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Revenue Recognition | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Our revenue is derived from Software as a Service (SaaS), hardware and software sales, software activation, hardware support, installations, maintenance and professional services. ASC 606: "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" requires us to distinguish and measure performance obligations under customer contracts. Contract consideration is allocated to all performance obligations within the arrangement or contract. Performance obligations that are determined not to be distinct are combined with other performance obligations until the combined unit is determined to be distinct and that combined unit is then recognized as revenue over time or at a point in time depending on when control is transferred. We evaluated the potential performance obligations within our Restaurant/Retail reporting segment and evaluated whether each performance obligation met the ASC 606 criteria to be considered distinct performance obligations. Revenue in the Restaurant/Retail reporting segment is recognized at a point in time for software, hardware and installations. Revenue on these items are recognized when the customer obtains control of the asset. This generally occurs upon delivery and acceptance by the customer or upon installation or delivery to a third party carrier for onward delivery to customer. Additionally, revenue in the Restaurant/Retail reporting segment relating to SaaS, our hardware Advanced Exchange, on-site support and other services is recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the Company’s performance obligations. Our support services are stand-ready obligations that are provided over the life of the contract, generally 12 months. We offer installation services to our customers for hardware and software for which we primarily hire third-party contractors to install the equipment on our behalf. We pay third-party contractors installation service fees at mutually agreed rates. When third-party installers are used, we determine whether the nature of our performance obligations is to provide the specified goods or services ourselves (principal) or to arrange for a third-party to provide the goods or services (agent). In direct customer arrangements, we have discretion over our pricing; we are primarily responsible for providing a good or service; and we have inventory risk before the good or service is transferred to the customer. As a result, we have concluded that we are the principal in the arrangement and record installation revenue on a gross basis. Our contracts typically require payment within 30 to 90 days from the shipping date or installation date. The primary method used to estimate stand-alone selling price, is by referring to the price that we charge for that good or service when we sell it separately under similar circumstances to similar customers. The Company determines stand-alone selling price as follows: hardware, software (on-premises and SaaS) and software activation (which is a one-time fee charged at the initial offering of software) performance obligations are recognized at a stand-alone selling price based on the price at which the Company sells the particular good or service separately in similar circumstances and to similar customers. The stand-alone selling price for all other performance obligations, including: pass-through hardware, such as terminals, printers, or card readers; hardware support, including Advanced Exchange, installation and maintenance; software upgrades; and professional services, including project management, is recognized by using an expected cost plus margin. Our revenue in the Government reporting segment is generally recognized over time as control of products or services is generally transferred continuously to our customers. While revenue generated by the Government reporting segment is predominantly related to services, we do generate revenue from sales of materials, software, hardware, and maintenance. For the Government reporting segment, cost plus fixed fee contract portfolio revenue is recognized over time using costs incurred as of a determination date, to measure progress toward satisfying our performance obligations. Incurred costs represent work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. Contract costs include labor, material, overhead, and general and administrative expenses. Profit is recognized on the fixed fee portion of the contract as costs are incurred and invoiced. Long-term fixed price contracts and programs involve the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. For long-term fixed price contracts, we estimate the profit, as the difference between the total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract, and recognize it over the life of the contract. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events. These assumptions include: labor productivity and availability; the complexity of the work to be performed; the cost and availability of materials; and the performance of subcontractors. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the same assumptions, adjusted for estimated costs to complete a contract. Once the services provided are determined to be distinct or not distinct, we evaluate how to allocate the transaction price. Generally, the Government reporting segment does not sell the same good or service to similar customers and the contract performance obligations are unique to each government contract. The performance obligations are typically not distinct; however, in cases where there are distinct performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation ratably, based upon the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation. Cost plus margin is used for the cost plus fixed fee contract portfolios as well as the fixed price and time and materials contracts portfolios to determine the stand-alone selling price. In determining when to recognize revenue, we analyze whether our performance obligations in our Government contracts are satisfied over a period of time or at a point in time. In general, our performance obligations are satisfied over a period of time. However, there may be circumstances where the latter or both scenarios could apply to a contract. We generally anticipate receipt of payment within 30 to 90 days from the date of service. None of our contracts as of December 31, 2019 or March 31, 2020 contained a significant financing component. Performance Obligations Outstanding The Company's performance obligations outstanding represent the transaction price of firm, non-cancellable orders, with expected delivery dates to customers subsequent to March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively, for work that has not yet been performed. The activity of outstanding performance obligations as is relates to customer deposits and deferred service revenue is as follows:
(in thousands) | 2020 | 2019
Beginning balance - January 1 | $ | 16,000 |  | $ | 14,134 |
Deferral of revenue | 8,579 |  | 7,023 |
Recognition of revenue | (8,571 | ) | (6,047 | )
Changes in customer deposits | (1,741 | ) | 1,237 |
Ending balance - March 31 | $ | 14,267 |  | $ | 16,347 |
In the Restaurant/Retail reporting segment most performance obligations over one year are related to service and support contracts, approximately 59% of which we expect to fulfill within the one-year period and 100% within 60 months. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, we recognized revenue of $7.2 million and $5.7 million, respectively, included in the contract liabilities at the beginning of the respective period. The value of existing contracts in the Government reporting segment at March 31, 2020, net of amounts relating to work performed to that date, was approximately $136.1 million, of which $34.5 million was funded, and at December 31, 2019, net of amounts relating to work performed to that date, was approximately $148.7 million, of which $32.8 million was funded. The value of existing contracts, net of amounts relating to work performed to that date are expected to be recognized over time as follows (in thousands):
Next 12 Months | $ | 52,796 |
Months 13-24 | 35,110 |
Months 25-36 | 27,924 |
Thereafter | 20,227 |
TOTAL | $ | 136,057 |
Disaggregated Revenue The Company disaggregates revenue from customer contracts by major product group for each reporting segment. The Company believes this method best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Disaggregation of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 is as follows:
(in thousands) | Three months ended March 31, 2020
| Restaurant/Retail - Point in Time | Restaurant/Retail - Over Time | Government - Over Time
Restaurant/Retail | $ | 28,838 |  | $ | 8,571 |  | $ | — |
Mission Systems | — |  | — |  | 8,448 |
ISR Solutions | — |  | — |  | 8,875 |
TOTAL | $ | 28,838 |  | $ | 8,571 |  | $ | 17,323 |
(in thousands) | Three months ended March 31, 2019
| Restaurant/Retail - Point in Time | Restaurant/Retail - Over Time | Government - Over Time
Restaurant/Retail | $ | 23,023 |  | $ | 5,103 |  | $ | — |
Grocery | 490 |  | 944 |  | — |
Mission Systems | — |  | — |  | 8,546 |
ISR Solutions | — |  | — |  | 6,576 |
TOTAL | $ | 23,513 |  | $ | 6,047 |  | $ | 15,122 |
Practical Expedients and Exemptions The Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period is less than one year or the total amount of commissions is immaterial. We record these expenses in selling, general and administrative in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. We elected to exclude from the transaction price measurement, all taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by the Company from a customer (for example, sales, use, value added, and some excise taxes).

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- References No definition available. + Details
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- Definition The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388 + Details
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