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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 9 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities using a hierarchy system and requires disclosures about fair value measurement. It clarifies that fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts.

The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 Inputs - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets that the Company has the ability to access at measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions are observable in the market.

Level 3 Inputs - Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market and are used only to the extent that observable inputs are not available. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Debt Securities AFS and HTM. Debt securities AFS are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and debt securities HTM are carried at amortized cost.

The fair value of debt securities AFS, categorized primarily as Level 2, is recorded using prices obtained from independent asset pricing services that are based on observable transactions, but not quoted markets. Management
reviews the prices obtained from independent asset pricing services for unusual fluctuations and compares to current market trading activity.

Equity Securities. Marketable equity securities and certain non-marketable equity securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair values of marketable equity securities are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1 inputs).

Derivatives. The Bank's use of derivatives is limited to the Consumer Lending Programs. Under these Programs, the Bank has an agreement with a third party to originate consumer loans that are included in the Bank's held for investment or held for sale portfolios. The third party provides a target return to the Company on the portfolio of loans retained by the Bank and all interest received from borrowers on such loans above the target return and after all charge-offs have been covered is paid to the third party as excess interest and servicing. The primary drivers of the derivative value include the Company's ability to settle the loans at par value and the third party partners' rights of first refusal to purchase loans that the Company intends to sell. The Company estimates the fair value of the derivative instrument using a market approach considering primarily the average interest rate on the underlying loans and the credit spread relative to the risk-free rate in order to validate that the value of the loans is in excess of par and thus the derivative could be settled by either party at no cost. The Company considers this derivative instrument to be within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, as it utilizes inputs from sales or securitization transactions involving similar loans. As of June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, the Company determined the derivatives had no fair value, respectively, thus eliminating the need for further disclosures regarding Level 3 inputs as outlined in ASC 820.

The following table summarizes the fair values of debt securities AFS and equity securities as they are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

(Dollars in thousands)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
June 30, 2025
Debt securities AFS    
Corporate securities$21,125 $— $21,125 $— 
SBA securities10,683 — 10,683 — 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions161 — 161 — 
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions189,545 — 189,545 — 
Asset-backed securities140,192 — 140,192 — 
Mortgage-backed securities1,005,634 — 1,005,634 — 
Total debt securities AFS$1,367,340 $— $1,367,340 $— 
Common equities and mutual funds(1)
$3,675 $3,675 $— $— 
Non-marketable equity securities(2)
$12,669 $— $— $— 
September 30, 2024
Debt securities AFS    
Corporate securities$19,750 $— $19,750 $— 
SBA securities81,935 — 81,935 — 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions480 — 480 — 
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions217,990 — 217,990 — 
Asset-backed securities189,698 — 189,698 — 
Mortgage-backed securities1,231,368 — 1,231,368 — 
Total debt securities AFS$1,741,221 $— $1,741,221 $— 
Common equities and mutual funds(1)
$3,303 $3,303 $— $— 
Non-marketable equity securities(2)
$11,828 $— $— $— 
(1) Equity securities at fair value are included within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024.
(2) Consists of certain non-marketable equity securities that are measured at fair value using net asset value ("NAV") per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy.
Loans and Leases. The Company does not record loans and leases at fair value on a recurring basis. However, if a loan or lease is individually evaluated for risk of credit loss and repayment is expected to be solely provided by the values of the underlying collateral, the Company measures fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Fair value is determined by the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated costs to sell. The fair value of the collateral is determined based on the internal estimates and/or assessment provided by third-party appraisers and the valuation relies on discount rates ranging from 3% to 35%.

The following table summarizes the assets of the Company that are measured at fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition on a nonrecurring basis:

(Dollars in thousands)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
June 30, 2025
Loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss    
Commercial finance$20,401 $— $— $20,401 
    Total loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss20,401 — — 20,401 
Total$20,401 $— $— $20,401 
September 30, 2024
Loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss    
Commercial finance$7,652 $— $— $7,652 
    Total loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss7,652 — — 7,652 
Total$7,652 $— $— $7,652 

 Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in thousands)
Fair Value at
June 30, 2025
Fair Value at
September 30, 2024
Valuation
Technique		Unobservable InputRange of Inputs
Loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss$20,401 $7,652 Market approach
Appraised values(1)
3% - 35%
(1) The Company generally relies on external appraisers to develop this information. Management reduced the appraised value by estimating selling costs and other inputs in a range of 3% to 35%.

Management discloses the estimated fair value of financial instruments, including assets and liabilities on and off the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. These fair value estimates were made at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 based on relevant market information and information about financial instruments. Fair value estimates are intended to represent the price at which an asset could be sold or a liability could be settled. However, since there is no active market for certain financial instruments of the Company, the estimates of fair value are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties, and include matters of significant judgment. Changes in assumptions as well as tax considerations could significantly affect the estimated values. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value estimates are not intended to represent the underlying value of the Company, on either a going concern or a liquidation basis.
The following tables present the carrying amount and estimated fair value of the financial instruments held by the Company:

 June 30, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)Carrying
Amount		Estimated
Fair Value		Level 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents$258,343 $258,343 $258,343 $— $— 
Debt securities available for sale1,367,340 1,367,339 — 1,367,339 — 
Debt securities held to maturity30,273 25,771 — 25,771 — 
Common equities and mutual funds(1)
3,675 3,675 3,675 — — 
Non-marketable equity securities(1)(2)
22,369 22,369 — 9,699 — 
Loans held for sale49,767 49,767 — 49,767 — 
Loans and leases4,745,921 4,704,600 — — 4,704,600 
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stocks29,451 29,451 — 29,451 — 
Accrued interest receivable39,996 39,996 39,996 — — 
Financial liabilities
Deposits6,005,246 6,005,178 6,002,610 2,568 — 
Overnight federal funds purchased115,000 115,000 115,000 — — 
Other short- and long-term borrowings33,431 33,077 — 33,077 — 
Accrued interest payable742 742 742 — — 
(1) Equity securities at fair value are included within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at June 30, 2025.
(2) Includes certain non-marketable equity securities that are measured at fair value using NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy.

 September 30, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)Carrying
Amount		Estimated
Fair Value		Level 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents$158,337 $158,337 $158,337 $— $— 
Debt securities available for sale1,741,221 1,741,221 — 1,741,221 — 
Debt securities held to maturity33,092 30,236 — 30,236 — 
Common equities and mutual funds(1)
3,303 3,303 3,303 — — 
Non-marketable equity securities(1)(2)
21,350 21,350 — 9,522 — 
Loans held for sale691,688 691,688 — 691,688 — 
Loans and leases4,071,071 4,036,490 — — 4,036,490 
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stocks36,014 36,014 — 36,014 — 
Accrued interest receivable31,385 31,385 31,385 — — 
Financial liabilities
Deposits5,875,085 5,874,994 5,845,879 29,115 — 
Overnight federal funds purchased377,000 377,000 377,000 — — 
Other short- and long-term borrowings33,354 31,787 — 31,787 — 
Accrued interest payable571 571 571 — — 
(1) Equity securities at fair value are included within other assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at September 30, 2024.
(2) Includes certain non-marketable equity securities that are measured at fair value using NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy.