<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001213900-18-003456.txt : 20180326
<SEC-HEADER>0001213900-18-003456.hdr.sgml : 20180326
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20180326173034
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001213900-18-003456
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	DEF 14C
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		3
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20180326
FILED AS OF DATE:		20180326
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20180326
EFFECTIVENESS DATE:		20180326

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			IDT CORP
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001005731
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS (NO RADIO TELEPHONE) [4813]
		IRS NUMBER:				223415036
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0731

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		DEF 14C
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-16371
		FILM NUMBER:		18713632

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		520 BROAD ST
		CITY:			NEWARK
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07102
		BUSINESS PHONE:		973 438 1000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		520 BROAD STREET
		CITY:			NEWARK
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07102
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>DEF 14C
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>def14c0318_idtcorporation.htm
<DESCRIPTION>DEFINITIVE INFORMATION STATEMENT
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Washington,
D.C. 20549</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><B>SCHEDULE
14C INFORMATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Information
Statement Pursuant to Section 14(c) of the</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Securities
Exchange Act of 1934</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Check
the appropriate box:</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 96%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Preliminary
    Information Statement</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 96%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Confidential,
    for Use of the Commission Only&nbsp;(as permitted by Rule 14c-5(d)(2))</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9746;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 96%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Definitive
    Information Statement</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 96%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Definitive
    Additional Materials</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>IDT CORPORATION</B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(Name
of Registrant as Specified In Charter)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Payment
of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9746;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 95%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No
    fee required.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 95%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fee
    computed on table below per Exchange Act Rule 14c-5(g), and 0-11.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title
    of each class of securities to which transaction applies:</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Aggregate
    number of securities to which transaction applies:</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Per
    unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11 (Set forth the amount on which
    the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined):</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proposed
    maximum aggregate value of transaction:</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    fee paid:</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 95%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fee
    paid previously with preliminary materials.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 95%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Check
    box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule 0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting
    fee was paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the Form or Schedule and the date
    of its filing.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amount
    Previously Paid:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form,
    Schedule or Registration Statement No.:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filing
    Party:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date
    Filed:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="eximg_001.jpg" ALT=""></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Howard
S. Jonas</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chairman
of the Board of Directors&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; width: 70%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; width: 30%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT Corporation &nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">520 Broad Street &nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Newark, NJ 07102</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March
26, 2018</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dear
IDT Corporation Stockholder:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are pleased to inform you that the Board of Directors of IDT Corporation (&ldquo;IDT&rdquo;) has approved the spin-off of&nbsp;Rafael
Holdings, Inc. (&ldquo;Rafael&rdquo;), a wholly-owned subsidiary of IDT, to IDT&rsquo;s stockholders. IDT is distributing its
entire interest in Rafael to IDT&rsquo;s stockholders. Following the spin-off, IDT&rsquo;s business will consist principally of
IDT Telecom&rsquo;s core telecommunications, payment services, and related businesses. Rafael will consist of certain non-core
businesses and assets of IDT, specifically real estate and IDT&rsquo;s pharmaceutical industry holdings.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
spin-off of Rafael is occurring by way of a pro rata distribution of Rafael Class A common stock and Class B common stock to IDT&rsquo;s
stockholders. On the distribution date, which is March 26, 2018, each IDT stockholder will receive one share of Rafael Class A
common stock for every two shares of IDT Class A common stock and one share of Rafael Class B common stock for every two shares
of IDT Class B common stock, held at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on March 13, 2018, which was the record date for the spin-off.
The distribution of shares of our Class B common stock will be issued in book-entry form and physical certificates of Rafael will
be issued only to holders of IDT Class A common stock and, upon request, to holders of IDT Class B common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Stockholder
approval of the spin-off is not being sought, and you are not required to take any action to receive your Rafael common stock.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
will focus on the development of its assets &ndash; which are not closely related to the operation of IDT&rsquo;s telecom and
payment services businesses. The spin-off will allow both Rafael and IDT to focus on their respective operations and facilitate
industry-centric strategic activities, incentive compensation and other operational advantages intended to create value for our
stockholders. By spinning-off a separate entity with management focused on the Rafael businesses, we expect to unlock greater
value in Rafael than would have been possible had these businesses and assets remained within IDT.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Following
the spin-off, you will own shares in both IDT and Rafael. Rafael&rsquo;s Class B common stock will be listed for trading on the
NYSE American LLC (&ldquo;NYSE American&rdquo;) under the symbol &ldquo;RFL&rdquo;. We expect that listing to commence on March
27, 2018. &nbsp; IDT Class B common stock will continue to trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol &ldquo;IDT.&rdquo;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
intend for the spin-off to be tax-free for stockholders. To that end, we have received a favorable legal opinion as to the spin-off&rsquo;s
tax-free status from Goulston &amp; Storrs PC. You should, of course, consult your own tax advisor to determine the spin-off&rsquo;s
implications for your particular tax situation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
enclosed Information Statement, which is being mailed to all IDT stockholders as of the record date, describes the spin-off in
detail and contains important information about Rafael including its financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
look forward to your continued support as a stockholder of IDT. We remain committed to working on your behalf to build long-term
stockholder value.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sincerely,</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Howard
                                         S. Jonas&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Howard
                                         S. Jonas</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chairman
        of the Board of Directors</FONT></P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="eximg_002.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">520
Broad Street</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">Newark,
New Jersey 07102</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">Tel:
(973) 438-2000</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">Fax:
(973) 438-2001</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March
26, 2018</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dear
Rafael Stockholder:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">It
is my pleasure to welcome you as a stockholder of our newly independent company, Rafael Holdings, Inc. We look forward to working
with you to build long term shareholder value following our planned spin-off to the stockholders of IDT Corporation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
will own certain commercial real estate assets and interests in clinical and early stage pharmaceutical companies. The assets
will be operated as separate lines of business. The commercial real estate holdings consist of IDT&rsquo;s headquarters building
and its associated public garage in Newark, New Jersey, an office/data center building in Piscataway, New Jersey and a portion
of a building in Israel that hosts offices for IDT and its affiliates. The pharmaceutical holdings include debt interests and
warrants in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (&ldquo;Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rdquo;), which is a clinical stage, oncology-focused pharmaceutical
company committed to the development and commercialization of therapies that exploit the metabolic differences between normal
cells and cancer cells, and a majority equity interest in Lipomedix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., an early stage pharmaceutical development
company based in Israel. All of these assets were non-core assets - outside of IDT&rsquo;s telecom and payment services businesses.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
interest in Rafael Pharmaceuticals includes convertible notes issued by Rafael Pharmaceuticals, and a warrant (held by us and
certain minority holders) to purchase a majority equity stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals at our discretion in accordance with the
terms of the convertible note and the warrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
an independent publicly held company, we will have the ability to focus exclusively on the development of our businesses to unlock
the potential of our assets, and, in so doing, we expect to create value for our stockholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Following
the spin-off, you will own shares in both IDT and Rafael. Rafael&rsquo;s Class B common stock will be listed for trading on the
NYSE American LLC (&ldquo;NYSE American&rdquo;) under the symbol &ldquo;RFL&rdquo; starting March 27, 2018.&nbsp; IDT Class B
common stock will continue to trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol &ldquo;IDT.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
invite you to learn more about us by reviewing the enclosed Information Statement.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I
am excited about the opportunities that the spin-off will create for our company and for our stockholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sincerely,</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Howard S. Jonas&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Howard
                                         S. Jonas</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Chief
        Executive Officer and Chairman of the</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Board
    of Directors</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; color: red"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center; color: red"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>DATED
March 26, 2018</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>DEFINITIVE
INFORMATION STATEMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Class
A Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>and
</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Class
B Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(each,
par value $0.01 per share)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Information Statement is being furnished by IDT Corporation, or IDT, to its stockholders in connection with the distribution to
holders of its Class A common stock and Class B common stock, each&nbsp;par value $0.01 per share, of all the outstanding shares
of Class A common stock and Class B common stock, each par value $0.01 per share, of Rafael Holdings, Inc., or Rafael.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
will own certain commercial real estate assets and interests in clinical and early stage pharmaceutical companies. The assets
will be operated as separate lines of business. The commercial real estate holdings consist of IDT&rsquo;s headquarters building
and its associated public garage in Newark, New Jersey, an office/data center building in Piscataway, New Jersey and a portion
of a building in Israel that hosts offices for IDT and its affiliates. The pharmaceutical holdings include debt interests and
warrants in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Rafael Pharmaceuticals, which is a clinical stage, oncology-focused pharmaceutical
company committed to the development and commercialization of therapies that exploit the metabolic differences between normal
cells and cancer cells, and a majority equity interest in Lipomedix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., an early stage pharmaceutical development
company based in Israel. All of these assets were non-core assets - outside of IDT&rsquo;s telecom and payment services businesses.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
the time of the spin-off, Rafael will also hold approximately $43.8 million in cash, cash equivalents and liquid marketable securities,
$1.2 million in current notes receivable, approximately $4.0 million in interests in hedge funds and approximately $2.0 million
in securities in another entity that are not liquid.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
20-story office building at 520 Broad Street in Newark, New Jersey houses the headquarters of IDT, Genie Energy Ltd. (Genie) and
Rafael.&nbsp; There are also leases with three unrelated parties for space in the building that have commenced. The associated
public parking garage has in excess of&nbsp;800 parking spaces and is located across the street from the building.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Pharmaceuticals is a clinical-stage, oncology-focused, pharmaceutical company committed to the development and commercialization
of therapies that exploit the metabolic differences between normal cells and cancer cells. Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rsquo; primary objective
is to develop highly selective and effective oncology agents with minimal toxicity to normal cells and tissues. Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rsquo;
proprietary approach to targeting cancer metabolism has led to two distinct technology platforms: its altered energy metabolism
directed, or AEMD compounds, and a lipid nanoemulsion-based drug delivery system.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
spin-off will separate our businesses from the remainder of IDT&rsquo;s operations and holdings. Following the spin-off, IDT&rsquo;s
business will consist of IDT Telecom&rsquo;s core telecommunications, payment services, and related businesses.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that the spin-off will more effectively deploy Rafael&rsquo;s assets and operations and will allow for the realization
of greater value to you with the creation of an entity with management and resources that are focused on Rafael&rsquo;s businesses
rather than having those assets remain within IDT. Separating the two entities will allow management of Rafael to design and implement
corporate strategies and policies that are based solely on the business characteristics of Rafael and to maintain a sharper focus
on execution of its business model. In addition, the spin-off will separate business units with different risk profiles and performance
characteristics from one another and allow stockholders to choose to invest or remain invested in a company that meets their investment
criteria and goals. Rafael will primarily be engaged in operating its businesses and expanding its business operations and activities.
Accordingly, we believe the spin-off will build long-term stockholder value.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
business will consist of one reportable segment consisting of our real estate assets, and our pharmaceutical industry holdings
will be included with all other assets under &ldquo;all other&rdquo;.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
spin-off of Rafael is occurring by way of a pro rata distribution of the Rafael Class A common stock and Class B common stock
held by IDT to IDT&rsquo;s stockholders. On the distribution date, which is March 26, 2018, each IDT stockholder will receive
one share of Rafael Class A common stock for every two shares of IDT Class A common stock and one share of Rafael Class B common
stock for every two shares of IDT Class B common stock, held at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on March 13, 2018, which was the
record date for the spin-off. The distribution of shares of our Class B common stock will be paid in book-entry form and physical
stock certificates will be issued only to holders of Class A common stock and, upon request, to holders of Class B common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>No
stockholder approval of the spin-off is required or sought and you are not required to take any action to receive your Rafael
common stock.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are not asking you for a proxy and you are requested not to send us a proxy. IDT stockholders will not be required to pay for
the shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock to be received by them in the spin-off or to surrender or exchange
shares of IDT Class B common stock or Class A common stock in order to receive our Class A common stock and Class B common stock
or to take any other action in connection with the spin-off.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Currently,
there is no trading market for our Class A common stock or Class B common stock. Rafael Class B common stock will be listed for
trading on NYSE American under the symbol &ldquo;RFL&rdquo; starting March 27, 2018. IDT Class B common stock will continue to
trade on the NYSE under the symbol &ldquo;IDT&rdquo;.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not intend to list our Class A common stock for trading on any exchange or trading system.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>In
reviewing this Information Statement, you should carefully consider the matters described under &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; beginning
on page 7 for a discussion of certain factors that should be considered by recipients of our common stock.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Neither
the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or
determined if this Information Statement is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>This
Information Statement does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Information Statement is first being mailed to IDT stockholders on or about March 27, 2018.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>TABLE
OF CONTENTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE SPIN-OFF</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 92%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">EXECUTIVE
    SUMMARY &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">RISK
    FACTORS &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SPECIAL
    NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">THE
    SPIN-OFF &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DIVIDEND
    POLICY &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">UNAUDITED
    PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL DATA &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">MANAGEMENT&rsquo;S
    DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BUSINESS
    &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">52</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">MANAGEMENT
    &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">67</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CORPORATE
    GOVERNANCE &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">69</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DIRECTOR
    COMPENSATION &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">72</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">EXECUTIVE
    COMPENSATION &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">73</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECURITY
    OWNERSHIP BY CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">75</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OUR
    RELATIONSHIP WITH IDT AFTER THE SPIN-OFF AND RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">77</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">LEGAL
    PROCEEDINGS &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">78</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DESCRIPTION
    OF OUR CAPITAL STOCK &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">79</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">WHERE
    YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">81</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">INDEX
    TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS RAFAEL HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-1</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>This
Information Statement is being furnished solely to provide information to IDT stockholders who will receive shares of our common
stock in the distribution. This Information Statement is not, and is not to be construed as, an inducement or encouragement to
buy or sell any of our or IDT&rsquo;s securities. This Information Statement describes our business, our relationship with IDT,
and how the spin-off affects IDT and its stockholders, and provides other information to assist you in evaluating the benefits
and risks of holding or disposing of our common stock that you will receive in the distribution. You should be aware of certain
risks relating to the spin-off, our business and ownership of our common stock, which are described under the heading &ldquo;Risk
Factors.&rdquo;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>You
should not assume that the information contained in this Information Statement is accurate as of any date other than the date
set forth on the cover, except as otherwise set forth herein. Changes to the information contained in this Information Statement
may occur after that date, and we undertake no obligation to update the information, except in the normal course of our public
disclosure obligations and practices.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Unless
the context indicates otherwise, all references in this Information Statement:</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>to
                                         &ldquo;Rafael,&rdquo; &ldquo;us,&rdquo; &ldquo;we,&rdquo; or &ldquo;our&rdquo; are to
                                         Rafael Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries; and</I></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>to
                                         &ldquo;IDT&rdquo; are to IDT Corporation and its subsidiaries, and, with respect to periods
                                         following the spin-off, IDT Corporation and its subsidiaries other than Rafael.</I></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>The
transaction in which we separated from IDT and become a separately-traded public company is referred to in this Information Statement
as the &ldquo;separation,&rdquo; the &ldquo;distribution&rdquo; or the &ldquo;spin-off.&rdquo;</I></FONT></P>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>QUESTIONS
    AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE SPIN-OFF &nbsp;</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Why
    am I receiving this document?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    is delivering this document to you because you were a holder of IDT&rsquo;s Class A common stock or Class B common stock on
    the record date for the distribution of shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock to IDT&rsquo;s stockholders.
