SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Business

United Natural Foods, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") is a leading distributor of natural, organic and specialty products. The Company sells its products primarily throughout the United States and Canada.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.

The fiscal year of the Company ends on the Saturday closest to July 31. Fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016 ended on July 28, 2018, July 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016, respectively. Fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016 contained 52 weeks. Each of the Company's interim quarters within fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017 consisted of 13 weeks.

Net sales consist primarily of sales of natural, organic and specialty products to retailers, adjusted for customer volume discounts, returns and allowances. Net sales also include amounts charged by the Company to customers for shipping and handling, and fuel surcharges. The principal components of cost of sales include the amounts paid to suppliers for product sold, plus the cost of transportation necessary to bring the product to the Company's distribution facilities, offset by consideration received from suppliers in connection with the purchase or promotion of the suppliers' products. Cost of sales also includes amounts incurred by the Company's manufacturing subsidiary, United Natural Trading LLC, which does business as Woodstock Farms Manufacturing, for inbound transportation costs and depreciation for manufacturing equipment, offset by consideration received from suppliers in connection with the purchase or promotion of the suppliers' products. Operating expenses include salaries and wages, employee benefits, warehousing and delivery, selling, occupancy, insurance, administrative, share-based compensation, depreciation, and amortization expense. The Company disposed of its retail division in fiscal 2018. Other expense (income) includes interest on outstanding indebtedness, interest income and miscellaneous income and expenses.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported therein. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be based on amounts that differ from those estimates.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company opened its shared services center which established a centralized processing function for certain of its legal entities. As a result of the growth in net sales and inventory in fiscal 2018, the changes in processing, and the resulting increase in the Company’s estimate of its accrual for inventory purchases, the Company initiated a review of its supplier invoicing processes and undertook a review of its estimate of its accrual for inventory purchases.

The Company typically generates purchase orders to initiate the procurement process for the products it sells, and orders are subsequently fulfilled by suppliers and delivered to the Company. In certain situations, inventory purchased by the Company may be delivered to the Company prior to the supplier sending the Company an associated invoice. When the Company receives inventory from a supplier before the supplier invoice is received, the Company customarily accrues for liabilities associated with this received but not invoiced inventory as its accrual for inventory purchases. During the 13 and 39-week periods ended April 28, 2018 the Company experienced an increased volume in its accrual for inventory purchases. When the Company receives a supplier invoice subsequent to a period end, the invoice is reconciled to the accrual for inventory purchases account. Due to the large volumes of orders and SKUs, and pricing and quantity differences between the supplier invoice and the Company’s records, at times only a portion of the accrual for inventory purchases is able to be matched to the supplier invoice. Historically, the Company relieved any unresolved and partially matched amounts in its accrual for inventory purchases when such amounts were substantially matched or aged past twelve months as it was determined that a liability was no longer considered probable at that point.

In the third quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company finalized its analysis and review of its accrual for inventory purchases, including a historical data analysis of unmatched and partially matched amounts that were aged greater than twelve months and the ultimate resolution of such aged accruals. Based on its analysis, the Company determined that it could reasonably estimate the outcome of its partially matched supplier invoices upon receipt of such invoice rather than when the amount was aged greater than twelve months and a liability was no longer considered probable. As a result of this change in estimate, accounts payable was reduced by $20.9 million, resulting in an increase to net income of $13.9 million, or $0.27 per diluted share, for both the 13 and the 39-weeks ended April 28, 2018.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Inventories and Cost of Sales

Inventories consist primarily of finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost being determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Allowances received from suppliers are recorded as reductions in cost of sales upon the sale of the related products.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Equipment under capital leases is stated at the lower of the present value of minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease or the fair value of the asset. Property and equipment includes the non-cash expenditures made by the landlord for the Aurora, Colorado distribution center in addition to office space utilized as the Company's Corporate headquarters in Providence, Rhode Island as the lease qualifies for capital lease treatment pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 840, Leases. Property and equipment also includes accumulated depreciation with respect to these items. Refer to Note 8, "Long-Term Debt", for additional information.

