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Collaboration and Licensing Arrangements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Collaboration and Licensing Arrangements | 8. Collaboration and Licensing Arrangements Revenue from collaborations and services for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows (in thousands):
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
UT License Agreement |  | $ | 31,229 |  |  | $ | 6,386 |
UT Research Agreement |  |  | 6,032 |  |  |  | 3,758 |
Receptor CLA |  |  | 250 |  |  |  | 341 |
Cipla distribution agreement |  |  | 148 |  |  |  | 98 |
Biomm distribution agreement |  |  | 75 |  |  |  | — |
Total revenue from collaborations and services |  | $ | 37,734 |  |  | $ | 10,583 |
United Therapeutics License Agreement – In September 2018, the Company and United Therapeutics Corporation (“United Therapeutics” or “UT”) entered into an exclusive global license and collaboration agreement (the “UT License Agreement”) for the rights to the Company’s dry powder formulation of treprostinil (“TreT”) and associated inhalation delivery devices. Under the UT License Agreement, UT is responsible for global development, regulatory and commercial activities with respect to TreT. The Company is responsible for manufacturing clinical supplies and commercial supplies of TreT. Under the terms of the UT License Agreement, the Company received an upfront payment of $45.0 million in October 2018 and two $12.5 million milestone payments in 2019. The Company may receive additional milestone payments of up to $25.0 million upon the achievement of specified development targets. The Company will also be entitled to receive low double-digit royalties on net sales of TreT. UT, at its option, may expand the scope of the products covered by the UT License Agreement to include products with certain other active ingredients for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Each such optioned product would be subject to UT’s payment to the Company of up to $40.0 million in additional option exercise and development milestone payments, as well as a low double-digit royalty on net sales of any such product. The Company recognizes revenue on a ratable basis from October 2018 through December 2021 — the estimated date when its performance obligations for development activities under the UT License Agreement will be substantially completed. At the inception of the agreement, the Company identified one distinct performance obligation. The Company determined that the key deliverables include the license, supply of product to be used in clinical development, and certain research services upon achievement of specified development targets. Due to the specialized and unique nature of these services and their direct relationship with the license, the Company has determined that these deliverables represent one distinct bundle and thus, one performance obligation. The Company also determined that UT’s option to expand the scope of the products to include products with other active ingredients is not a material right, and thus, not a performance obligation at the onset of the agreement. The consideration for the option will be accounted for upon exercise of the option. The Company expects to complete the activities specified in the development plan and to achieve the remaining milestone events for total consideration of approximately $101.4 million, which includes an upfront payment, four milestone payments and various pass-through costs. Future commercial supply remains at UT’s option and is valued at a stand-alone selling price and, therefore, is not accounted for under the current arrangement. The Company believes that this method best reflects the measure of progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. Deferred revenue related to the UT License Agreement is being recognized in net revenue – collaborations over a 13-quarter period ending December 31, 2021, which represents the estimated period to satisfy the performance obligation. As of December 31, 2019, the total deferred revenue for the UT License Agreement consisted of $38.4 million, of which $31.9 million is current and $6.5 million is long term. Deferred revenue is classified as part of current or long-term liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets based on the Company’s estimate of the portion of the performance obligation that will be completed within the next 12 months, and includes payments received as well as payments receivable. United Therapeutics Research Agreement – In September 2018, the Company and UT also entered into a research agreement (“UT Research Agreement”) for the conduct of research and consulting services in connection with multiple potential products, including evaluating the feasibility of preparing a dry powder formulation of a compound for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension outside the scope of the UT License Agreement. In addition, UT, at its option, may obtain a license to develop, manufacture and commercialize products based on specified compounds within the drug classes covered by the UT Research Agreement. Each specified compound advanced into development and commercialization under such a license would be subject to the payment to the Company of additional milestone payments of up to $30.0 million and a low double-digit royalty on net sales of such products. The Company received an upfront payment of $10.0 million in September 2018. At the inception of the UT Research Agreement, the Company identified two distinct performance obligations. The Company determined that the key deliverables of each performance obligation include (i) the development of a product prototype (including a technical feasibility report) and (ii) engineering consulting services. Due to the separately identifiable nature of these obligations, the Company has determined that these deliverables represent two distinct performance obligations. The Company also determined that UT’s option to expand the scope to include specific drug classes covered by the agreement is not a material right, and thus, not a performance obligation at the onset of the agreement. The consideration for the option will be accounted for upon