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Long-Term Debt
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Long-Term Debt Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt as of December 31 was as follows:
DescriptionRateMaturity20252024
H2O America Senior notes (a)
2.47% - 3.53%
2029 - 2039$560,000 560,000 
SJWC:
Senior notes (a)
3.00% - 7.20%
2026 - 2055
560,000 505,000 
California Pollution Control Financing Authority Revenue Bond
4.75%
204670,000 70,000 
Total SJWC630,000 575,000 
CTWS bank term loans
4.09%, 4.15%
2027, 203712,212 14,389 
CWC:
Connecticut Innovations Revenue Bonds, variable rate2028 - 202922,050 22,050 
Senior notes (a)
3.07% - 6.46%
2037 - 2055
330,000 270,000 
State revolving fund loans2.00%2044308 327 
Bank term loans
4.04% - 4.75%
2028 - 203696,295 96,295 
Total CWC448,653 388,672 
TWC:
Senior note (a)6.27%203615,000 15,000 
Bank term loans
4.01% - 6.68%
2041 - 2055
105,000 65,000 
  Seller financing debt(b)205329,000 29,000 
Total TWC149,000 109,000 
MWC:
State revolving fund loans
0.00% - 2.23%
2026 - 2054
16,336 12,763 
Bank term loans
3.89% - 6.47%
2026 - 2055
85,000 60,000 
Total MWC101,336 72,763 
Total debt1,901,201 1,719,824 
Unamortized debt premium and discount, net
(1,644)(56)
Unamortized debt issuance costs(9,234)(9,216)
Current portion(23,504)(3,648)
Total long-term debt, less current portion$1,866,819 1,706,904 
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(a)Senior notes held by institutional investors are unsecured obligations of H2O America, SJWC, CWC, TWC and MWC and require interest-only payments until maturity. To minimize issuance costs, the companies’ debt has primarily been placed privately.
(b)Debt does not contain a stated interest rate but is discounted using an effective rate of 5.61%.
The following is a table of the consolidated company’s schedule of principal payments:
Year
2026$23,950 
20273,207 
202844,699 
2029325,624 
203053,201 
Thereafter1,450,520 
The estimated fair value of long-term debt as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $1,716,589 and $1,490,024, respectively, and was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis, based on the current rates for similar financial instruments of the
same duration and creditworthiness of the company. As of December 31, 2025, $1,715,635 of the total fair value of long-term debt would be categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, and $954 would be categorized as Level 3. As of December 31, 2024, $1,473,393 of the total fair value of long-term debt was categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, and $16,631 was categorized as Level 3.
SJWC
On July 31, 2024, SJWC entered into and closed a note purchase agreement with certain institutional investors, pursuant to which the company sold an aggregate principal amount of $75,000 of its 5.63% Senior Notes, Series Q (“Series Q Notes”). The Series Q Notes are unsecured obligations of SJWC and are due on July 31, 2054. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 31st and July 31st of each year.
On November 12, 2025, SJWC entered into a note purchase agreement with certain institutional investors, pursuant to which the company sold an aggregate principal amount of $55,000 of its 5.83% Senior Notes, Series R (“Series R Notes”). The Series R Notes are unsecured obligations of SJWC and are due on November 1, 2055. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 1st and November 1st of each year, commencing May 1, 2026.
CWC
On July 31, 2024, CWC entered into a note purchase agreement with certain institutional investors, pursuant to which the company sold an aggregate principal amount of $50,000 of its 5.78% Senior Notes, Series 2024 (“Series 2024 Notes”). The Series 2024 Notes are unsecured obligations of CWC and are due on July 31, 2054. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 31st and July 31st of each year. The closing of the notes purchase agreement occurred in August 2024.
On October 28, 2025, CWC entered into a note purchase agreement with certain institutional investors, pursuant to which the company agreed to sell an aggregate principal amount of $60,000 of its 6.08% Senior Notes, Series 2025 (“Series 2025 Notes”). The Series 2025 Notes are unsecured obligations of CWC and are due on November 1, 2055. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 1st and November 1st of each year, commencing May 1, 2026.
TWC and TWR
In August 2023, TWR closed on an asset acquisition that included an obligation for a post-closing production payment of $29,000 to the seller over a period of up to 29 years. The repayment schedule is based on the quantity of groundwater produced from the acquired wells, subject to certain provisions in the purchase agreement. The difference between the gross obligation of $29,000 and the fair value at the date of acquisition is reflected as a debt discount and is being amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the life of the obligation. During the third quarter of 2024, TWC assumed the obligation in connection with an asset purchase agreement pursuant to which TWC acquired all of the net assets of TWR.
On December 6, 2024, TWC issued a promissory note to CoBank under an existing master loan agreement for a principal amount of $20,000 at a fixed interest rate of 6.47%. This note is an unsecured obligation of TWC due on November 20, 2054. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears on the 20th day of January, April, July and October of each year. In January 2025, TWC amended the existing master loan agreement to modify one of the financial covenants. All of the other terms and conditions remain the same.
On September 18, 2025, TWC issued a promissory note to a CoBank under an existing master loan agreement for a principal amount of $40,000 at a fixed interest rate of 6.68%. This note is an unsecured obligation of TWC due on September 1, 2055. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears on the 20th day of January, April, July and October of each year.
MWC
MWC finances a portion of its capital improvement program through loans under state revolving fund programs, including the Safe Drinking Water Revolving Fund (“SDWSRF”). In 2024, MWC obtained MPUC approval to issue two First Mortgage Bonds through the Maine Municipal Bond Bank. The Series X Bond totaled $3,330, inclusive of $598 of principal forgiveness, resulting in a net loan of $2,732; the issuance was approved on August 22, 2024 and completed on October 1, 2024. The Series Y Bond totaled $3,596, inclusive of $1,258 of principal forgiveness, resulting in a net loan of $2,337; the issuance was approved on August 22, 2024 and completed on November 1, 2024. Each bond constitutes an unsecured obligation of MWC, with the Series X Bond maturing on April 1, 2044 and the Series Y Bond maturing on April 1, 2054, and each bears a fixed interest rate of 1%. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1, commencing April 1, 2025.
On December 6, 2024, MWC issued a promissory note to CoBank under an existing master loan agreement for a principal amount of $15,000 at a fixed interest rate of 6.47%. This note is an unsecured obligation of MWC due on November 20, 2054. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears on the 20th day of January, April, July and October of each year.
On May 23, 2025, MWC submitted an application with the MPUC seeking approval to issue unsecured notes in an amount up to $25,000. The MPUC granted approval on June 17, 2025. On July 10, 2025, MWC issued a promissory note to CoBank under
an existing master loan agreement for a principal amount of $25,000 at a fixed interest rate of 6.70%. The note is an unsecured obligation of MWC due on July 20, 2055. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears on the 20th day of January, April, July and October of each year.
Financial Covenants
The debt and credit agreements of H2O America and its subsidiaries contain various financial and other covenants. Non-compliance with these covenants could result in accelerated due dates and termination of the agreements. In addition, the credit agreements contain customary representations and warranties and are subject to customary events of default, which may result in outstanding notes becoming immediately due and payable. As of December 31, 2025, H2O America and its subsidiaries were in compliance with all covenants related to its long-term debt agreements.