    You are entitled to receive one share of our Class A common stock for every two shares of IDT Class A common stock that you
    held on the record date and one share of our Class B common stock for every two shares of IDT Class B common stock that you
    held on the record date. No action is required for you to participate in the distribution.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>What
    is the spin-off?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    spin-off is the overall transaction of separating our company from IDT resulting in Rafael being owned by the public and continuing
    to own and operate its assets and businesses. The final step of the spin-off is the pro rata distribution by IDT of our Class
    A common stock and Class B common stock held by IDT to holders of IDT&rsquo;s Class A common stock and Class B common stock,
    as set forth in the answer to the previous question. We refer to this last step as the &ldquo;distribution.&rdquo; For additional
    information regarding these transactions, see &ldquo;The Spin-Off--Manner of Effecting the Spin-Off&rdquo; beginning on page
    30.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>What
    is Rafael?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Up
    to the time of the spin-off, we will be a wholly-owned subsidiary of IDT. Following the spin-off, we will be a separate
    publicly-traded     company. Rafael will own certain commercial real estate assets and interests in clinical and early stage
    pharmaceutical companies.     The assets will be operated as separate lines of business. The commercial real estate holdings
    consist of IDT&rsquo;s headquarters     building and its associated public garage in Newark, New Jersey, an office/data
    center building in Piscataway, New Jersey     and a portion of a building in Israel that hosts offices for IDT and its
    affiliates. The pharmaceutical holdings include debt     interests and warrants in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which is a
    clinical stage, oncology-focused pharmaceutical company     committed to the development and commercialization of therapies
    that exploit the metabolic differences between normal cells     and cancer cells, and a majority equity interest in
    Lipomedix     Pharmaceuticals Ltd., an early stage pharmaceutical development     company based in Israel. All of these
    assets were     non-core assets outside of IDT&rsquo;s telecom and payment services businesses.     Prior to the spin-off,
    IDT transferred     assets to Rafael such that, at the time of the spin-off, we will have approximately     $43.8 million in
    cash, cash     equivalents and liquid marketable securities, $1.2 million in current notes receivable, approximately
    $4.0     million in     interests in hedge funds and approximately $2.0 million in securities in another entity that are not
    liquid.     The cash,     cash equivalents and marketable securities figures include $10 million to be held in a
    controlled     entity of which we will     effectively     be an     effective 45% owner, at the time of the spin-off. Our
    interests in     Rafael Pharmaceuticals are held     through a 90%-owned     non-operating subsidiary, IDT-Rafael Holdings,
    LLC     (&ldquo;IDT-Rafael Holdings&rdquo;). IDT-Rafael     Holdings holds a warrant     (the &ldquo;Warrant&rdquo;) to
    purchase a     significant stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, as well     as other equity and     governance     rights in
    Rafael     Pharmaceuticals, and owns 50% of CS Pharma Holdings, LLC (&ldquo;CS     Pharma&rdquo;), which     holds the
    convertible       debt and other rights to purchase equity interests in Rafael     Pharmaceuticals. Accordingly, we hold
    an effective 45%     stake     in the interests held by CS Pharma. As of the date     hereof and based on the current shares
    issued     and     outstanding of Rafael     Pharmaceuticals, we, and our affiliates that     hold interests in Rafael
    Pharmaceuticals would     need to pay in the aggregate approximately     $71 million to exercise the     Warrant in full and
    approximately $56 million     to     purchase a 51% controlling stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals.     On an     as-converted
    fully diluted basis (for all     convertible     securities of Rafael Pharmaceuticals outstanding), we and our     affiliates
    that hold interests in Rafael     Pharmaceuticals     would need approximately $122 million to exercise the Warrant in
    full and approximately $98 million     to purchase a 51%     controlling stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals as more fully
    discussed     below     on page 53.&nbsp;     Following that exercise, a     portion of our interest in Rafael
    Pharmaceuticals would continue     to be held for     the     benefit of the other equity holders     in IDT-Rafael Holdings
    and CS Pharma.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Why
    is IDT separating our businesses and distributing our stock?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT&rsquo;s
    Board of Directors and management believe the separation will provide the benefits set forth below under the caption &ldquo;The
    Spin-Off &ndash; Reasons for the Spin-Off&rdquo; beginning on page 28, which are being undertaken to unlock greater value
    for Rafael and thus for stockholders than was the case as part of IDT. Management also considered the other factors set forth
    below under the caption &ldquo;The Spin-Off &ndash; Other Benefits of the Spin-Off&rdquo; on page 29.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Why
    is the separation of the two companies structured as a spin-off?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT&rsquo;s
    Board of Directors believes that a spin-off of our shares is a cost-effective and tax efficient way to separate the companies.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>What
    was the record date for the distribution?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    record date was March 13, 2018 and ownership was determined as of 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on that date. When we refer
    to the &ldquo;record date,&rdquo; we are referring to that time and date.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>When
    will the spin-off be completed?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares
    of our common stock will be distributed at 11:59 p.m. on March 26, 2018. We refer to this date as the &ldquo;distribution
    date.&rdquo;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>What
    will be our relationship with IDT after the spin-off?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Following
    the spin-off, IDT and Rafael each will be independent publicly-traded companies and legally separate entities.&nbsp;&nbsp;We
    expect to contract with IDT for certain corporate services including administrative, legal, financial, internal audit, corporate
    tax assistance, and that agreement will cover the allocation of costs for officers and other personnel who dedicate time and
    effort to both companies. We also lease to IDT 80,000 square feet of office space and two parking spots for each thousand
    square feet of space leased.&nbsp; The annual base rent is $1,498,400.&nbsp; We will also enter into a separate lease with
    IDT&rsquo;s affiliate, Genie, covering 8,631 square feet of space in 520 Broad Street.&nbsp; In addition, we expect to cooperate
    with IDT with respect to certain matters related to periods prior to the spin-off. Relationships among management of Rafael
    and IDT are described below under the caption &ldquo;Our Relationship with IDT After the Spin-Off and Related Person Transactions.&rdquo;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>What
    will happen to the listing of IDT&rsquo;s Class B common stock?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Class B common stock will continue to be traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol &ldquo;IDT.&rdquo;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Will
    the spin-off affect the market price of my IDT shares?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Possibly.
    As a result of the spin-off, the trading price of IDT shares immediately following the distribution may be lower than immediately
    prior to the distribution because the trading price will no longer reflect the value of our assets. In addition, until the
    market has fully analyzed the value of IDT without these assets, the price of IDT shares may fluctuate more than it has historically.
    Furthermore, the combined trading prices of IDT&rsquo;s Class B common stock and, if and when outstanding, our Class B common
    stock, after the distribution may be higher or lower than the trading price of IDT Class B common stock prior to the distribution.
    See the Risk Factor entitled &ldquo;There may not be an active trading market for shares of our common stock and Rafael stockholders
    may find it difficult to transfer our securities.&rdquo; on page 23.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>What
    will IDT stockholders receive in the spin-off?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
        the spin-off, IDT stockholders will receive one share of our Class A common stock for every two shares of IDT Class A
        common stock and one share of our Class B common stock for every two share of IDT Class B common stock that they own as
        of the record date, and compensation in lieu of fractional shares as set forth below. Immediately after the spin-off,
        IDT stockholders will still own all of IDT&rsquo;s businesses and assets, but they will own them as two separate investments
        rather than as a single investment.</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holders
        of our Class A common stock will be entitled to three votes per share and holders of our Class B common stock will be
        entitled to one tenth of one vote per share.</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
        the spin-off, the certificates and book-entry interests representing IDT Class A common stock and Class B common stock
        will represent such stockholders&rsquo; interests in the businesses and assets that will continue to be held by IDT following
        the spin-off, and the certificates and book-entry interests representing our Class A common stock and Class B common stock
        that IDT stockholders receive in the spin-off will represent their interest in Rafael&rsquo;s businesses and assets only.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>If
    an IDT stockholder owns unvested restricted stock or deferred stock units of IDT, what will that stockholder receive in the
    spin-off?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A<B>:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holders
    of unvested restricted stock of IDT will receive, in respect of those unvested restricted shares, one share of our Class B
    common stock for every two unvested restricted shares of IDT Class B common stock&nbsp;that they own as of the record date
    for the spin-off. Those particular unvested restricted shares of our stock that you will receive will be restricted under
    the same terms as the IDT unvested restricted shares in respect of which they were issued. This means that unvested restricted
    shares of our stock received in the spin-off are subject to forfeiture on the same terms, and their restrictions lapse at
    the same time, as the corresponding IDT shares.&nbsp;&nbsp;Holders of deferred stock units or DSUs with respect to Class B
    common stock of IDT will receive, upon vesting, in addition to the shares of IDT Class B common stock, one share of our Class
    B common stock for every two shares of IDT Class B common stock subject to the DSU.&nbsp;&nbsp;Vesting of the DSUs will not
    be impacted by the spin-off.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>I
    own options to purchase shares of IDT stock that have been issued by IDT, what will happen to my IDT options and what will
    I receive in respect of that option in the spin-off?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A<B>:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
    the spin-off, the exercise price of each outstanding option to purchase IDT Class B common stock that was issued by IDT will
    be proportionately reduced based on the relative trading prices of IDT and Rafael following the spin-off. &nbsp;In addition,
    holders of options to purchase shares of IDT Class B common stock issued by IDT will receive an option to purchase one share
    of our Class&nbsp;B common stock for every option to purchase two shares of IDT Class B common stock held as of the distribution
    date for the spin-off.&nbsp;&nbsp;The granted options will have a term of five years from the distribution date and will have
    an exercise price based on the trading price of our Class B common stock after the spin-off.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>What
    does an IDT stockholder need to do now?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
        stockholders do not need to take any action, although we urge you to read this entire document carefully. The approval
        of IDT stockholders is not required or sought to effect the spin-off, and IDT stockholders have no appraisal rights in
        connection with the spin-off. IDT is not seeking a proxy from any stockholders, and you are requested not to send us a
        proxy.</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
        stockholders will not be required to pay anything for our shares distributed in the spin-off or to surrender any shares
        of IDT Class A common stock or Class B common stock. IDT stockholders should not send in their IDT share certificates.
        IDT stockholders will automatically receive their shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock when the
        spin-off is executed.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Are
    there risks associated with owning Rafael common stock?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Yes.
    Our business is subject to both general and specific risks relating to our operations. In addition, our spin-off from IDT
    presents risks relating to our becoming a separately-traded public company as well as risks relating to the nature of the
    spin-off transaction itself. See &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; beginning on page 7.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>What
    are the U.S. Federal income tax consequences of the spin-off to IDT stockholders?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    stockholders should not recognize a gain or loss on the receipt of shares of our common stock in the spin-off other than with
    respect to fractional shares of our common stock for which cash is received. IDT stockholders should apportion their tax basis
    in IDT common stock between such IDT common stock and our common stock received in the spin-off in proportion to the relative
    fair market values of such stock at the time of the spin-off. An IDT stockholder&rsquo;s holding period for our common stock
    received in the spin-off should include the period for which that stockholder&rsquo;s IDT common stock was held. See &ldquo;The
    Spin-Off--Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Spin-Off&rdquo; beginning on page 31. <B>YOU SHOULD CONSULT
    YOUR OWN TAX ADVISOR AS TO THE PARTICULAR CONSEQUENCES OF THE SPIN-OFF TO YOU</B>.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>What
    if I want to sell my IDT common stock or my Rafael common stock?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">You
        should consult with your own financial advisors, such as your stockbroker, bank or tax advisor. We do not make any recommendations
        on the purchase, retention or sale of shares of IDT common stock or our common stock.</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
        you decide to sell any shares after the record date, but before the spin-off, you should make sure your stockbroker, bank
        or other nominee understands whether you want to sell your IDT common stock, or your Rafael common stock after it is distributed,
        or both.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Where
    will I be able to trade shares of Rafael common stock?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
        is no current public market for our common stock. Rafael&rsquo;s Class B common stock will be listed for trading on NYSE
        American under the symbol &ldquo;RFL&rdquo; starting March 27, 2018.</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trading
        in shares of our Class B common stock began on a &ldquo;when-issued&rdquo; basis on the day before the record date, and
        &ldquo;regular way&rdquo; trading will begin on March 27, 2018, then &ldquo;when-issued&rdquo; trading with respect to
        our Class B common stock will end.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Do
    you intend to pay dividends on your common stock?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Our current intent is to retain earnings,
    if any, to finance the working capital needs and potential expansion of our businesses. The payment of dividends in the future
    will be at the sole discretion of Rafael&rsquo;s Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, Rafael&rsquo;s
    results of operations, financial condition, capital expenditures and other cash obligations. We and IDT will be separate entities
    after the spin-off. As such, our decision to pay (or not pay) dividends in the future will not impact IDT&rsquo;s decision
    of whether to pay (or not pay) dividends in the future. See &ldquo;Dividend Policy&rdquo; on page&nbsp;34 for additional information
    on our dividend policy following the spin-off.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Where
    can IDT stockholders get more information?</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
        you have any questions relating to the distribution, you should contact: &nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
        Corporation</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">520
        Broad Street</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Newark,
        New Jersey 07102</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attention:
        Bill Ulrey, Vice President&ndash;Investor Relations and External Affairs</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(973)
        438-3838</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Q:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Who
    will be the distribution agent for the spin-off? </B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">American
        Stock Transfer &amp; Trust Company is the distribution agent for the spin-off. The distribution agent can be contacted
        at:</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">59
        Maiden Lane</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Plaza
        Level</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
        York, New York 10038</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Telephone
        (800) 937-5449</FONT></P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
will own the following non-core businesses and assets: (i) commercial real estate including IDT&rsquo;s headquarters building
and associated public garage in Newark, New Jersey, an office/data center building in Piscataway, New Jersey and a portion of
a building in Israel that hosts offices for IDT and its affiliates; (ii) interests in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Rafael
Pharmaceuticals, which is a clinical stage, oncology-focused pharmaceutical company committed to the development and commercialization
of therapies that exploit the metabolic differences between normal cells and cancer cells, and (iii) a majority equity interest
in Lipomedix Pharmaceuticals Ltd. or Lipomedix, an early stage pharmaceutical development company based in Israel. All of these
assets were non-core assets - outside of IDT&rsquo;s telecom and payment services businesses.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Summary
of the Spin-Off</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following is a summary of the terms of the spin-off. Please see &ldquo;The Spin-Off&rdquo; beginning on page&nbsp;28 for a more
detailed description of the matters described below.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 30%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Distributing
    company</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 70%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Corporation, a Delaware corporation.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Distributed
    company</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
        Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation.</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael&rsquo;s
        principal executive offices are located at 520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102.</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Distribution
    ratio</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
    holder of IDT Class A will receive a distribution of one share of Rafael Class A common stock for every two shares of IDT
    Class A common stock held on the record date and each holder of IDT Class B common stock will receive a distribution of one
    share of Rafael Class B common stock for every two shares of IDT Class B common stock held on the record date.&nbsp;&nbsp;For
    additional information regarding how holders of IDT common stock will receive cash in lieu of fractional shares of our common
    stock, see &ldquo;The Spin-Off-Manner of Effecting the Spin-Off on page 30.&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Securities
    to be distributed</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Approximately
        0.8 million shares of Rafael Class A common stock, which will constitute all of the outstanding shares of Rafael Class
        A common stock immediately after the spin-off (based on approximately 1.6 million shares of IDT Class A common stock that
        were outstanding on the record date).</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Approximately
        11.63 million shares of Rafael Class B common stock, which will constitute all of the outstanding shares of Rafael Class
        A common stock immediately after the spin-off (based on approximately 23.27 million shares of IDT Class B common stock
        that were outstanding on the record date).</FONT></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Record
    date</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    record date was 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on March 13, 2018. In order to be entitled to receive shares of Rafael Class
    A common stock and/or Class B common stock in the spin-off, holders of shares of IDT Class A common stock and Class B common
    stock must have been stockholders as of 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the record date.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Distribution
    date</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    distribution date will be March 26, 2018.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Relationship
    between Rafael and IDT after the spin-off</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Following
    the spin-off, IDT and Rafael each will be independent, publicly-traded companies. We entered into a Services Agreement with
    IDT, to allow us to utilize certain personnel of, and obtain administrative, legal, financial, internal audit, corporate,
    tax and other services from IDT unless we develop those capabilities internally or arrange for such services from other vendors,
    and that agreement covers the allocation of costs for officers and other personnel who dedicate time and effort to both companies.
    We also lease to IDT 80,000 square feet of office space and two parking spots for each thousand square feet of space leased.&nbsp;The
    annual base rent is $1,498,400.&nbsp; We will also enter into a separate lease with IDT&rsquo;s affiliate, Genie covering
    8,631 square feet of space in 520 Broad Street.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 30%; padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Dividend
    policy</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 70%; padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
    do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Our current intent is to retain earnings,
    if any, to finance the potential expansion of our businesses. The payment of dividends in the future will be at the sole discretion
    of our Board of Directors and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, capital expenditure plans and
    other cash obligations.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Payment
    of intercompany indebtedness</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
    intercompany debt between IDT and Rafael as of the distribution date was capitalized to equity prior to the completion of
    the spin-off and there is currently no indebtedness owing from Rafael to IDT.&nbsp;&nbsp;The only contemplated obligations
    from Rafael to IDT arising after the spin-off would be obligations that arise under the Separation and Distribution Agreement
    between Rafael and IDT (the &ldquo;Separation Agreement&rdquo;), the Services Agreement between Rafael and IDT (the &ldquo;Services
    Agreement&rdquo;), the Tax Separation Agreement between Rafael and IDT (the &ldquo;Tax Separation Agreement&rdquo;), or the
    Lease.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Corporate
Information and Structure</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the spin-off, we separated from IDT and become a separate publicly-traded company. The spin-off and our resulting separation
from IDT involve the following steps:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
                                         part of the spin-off, we amended our certificate of incorporation to increase our authorized
                                         capital stock and effectuate a stock split.&nbsp; The rights of the various classes of
                                         capital stock are described below under the heading &ldquo;Description of Our Capital
                                         Stock&rdquo; beginning on page 79.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                         entered into the Separation Agreement and Tax Separation Agreement with IDT to effect
                                         the separation and provide a framework for our relationship with IDT after the spin-off.
                                         For more information on these agreements, see &ldquo;Our Relationship with IDT After
                                         the Spin-Off and Related Person Transactions&rdquo; beginning on page 77.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                         registration statement on Form 10, as amended under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
                                         as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;), of which this Information Statement is a
                                         part, became effective, and IDT will mail this Information Statement to its stockholders.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Following
                                         the separation, we will operate as a separate publicly-traded company, and Rafael&rsquo;s
                                         Class B common stock will be listed for trading on the NYSE American under the symbol
                                         &ldquo;RFL&rdquo;. We expect that trading for Rafael&rsquo;s Class B common stock will
                                         commence on a regular way basis on March 27, 2018.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 transferred assets to Rafael such that, at the time of the spin-off, we have approximately
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 $43.8 million in cash, cash equivalents and liquid marketable securities, $1.2 million
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 in current notes receivable, approximately $4.0 million in interests in hedge funds and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 approximately $2.0 million in securities in another entity that are not liquid. The cash, cash equivalents and marketable
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 securities figures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 include
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 $10 million to be held at CS Pharma at the                                          time of the spin-off for
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 additional investments in the pharmaceutical industry companies                                          in which we own
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 interests.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
a further explanation of the spin-off, see &ldquo;The Spin-Off&rdquo; beginning on page 28.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RISK
FACTORS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Our
business, operating results or financial condition could be materially adversely affected by any of the following risks associated
with any one of our businesses, as well as the other risks highlighted elsewhere in this document, particularly the discussions
about competition. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks. Note that references to &ldquo;our&rdquo;,
&ldquo;us&rdquo;, &ldquo;we&rdquo;, &ldquo;the Company&rdquo;, etc. used in each risk factor below refers to the business about
which such risk factor is provided.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Risks
Related to the Business </U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Risk
Related to our Real Estate Assets</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Economic,
regulatory, and socio-economic changes that impact the real estate market generally, or that could affect patterns of use of commercial
office space, may cause our operating results to suffer and decrease the value of our real estate properties.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
our properties do not generate income sufficient to meet operating expenses, including debt service and capital expenditures,
it may cause our operating results to suffer and decrease the value of our real estate properties.&nbsp; The following factors,
among others, may adversely affect the operating performance and long- or short-term value of our properties:&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">changes
                                         in the national, regional, and local economic climates, particularly in markets in which
                                         we have our properties;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">local
                                         office submarket conditions such as changes in the supply of, or demand for, space in
                                         properties similar to those that we own within a particular area;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">changes
                                         in the patterns of office use due to technological advances which may make telecommuting
                                         more prevalent;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         attractiveness of our properties to potential tenants;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">changes
                                         in interest rates and availability of permanent mortgage funds that may render the sale
                                         of a property difficult or unattractive;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         financial stability of our tenants, including bankruptcies, financial difficulties or
                                         lease defaults by our tenants;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">changes
                                         in operating costs and expenses, including costs for maintenance, insurance and real
                                         estate taxes, and our ability to control rents in light of such changes;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         need to periodically fund the costs to repair, renovate and re-lease space;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">earthquakes,
                                         tornadoes, hurricanes and other natural disasters, civil unrest, terrorist acts or acts
                                         of war, which may result in uninsured or underinsured losses;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">changes
                                         in, or increased costs of compliance with, governmental regulations, including those
                                         governing usage, zoning, the environment and taxes; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">changes
                                         in accounting standards.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
of these factors may prevent us from maintaining the value of our real estate properties.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
geography of our real estate holdings may make us particularly susceptible to adverse economic developments in the real estate
markets of those areas.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to general, regional and national economic conditions, our operating results are impacted by the economic conditions
in New Jersey and Israel.&nbsp; Any adverse economic or real estate developments in New Jersey or Israel, such as business layoffs
or downsizing, industry slowdowns, relocations of businesses, changing demographics and other factors, or any decrease in demand
for office space resulting from the local business climate, could adversely affect our property revenue, and hence net operating
income.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
real estate is all commercial property and may leave our profitability vulnerable to a downturn in that sector.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
of our properties are commercial real estate.&nbsp; As a result, we are subject to risks inherent in operating a single type of
property.&nbsp; The impact of the downturn in demand for office properties has been more pronounced than if we owned a more fully
diversified portfolio of real estate properties.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>An
increase in real estate taxes may decrease our net operating income from properties.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Generally,
from time to time our property taxes may increase as property values or assessment rates change or for other reasons deemed relevant
by the assessors.&nbsp; An increase in the assessed valuation of a property for real estate tax purposes results in an increase
in the related real estate taxes on that property. Although some tenant leases may permit us to pass through the tax increases
to the tenants for payment, there is no assurance that renewal leases or future leases will be negotiated on the same basis and
we may be responsible for these increases as well as unleased portions of the properties. Increases not passed through to tenants
will adversely affect our net operating income and our cash available to pay distributions, if any.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
may suffer uninsured losses relating to real property or pay excessively expensive premiums for insurance coverage.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Although
we attempt to ensure that all of our properties are adequately insured to cover casualty losses, there are certain types of losses,
generally catastrophic in nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution or
environmental matters, which are uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may be insured subject to limitations, such as
large deductibles or co-payments.&nbsp; Insurance risks associated with potential terrorist acts could sharply increase the premiums
we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims.&nbsp; Mortgage lenders generally insist that specific coverage against
terrorism be purchased by commercial property owners as a condition for providing mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans.&nbsp; We
cannot be certain that this coverage will continue to be available, or available at reasonable cost, if at all, which could inhibit
our ability to finance or refinance our properties.&nbsp; We may be required to provide other financial support, either through
financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses.&nbsp; We cannot assure you that we will have adequate coverage
for any losses we may suffer.&nbsp; In addition, other than any capital reserve we may establish, we will have limited sources
of funding to repair or reconstruct any uninsured damaged property, and we cannot assure you that those reserves will be sufficient.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
are dependent on IDT, Genie and their other affiliates for a large portion of our revenue and the loss of, or a significant reduction
in revenue from IDT and its affiliates would reduce our revenue and adversely impact our results of operations.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have generated&nbsp;majority of our revenue from IDT and its affiliates. In the six months ended January 31,&nbsp;2018, IDT and
its affiliates accounted for approximately 48% of our revenue and in the Fiscal year ended July 31, 2017, IDT and its affiliates
accounted for approximately 65% of our revenue.&nbsp;This decrease in concentration was primarily the result of a decrease in
revenues from IDT and its affiliates due to modification of the terms of the leases. The loss of, or a significant reduction in,
revenue from IDT and its affiliates would materially and adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
cost of complying with environmental and other governmental laws and regulations may adversely affect us.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
real property and the operations conducted on real property are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations (including
those of foreign jurisdictions) relating to environmental protection and human health and safety. These laws and regulations generally
govern wastewater discharges, air emissions, the operation and removal of underground and above-ground storage tanks, the use,
storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous materials, and the remediation of contamination associated
with disposals. We also are required to comply with various local, state and federal fire, health, life-safety and similar regulations.&nbsp;
Some of these laws and regulations may impose joint and several liability on tenants or owners for the costs of investigating
or remediating contaminated properties.&nbsp; These laws and regulations often impose liability whether or not the owner knew
of, or was responsible for, the presence of the hazardous or toxic substances.&nbsp; The cost of removing or remediating could
be substantial.&nbsp; In addition, the presence of these substances, or the failure to properly remediate these substances, may
adversely affect our ability to sell or rent a property or to use the property as collateral for borrowing.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Environmental
laws and regulations also may impose restrictions on the manner in which properties may be used or businesses may be operated,
and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures by us.&nbsp; Environmental laws and regulations provide for sanctions
in the event of noncompliance and may be enforced by governmental agencies or, in certain circumstances, by private parties.&nbsp;
Third parties may seek recovery from owners of real properties for personal injury or property damage associated with exposure
to released hazardous substances.&nbsp; Compliance with new or more stringent laws or regulations or stricter interpretations
of existing laws may require material expenditures by us.&nbsp; For example, various federal, regional and state laws and regulations
have been implemented or are under consideration to mitigate the effects of climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions.&nbsp;
Among other things, &ldquo;green&rdquo; building codes may seek to reduce emissions through the imposition of standards for design,
construction materials, water and energy usage and efficiency, and waste management.&nbsp; We are not aware of any such existing
requirements that we believe will have a material impact on our current operations.&nbsp; However, future requirements could increase
the costs of maintaining or improving our existing properties or developing new properties.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
costs associated with complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act may affect cash available for our operations or to pay
distributions or make additional investments.</I></B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
real properties are generally subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended.&nbsp; Under this Act, all places
of public accommodation are required to comply with federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons.&nbsp;
The Act has separate compliance requirements for &ldquo;public accommodations&rdquo; and &ldquo;commercial facilities&rdquo; generally
requiring that buildings and services be made accessible and available to people with disabilities.&nbsp; The Act&rsquo;s requirements
could require removal of access barriers and could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, monetary penalties or, in some
cases, an award of damages.&nbsp; We attempt to acquire properties that comply with the Act or any relevant law or regulation
of a foreign jurisdiction or place the burden on the seller or other third-party, such as a tenant, to ensure compliance with
those laws or regulations.&nbsp; However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to acquire properties or allocate responsibilities
in this manner.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Risks
Related to our Pharmaceutical Industry Investments </U></B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
pharmaceutical investments may not be able to develop any medicines of commercial value.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
drug that companies develop in preclinical and clinical studies, may not be able to succeed in demonstrating safety and efficacy
of the product candidate in human clinical trials. Screening for and identifying product candidates may not result in the discovery
and development of commercially viable medicines to treat cancer and other illnesses the failure of which would harm to our pharmaceutical
investments.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
pharmaceutical investment companies may not be successful in their efforts to identify or discover potential product candidates.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
key elements of Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rsquo; and Lipomedix&rsquo;s (collectively, referred to as &ldquo;the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies&rdquo;) strategy are for Rafael Pharmaceuticals to identify and test compounds that target alterations found in the
enzymes of cancer cells related to its production of energy widely known as cancer metabolism, and for Lipomedix to find drug
carrier systems such as liposomes or other nanoparticles to deliver effectively and safely powerful anticancer compounds for which
minimizing toxicity is critical. A significant portion of the research that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies are conducting
involves new compounds and drug discovery methods and suitable drug delivery systems, including the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies&rsquo; proprietary technology. The drug discovery that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies are conducting using
the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; proprietary technology may not be successful in identifying compounds that are
useful in treating cancer. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; research programs may initially show promise in identifying
potential product candidates, yet fail to yield product candidates for clinical development for a number of reasons, including:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         research methodology used may not be successful in identifying appropriate biomarkers,
                                         potential product candidates or effective carrier systems to confer a drug delivery advantage.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">potential
                                         product candidates may, on further study, be shown to not be effective, have harmful
                                         side effects or other characteristics that indicate that they are unlikely to be medicines
                                         that will receive marketing approval and achieve market acceptance.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Research
programs to identify new product candidates require substantial technical, financial and human resources. The Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies may choose to focus the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; efforts and resources on a potential product candidate
that ultimately proves to be unsuccessful.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies are unable to identify suitable compounds for preclinical and clinical development, the
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies will not be able to obtain product revenue in future periods, which likely would result in
significant harm to the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; financial position and adversely impact the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies&rsquo; valuation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
clinical trials of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to
the satisfaction of regulatory authorities or do not otherwise produce positive results, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies
may incur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization
of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies, and any collaborators, are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product
candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Foreign regulatory authorities, such as the European Medicines Agency, or the EMA, impose similar requirements. The Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies have not previously submitted a new drug application, or NDA, to the FDA or similar drug approval filings
to comparable foreign regulatory authorities for any of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates. Before
obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product
candidates, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies must conduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy
of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; lead product candidates in humans as well as extensive preclinical development
followed by extensive human clinical trials for any future candidates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Clinical
testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. The Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies cannot guarantee that any clinical trials will be conducted as planned or completed on schedule, if at all.