Applicable interest charges incurred during the construction of new facilities may be capitalized as one of the elements of cost and are amortized over the assets' estimated useful lives. The Company capitalized $0.4 million of interest during the fiscal year ended July 30, 2016 related to the construction of the Company's distribution center in Gilroy, California which began operations in February 2016. The Company did not capitalize interest during the fiscal years ended July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017.

Property and equipment consisted of the following at July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017:



	Original Estimated Useful Lives (Years)	2018		2017
	(In thousands, except years)
Land		$	52,929	$	52,989
Buildings and improvements	20-40	446,665		396,733
Leasehold improvements	5-20	106,014		138,466
Warehouse equipment	3-30	185,669		173,591
Office equipment	3-10	85,734		95,794
Computer software	3-7	155,329		147,647
Motor vehicles	3-7	4,884		4,657
Construction in progress		22,105		17,968
		1,059,329		1,027,845
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		488,183		425,755
Net property and equipment		$	571,146	$	602,090

Depreciation expense amounted to $71.5 million, $69.8 million and $61.1 million for the fiscal years ended July 28, 2018, July 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

We record liabilities to address uncertain tax positions we have taken in previously filed tax returns or that we expect to take in a future tax return. The determination for required liabilities is based upon an analysis of each individual tax position, taking into consideration whether it is more likely than not that our tax position, based on technical merits, will be sustained upon examination. For those positions for which we conclude it is more likely than not it will be sustained, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the taxing authority. The difference between the amount recognized and the total tax position is recorded as a liability. The ultimate resolution of these tax positions may be greater or less than the liabilities recorded.

Long-Lived Assets

Management reviews long-lived assets, including definite-lived intangible assets, for indicators of impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Cash flows expected to be generated by the related assets are estimated over the assets' useful lives based on updated projections. If the evaluation indicates that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, the potential impairment is measured based on a fair value discounted cash flow model.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

We account for acquired businesses using the purchase method of accounting which requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recorded at the date of the acquisition at their respective estimated fair values. Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. In determining the estimated fair value for intangible assets, we typically utilize the income approach, which discounts the projected future net cash flow using an appropriate discount rate that reflects the risks associated with such projected future cash flow. Refer to Note 2, "Acquisitions", for further detail on the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets related to specific acquisitions.

Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized. Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over the following lives:



Customer relationships		7-20 years
Non-competition agreements		1-10 years
Trademarks and tradenames		4-10 years

Goodwill is assigned to the reporting units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination that generated the goodwill. Approximately 97.2% of the Company's goodwill is within its wholesale reporting segment as of July 28, 2018. The Company is required to test goodwill for impairment at least annually, and between annual tests if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The Company has elected to perform its annual assessment for indications of goodwill impairment as of the first day of the fourth quarter of each fiscal year.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2011-08, Testing Goodwill for Impairment, ("ASU 2011-08") the Company is allowed to perform a qualitative assessment for goodwill impairment unless it believes it is more likely than not that a reporting unit's fair value is less than the carrying value. The thresholds used by the Company for this determination in fiscal 2018 were for any reporting units that (1) have passed their previous quantitative test with a margin of calculated fair value versus carrying value of at least 20%, (2) have had a quantitative test within the past five years, (3) have had no significant changes to their working capital structure, (4) have current year income which is at least 85% of prior year amounts, and (5) present no other factors to be considered as outlined in ASU 2011-08. The Company's reporting units are at or one level below the operating segment level.

In accordance with accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-04, Intangibles, Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, (“ASU- 2017-04”), which the Company early adopted as part of its fiscal 2017 annual goodwill impairment test, the Company is no longer required to perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. Instead, impairment is measured using the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the reporting unit.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company made the decision to close three under-performing stores related to its Earth Origins Market ("Earth Origins") retail business. This decision coupled with the decline in results in the first half of fiscal 2018 and the future outlook as a result of competitive pressure, the Company determined that a goodwill impairment analysis should be performed based on the assertion that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit was below its carrying amount. As a result of the analysis, performed in accordance with ASU 2017-04, the Company recorded a total impairment charge of $7.9 million to goodwill. Refer to Note 5, "Restructuring Activities", for additional information.

The Company performed a qualitative test on its other reporting units as of the first day of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 based on the criteria noted above and determined that a quantitative test was not required.

