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Fair Value of Financial Instruments | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | 10. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The availability of observable inputs can vary among the various types of financial assets and liabilities. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for financial statement disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the overall fair value measurement. The Company uses the exit price method for estimating the fair value of loans for disclosure purposes. Inputs used in the valuation techniques to derive fair values are classified based on a three-level hierarchy, as follows: Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable. Level 3 — Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable. The carrying amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements for cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other current liabilities (excluding the Milestone Rights liability) approximate their fair value due to their relatively short maturities. The fair value of the senior convertible notes, Milestone Rights liability, Financing liability and Liability for sale of future royalties are disclosed below. Financial Liabilities — The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments (Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy) (in millions):
|  | June 30, 2025 |
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value |
|  | Carrying Value |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior convertible notes(1) |  | $ | 36.2 |  |  | $ | 36.0 |
Milestone rights(2) |  |  | 2.5 |  |  |  | 16.5 |
Financing liability(3) |  |  | 103.7 |  |  |  | 116.8 |
Liability for sale of future royalties(4) |  |  | 150.6 |  |  |  | 157.8 |
_________________________ (1) Fair value was determined by applying a discounted cash flow analysis to the straight note with a hypothetical yield of 7.0%, volatility of 36.8% and a Monte Carlo simulation for the value of the conversion feature. A change in yield of + or – 2% would result in a fair value of $35.6 million and $36.5 million, respectively. (2) Fair value was determined by applying a Monte Carlo simulation method for the calculation of the potential payment and the Geometric Brownian Motion forecasting model to estimate the underlying revenue. Market based inputs and other Level 3 inputs were used to forecast future revenue. The key inputs used included a risk-free rate of 3.9%, dividend yield of 0%, volatility of 45.0%, period of 6.5 years and credit risk of 11%. (3) Fair value was determined by applying a discounted cash flow analysis with a hypothetical yield of 8.0%. A change in yield of + or – 2% would result in a fair value of $102.8 million and $133.9 million, respectively. (4) Fair value was determined by applying a discounted cash flow analysis with a hypothetical yield of 9.0%. A change in yield of + or – 2% would result in a fair value of $139.5 million and $180.4 million, respectively.
|  | December 31, 2024 |
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value |
|  | Carrying Value |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior convertible notes(1) |  | $ | 36.1 |  |  | $ | 46.9 |
Milestone rights(2) |  |  | 3.2 |  |  |  | 19.2 |
Financing liability(3) |  |  | 103.9 |  |  |  | 117.4 |
Liability for sale of future royalties(4) |  |  | 149.6 |  |  |  | 156.7 |
_________________________ (1) Fair value was determined by applying a discounted cash flow analysis to the straight note with a hypothetical yield of 7.5%, volatility of 49.5% and a Monte Carlo simulation for the value of the conversion feature. A change in yield of + or – 2% would result in a fair value of $46.2 million and $47.6 million, respectively. (2) Fair value was determined by applying a Monte Carlo simulation method for the calculation of the potential payment and the Geometric Brownian Motion forecasting model to estimate the underlying revenue. Market based inputs and other Level 3 inputs were used to forecast future revenue. The key inputs used included a risk-free rate of 4.5%, dividend yield of 0%, volatility of 45.0%, period of 7 years and credit risk of 11.0%. (3) Fair value was determined by applying a discounted cash flow analysis with a hypothetical yield of 8.0%. A change in yield of + or – 2% would result in a fair value of $103.1 million and $135.2 million, respectively. (4) Fair value was determined by applying a discounted cash flow analysis with a hypothetical yield of 9.0%. A change in yield of + or – 2% would result in a fair value of $137.9 million and $180.0 million, respectively. Milestone Rights Liability — The fair value measurement of the Milestone Rights liability is sensitive to the discount rate and the timing of achievement of milestones. The Company utilized a Monte-Carlo Simulation Method to simulate the Afrezza net sales under a neutral framework to estimate the potential payments and the Geometric Brownian Motion forecasting model to estimate the underlying revenue. The Company then discounted the future expected payments at cost of debt with a term equal to the simulated time to payout based on cumulative sales. See Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies. Financing Liability — The Sale-Leaseback Transaction in November 2021 resulted in a financing liability. See Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies. Liability for Sale of Future Royalties — The sale of a portion of our royalty rights in December 2023 resulted in a liability for sale of future royalties. See Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (bbb)(1) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 107 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-107 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 100 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(3) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2E -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (g) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 940 -SubTopic 820 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478119/940-820-50-1 + Details
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