The clinical development of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure
inherent at any stage of product development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in a clinical trial or across a broad
population of patients, the occurrence of adverse events that are severe or medically or commercially unacceptable, failure to
comply with protocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable foreign regulatory
authority that a product candidate may not continue development or is not approvable. It is possible that even if one or more
of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected
during clinical evaluation as a result of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements,
conduct or analysis of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; clinical trials. Conversely, as a result of the same factors,
the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate
that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, in the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; clinical
trials the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies&rsquo; product candidates, or mistakenly believe that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates
are toxic or not well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies, or any future collaborators, and impair the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; ability to generate
revenue from product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. Moreover, if the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies or the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; collaborators are required to conduct additional clinical trials or
other testing of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates beyond those that the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies currently contemplate, if the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies or the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
collaborators are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates
or other testing, if the results of these trials or tests are not positive or are only modestly positive or if there are safety
concerns, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies or the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; collaborators may:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">be
                                         delayed in obtaining marketing approval for the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
                                         product candidates;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">not
                                         obtain marketing approval at all;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">obtain
                                         approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as intended or
                                         desired;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">obtain
                                         approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or
                                         safety warnings, including boxed warnings;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">be
                                         subject to additional post-marketing testing requirements; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">have
                                         the medicine removed from the market after obtaining marketing approval.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; failure to successfully complete clinical trials of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
product candidates and to demonstrate the efficacy and safety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market any of the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates would significantly harm our investment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies, or any collaborators, experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection
with clinical trials of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates, potential clinical development, marketing
approval or commercialization of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates could be delayed or prevented.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies or their collaborators may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of,
clinical trials that could delay or prevent the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; ability to receive marketing approval
or commercialize the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates, including:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">regulators
                                         or institutional review boards may not authorize the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies
                                         or their collaborators or investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical
                                         trial at a prospective trial site;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         Pharmaceutical Investment Companies or their collaborators may have delays in reaching
                                         or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols
                                         with prospective trial sites;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">clinical
                                         trials of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates may produce
                                         negative or inconclusive results, and the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies or their
                                         collaborators may decide, or regulators may require them, to conduct additional clinical
                                         trials or abandon product development programs;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         number of patients required for clinical trials of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
                                         product candidates may be larger than they anticipate; enrollment in these clinical trials,
                                         which may be particularly challenging for some of the orphan diseases the Pharmaceutical
                                         Investment Companies target in their programs, may be slower than the Pharmaceutical
                                         Investment Companies anticipate; or participants may drop out of these clinical trials
                                         at a higher rate than they anticipate;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">third-party
                                         contractors used by the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; or their collaborators
                                         may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations
                                         in a timely manner, or at all;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         Pharmaceutical Investment Companies or their collaborators might have to suspend or terminate
                                         clinical trials of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates
                                         for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are being exposed to unacceptable
                                         health risks;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">regulators,
                                         institutional review boards, or the data safety monitoring board for such trials may
                                         require that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies, their collaborators or their investigators
                                         suspend or terminate clinical research for various reasons, including noncompliance with
                                         regulatory requirements or a finding that the participants are being exposed to unacceptable
                                         health risks;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         cost of clinical trials of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates
                                         may be greater than anticipated;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         supply or quality of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates
                                         or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of the Pharmaceutical Investment
                                         Companies&rsquo; product candidates may be insufficient or inadequate;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates may have undesirable side
                                         effects or other unexpected characteristics, causing the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies,
                                         their collaborators or their investigators, regulators or institutional review boards
                                         to suspend or terminate the trials; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; may be unable to meet the endpoints established
                                         by the FDA for approval.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Product
development costs for the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies, or any collaborators, will increase if the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies, or they, experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies may
be required to obtain additional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies do not know whether any preclinical tests
or clinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule or at all. Significant
preclinical study or clinical trial delays also could shorten any periods during which the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies,
or any future collaborators, may have the exclusive right to commercialize the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product
candidates or allow the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; competitors, or the competitors of any collaborators, to bring
products to market before the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies, or any collaborators do and impair the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies&rsquo; ability, or the ability of any collaborators, to successfully commercialize the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
product candidates and may harm the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; business and results of operations. In addition,
many of the factors that lead to clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of any of the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates. The occurrence of any of these events would negatively impact the value of our
investments.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, the
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies or their collaborators may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates if the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies or they are unable to locate and enroll
a sufficient number of eligible patients to participate in these trials as required by the FDA or analogous regulatory authorities
outside the United States. Enrollment may be particularly challenging for some of the orphan diseases the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies target in the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; programs. In addition, some of the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies&rsquo; competitors may have ongoing clinical trials for product candidates that would treat the same indications as
the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates, and patients who would otherwise be eligible for the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies&rsquo; clinical trials may instead enroll in clinical trials of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
competitors&rsquo; product candidates.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Patient
enrollment is also affected by other factors including:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">severity
                                         of the disease under investigation;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">availability
                                         and efficacy of approved medications for the disease under investigation;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">eligibility
                                         criteria for the study in question;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">perceived
                                         risks and benefits of the product candidate under study;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">efforts
                                         to facilitate timely enrollment in clinical trials;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">patient
                                         referral practices of physicians;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         ability to monitor patients adequately during and after treatment; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">proximity
                                         and availability of clinical trial sites for prospective patients.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Pharmaceuticals focuses its development activities on patients with rarer or more difficult to treat forms of cancer. As a result,
the potential patient populations for Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rsquo; clinical trials are narrowed, and Rafael Pharmaceuticals may
experience difficulties in identifying and enrolling a sufficient number of patients in Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rsquo; clinical
trials.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, other companies are conducting clinical trials, or may in the future conduct clinical trials, which may have similar
eligibility criteria as the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; current or future clinical trials and which could implicate
enrollment of patients and selection of clinical trial sites.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furthermore,
the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies rely on contract research organizations, or CROs, and clinical trial sites to ensure the
proper and timely conduct of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; clinical trials and while the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies have agreements governing their committed activities, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies have limited influence
over their actual performance. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; or their collaborators&rsquo; inability to enroll
a sufficient number of patients for the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; clinical trials would result in significant
delays or may require us to abandon one or more clinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies&rsquo; clinical trials may result in increased development costs for the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
product candidates, which would cause the value of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; to decline and limit the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies&rsquo; ability to obtain additional financing. The occurrence of any of these events would negatively impact
the value of our investments.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
serious adverse side effects or unexpected characteristics are identified during the development of the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies&rsquo; product candidates, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies may need to abandon or limit the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies&rsquo; development of some of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; lead product candidates are still in clinical stage development and their risk
of failure is high. It is impossible to predict when or if any of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates
will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive marketing approval. Adverse events or undesirable side effects caused by,
or other unexpected properties of, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates could cause us, any future
collaborators, an institutional review board or regulatory authorities to interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials of one or more
of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates and could result in a more restrictive label, or the delay
or denial of marketing approval by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities. If adverse effects were to arise in patients
being treated with any of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates, it could require them to halt, delay
or interrupt clinical trials of such product candidate or adversely affect the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; ability
to obtain requisite approvals to advance the development and commercialization of such product candidate. If any of the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates is associated with adverse events or undesirable side effects or has properties
that are unexpected, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies, or any future collaborators, may need to abandon development or
limit development of that product candidate to certain uses or subpopulations in which the undesirable side effects or other characteristics
are less prevalent, less severe or more acceptable from a risk-benefit perspective. Many compounds that initially show promise
in earlier stage testing for treating cancer, or other diseases have later been found to cause side effects that prevented further
development of the compound. If the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies are unable to develop any of their product candidates,
it would negatively impact the value of our investments.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Results
of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of results of future clinical trials.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim
results of clinical trials do not necessarily predict success in future clinical trials. Many companies in the pharmaceutical
and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in late-stage clinical trials after achieving positive results
in earlier development, and the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies could face similar setbacks. The design of a clinical trial
can determine whether its results will support approval of a product and flaws in the design of a clinical trial may not become
apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies have limited experience in designing
clinical trials and may be unable to design and execute a clinical trial to support marketing approval. In addition, preclinical
and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations and analyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates
performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtain marketing approval for the
product candidates. Even if the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies, or future collaborators, believe that the results of clinical
trials for the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates warrant marketing approval, the FDA or comparable
foreign regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
product candidates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same
product candidate due to numerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size
and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherence to the dosing regimen and other clinical trial protocols and the
rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. If the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies fail to receive positive results
in clinical trials of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates, the development timeline and regulatory
approval and commercialization prospects for the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; most advanced product candidates,
and, correspondingly, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; business and financial prospects would be negatively impacted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies may expend their limited resources to pursue a particular product candidate or indication
and fail to capitalize on product candidates or indications that may be more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood
of success.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Because
the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies have limited financial and managerial resources, their focus on research programs and
product candidates that they may or will identify for specific indications. As a result, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies
may forego or delay pursuit of opportunities with other product candidates or for other indications that later prove to have greater
commercial potential. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; resource allocation decisions may cause them to fail to capitalize
on viable commercial medicines or profitable market opportunities. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; spending on
current and future research and development programs and product candidates for specific indications may not yield any commercially
viable medicines. If the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies do not accurately evaluate the commercial potential or target market
for a particular product candidate, they may relinquish valuable rights to that product candidate through collaboration, licensing
or other royalty arrangements in cases in which it would have been more advantageous for them to retain sole development and commercialization
rights to such product candidate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies have never obtained marketing approval for a product candidate and may be unable to obtain,
or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approval for any of their product candidates.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies have never obtained marketing approval for a product candidate. It is possible that the FDA
or foreign regulatory authorities may refuse to accept for substantive review, any NDAs that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies
submit or may conclude after review of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; data that the relevant application is insufficient
to obtain marketing approval of the relevant product candidates. If the FDA, or foreign regulatory authorities, does not accept
or approve the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; NDAs for any of their product candidates, those authorities may require
that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies conduct additional clinical trials, preclinical studies or manufacturing validation
studies and submit that data before they will reconsider the applications. Depending on the extent of these or any other FDA-required
trials or studies, approval of any NDA or application that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies submit may be delayed by several
years, or may require them to expend more resources than they have available. It is also possible that additional trials or studies,
if performed and completed, may not be considered sufficient by the FDA to approve the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
NDAs. Any delay in obtaining, or an inability to obtain, marketing approvals would prevent commercialization of the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates, generating revenue and achieving and sustaining profitability. If any of these
outcomes occur, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies may be forced to abandon their development efforts, which could significantly
harm the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; business and the value of our investments.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Even
if any of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates receives marketing approval, the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies or others may later discover that the product is less effective than previously believed or causes undesirable side
effects that were not previously identified, which could compromise the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; ability, or
that of any future collaborators, to market the product.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Clinical
trials of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates are conducted in carefully defined sets of patients
who have agreed to enter into clinical trials. Consequently, it is possible that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
clinical trials, or those of any future collaborator, may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is
greater than the actual positive effect, if any, or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval
of a product candidate, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies, or others, discover that the product is less effective than previously
believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">regulatory
                                         authorities may withdraw their approval of the product or seize the product;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         Pharmaceutical Investment Companies, or any future collaborators, may be required to
                                         recall the product, change the way the product is administered or conduct additional
                                         clinical trials;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">additional
                                         restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for,
                                         the particular product;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         Pharmaceutical Investment Companies may be subject to government fines, seizures, injunctions
                                         or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">regulatory
                                         authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a &ldquo;black box&rdquo;
                                         warning or a contraindication;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         Pharmaceutical Investment Companies, or any future collaborators, may be required to
                                         create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects
                                         for distribution to patients;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         Pharmaceutical Investment Companies, or any future collaborators, could be sued and held
                                         liable for harm caused to patients;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         product may become less competitive; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; reputation may suffer.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Should
any of these events occur, the value of our pharmaceutical investments may be negatively impacted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Even
if any of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve
the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, healthcare payors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial
success.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
any of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates receive marketing approval, they may nonetheless fail
to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, healthcare payors and others in the medical community. For example,
current cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy are well established in the medical community, and doctors may
continue to rely on these treatments. If the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates do not achieve an adequate
level of acceptance, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies may not generate significant product revenue and may not become profitable.