Intangible assets with indefinite lives are tested for impairment at least annually as of the first day of the fourth fiscal quarter and if events occur or circumstances change that would indicate that the value of the asset may be impaired. Impairment is measured as the difference between the fair value of the asset and its carrying value.

In accordance with ASU No. 2011-08, the Company is allowed to perform a qualitative assessment for indefinite lived intangible assets unless it believes it is more likely than not that an intangible asset's fair value is less than the carrying value. The thresholds used by the Company for this determination as of the first day of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 were for any intangible assets (or groups of assets) that (1) have passed their previous quantitative test with a margin of calculated fair value versus carrying value of at least 20%, (2) have had a quantitative test performed within the past five years, and (3) the component that the asset relates to has current year income which is at least 85% of the immediately preceding fiscal year's amounts. The Company's indefinite lived intangible assets are comprised of its branded product line asset group and a Tony's Fine Foods ("Tony's") tradename. During fiscal 2018, the Company performed its annual qualitative assessment of its indefinite lived intangible assets and based on the criteria noted above, it was determined that a quantitative analysis was required on its Tony's tradename. Based on the results of its quantitative test performed, the Company determined that the carrying value was in excess of its fair value and no impairment existed.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and the amount allocated by reportable segment for the years presented are as follows (in thousands):



	Wholesale			Other			Total
Goodwill as of July 30, 2016	$	348,143		$	18,025		$	366,168
Goodwill from prior fiscal year business combinations	10,102			—			10,102
Contingent consideration for prior year business combinations	(6,093		)	—			(6,093		)
Change in foreign exchange rates	1,082			—			1,082
Goodwill as of July 29, 2017	$	353,234		$	18,025		$	371,259
Impairment	—			(7,872		)	(7,872		)
Goodwill adjustment for prior fiscal year business combinations	220			—			220
Change in foreign exchange rates	(1,112		)	—			(1,112		)
Goodwill as of July 28, 2018	$	352,342		$	10,153		$	362,495

The following table presents the detail of the Company's other intangible assets (in thousands):



	July 28, 2018						July 29, 2017
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Amortizing intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	197,246	$	61,543	$	135,703	$	197,852	$	48,044	$	149,808
Non-compete agreements	2,900		1,914		986		2,900		1,334		1,566
Trademarks and tradenames	1,700		981		719		1,700		548		1,152
Total amortizing intangible assets	201,846		64,438		137,408		202,452		49,926		152,526
Indefinite lived intangible assets:
Trademarks and tradenames	55,801		—		55,801		55,763		—		55,763
Total	$	257,647	$	64,438	$	193,209	$	258,215	$	49,926	$	208,289

Amortization expense was $15.0 million, $15.2 million and $8.9 million for the fiscal years ended July 28, 2018, July 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense for each of the next five fiscal years and thereafter on definite lived intangible assets existing as of July 28, 2018 is shown below:



Fiscal Year:	(In thousands)
2019	$	15,147
2020	14,520
2021	13,622
2022	12,337
2023	12,845
2023 and thereafter	68,937
	$	137,408

Investments

The Company has long term investments in unconsolidated entities which it accounts for using either the cost method or the equity method of accounting. Investments in which the Company cannot exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee are recorded at their historical cost. Investments where the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee are accounted for using the equity method, with income or loss attributable to the Company from the investee adjusting the carrying value of the investment and recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The Company's cost and equity method investments are evaluated for other than temporary impairment in accordance with ASC 320 Investments — Debt and Equity Securities. The carrying values of both cost and equity method investments were not material as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, either individually or in the aggregate, and are included within "Other Assets" in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Income attributable to the Company from investments accounted for using the equity method was not material for the fiscal years ended July 28, 2018, July 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016 and is recorded in “Other, net,” within "Other expense (income)," in the Company's consolidated statements of income.

On May 24, 2017, the Company sold its stake in Kicking Horse Coffee, a Canadian roaster and marketer of organic and fair trade coffee, which was accounted for using the cost method of accounting. As a result of the sale, the Company recognized a pre-tax gain of $6.1 million, which is included in “Other, net” in the consolidated statements of income.