exercise of the option. The Company allocated the total $10.0 million transaction price to its two distinct performance obligations based on available observable market inputs. A transaction price of $9.0 million was allocated to the product prototype and a transaction price of $1.0 million was allocated to engineering consulting services. The revenue for the product prototype is recognized using an output method (based on project milestones achieved and surveys of performance completed to date). The Company believes that this method best reflects the measure of progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. The revenue for the engineering consulting services was recognized using a ratable method until the obligation was satisfied. The Company believes that this method best reflects the measure of progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. As of December 31, 2019, the deferred revenue balance was $0.2 million, which was classified as a current liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Receptor Collaboration and License Agreement — In 2016, the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement (the “CLA”) with Receptor Life Sciences, Inc. (“Receptor”) pursuant to which Receptor acquired an exclusive license to develop, manufacture and commercialize products that use the Company’s technology to deliver certain compounds via oral inhalation in exchange for upfront license fees, milestone payments upon the completion of certain technology transfer activities and the achievement of specified sales targets as well as royalties upon Receptor’s and its sublicensees’ sale of products. A $1.0 million license fee received in 2016 was recorded in deferred revenue from collaborations as of December 31, 2016 and is being recognized in net revenue — collaborations over four years, the estimated period over which the Company is required to satisfy the remaining performance obligations. The remaining performance obligations are to provide certain technology transfer activities. As of December 31, 2019, the deferred revenue balance was $0.3 million, which was classified as a current liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The additional payments referred to above represent variable consideration for which the Company has not recognized any revenue because it is uncertain that Receptor will be able to successfully develop, manufacture or sell product related to this license. There was no change to the accounting for this contract as a result of the initial application of the new revenue guidance since (i) the receipt of such payments is highly susceptible to factors outside of the Company’s influence, (ii) the uncertainty regarding the receipt of these payments is not expected to be resolved for years, and (iii) the Company has limited experience with similar contracts. See Note 1 – Description of Business and Note 2 –Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information on the Company’s revenue recognition accounting policy. In 2017, the Company entered into a manufacturing and supply agreement with Receptor pursuant to which the Company agreed to provide certain raw materials and certain additional research and formulation consulting services to Receptor. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the additional research and formulation services provided to Receptor were de minimis. Biomm Supply and Distribution Agreement – In May 2017, the Company and Biomm entered into a supply and distribution agreement for the commercialization of Afrezza in Brazil. Under this agreement, Biomm was responsible for pursuing regulatory approvals of Afrezza in Brazil, including from the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (“ANVISA”) and, with respect to pricing matters, from the Camara de Regulação de Mercado de Medicamentos (“CMED”), both of which have now been received. In September 2019, the Company delivered its first shipment of Afrezza to Biomm and recognized $0.7 million as commercial product sales in advance of the launch of the product in Brazil. Biomm commenced product sales in January 2020. Cipla License and Distribution Agreement — In May 2018, the Company and Cipla Ltd. (“Cipla”) entered into an exclusive agreement for the marketing and distribution of Afrezza in India and the Company received a $2.2 million nonrefundable license fee. Under the terms of the agreement, Cipla will be responsible for obtaining regulatory approvals to distribute Afrezza in India and for all marketing and sales activities of Afrezza in India. The Company is responsible for supplying Afrezza to Cipla. The Company has the potential to receive certain additional regulatory milestone payments, minimum purchase commitment revenue and royalties on Afrezza sales in India once cumulative gross sales have reached a specified threshold. The nonrefundable licensing fee was recorded in deferred revenue and is being recognized in net revenue – collaborations over 15 years, representing the estimated period to satisfy the performance obligation. The additional milestone payments represent variable consideration for which the Company has not recognized any revenue because of the uncertainty of obtaining marketing approval. The Company also recognized $0.2 million as income tax expense for a payment made to the India tax authority in 2018. As of December 31, 2019, the deferred revenue balance was $1.9 million, of which $0.1 million is classified as current and $1.8 million is classified as long term in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. AMSL Distribution Agreement – In May 2019, the Company entered into an exclusive marketing and distribution agreement with the AMSL Diabetes division of Australasian Medical & Scientific Ltd. (“AMSL Diabetes”) for the commercialization of Afrezza in Australia. Under the terms of this agreement, AMSL Diabetes is responsible for obtaining regulatory and reimbursement approvals to distribute Afrezza in Australia. Upon regulatory approval, AMSL Diabetes will conduct sales, marketing, and customer support and distribution activities whereas the Company will be responsible for the supply and manufacturing of Afrezza.

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