The degree of market acceptance of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates, if approved for commercial
sale, will depend on a number of factors, including:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">efficacy
                                         and potential advantages compared to alternative treatments;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         approval, availability, market acceptance and reimbursement for the companion diagnostic;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         ability to offer the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; medicines for sale at
                                         competitive prices;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">convenience
                                         and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         willingness of the target patient population to try new therapies and of physicians to
                                         prescribe these therapies;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ensuring
                                         uninterrupted product supply;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         strength of marketing and distribution support;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">sufficient
                                         third-party coverage or reimbursement; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         prevalence and severity of any side effects.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
failure to achieve market acceptance could significantly harm the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; business and the
value of our investments.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If,
in the future, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities or enter into
agreements with third parties to sell and market the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates, the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies may not be successful in commercializing their product candidates if and when they are approved.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies do not have a sales or marketing infrastructure and have little experience in the sale, marketing
or distribution of pharmaceutical products. To achieve commercial success for any approved medicine for which the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies retain sales and marketing responsibilities, they must either develop a sales and marketing organization
or outsource these functions to other third parties. In the future, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies may choose to build
a focused sales and marketing infrastructure to sell, or participate in sales activities with their collaborators for, some of
the their product candidates if and when they are approved.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
are risks involved with both establishing the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; own sales and marketing capabilities
and entering into arrangements with third parties to perform these services. For example, recruiting and training a sales force
is expensive and time consuming and could delay any product launch. If the commercial launch of a product candidate for which
the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies recruit a sales force and establishes marketing capabilities is delayed or does not occur
for any reason, they would have prematurely or unnecessarily incurred these commercialization expenses. This may be costly, and
our investment would be lost if the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies cannot retain or reposition their sales and marketing
personnel.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Factors
that may inhibit the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; efforts to commercialize their medicines on their own include:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; inability to recruit and retain adequate numbers
                                         of effective sales and marketing personnel;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         inability of sales personnel to obtain access to physicians or persuade adequate numbers
                                         of physicians to prescribe any future medicines;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         lack of complementary medicines to be offered by sales personnel, which may put them
                                         at a competitive disadvantage relative to companies with more extensive product lines;
                                         and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">unforeseen
                                         costs and expenses associated with creating an independent sales and marketing organization.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies enter into arrangements with third parties to perform sales, marketing and distribution
services, their product revenue or the profitability of product revenue to them are likely to be lower than if the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies were to market and sell any medicines that they develop themselves. In addition, the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies may not be successful in entering into arrangements with third parties to sell and market their product candidates or
may be unable to do so on terms that are favorable. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies likely will have little control over
such third parties, and any of them may fail to devote the necessary resources and attention to sell and market the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies&rsquo; medicines effectively. If the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies do not establish sales and marketing
capabilities successfully, either on their own or in collaboration with third parties, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies
will not be successful in commercializing their product candidates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies face substantial competition, which may result in others discovering, developing or commercializing
products before or more successfully than they do.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies face competition
with respect to their current product candidates, and the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies and their collaborators will face
competition with respect to any product candidates that they or their collaborators may seek to develop or commercialize in the
future, from major pharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide. There are
a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that currently market and sell products or are pursuing the development
of products for the treatment of the disease indications for which the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies are developing their
product candidates, such as pancreatic cancer, and, acute myelogenous leukemia amongst others. Some of these competitive products
and therapies are based on scientific approaches that are similar to the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; approach.
Potential competitors also include academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private research organizations
that conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangements for research, development, manufacturing
and commercialization.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies are developing most of their initial product candidates for the treatment of cancer. There
are a variety of available drug therapies marketed for cancer. In many cases, these drugs are administered in combination to enhance
efficacy, and cancer drugs are frequently prescribed off-label by healthcare professionals. Some of the currently approved drug
therapies are branded and subject to patent protection, and others are available on a generic basis. Many of these approved drugs
are well established therapies and are widely accepted by physicians, patients and third-party payors. Insurers and other third-party
payors may also encourage the use of generic products. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies expect that if their product candidates
are approved, they will be priced at a significant premium over competitive generic products. This may make it difficult for them
to achieve their business strategy of using their product candidates in combination with existing therapies or replacing existing
therapies with their product candidates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Pharmaceutical is focused on an area known as cancer metabolism and there are also a number of product candidates in preclinical
or clinical development by third parties to treat cancer by targeting cancer metabolism. These companies include large pharmaceutical
companies, including, but not limited to, AstraZeneca plc, Eli Lilly and Company, Roche Holdings Inc. and its subsidiary Genentech,
Inc., GlaxoSmithKline plc, Merck&nbsp;&amp; Co., Novartis, Pfizer, Inc., and Genzyme, a Sanofi company. There are also biotechnology
companies of various sizes that are developing therapies to target cancer metabolism, including, but not limited to, 3V Biosciences,
Threshold Pharmaceuticals, Eleison Pharmaceuticals, Forma Therapeutics, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., BioMarin Pharmaceutical
Inc., Calithera Biosciences, Inc., Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Forma Therapeutics Holdings LLC, Shire Biochem Inc., Raze Therapeutics,
Inc. and Selvita S.A.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lipomedix
faces competition from (i) other liposome and nanomedicine products in solid tumors (for example, Doxil (Janssen), Onivyde (Ipsen),
Abraxane (Celgene)); (ii) other non-liposomal chemotherapeutic drugs in gastrointestinal malignancies recently developed or under
development (for example, TAS-102 (Taiho) in colorectal cancer); (iii) biological therapy (including small molecule kinase inhibitors)
recently developed or under development for colon cancer (for example Regorafenib (Bayer)); and (iv) immunotherapy approaches
in gastrointestinal malignancies (for example Merck USA), antibodies and/or vaccinations; and (v) other large companies such as
Roche.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; competitors may develop products that are more effective, safer, more convenient or
less costly than any that they are developing or that would render their product candidates obsolete or non-competitive. In addition,
the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; competitors may discover biomarkers that more efficiently measure metabolic pathways
than the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; methods, which may give them a competitive advantage in developing potential
products. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; competitors may also obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other
regulatory authorities for their products more rapidly than the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies may obtain approval, which
could result in the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; competitors establishing a strong market position before they are
able to enter the market.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Many
of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; competitors have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in
research and development, manufacturing, preclinical testing, conducting clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing
approved products than the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies do. Mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology
industries may result in even more resources being concentrated among a smaller number of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
competitors. Smaller and other clinical stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative
arrangements with large and established companies. These third parties compete with the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel, establishing clinical trial sites and patient registration
for clinical trials, as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to, or necessary for, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
programs.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Even
if the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies or their collaborators are able to commercialize any product candidates, such products
may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, third-party reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives, which
would harm the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; business.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
commercial success of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically
and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates will be paid
by third-party payors, including government health administration authorities and private health coverage insurers. If coverage
and reimbursement is not available, or reimbursement is available only to limited levels, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies,
or any future collaborators, may not be able to successfully commercialize the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product
candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approved reimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us, or any future
collaborators, to establish or maintain pricing sufficient to realize a sufficient return on the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
or their investments. In the United States, no uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement for products exists among third-party
payors and coverage and reimbursement for products can differ significantly from payor to payor. As a result, the coverage determination
process is often a time-consuming and costly process that will require the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; to provide
scientific and clinical support for the use of their products to each payor separately, with no assurance that coverage and adequate
reimbursement will be applied consistently or obtained in the first instance.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
is significant uncertainty related to third-party payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals,
pricing and reimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale
price of a drug before it can be marketed. In many countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing
approval is granted. In some foreign markets, prescription pharmaceutical pricing remains subject to continuing governmental control
even after initial approval is granted. As a result, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies, or any future collaborators, might
obtain marketing approval for a product in a particular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial
launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negatively impact the revenue the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies&rsquo; ability or the ability of any future collaborators to recoup the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
or their investment in one or more product candidates, even if the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates
obtain marketing approval.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Patients
who are provided medical treatment for their conditions generally rely on third-party payors to reimburse all or part of the costs
associated with their treatment. Therefore, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; ability, and the ability of any future
collaborators, to commercialize any of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates will depend in part on
the extent to which coverage and reimbursement for these products and related treatments will be available from third-party payors.
Third-party payors decide which medications they will cover and establish reimbursement levels. The healthcare industry is acutely
focused on cost containment, both in the United States and elsewhere. Government authorities and other third-party payors have
attempted to control costs by limiting coverage and the amount of reimbursement for particular medications, which could affect
the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; ability or that of any future collaborators to sell the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies&rsquo; product candidates profitably. These payors may not view the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; products,
if any, as cost-effective, and coverage and reimbursement may not be available to the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
customers, or those of any future collaborators, or may not be sufficient to allow the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
products, if any, to be marketed on a competitive basis. Cost-control initiatives could cause us, or any future collaborators,
to decrease the price the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies, or they, might establish for products, which could result in lower
than anticipated product revenue. If the prices for the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; products, if any, decrease
or if governmental and other third-party payors do not provide coverage or adequate reimbursement, the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies&rsquo; prospects for revenue and profitability will suffer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
may also be delays in obtaining coverage and reimbursement for newly approved drugs, and coverage may be more limited than the
indications for which the drug is approved by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities. Moreover, eligibility for
reimbursement does not imply that any drug will be paid for in all cases or at a rate that covers the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies&rsquo; costs, including research, development, manufacture, sale and distribution. Reimbursement rates may vary, by
way of example, according to the use of the product and the clinical setting in which it is used. Reimbursement rates may also
be based on reimbursement levels already set for lower cost drugs or may be incorporated into existing payments for other services.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, increasingly, third-party payors are requiring higher levels of evidence of the benefits and clinical outcomes of new
technologies and are challenging the prices charged. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies cannot be sure that coverage will
be available for any product candidate that they, or any future collaborator, commercializes and, if available, that the reimbursement
rates will be adequate. Further, the net reimbursement for drug products may be subject to additional reductions if there are
changes to laws that presently restrict imports of drugs from countries where they may be sold at lower prices than in the United
States. An inability to promptly obtain coverage and adequate payment rates from both government-funded and private payors for
any of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates for which they, or any future collaborator, obtain marketing
approval could significantly harm the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; operating results, the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies&rsquo; ability to raise capital needed to commercialize products and the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
overall financial condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Product
liability lawsuits against the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies or their collaborators could cause substantial liabilities
and could limit commercialization of any medicines that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies or their collaborators may develop.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies and their collaborators face an inherent risk of product liability exposure related to the
testing of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates in human clinical trials and will face an even greater
risk if the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies or they commercially sell any medicines that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies
or they may develop. If the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies or their collaborators cannot successfully defend ourselves or
themselves against claims that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates or medicines caused injuries,
the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies could incur substantial liabilities. Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, liability
claims may result in:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">decreased
                                         demand for any product candidates or medicines that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies
                                         may develop;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">injury
                                         to the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; reputation and significant negative
                                         media attention;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">withdrawal
                                         of clinical trial participants;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">significant
                                         costs to defend the related litigation;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">substantial
                                         monetary awards to trial participants or patients;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">loss
                                         of revenue;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">reduced
                                         resources of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; management to pursue the
                                         Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; business strategy; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         inability to commercialize any medicines that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies
                                         may develop.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Although
the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies maintain product liability insurance coverage, it may not be adequate to cover all liabilities
that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies may incur. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies anticipate that they will need
to increase their insurance coverage when the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies continues clinical trials and if the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies successfully commercializes any medicine. Insurance coverage is increasingly expensive. The Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or in an amount adequate to satisfy any
liability that may arise. In addition, if one of their collaboration partners were to become subject to product liability claims
or were unable to successfully defend themselves against such claims, any such collaboration partner could be more likely to terminate
such relationships and therefore substantially limit the commercial potential of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
products.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies fail to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, they could
become subject to fines or penalties or incur costs that could have a material adverse effect on the success of their businesses.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies are subject to numerous environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including those
governing laboratory procedures and the handling, use, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes. The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; operations involve the use of hazardous and flammable materials, including chemicals
and biological and radioactive materials. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; operations also produce hazardous waste
products. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies generally contract with third parties for the disposal of these materials and
wastes. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies cannot eliminate the risk of contamination or injury from these materials. In
the event of contamination or injury resulting from their use of hazardous materials, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies
could be held liable for any resulting damages, and any liability could exceed their resources. The Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies also could incur significant costs associated with civil or criminal fines and penalties.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Although
the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies maintain workers&rsquo; compensation insurance to cover them for costs and expenses they
may incur due to injuries to their employees resulting from the use of hazardous materials, this insurance may not provide adequate
coverage against potential liabilities. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies do not maintain insurance for environmental liability
or toxic tort claims that may be asserted against them in connection with their storage or disposal of biological, hazardous or
radioactive materials.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies may incur substantial costs in order to comply with current or future environmental,
health and safety laws and regulations. These current or future laws and regulations may impair the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies&rsquo; research, development or production efforts. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations also may result
in substantial fines, penalties or other sanctions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies rely significantly on information technology and any failure, inadequacy, interruption or
security lapse of that technology, including any cyber security incidents, could harm the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
ability to operate their businesses effectively.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Despite
the implementation of security measures, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; internal computer systems and those of
third parties with which the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies contract are vulnerable to damage from cyber-attacks, computer
viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. System failures,
accidents or security breaches could cause interruptions in the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; operations, and could
result in a material disruption of their clinical and commercialization activities and business operations, in addition to possibly
requiring substantial expenditures of resources to remedy. The loss of clinical trial data could result in delays in the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies&rsquo; regulatory approval efforts and significantly increase their costs to recover or reproduce the data.
To the extent that any disruption or security breach were to result in a loss of, or damage to, the Pharmaceutical Investment
Companies&rsquo; data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies could incur liability and their product research, development and commercialization efforts could be delayed.</FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Even
if the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies complete the necessary preclinical studies and clinical trials, the marketing approval
process is expensive, time-consuming and uncertain and may prevent them from obtaining approvals for the commercialization of
some or all of our product candidates. If the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies or their collaborators are not able to obtain,
or if there are delays in obtaining, required regulatory approvals, they will not be able to commercialize, or will be delayed
in commercializing, their product candidates, and their ability to generate revenue will be materially impaired.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates and the activities associated with their development and commercialization,
including their design, testing, manufacture, safety, efficacy, recordkeeping, labeling, storage, approval, advertising, promotion,
sale and distribution, export and import, are subject to comprehensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory agencies in
the United States and by the EMA and comparable regulatory authorities in other countries. Failure to obtain marketing approval
for a product candidate will prevent us from commercializing the product candidate. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies and
their collaborators have not received approval to market any of our product candidates from regulatory authorities in any jurisdiction.
The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies have only limited experience in filing and supporting the applications necessary to gain
marketing approvals and expects to rely on third-party contract research organizations to assist in this process.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securing
marketing approval requires the submission of extensive preclinical and clinical data and supporting information to the various
regulatory authorities for each therapeutic indication to establish the product candidate&rsquo;s safety and efficacy. Securing
regulatory approval also requires the submission of information about the product manufacturing process to, and inspection of
manufacturing facilities by, the relevant regulatory authority. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product candidates
may not be effective, may be only moderately effective or may prove to have undesirable or unintended side effects, toxicities
or other characteristics that may preclude the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies obtaining marketing approval or prevent or
limit commercial use.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
process of obtaining marketing approvals, both in the United States and abroad, is expensive, may take many years if additional
clinical trials are required, if approval is obtained at all, and can vary substantially based upon a variety of factors, including
the type, complexity and novelty of the product candidates involved. Changes in marketing approval policies during the development
period, changes in or the enactment of additional statutes or regulations, or changes in regulatory review for each submitted
product application, may cause delays in the approval or rejection of an application. The FDA and comparable authorities in other
countries have substantial discretion in the approval process and may refuse to accept any application or may decide that our
data is insufficient for approval and require additional preclinical, clinical or other studies. In addition, varying interpretations
of the data obtained from preclinical and clinical testing could delay, limit or prevent marketing approval of a product candidate.
Any marketing approval the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies or their collaborators ultimately obtain may be limited or subject
to restrictions or post-approval commitments that render the approved medicine not commercially viable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accordingly,
if the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies or their collaborators experience delays in obtaining approval or if the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies or they fail to obtain approval of their product candidates, the commercial prospects for their product candidates
may be harmed and their ability to generate any revenue will be materially impaired.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Current
and future legislation may increase the difficulty and cost for the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies and any future collaborators
to obtain marketing approval of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; other product candidates and affect the prices
obtained.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the United States and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes and proposed
changes regarding the healthcare system that could, among other things, prevent or delay marketing approval of the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies&rsquo; other product candidates, restrict or regulate post-approval activities and affect the Pharmaceutical
Investment Companies&rsquo; ability, or the ability of any future collaborators, to profitably sell any products for which the
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies, or they, obtain marketing approval. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies expects that
current laws, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorous coverage
criteria and additional downward pressure on the price that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies, or any future collaborators,
may receive for any approved products.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
example, in March 2010, President Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health
Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act, or collectively the PPACA. Among the provisions of the PPACA of potential
importance to the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; business and the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; product
candidates are the following:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">an
                                         annual, non-deductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded
                                         prescription drugs and biologic agents;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">an
                                         increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid
                                         Drug Rebate Program;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
                                         new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate
                                         Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled, infused, instilled, implanted or injected;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">expansion
                                         of healthcare fraud and abuse laws, including the civil False Claims Act and the federal
                                         Anti-Kickback Statute, new government investigative powers and enhanced penalties for
                                         noncompliance;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
                                         new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree
                                         to offer 50% point-of-sale discounts off negotiated prices of applicable brand drugs
                                         to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for the manufacturer&rsquo;s
                                         outpatient drugs to be covered under Medicare Part D;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">extension
                                         of manufacturers&rsquo; Medicaid rebate liability to individuals enrolled in Medicaid
                                         managed care organizations;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">expansion
                                         of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">expansion
                                         of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical
                                         pricing program;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">new
                                         requirements to report certain financial arrangements with physicians and teaching hospitals;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
                                         new requirement to annually report drug samples that manufacturers and distributors provide
                                         to physicians;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
                                         new Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in,
                                         and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, along with funding for such
                                         research;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
                                         new Independent Payment Advisory Board, or IPAB, which has authority to recommend certain
                                         changes to the Medicare program to reduce expenditures by the program that could result
                                         in reduced payments for prescription drugs; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
                                         Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation within CMS to test innovative payment and
                                         service delivery models.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the PPACA was enacted. These changes include the Budget Control Act of
2011, which, among other things, led to aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2%&nbsp;per fiscal year
that started in 2013 and, due to subsequent legislation, will continue until 2025. In addition, the American Taxpayer Relief Act
of 2012, among other things, reduced Medicare payments to several providers and increased the statute of limitations period for
the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. These new laws may result in additional reductions
in Medicare and other healthcare funding and may otherwise affect the prices the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies may obtain
for any of their product candidates for which regulatory approval is obtained.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies expect that the PPACA, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in
the future, may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, more rigorous coverage criteria, new
payment methodologies and additional downward pressure on the price that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies receive for any
approved product. Any reduction in reimbursement from Medicare or other government programs may result in a similar reduction
in payments from private payors. The implementation of cost containment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from
being able to generate revenue, attain profitability, or commercialize our medicines. Moreover, legislative and regulatory proposals
have been made to expand post-approval requirements and restrict sales and promotional activities for pharmaceutical products.
They cannot be sure whether additional legislative changes will be enacted, or whether the FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations
will be changed, or what the impact of such changes on the marketing approvals of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo;
product candidates, if any, may be. In addition, increased scrutiny by the U.S. Congress of the FDA&rsquo;s approval process may
significantly delay or prevent marketing approval, as well as subject the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies&rsquo; and any future
collaborators to more stringent product labeling and post-marketing testing and other requirements. Similar acts imposed by other
countries may adversely affect the Company.</FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Risk
Related to Business Generally </U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
reporting requirements associated with our being a public company could subject us to significant expenses.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a result of the spin-off, we will become a public reporting company and will be required to file with the Securities and Exchange
Commission reports required by the Exchange Act of 1934. Specifically, among other requirements, we will need to file quarterly
reports on Form 10-Q, annual reports on Form 10-K and under some circumstances, current reports on Form 8-K, in accordance with
strict timelines. We will also be required to file annual proxy materials. In addition, as part of those filings, we will be required
to provide annual audited financial statements. Also, we will need to establish an internal audit function. We anticipate that
compliance with such requirements will significantly increase our legal and accounting costs and will demand significant attention
from management. The resources and time required to comply with rules applicable to public companies could divert financial and
human resources from focusing on our business, and we can provide no assurance that the benefits of our being public outweigh
the disadvantages and costs associated with compliance. We currently anticipate our total costs to be between $2,000,000 to $2,300,000
a year as a result of being a public reporting company. &nbsp;Several of the costs included in this estimated range are preliminary,
subject to negotiation, and may vary from the estimates when finalized.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may be unable to accurately report our results
of operations, meet our reporting obligations or prevent fraud.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 26.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon
the completion of the spin-off, we will become a public company in the United States subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Under Section&nbsp;404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section&nbsp;404, a newly public company is not required to comply
with either the management or the auditor reporting requirements related to internal control over financial reporting until its
second annual report, if applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 26.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Further,
we intend to qualify as an &ldquo;emerging growth company&rdquo; as defined in the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012,
or the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of reduced reporting and other burdens that are otherwise applicable
generally to public companies. These provisions include:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 26.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">an
                                         extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable
                                         to public companies; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">an
                                         exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal
                                         control over financial reporting pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 26.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may take advantage of these provisions until the end of the fiscal year ending after the fifth anniversary of our initial registration
statement filed related to our spin-off from IDT, or such earlier time that we are no longer an emerging growth company and, if
we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might receive from other public companies in which
you hold equity. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1.0 billion in annual revenue, have more
than $700 million in market value of our shares of common stock held by non-affiliates, or issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible
debt over a three-year period.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 26.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, if we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, as an accelerated filer, our independent registered public accounting
firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our management may conclude
that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective. Moreover, even if our management concludes that our internal
control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm, after conducting its own independent
testing, may issue a report that is qualified if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls
are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us. In addition,
after we become a public company, our reporting obligations may place a significant strain on our management, operational and
financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future. We may be unable to timely complete our evaluation testing and any
required remediation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 26.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During
the course of documenting and testing our internal control procedures, in order to satisfy the requirements of Section&nbsp;404,
we may identify other weaknesses and deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, if we fail to
maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, as these standards are modified, supplemented or amended
from time to time, we may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting
in accordance with Section&nbsp;404. If we fail to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment, we could suffer
material misstatements in our financial statements and fail to meet our reporting obligations, which would likely cause investors
to lose confidence in our reported financial information. This could in turn limit our access to capital markets, harm our results
of operations, and lead to a decline in the trading price of our stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 26.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 26.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 26.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Additionally,
ineffective internal control over financial reporting could expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets
and subject us to potential delisting from the stock exchange on which we list, regulatory investigations and civil or criminal
sanctions. We may also be required to restate our financial statements from prior periods.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 26.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>There
may not be an active trading market for shares of our Class B common stock and stockholders may find it difficult to transfer
our securities.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior
to the spin-off, there is no public trading market for shares of our common stock. We have been authorize to list our Class B
common stock for trading on the NYSE American under the symbol &ldquo;RFL,&rdquo; subject to our being in compliance with applicable
requirements on the date of the spin-off.&nbsp; We intend to satisfy all the requirements for that listing. We cannot predict
the extent to which investor interest in us will lead to the development of an active trading market in our common stock, how
liquid such a market might become, or, as to the price at which our Class B common stock will trade. The initial share price of
our Class B common stock may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in any future trading market.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, because of the significant changes that will take place as a result of the spin-off, the trading market for our Class
B common stock and IDT&rsquo;s Class B common stock after the spin-off may be significantly different from that for IDT&rsquo;s
Class B common stock prior to the spin-off.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
cannot predict the price range or volatility of our Class B common stock after it is listed, and sales of a substantial number
of shares of our Class B common stock may adversely affect the market price of our Class B common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Investors
may suffer dilution.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may engage in equity financing to fund our future operations and growth.&nbsp;&nbsp;If we raise additional funds by issuing equity
securities, stockholders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interest (both with respect to the percentage
of total securities held, and with respect to the book value of their securities) and such securities may have rights senior to
those of the holders of our common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
are controlled by our principal stockholder, which limits the ability of other stockholders to affect the management of the Company.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Following
the spin-off, Howard S. Jonas will control a majority of the voting power of our capital stock and will serve as Chairman of our
Board of Directors and our Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Jonas will have voting power over 787,163 shares of our Class&nbsp;A common
stock (which are convertible into shares of our Class B common stock on a 1-for-1 basis) and 1,863,213 shares of our Class&nbsp;B
common stock, representing approximately 70.9% of the combined voting power of our outstanding capital stock. Mr.&nbsp;Jonas will
be able to control matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of all of the directors and the approval
of significant corporate matters, including any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. As a
result, the ability of any of our other stockholders to influence our management is limited.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
relationships between Howard S. Jonas and IDT Corporation, Genie Energy and Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Inc. could conflict with our
stockholders&rsquo; interests. </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Following
the spin-off, Howard S. Jonas will be our controlling stockholder, Chairman of our Board of Directors and our Chief Executive
Officer. Mr. Jonas is also the chairman and controlling stockholder of IDT Corporation, chairman of the board and controlling
stockholder of Genie and is chairman of the board of Rafael Pharmaceuticals and holds certain direct and indirect interests in
Rafael Pharmaceuticals in addition to his interests through ownership of our common stock. These relationships may cause a conflict
of interest with our stockholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior
to and after the spin-off, several members of our executive management team are serving as officers of IDT.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
light of the foregoing roles and relationships, the Separation and Distribution Agreement, the Tax Separation Agreement and Transition
Services Agreement will not result from arm&rsquo;s length negotiations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
intend to exercise our option for the &ldquo;controlled company&rdquo; exemption under NYSE American rules with respect to our
Nominating Committee.&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Following
the spin-off, we will be a &ldquo;controlled company&rdquo; as defined in section 801(a) of the NYSE American Company Guide because
more than 50% of the combined voting power of all of our outstanding common stock will be beneficially owned by a single stockholder.