Revenue Recognition and Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company records revenue upon delivery of products. Revenues are recorded net of applicable sales discounts and estimated sales returns. Sales incentives provided to customers are accounted for as reductions in revenue as the related revenue is recorded. The Company's sales are primarily to customers located throughout the United States and Canada.

Whole Foods Market, Inc. was the Company's largest customer in each fiscal year presented. Whole Foods Market, Inc. accounted for approximately 37%, 33% and 35% of the Company's net sales for the fiscal years ended July 28, 2018, July 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016, respectively. There were no other customers that individually generated 10% or more of the Company's net sales during those periods.

Accounts Receivable and Related Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable primarily consist of trade receivables from customers and receivables from suppliers in connection with the purchase or promotion of the suppliers' products. The Company analyzes customer creditworthiness, accounts receivable balances, payment history, payment terms and historical bad debt levels when evaluating the adequacy of its allowance for doubtful accounts. In instances where a reserve has been recorded for a particular customer, future sales to the customer are conducted using either cash-on-delivery terms, or the account is closely monitored so that as agreed upon payments are received, orders are released; a failure to pay results in held or canceled orders.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and certain accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

The following estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Refer to Note 9, "Fair Value Measurements", for additional information regarding the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of notes payable and long-term debt are based on the instruments' interest rate, terms, maturity date and collateral, if any, in comparison to the Company's incremental borrowing rate for similar financial instruments. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company could realize in a current market exchange.



	July 28, 2018				July 29, 2017
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	23,315	$	23,315	$	15,414	$	15,414
Accounts receivable	579,702		579,702		525,636		525,636
Notes receivable	1,930		1,930		2,359		2,359
Liabilities:
Accounts payable	517,125		517,125		534,616		534,616
Notes payable	210,000		210,000		223,612		223,612
Long-term debt, including current portion	150,150		155,317		161,991		169,058

Share-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for its share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Stock Compensation. The Company has four share-based employee compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 3, "Equity Plans". Share-based compensation consists of stock options, restricted stock units and performance units. The grant date closing price per share of the Company's stock is used to estimate the fair value of restricted stock units. Stock options are granted at exercise prices equal to the fair market value of the Company's stock at the dates of grant. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the individual grants. The Company's President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and its other executive officers or members of senior management have been granted performance units which vest, when and if earned, in accordance with the terms of the related performance unit award agreements. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense based on the target number of shares of common stock and the Company’s stock price on the date of grant and subsequently adjusts expense based on actual and forecasted performance compared to planned targets.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adding the dilutive potential common shares to the weighted average number of common shares that were outstanding during the period. For purposes of the diluted earnings per share calculation, outstanding stock options, restricted stock units and performance-based awards, if applicable, are considered common stock equivalents, using the treasury stock method. A reconciliation of the weighted average number of shares outstanding used in the computation of the basic and diluted earnings per share for all periods presented follows:



	Fiscal year ended
	July 28, 2018		July 29, 2017		July 30, 2016
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	50,530		50,570		50,313
Net effect of dilutive common stock equivalents based upon the treasury stock method	307		205		86
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	50,837		50,775		50,399
Potential anti-dilutive share-based payment awards excluded from the computation above	93		44		84

Net income	$	165,670	$	130,155	$	125,766
Basic earnings per share	$	3.28	$	2.57	$	2.50
Diluted earnings per share	$	3.26	$	2.56	$	2.50

Treasury Stock

The Company records the repurchase of shares of common stock at cost based on the settlement date of the transaction. These shares are classified as treasury stock, which is a reduction to stockholders’ equity. Treasury stock is included in authorized and issued shares but excluded from outstanding shares.

