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Benefit Plans
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Benefit Plans Benefit Plans
SJW Group maintains noncontributory defined benefit pension plans for its eligible employees. SJWC and CTWS employees hired before March 31, 2008, and January 1, 2009, respectively, are entitled to benefits under the pension plans based on the employee’s years of service and compensation. For SJWC employees hired on or after March 31, 2008, benefits are determined using a cash balance formula based upon compensation credits and interest credits for each employee. Starting in 2023, TWC employees are also eligible to participate under SJWC’s cash balance plan. Certain CTWS employees hired before March 1, 2012, and covered by a plan merged into the CTWS plan in 2013 are also entitled to benefits based on the employee’s years of service and compensation. CTWS employees hired on or after January 1, 2009, are entitled to an additional 1.5% of eligible compensation to their company sponsored savings plan.
In addition, senior management hired before March 31, 2008 for SJWC and January 1, 2009 for CTWS, are eligible to receive additional retirement benefits under supplemental executive retirement plans and retirement contracts. SJWC’s senior management hired on or after March 31, 2008, are eligible to receive additional retirement benefits under SJWC’s Cash Balance Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan. The supplemental retirement plans and Cash Balance Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan are non-qualified plans in which only senior management and other designated members of management may participate. SJW Group also provides health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees under employer-sponsored postretirement benefits that are not pension plans.
The components of net periodic benefit costs for the defined benefit plans and other postretirement benefits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
 Pension BenefitsOther Benefits
Three months ended September 30,
 2023202220232022
Service cost$1,892 2,397 $160 255 
Interest cost3,557 2,642 317 218 
Expected return on assets(3,442)(4,823)(217)(221)
Unrecognized actuarial loss554 1,257 (87)(75)
Amortization of prior service cost4 4 — — 
Total$2,565 1,477 $173 177 

 Pension BenefitsOther Benefits
Nine months ended September 30,
 2023202220232022
Service cost$5,676 7,191 $480 765 
Interest cost10,672 7,925 951 656 
Expected return on assets(11,580)(14,469)(651)(663)
Unrecognized actuarial loss1,662 3,772 (263)(226)
Amortization of prior service cost11 12 — — 
Total$6,441 4,431 $517 532 
In 2023, SJW Group expects to make required and discretionary cash contributions of up to $8,653 to the pension plans and other postretirement benefits. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, SJW Group has made $3,567 and $7,627, respectively, of contributions to such plans.