As a &ldquo;controlled company,&rdquo; we will be exempt from certain NYSE American rules requiring a board of directors with
a majority of independent members, a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors and a nominating committee
composed entirely of independent directors. These independence standards are intended to ensure that directors who meet those
standards are free of any conflicting interest that could influence their actions as directors. We intend to apply this &ldquo;controlled
company&rdquo; exemption for our corporate governance practices only with respect to the independence requirements of our Nominating
Committee. Accordingly, with respect to our Nominating Committee you will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders
of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE American, and if we were to apply the
controlled company exemption to other independence requirements, you would not have the protection afforded by those requirements
either.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
have limited resources and could find it difficult to raise additional capital.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a result of the spin-off, we will be independent from IDT.&nbsp;We have no operating history as an independent company, and no
current sources of financing. Any financing formerly provided to any of our businesses by IDT will no longer be available. We
may need to raise additional capital in order for stockholders to realize increased value on our securities. Given the current
global economy, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain the necessary funding on commercially reasonable terms
in a timely fashion. Failure to receive the funding could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, and financial
condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
hold a warrant to purchase a significant stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, as well as other equity and governance rights in Rafael
Pharmaceuticals, which we can&rsquo;t exercise, in full, at this time and may never be able to exercise.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the date hereof and based on the current shares issued and outstanding of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, we, and our affiliates that
hold interests in Rafael Pharmaceuticals would need to pay in the aggregate approximately $71 million to exercise the Warrant
in full and approximately $56 million to purchase a 51% controlling stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals. On an as-converted fully
diluted basis (for all convertible securities of Rafael Pharmaceuticals outstanding), we and our affiliates that hold interests
in Rafael Pharmaceuticals &nbsp;would need approximately $122 million to exercise the Warrant in full and approximately $98 million
to purchase a 51% controlling stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals as more fully discussed below on page 53.&nbsp; Following that exercise,
a portion of our interest in Rafael Pharmaceuticals would continue to be held for the benefit of the other equity holders in IDT-Rafael
Holdings and CS Pharma. Given the Company&rsquo;s anticipated available cash upon the spin-off, we would not be able to exercise
the warrant in its entirety and we may never be able to exercise the warrant in full.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
historical and pro forma financial information may not be indicative of our future results as an independent company.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
historical and pro forma financial information we have included in this Information Statement may not reflect what our results
of operations, financial position and cash flows would have been had we been an independent company during the periods presented
or be indicative of what our results of operations, financial position and cash flows may be in the future when we are an independent
company. Our pro forma information should not be assumed to be indicative of what our results of operations, cash flows or financial
condition actually would have been as a stand-alone public company nor to be a reliable indicator of what our results of operations,
cash flows and financial condition actually may be in the future.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Risks
Related to the Separation from IDT</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
combined post-separation value of IDT and Rafael common stock may not equal or exceed the pre-separation value of IDT common stock.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a result of the distribution, IDT expects the trading price of IDT common stock immediately following the distribution to be lower
than the &ldquo;regular-way&rdquo; trading price of such common stock immediately prior to the distribution because the trading
price will no longer reflect Rafael&rsquo;s value. The aggregate market value of the IDT common stock and Rafael common stock
following the separation may be higher or lower than the market value of IDT common stock immediately prior to the separation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
the spin-off were to fail to qualify as a reorganization for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Sections 368(a)(1)(D) and
355 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, our stockholders and/or IDT might be subject to significant tax liability.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the spin-off fails to qualify for tax-free treatment, IDT would be treated as if it had sold the common stock of our company for
its fair market value, resulting in a taxable gain to the extent of the excess of such fair market value over its tax basis in
our stock. In general, our initial public stockholders would be treated as if they had received a taxable distribution equal to
the fair market value of our common stock that was distributed to them. For additional information, see &ldquo;Material U.S. Federal
Income Tax Consequences of the Spin-Off&rdquo; beginning on page 31.<BR STYLE="clear: both"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I></I></B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>An
active trading market for our common stock may not develop.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior
to the spin-off, there has been no public market for our common stock. Although our Class B common stock has been approved for
listing on the NYSE American, an active trading market for our shares may never develop or be sustained following the spin-off.
If an active market for our common stock does not develop, it may be difficult to sell shares you receive in the spin-off without
depressing the market price for the shares or to sell your shares at all.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>The
trading price of the shares of our common stock is likely to be volatile, and purchasers of our common stock could incur substantial
losses.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
stock price is likely to be volatile. The stock market in general and the market for similarly situated companies in particular
have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. As a result
of this volatility, investors may not be able to sell their common stock at or above the price paid for the shares. The market
price for our common stock may be influenced by many factors, including:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">actual
                                         or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">changes
                                         in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our stock;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">conditions
                                         or trends in our industry;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">stock
                                         market price and volume fluctuations of other publicly traded companies and, in particular,
                                         those that operate in the real estate or pharmaceutical industries;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">announcements
                                         by us or our competitors of new product or service offerings, significant acquisitions,</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">strategic
                                         partnerships or divestitures;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">announcements
                                         of investigations or regulatory scrutiny of our operations or lawsuits filed against
                                         us;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">capital
                                         commitments;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">additions
                                         or departures of key personnel; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">sales
                                         of our common stock, including sales by our directors and officers or specific stockholders.
                                         In addition, in the past, stockholders have initiated class action lawsuits against companies
                                         following periods of volatility in the market prices of these companies&rsquo; stock. Such
                                         litigation, if instituted against us, could cause us to incur substantial costs and divert
                                         management&rsquo;s attention and resources.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>If
securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and
trading volume could decline.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
trading market for our common stock will rely in part on the research and reports that equity research analysts publish about
us and our business. We do not currently have and may never obtain research coverage by equity research analysts. Equity research
analysts may elect not to provide research coverage of our common stock after the completion of the spin-off, and such lack of
research coverage may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In the event we do have equity research analyst coverage,
we will not have any control over the analysts or the content and opinions included in their reports. The price of our stock could
decline if one or more equity research analysts downgrade our stock or issue other unfavorable commentary or research. If one
or more equity research analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock
could decrease, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
may not achieve some or all of the expected benefits of the separation, and the separation could harm our business.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may not be able to achieve the full strategic and financial benefits expected to result from the separation, or such benefits
may be delayed or not occur at all. The separation and distribution is expected to provide the following benefits, among others:
enhanced strategic and management focus; better ability to form strategic partnerships and relationships; faster decision-making;
more efficient allocation of capital; alignment of incentives with performance objectives; direct access to the capital markets;
and a distinct investment identity.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may not achieve these and other anticipated benefits for a variety of reasons, including, among others:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         separation will require significant amounts of management&rsquo;s time and effort, which
                                         may divert management&rsquo;s attention from operating and growing our business;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">following
                                         the separation, we may be more susceptible to market fluctuations and other adverse events
                                         than if we were still a part of IDT;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">following
                                         the separation, our business will be less diversified than IDT&rsquo;s business prior
                                         to the separation; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         other actions required to separate the respective businesses could disrupt our operations.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we fail to achieve some or all of the benefits expected to result from the separation, or if such benefits are delayed, our business
could be harmed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Our
limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our business and prospects and may increase your investment risk.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have only a limited operating history upon which you can evaluate our business and prospects. We expect to encounter risks and
difficulties frequently encountered by early-stage companies in the industries in which we operate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
of the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies product candidates are still in preclinical development. We have not yet demonstrated
our ability to initiate or successfully complete any clinical trials, including large-scale, pivotal clinical trials, obtain marketing
approvals, manufacture a commercial scale medicine, or arrange for a third party to do so on our behalf, or conduct sales and
marketing activities necessary for successful commercialization. Typically, it takes about ten to fifteen years to develop one
new medicine from the time it is discovered to when it is available for treating patients. Consequently, any predictions you make
about our future success or viability may not be as accurate as they could be if we had a longer operating history.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, as a new business in general, we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other known
and unknown factors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we do not successfully address these risks, our revenue could decline and our ability to pursue our growth strategy and attain
profitability could be compromised.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Risks
Related to Our Financial Condition</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>We
will hold significant cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments that are subject to various market risks.</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
will transfer assets to Rafael such that, at the time of the spin-off, we will have approximately $43.8 million in cash,
cash equivalents and liquid marketable securities, $1.2 million in current notes receivable, approximately $4.0 million in
interests in hedge funds and approximately $2.0 million in securities in another entity that are not liquid. The cash, cash
equivalents and marketable securities figures include $10 million currently held in a controlled entity of which we
will effectively be an effective 45% owner, at the time of the spin-off. Investments in marketable securities and hedge
funds carry a degree of risk, as there can be no assurance that we will be able to redeem any hedge fund investments at any
time or that our investment managers will be able to accurately predict the course of price movements of securities and
other instruments and, in general, the securities markets have in recent years been characterized by great volatility
and unpredictability. Our passive interests in other entities are not currently liquid and we cannot assure that they we will
be able to liquidate them when we desire, or ever. As a result of these different market risks, our holdings of cash,
cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments could be materially and adversely affected.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SPECIAL
NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Information Statement and other materials filed or to be filed by us and IDT, as well as information in oral statements or other
written statements made or to be made by us and IDT, contain statements, including in this document under the captions &ldquo;Summary,&rdquo;
&ldquo;Risk Factors,&rdquo; &ldquo;Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&rdquo;
and &ldquo;Business,&rdquo; that are, or may be considered to be, forward-looking statements. All statements that are not historical
facts, including statements about our beliefs or expectations, are forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking
statements by the use of forward-looking words such as &ldquo;outlook,&rdquo; &ldquo;believes,&rdquo; &ldquo;expects,&rdquo; &ldquo;potential,&rdquo;
&ldquo;continues,&rdquo; &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;should,&rdquo; &ldquo;seeks,&rdquo; &ldquo;approximately,&rdquo;
&ldquo;predicts,&rdquo; &ldquo;intends,&rdquo; &ldquo;plans,&rdquo; &ldquo;estimates,&rdquo; &ldquo;anticipates,&rdquo; &ldquo;foresees&rdquo;
or the negative version of those words or other comparable words and phrases. Any forward-looking statements contained in this
Information Statement are based upon our historical performance and on current plans, estimates and expectations. The inclusion
of this forward-looking information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the future plans,
estimates or expectations contemplated by us will be achieved.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that the factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially include but are not limited to the factors we
describe in this Information Statement, including under &ldquo;Risk Factors,&rdquo; &ldquo;The Spin-off&rdquo; and &ldquo;Management&rsquo;s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.&rdquo; The following list represents some, but not necessarily
all, of the factors that could cause actual results to differ from historical results or those anticipated or predicted by these
forward-looking statements:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fluctuations
                                         in our financial results;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Acts
                                         of terrorism or war;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">State
                                         of the real estate market</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Development
                                         of products</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Difficulty
                                         in developing, preserving and protecting our intellectual property;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Adequacy
                                         of our internal controls;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Loss
                                         of key management and other personnel;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                         ability to comply with laws governing our operations and industries;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Increases
                                         in tax liabilities;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Difficulty
                                         in implementing our business strategies;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Availability
                                         and access to financial and other resources;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Failure
                                         to qualify as a tax-free reorganization; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                         ability to obtain financing;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are
included in this Information Statement. If one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying
assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may vary materially from what we projected. Consequently, actual events and
results may vary significantly from those included in or contemplated or implied by our forward-looking statements. The forward-looking
statements included in this Information Statement are made only as of the date of this Information Statement, and we undertake
no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement made by us or on our behalf, whether as a result of new
information, future developments, subsequent events or circumstances or otherwise.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>THE
SPIN-OFF</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael&rsquo;s
businesses will focus on its real estate assets and investments in clinical and early stage pharmaceutical companies. After a
strategic review of IDT&rsquo;s operations and costs, IDT determined that separating Rafael&rsquo;s businesses from its other
operations would best facilitate the growth and exploitation of Rafael&rsquo;s position and presence under its own management
focus and long-term growth plans and allow Rafael to create more long-term value than to continue to have Rafael controlled by
IDT. In addition, by separating from the remaining IDT businesses, the separate entities may avoid exposure to the risks associated
with the other company&rsquo;s businesses.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
transaction is intended to be in the form of a tax-free distribution to IDT&rsquo;s stockholders. IDT&rsquo;s Board of Directors
established a record date of March 13, 2018 and established a distribution date for the spin-off.&nbsp;&nbsp;You should consult
your own tax advisor concerning the tax impact of the spin-off on you.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Reasons
for the Spin-Off</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT&rsquo;s
Board of Directors believes that the spin-off will allow Rafael to better focus on its strategic mission and that its prospects
will be better served as an independent entity. The spin-off will allow each of IDT and Rafael to better focus on their respective
operations and permit industry-centric activities, enhanced incentive compensation and other operational advantages. By creating
a separate entity with management focused on the Rafael businesses, we expect to unlock greater value in Rafael than was possible
as part of IDT.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Management
believes that separating Rafael from the remaining IDT businesses will allow management of each of IDT and Rafael to design and
implement corporate strategies and policies that are based solely on the business characteristics of that company and the industries
in which it competes, to maintain a sharper focus on core business and growth opportunities, and to concentrate its financial
resources wholly on its own operations. The companies will be able to reinvest the proceeds from their operations into their businesses,
find other ways to deploy those resources or distribute value to that company&rsquo;s shareholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Management
believes that Rafael as a smaller entity with fewer diverse business interests and focus on its real estate assets and investments
in clinical and early stage pharmaceutical companies will best position Rafael for continued growth. This structure will allow
Rafael to better position itself, create greater transparency, and facilitate its ability to prioritize opportunities that may
not align with IDT&rsquo;s core telecom and payments business priorities. Management believes that this will be better accomplished
as part of an independent Rafael and not as a controlled subsidiary of IDT. Because of the need of having management with complete
decision making authority to achieve the full strategic and financial benefits that they believe possible for Rafael, this is
not practicable in a non-taxable transaction that did not result in a full separation from IDT.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, IDT and Rafael also believe that management of Rafael may better be able to enhance the value of Rafael under the proposed
structure more so than was possible as part of IDT or as a standalone entity, due to Rafael&rsquo;s ability to attract talent
and new business partners.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
initially announced its intent to spin-off Rafael as part of larger strategic restructuring in August 2015.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
August 2015, the IDT Board of Directors determined that a spin-off of Rafael independent of the spin-off of the other proposed
entities, presented an opportunity to realize synergies from the overlap of the nature and approach to generate value from those
businesses and eliminate restrictions on those efforts that resulted from being part of IDT, and authorized the spin-off of Rafael
in its current form. The determination is based on the belief that it is the plan with the greatest likelihood of realizing the
greatest value to IDT shareholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 2, 2017, the IDT Board of Directors gave its final approval for the spin-off in the form described in this Information
Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT&rsquo;s
Board of Directors weighed the reasons for the spin-off and the other benefits the spin-off is expected to bring against the negative
impacts thereof, including the one-time costs of effecting the spin-off, the increased costs of maintaining IDT and Rafael as
separate public companies, the possibility of reduced liquidity in the market for the Rafael common stock as a smaller company
and the disruption on operations caused by the separation. The Board of Directors concluded that the reasons and benefits outweighed
the negative impacts and elected to proceed with the spin-off.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B></B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Other
Benefits of the Spin-Off</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Board of Directors of IDT considered the following potential benefits in making the determination to effect the spin-off:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reduce
                                         internal competition for capital. Instead of having limited access to resources, Rafael
                                         will now be able to invest its resources and cash flow exclusively into its business.