On October 6, 2017, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $200.0 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock. The repurchase program is scheduled to expire upon the Company’s repurchase of shares of the Company’s common stock having an aggregate purchase price of $200.0 million. The Company repurchased 614,660 shares of its common stock at an aggregate cost of $24.2 million in the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is reported in accordance with ASU No. 2013-02, and includes net income and the change in other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of the net change in fair value of derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, as well as foreign currency translation related to the translation of UNFI Canada, Inc. ("UNFI Canada") from the functional currency of Canadian dollars to U.S. dollar reporting currency. For all periods presented, the Company displays comprehensive income (loss) and its components in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company is exposed to market risks arising from changes in interest rates, fuel costs, and with the operation of UNFI Canada, foreign currency exchange rates. The Company uses derivatives principally in the management of interest rate and fuel price exposure. From time to time the Company may use contracts to hedge transactions in foreign currency. The Company does not utilize derivatives that contain leverage features. For derivative transactions accounted for as hedges, on the date the Company enters into the derivative transaction, the exposure is identified. The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction. In this documentation, the Company specifically identifies the asset, liability, firm commitment, forecasted transaction, or net investment that has been designated as the hedged item and states how the hedging instrument is expected to reduce the risks related to the hedged item. The Company measures effectiveness of its hedging relationships both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis as needed.

Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs

The Company includes shipping and handling fees billed to customers in net sales. Shipping and handling costs associated with inbound freight are generally recorded in cost of sales, whereas shipping and handling costs for selecting, quality assurance, and outbound transportation are recorded in operating expenses. Outbound shipping and handling costs totaled $582.9 million, $517.2 million and $467.5 million for the fiscal years ended July 28, 2018, July 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016, respectively.

Reserves for Self-Insurance

The Company is primarily self-insured for workers' compensation and general and automobile liability insurance. It is the Company's policy to record the self-insured portion of workers' compensation and automobile liabilities based upon actuarial methods to estimate the future cost of claims and related expenses that have been reported but not settled, and that have been incurred but not yet reported.

Operating Lease Expenses

The Company records lease expense via the straight-line method. For leases with step rent provisions whereby the rental payments increase over the life of the lease, and for leases where the Company receives rent-free periods, the Company recognizes expense based on a straight-line basis based on the total minimum lease payments to be made over the expected lease term.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which more closely aligns the accounting for employee and nonemployee shared-based payments. This ASU is effective for public business entities for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, which for the Company will be the first quarter of the fiscal year ending August 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe this guidance will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. This ASU is effective for all entities for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, which for the Company will be the first quarter of the fiscal year ending August 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently reviewing the provisions of the new standard and evaluating its impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In December 2017, the United States ("U.S.") government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “TCJA”). The Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC ") staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act ("SAB 118"), which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the TCJA. Refer to Note 12, "Income Taxes", for disclosure regarding the Company’s implementation of SAB 118.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which changes the recognition and presentation requirements of hedge accounting, including eliminating the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and presenting all items that affect earnings in the same income statement line item as the hedged item. The ASU also provides new alternatives for applying hedge accounting to additional hedging strategies, measuring the hedged item in fair value hedges of interest rate risk, reducing the cost and complexity of applying hedge accounting by easing the requirements for effectiveness testing, hedge documentation and application of the critical terms match method and reducing the risk of a material error correction if a company applies the shortcut method inappropriately. This ASU is effective for public companies in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted the guidance in this ASU in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, with no impact to its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The Company’s hedging activities, which consist of its interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges, are described in further detail in Note 9. "Fair Value Measurements".

