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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, income tax expense was $2,749 and $5,159, respectively. Income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, was $4,578 and $9,226, respectively. The effective consolidated income tax rates were 13% and 15% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 11% and 16% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The lower effective rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, were primarily due to flow-through tax benefits.
SJW Group had unrecognized tax benefits, before the impact of deductions of state taxes, excluding interest and penalties of approximately $7,537 and $6,468 as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. SJW Group does not expect its unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly within the next 12 months.
On March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act (the “Act”) was signed into law. SJW Group has considered the income tax implications of the Act in its estimated tax provision and does not believe it will materially impact the company’s year-end tax rate.