost. At June 30, 2025, there was no allowance for credit losses ("ACL") for debt securities AFS.

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity are shown below. Certain securities have call features which allow the issuer to call the security prior to maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities in MBS because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Therefore, MBS are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary. The expected maturities of certain SBA securities may differ from contractual maturities because the borrowers may have the right to prepay the obligation. However, certain prepayment penalties may apply.

(Dollars in thousands)June 30, 2025September 30, 2024
Debt Securities AFSAmortized CostFair
Value		Amortized CostFair
Value
Due in one year or less$380 $382 $1,826 $1,796 
Due after one year through five years1,712 1,732 14,772 14,211 
Due after five years through ten years27,883 24,013 70,894 63,636 
Due after ten years368,269 335,580 463,257 430,210 
398,244 361,707 550,749 509,853 
Mortgage-backed securities1,180,069 1,005,633 1,393,549 1,231,368 
Total debt securities AFS$1,578,313 $1,367,340 $1,944,298 $1,741,221 
Debt Securities HTM
Due after ten years$28,314 $24,051 $31,060 $28,392 
28,314 24,051 31,060 28,392 
Mortgage-backed securities1,959 1,720 2,032 1,844 
Total debt securities HTM$30,273 $25,771 $33,092 $30,236 

Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB") Stock. The Bank is required by federal law to subscribe to capital stock (divided into shares of $100 each) as a member of the FRB of Minneapolis with an amount equal to six per centum of the paid-up capital stock and surplus. One-half of the subscription is paid at time of application, and one-half is subject to call of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. FRB of Minneapolis stock held by the Bank totaled $19.7 million at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024. These equity securities are 'restricted' in that they can only be owned by member banks.

Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") Stock. The Company's borrowings from the FHLB are secured by specific investment securities. Such advances can be made pursuant to several different credit programs, each of which has its own interest rate and range of maturities.

The investments in the FHLB stock are required investments related to the Company's membership in and current borrowings from the FHLB of Des Moines. The investments in the FHLB of Des Moines could be adversely impacted by the financial operations of the FHLB and actions of their regulator, the Federal Housing Finance Agency.
The FHLB stock is carried at cost since it is generally redeemable at par value. The carrying value of the stock held at the FHLB was $9.8 million and $16.3 million at June 30, 2025 and at September 30, 2024, respectively.

These equity securities are ‘restricted’ in that they can only be sold back to the respective institution from which they were acquired or another member institution at par. Therefore, FRB and FHLB stocks are less liquid than other marketable equity securities, and the cost approximates fair value.

Equity Securities. The Company held $3.7 million and $3.3 million in marketable equity securities within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively. The Company recognized $0.1 million and $0.2 million in unrealized losses on marketable equity securities during the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. No such securities were sold during the nine months ended June 30, 2025.

Non-marketable equity securities with a readily determinable fair value totaled $12.7 million and $11.8 million at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively. These securities are held within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company recognized $1.1 million and $0.6 million in unrealized gains during the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. No such securities were sold during the nine months ended June 30, 2025.

Non-marketable equity securities without readily determinable fair value totaled $14.7 million and $13.6 million at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively, reflecting Company ownership interests in other entities through its Pathward Venture Capital, LLC, a wholly-owned service corporation subsidiary of the Bank that was formed in 2017 for the purpose of making minority equity investments and other corporate investments. During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized a $0.4 million gain on Visa shares which were carried at a cost basis of $0. This gain was recognized within the gain on sale of other on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. There were no additional such securities sold during the nine months ended June 30, 2025.

Equity Securities Impairment. The Company evaluates impairment for investments held at cost on at least an annual basis based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value. All other equity investments, including those under the equity method, are reviewed for other-than-temporary impairment on at least a quarterly basis. The Company recognized no impairment for such investments for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.