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles, Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This ASU no longer requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. Instead, impairment is measured using the difference between the carrying amount and fair value of the reporting unit. The ASU is effective for public companies with interim periods and fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, which for the Company is the first quarter of the fiscal year ending July 31, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted this ASU in connection with its annual goodwill impairment test performed in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. Refer to "(i) Goodwill and Intangible Assets" in this note for further information.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory ("ASU 2016-16"), which requires the recognition of the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. This ASU is required for public companies with interim periods and fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 which for the Company will be the first quarter of the fiscal year ending August 3, 2019. The Company does not believe this guidance will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, to address eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. The eight specific issues are (1) Debt Prepayment or Debt Extinguishment Costs; (2) Settlement of Zero-Coupon Debt Instruments or Other Debt Instruments with Coupon Interest Rates That Are Insignificant in Relation to the Effective Interest Rate of the Borrowing; (3) Contingent Consideration Payments Made after a Businesses Combination; (4) Proceeds from the Settlement of Insurance Claims; (5) Proceeds from the Settlement of Corporate-Owned Life Insurance Policies, including Bank-Owned Life Insurance Policies; (6) Distributions Received from Equity Method Investees; (7) Beneficial Interests in Securitization Transactions; and (8) Separately Identifiable Cash and Application of the Predominance Principle. The ASU is effective for public companies with interim and fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, which for the Company will be the first quarter of the fiscal year ending August 1, 2020. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which is intended to improve the accounting for share-based payment transactions as part of the FASB's simplification initiative. This ASU has changed aspects of accounting for share-based payment award transactions including accounting for income taxes, the classification of excess tax benefits and the classification of employee taxes paid when shares are withheld for tax-withholding purposes on the consolidated statement of cash flows, forfeitures, and minimum statutory tax withholding requirements. The Company adopted the new standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. Accordingly, the Company accounts for excess tax benefits or tax deficiencies related to share-based payments in its provision for income taxes as opposed to additional paid-in capital. The Company recognized an income tax expense related to tax deficiencies for share-based payments for the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018 of $1.1 million. For fiscal 2017 and 2016, the result would have increased income tax expense by $1.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively. In addition, the Company elected to account for forfeitures as they occur and recorded a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings and additional paid-in capital as of July 30, 2017, the first day of fiscal 2018, of approximately $0.8 million and $1.3 million, respectively.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842). The objective of this ASU is to establish the principles that lessees and lessors shall apply to report useful information to users of financial statements about the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from a lease. Lessees are permitted to make an accounting policy election to not recognize the asset and liability for leases with a term of twelve months or less. In addition, this ASU expands the disclosure requirements of lease arrangements. This ASU will require the Company to recognize most current operating lease obligations as right-of-use assets with a corresponding liability based on the present value of future operating leases, which the Company believes will result in a significant impact to its consolidated balance sheets. Information about the amounts and timing of our undiscounted future lease payments can be found in Note 10. "Commitments and Contingencies" in these consolidated financial statements. Lessees and lessors will use a modified retrospective transition approach, which includes a number of practical expedients. The ASU is effective for public companies with interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, which for the Company will be the first quarter of the fiscal year ending August 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects to adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and has begun an initial assessment plan to determine the impacts of this ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and any necessary changes to our systems, accounting policies, and processes and controls.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which requires entities with a classified balance sheet to present all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent. The new pronouncement is effective for public companies with annual periods, and interim periods within those periods, beginning after December 15, 2016, which for the Company was the first quarter of the fiscal 2018. Early adoption at the beginning of an interim or annual period is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance on a prospective basis in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 and it resulted in a reclassification from current deferred income tax assets to noncurrent deferred income tax liabilities of $40.6 million. All future adjustments will be reported as noncurrent.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, (Topic 606), which has been updated by multiple amending ASUs and supersedes existing revenue recognition requirements. The core principle of the new guidance is that an entity will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additionally, the ASU requires new, enhanced quantitative and qualitative disclosures related to the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The collective guidance is effective for public companies with annual periods, and interim periods within those periods, beginning after December 15, 2017, which for the Company will be the first quarter of the fiscal year ending August 3, 2019. The new standard permits either of the following adoption methods: (i) a full retrospective application with restatement of each period presented in the financial statements with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a retrospective application with the cumulative effect of adopting the guidance recognized as of the date of initial application (“modified retrospective method”).

The Company completed its assessment of the new standard in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, and has adopted this new guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 using the modified retrospective method, with no significant financial statement impact. The Company’s assessment work consisted of scoping of revenue streams, reviewing contracts with customers, and documenting the accounting analysis and conclusions of the impacts of the ASU on the Company’s wholesale distribution and other segments. The primary impact of adopting the new standard, contained within the wholesale distribution segment, is related to the sale of certain private label products for which revenue will be recognized over time under the new standard as opposed to at a point in time under the Company’s current policies. The effect of adopting this change resulted in an immaterial increase to Retained earnings, which was recorded in first quarter of fiscal 2019. Beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019, the Company will comply with enhanced revenue disclosure requirements, which will include expanded disclosure of relevant information about contracts with customers, disaggregated revenue, information on contract assets and liabilities, as well as other items requiring significant judgment and estimates used to recognize revenue.