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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, there have been no changes to our significant accounting policies as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, except as described below under “Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements.” Segment Information The Company operates as a single operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, its Chief Executive Officer, manages the Company’s operations on a consolidated basis for the purposes of allocating resources, making operating decisions and evaluating financial performance. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company determines the fair value of an asset or liability based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The identification of market participant assumptions provides a basis for determining what inputs are to be used for pricing each asset or liability. A fair value hierarchy has been established which gives precedence to fair value measurements calculated using observable inputs over those using unobservable inputs. This hierarchy prioritized the inputs into three broad levels as follows: Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments Level 2: Other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments) Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs (including assumptions in determining the fair value of certain investments) Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of money market funds and cash. Money market funds are highly liquid investments which are actively traded and are comprised of United States government securities. The pricing information for the Company’s money market funds is readily available and can be independently validated as of the measurement date. This approach results in the classification of these securities as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 for any of the periods presented. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company held $324.7 million and $398.5 million in money market funds, respectively, with no unrealized gains or losses. Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception by assessing whether the arrangement contains an identified asset and whether it has the right to control the identified asset. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of future lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets are based on the measurement of the lease liability and also include any lease payments made prior to or on lease commencement and exclude lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred, as applicable. As the implicit rate in the Company’s leases is generally unknown, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of future lease payments. The Company gives consideration to its credit risk, term of the lease and total lease payments and adjusts for the impacts of collateral, as necessary, when calculating its incremental borrowing rates. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when the Company is reasonably certain it will exercise such options. Lease costs for the Company’s operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis within operating expenses and costs of goods sold over the reasonably assured lease term. The Company has elected to not separate lease and non-lease components for any leases within its existing classes of assets and, as a result, accounts for any lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. The Company has also elected to not apply the recognition requirement to any leases within its existing classes of assets with a term of 12 months or less. Internal-Use Software The Company capitalizes costs incurred to develop internal-use software within fixed assets and commencing from the first quarter of 2020, began capitalizing costs to develop hosting arrangements within other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Costs incurred during the preliminary planning and evaluation and post implementation stages of the project are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred during the application development stage of the project are capitalized. These costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. If indicators of impairment exist and the undiscounted future cash flows that the assets are expected to generate are less than the carrying value of the assets, the Company reduces the carrying amount of the assets to their estimated fair values based on a discounted cash flow approach or, when available and appropriate, to comparable market values. There were no impairment losses recorded for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. Revenue Recognition Commencing on January 1, 2019, the Company recognized revenues in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company generates revenue from sales of products and services. The Company’s products consist of instruments and consumables. The Company began shipping its Chromium Connect instrument during the first quarter of 2020. The Company recognizes revenue when control of the products and services is transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive from its customers in exchange for those products and services. This process involves identifying the contract with a customer, determining the performance obligations in the contract, determining the contract price, allocating the contract price to the distinct performance obligations in the contract and recognizing revenue when the performance obligations have been satisfied. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and is separately identified in the contract. The Company considers a performance obligation satisfied once it has transferred control of a good or service to the customer, meaning the customer has the ability to use and obtain the benefit of the good or service. Revenue from product sales is recognized when control of the product is transferred, which is generally upon shipment to the customer. In instances where right of payment or transfer of title is contingent upon the customer’s acceptance of the product, revenue is deferred until all acceptance criteria have been met. Instrument service agreements, which relate to extended warranties, are typically entered into for one-year terms, following the expiration of the standard one-year warranty period. Revenue for extended warranties is recognized ratably over the term of the extended warranty period as a stand ready performance obligation. Revenue is recorded net of discounts, distributor commissions and sales taxes collected on behalf of governmental authorities. Customers are invoiced generally upon shipment, or upon order for services, and payment is typically due within 45 days. Cash received from customers in advance of product shipment or providing services is recorded as a contract liability. The Company’s contracts with its customers generally do not include rights of return or a significant financing component. The Company regularly enters into contracts that include various combinations of products and services which are generally distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation in proportion to its standalone selling price. The Company determines standalone selling price using average selling prices with consideration of current market conditions. If the product or service has no history of sales or if the sales volume is not sufficient, the Company relies upon prices set by management, adjusted for applicable discounts. Stock-Based Compensation The Company’s stock-based compensation relates to stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and stock purchase rights under an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). Stock-based compensation expense for its stock-based awards are based on their grant date fair value. The Company determines the fair value of RSUs based on the closing value of its stock price listed on Nasdaq at the date of the grant. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option awards granted to employees and directors on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of stock option awards is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in which the awards are expected to vest and forfeitures are recognized as they occur. Stock option awards that include a service condition and a performance condition are considered expected to vest when the performance condition is probable of being met. The Black-Scholes model considers several variables and assumptions in estimating the fair value of stock-based awards. These variables include the per share fair value of the underlying common stock, exercise price, expected term, risk-free interest rate, expected annual dividend yield and the expected stock price volatility over the expected term. For all stock options granted, the Company calculated the expected term using the simplified method for “plain vanilla” stock option awards. The Company had no publicly available stock price information prior to its IPO and limited publicly available stock price information subsequent to its IPO and therefore, the Company has used the historical volatility of the stock price of similar publicly traded peer companies. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues similar in duration to the expected term of the equity-settled award. Stock-based compensation expense for nonemployee stock options is measured based on fair market value using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and is recorded as the options vest. Prior to January 1, 2019, nonemployee stock options subject to vesting were revalued periodically over the requisite service period, which was generally the same as the vesting term of the award. From January 1, 2019, the grant date fair market value of nonemployee stock options is recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period and forfeitures are recognized as they occur. Net Loss Per Share Net loss per share is computed using the two-class method required for multiple classes of common stock and participating securities. The rights, including the liquidation and dividend rights and sharing of losses, of the Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, other than voting rights. As the liquidation and dividend rights and sharing of losses are identical, the undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportionate basis and the resulting net loss per share will, therefore, be the same for both Class A and Class B common stock on an individual or combined basis. The Company’s participating securities included the Company’s convertible preferred stock, as the holders would have been entitled to receive noncumulative dividends on a pari passu basis in the event that a dividend was paid on common stock. The Company also considers any shares issued on the early exercise of stock options subject to repurchase to be participating securities because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event a dividend is paid on common stock. The holders of convertible preferred stock, as well as the holders of early exercised shares subject to repurchase, do not have a contractual obligation to share in losses. Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, adjusted for outstanding shares that are subject to repurchase. For the calculation of diluted net loss per share, basic net loss per share is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities, including convertible preferred stock, awards under the Company’s equity compensation plan and common stock warrants. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding. For periods in which the Company reports net losses, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share because potentially dilutive shares of common stock are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842). This standard requires substantially all leases to be recognized by lessees on their balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability, including leases currently accounted for as operating leases. On January 1, 2020, the Company early adopted Topic 842 using the optional transition method by recognizing a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit as of that date. Results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 are presented under the guidance in Topic 842. No prior period amounts were adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with previous lease guidance, ASC Topic 840 – Leases. The Company elected the practical expedients to not reassess its prior conclusions about lease identification under the new standard, to not reassess lease classification and to not reassess initial direct costs. Adoption of Topic 842 resulted in the recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $38.0 million and $53.8 million, respectively, on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2020. The adoption of the new standard did not have an impact on the Company’s beginning accumulated deficit, statement of operations or cash flows. The following table summarizes the impact of Topic 842 on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2020 (in thousands):
| December 31, 2019 |  | Adjustments due to the adoption of Topic 842 |  | January 1, 2020
Assets: |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,005 |  |  | $ | 38,005 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 8,033 |  |  | (434) |  |  | 7,599 |
Total assets | $ | 8,033 |  |  | $ | 37,571 |  |  | $ | 45,604 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 24,448 |  |  | $ | (99) |  |  | $ | 24,349 |
Operating lease liabilities | — |  |  | 3,086 |  |  | 3,086 |
Deferred rent, noncurrent | 16,120 |  |  | (16,120) |  |  | — |
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent | — |  |  | 50,704 |  |  | 50,704 |
Total liabilities | $ | 40,568 |  |  | $ | 37,571 |  |  | $ | 78,139 |
The adjustments due to the adoption of Topic 842 related to the recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities for the Company’s existing operating leases. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (Topic 326), which requires financial assets measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected and provides that credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities and accounts receivable should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. The guidance was amended through various ASUs subsequent to ASU 2016-13. The Company calculates the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of the trade accounts receivable balance based on collection history and current economic trends that we expect will impact the level of credit losses over the life of our receivables. The allowance is re-evaluated on a regular basis and adjusted, as required. Trade accounts receivable are considered past due based on the contractual payment terms. Once a trade account receivable is deemed uncollectible, it is charged against this allowance. The Company early adopted this standard on a modified retrospective basis effective January 1, 2020. The adoption did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-8, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which expands the scope of ASC Topic 718 to provide guidance for share-based payment awards granted to a customer in conjunction with selling goods or services accounted for under Topic 606. The Company early adopted this standard on January 1, 2020, which did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) – Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract, which aligns the accounting for implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the accounting for implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software under ASC 350-40, in order to determine which costs to capitalize and recognize as an asset and which costs to expense. The Company early adopted this standard on a prospective basis effective January 1, 2020. As a result of the adoption of this standard, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company capitalized $1.3 million and $2.7 million, respectively, of implementation costs for enterprise resource planning and related software. These costs are recorded within other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes, primarily by eliminating certain exceptions to ASC 740. This standard is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating this standard and the impact it may have on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

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