                                         In addition, it will have direct access to capital markets to allow it to seek to finance
                                         its operations and growth without having to compete with IDT&rsquo;s other businesses
                                         with respect to financing. As an independent entity, it will be in a position to pursue
                                         strategies our Board of Directors and management believe will create long-term stockholder
                                         value, including organic and acquisition growth opportunities, provided it continues
                                         to have access to capital.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Provide
                                         both companies heightened strategic flexibility to form strategic business alliances
                                         in their target markets, unencumbered by considerations of the potential impact on the
                                         other business.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Provide
                                         for a market for Rafael equity, including options and restricted shares, in order to
                                         provide the appropriate incentive mechanisms to motivate and reward its management and
                                         employees. The common stock of the independent, publicly-traded Rafael will have a value
                                         that reflects the efforts and performance of its management and employees. As a result,
                                         we will be able to develop better incentive programs to attract and retain key employees
                                         through the use of stock-based and performance-based incentive plans that more directly
                                         link their compensation with Rafael&rsquo;s financial performance. These programs will
                                         be designed to more directly reward employees based on Rafael&rsquo;s performance.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Allow
                                         Rafael to effect future acquisitions utilizing its common stock for all or part of the
                                         consideration and to issue a security more directly tied to the performance of its business.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Increase
                                         transparency and clarity into the different businesses of IDT and Rafael. The investment
                                         community will be better able to evaluate the merits and future prospects of each company.
                                         This will enhance the likelihood that each company will receive an appropriate market
                                         valuation.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Neither
Rafael nor IDT can assure you that, following the spin-off, any of these benefits will be realized to the extent anticipated or
at all. For a description of the factors that might impact our ability to achieve these benefits, see &ldquo;Risk Factors.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Negative
Factors</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
evaluating the spin-off, the IDT Board of Directors also considered a number of other factors that may have weighed against proceeding,
including:&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                         one-time costs of the spin-off, and the ongoing costs of having us operate as an independent
                                         public company, including legal, auditing and other costs of compliance with laws and
                                         regulations applicable to public companies, that are estimated to be between $2,000,000
                                         and $2,300,000 annually;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT&rsquo;s
                                         capital structure and the need to replicate that structure in Rafael;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                         possibility that disruptions in normal business may result, including as we are compelled
                                         to independently perform functions that previously were provided by IDT;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                         risk that the combined trading prices of our common stock and IDT common stock after
                                         the distribution may be lower than the trading price of IDT common stock before the distribution;
                                         and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
                                         Telecom&rsquo;s need for capital to support its business.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT&rsquo;s
Board of Directors concluded, however, that the potential long-term benefits of the spin-off outweigh these factors, and that
separating us from IDT in the form of a tax-free distribution is appropriate and advisable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Manner
of Effecting the Spin-Off</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
general terms and conditions relating to the spin-off are set forth in the Separation and Distribution Agreement between us and
IDT. The spin-off will be effective at 11:59 p.m., New York City time on the distribution date, which is March 26, 2018. As a
result of the spin-off, each IDT stockholder will receive one share of our Class A common stock for every two shares of IDT Class
A common stock and one share of our Class B common stock for every two shares of IDT Class B common stock held as of the record
date. The distribution agent will first convert shares of our Class A common stock into Class B common stock and then aggregate
fractional shares of our Class B common stock into whole shares, sell the respective whole shares in the open market at prevailing
market prices and distribute the aggregate net cash proceeds of the respective sales pro rata to each holder of our Class A common
stock and Class B common stock, respectively, who otherwise would have been entitled to receive a fractional share in the distribution.
Recipients of cash in lieu of fractional shares will not be entitled to any interest on the amounts of payment made in lieu of
fractional shares. The receipt of cash in lieu of fractional shares generally will be taxable to the recipient stockholders as
described in &ldquo;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Spin-Off&rdquo; beginning on page 31. In order to be
entitled to receive shares of our common stock in the spin-off, IDT stockholders must have been stockholders as of the record
date. The distribution of shares of our Class B common stock will be paid in book-entry form and physical stock certificates will
be issued only to holders of our Class A common stock and, upon request, to holders of our Class B common stock. Each share of
our Class A common stock and Class B common stock that is distributed will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and
free of preemptive rights. See &ldquo;Description of Our Capital Stock&rdquo; beginning on page 79.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
stockholders will not be required to pay for shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock received in the spin-off
or to surrender or exchange shares of IDT Class A common stock and/or Class B common stock in order to receive our common stock
or to take any other action in connection with the spin-off. No vote of IDT stockholders is required or sought in connection with
the spin-off, and IDT stockholders will have no appraisal rights in connection with the spin-off.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
any stockholder of IDT on the record date sells shares of IDT common stock after the record date but on or before the spin-off
date, the buyer of those shares, and not the seller, will become entitled to receive the shares of our common stock issuable in
respect of the shares sold. See &ldquo;Trading Between the Record Date and Spin-Off Date&rdquo; below for more information.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Trading
Between the Record Date and Distribution Date</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Beginning
on the day before the record date and continuing up to and including through the distribution date, there were two markets in
IDT Class B common stock: a &ldquo;regular-way&rdquo; market and an &ldquo;ex-distribution&rdquo; market. Shares of IDT Class
B common stock that trade on the regular-way market traded with an entitlement to receive shares of Rafael Class B common stock
to be distributed in the distribution. Shares that trade on the ex-distribution market traded without an entitlement to receive
shares of Rafael Class B common stock to be distributed in the distribution. Therefore, if you sold shares of IDT Class B common
stock in the &ldquo;regular-way&rdquo; market after the close of business on the record date and up to and including through the
distribution date, you sold your right to receive shares of Rafael Class B common stock in the distribution. If you own shares
of IDT Class B common stock at the close of business on the record date and sold those shares on the &ldquo;ex-distribution&rdquo;
market, up to and including through the distribution date, you will still receive the shares of Rafael Class B common stock that
you would be entitled to receive pursuant to your ownership of the shares of IDT Class B common stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furthermore,
beginning on or shortly before the record date and continuing up to and including through the distribution date, there has been
a &ldquo;when-issued&rdquo; market in our Class B common stock. &ldquo;When-issued&rdquo; trading refers to a sale or purchase
made conditionally because the security has been authorized but not yet issued. The &ldquo;when-issued&rdquo; trading market has
been a market for shares of Rafael Class B common stock that will be distributed to IDT stockholders on the distribution date.
If you owned shares of IDT Class B common stock at the close of business on the record date, you would be entitled to shares of
our common stock distributed pursuant to the distribution. You could have traded this entitlement to shares of Rafael Class B
common stock, without trading the shares of IDT Class B common stock you own, on the &ldquo;when-issued&rdquo; market. Trading
in shares of our Class B common stock began on a &ldquo;when-issued&rdquo; basis on the day before the record date, and &ldquo;regular-way&rdquo;
trading will begin on March 27, 2018, then &ldquo;when-issued&rdquo; trading with respect to our Class B common stock will end.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Results
of the Spin-Off</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
the spin-off, we will be a separately traded, public company. Immediately following the spin-off, we expect to have approximately
2 record holders of our Class A common stock and 490 record holders of shares of our Class B common stock based on the number
of beneficial and record holders, respectively, of shares of IDT Class A common stock and Class B common stock on March 20, 2018
and non-IDT holders of shares prior to the spin-off. These numbers do not include the number of persons whose shares are in nominee
or in &ldquo;street name&rdquo; accounts through brokers. The actual number of shares to be distributed will be determined on
the record date and will reflect any exercise of IDT stock options between the date the Board of Directors of IDT declares the
distribution for the spin-off and the record date for the spin-off.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
and IDT will be parties to a number of agreements that govern the spin-off and the future relationship between the two companies.
For a more detailed description of these agreements, please see &ldquo;Our Relationship with IDT After the Spin&rdquo; beginning
on page 77.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Treatment
of Stock Options Issued by IDT in the Spin-Off</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the spin-off, the exercise price of each outstanding option to purchase IDT Class B common stock that was issued by IDT will be
proportionately reduced based on the relative trading prices of IDT and Rafael following the spin-off. In addition, holders of
options to purchase shares of IDT Class B common stock issued by IDT will receive an option to purchase one share of our Class
B common stock for every option to purchase two shares of IDT Class B common stock held as of the distribution date for the spin-off.
The granted options will have a term of five years from the distribution date and will have an exercise price based on the trading
price of our Class B common stock after the spin-off</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Interest
of Rafael Officers and Directors</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
interest of our officers and board of directors in the spin-off is reflected in their stock ownership as set forth in the Security
Ownership and Certain Beneficial Owners and Management table as certain of them will be receiving shares of our common stock as
a result of the distribution.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Material
U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Spin-Off</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to IDT, the holders of IDT Class A common stock and
Class B common stock, us and the holders of our common stock after the spin-off as of the date hereof. This summary does not discuss
all tax considerations that may be relevant to stockholders in light of their particular circumstances, nor does it address the
consequences to stockholders subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal income tax laws, such as stockholders subject
to the alternative minimum tax, tax-exempt entities, non-resident alien individuals, foreign entities, foreign trusts and estates
and beneficiaries thereof, stockholders who acquire shares as compensation for services (including holders of IDT restricted stock
who did not make a Section 83(b) election), banks, insurance companies, other financial institutions, traders in securities that
use mark-to-market accounting, and dealers in securities or commodities. In addition, this summary does not address any state,
local or foreign tax consequences. This summary is based upon provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the &ldquo;Code&rdquo;),
Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, pertinent judicial authorities, rulings of the Internal Revenue Service and such
other relevant authorities, in effect on the date hereof. Those authorities may be changed, perhaps retroactively, so as to result
in U.S. federal income tax consequences different from those summarized below.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
summary is limited to holders of shares of IDT common stock that are U.S. Holders, as defined immediately below. A U.S. Holder
is a beneficial owner of IDT common stock that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">an
                                         individual who is a citizen or a resident of the United States;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
                                         corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes,
                                         created or organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or the
                                         District of Columbia;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">an
                                         estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of
                                         its source; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
                                         trust, if (i) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary jurisdiction
                                         over its administration and one or more United States persons have the authority to control
                                         all of its substantial decisions or (ii) in the case of a trust that was treated as a
                                         domestic trust under the law in effect before 1997, a valid election is in place under
                                         applicable Treasury Regulations.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
summary does not address the U.S. federal income tax consequences to IDT stockholders who do not hold shares of IDT common stock
as a capital asset. Moreover, this summary does not address any state, local or foreign tax consequences or any estate, gift or
other non-income tax consequences.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
a partnership (or any other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds shares of IDT common stock,
the tax treatment of a partner in that partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the
partnership. Such partner or partnership should consult its own tax advisor as to the tax consequences of the distribution.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>YOU
SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISOR WITH RESPECT TO THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AND NON-U.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE DISTRIBUTION.</B>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>THIS
SUMMARY IS NOT INTENDED TO BE, NOR SHOULD IT BE CONSTRUED TO BE, LEGAL OR TAX ADVICE TO ANY PARTICULAR INVESTOR</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
received a legal opinion from Goulston &amp; Storrs as to the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the distribution. The legal
opinion provides that the distribution should qualify as a transaction described in Section 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code and Section
355(a) of the Code. An opinion of independent tax attorneys is not binding on the IRS or the courts. In addition, there is no
direct authority on point with respect to some of the conclusions in the opinion and therefore the IRS or the courts may disagree
with these conclusions. The opinion is based on, among other things, current tax law and assumptions and representations as to
factual matters made by IDT, which if incorrect in certain material respects, would jeopardize the conclusions reached in the
opinion. Neither we nor IDT are currently aware of any facts or circumstances that would cause these assumptions and representations
to be untrue or incorrect in any material respect or that would jeopardize the conclusions reached by Goulston &amp; Storrs in
the opinion.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assuming
the distribution qualifies under Section 355 of the Code, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we believe that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">no
                                         gain or loss will be recognized by IDT or us as a result of the distribution;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">no
                                         gain or loss will be recognized by, or be includible in the income of, a holder of IDT
                                         common stock, solely as a result of the receipt of our common stock in the distribution;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         aggregate tax basis of the shares of IDT common stock and our common stock in the hands
                                         of IDT stockholders immediately after the distribution will be the same as the aggregate
                                         tax basis of the shares of IDT common stock held by the holder immediately before the
                                         distribution, allocated between the shares of IDT common stock and our common stock in
                                         proportion to their relative fair market values immediately following the distribution;
                                         and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         holding period with respect to our common stock received by IDT stockholders will include
                                         the holding period of their shares of IDT common stock, provided that such shares of
                                         IDT common stock are held as a capital asset on the distribution date.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If,
notwithstanding the conclusions included in the opinion, it is ultimately determined that the distribution does not qualify as
tax-free for IDT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, then IDT would recognize gain in an amount equal to the excess of the fair
market value of our common stock distributed to IDT stockholders over IDT&rsquo;s tax basis in such shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, if the distribution were not to qualify as tax-free for IDT&rsquo;s stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes, each
IDT stockholder that is subject to U.S. federal income tax and who receives our common stock in the distribution would be treated
as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the fair market value of our common stock that was distributed to the stockholder,
which generally would be taxed as a dividend to the extent of the stockholder&rsquo;s pro rata share of IDT&rsquo;s current and accumulated
earnings and profits and then treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the stockholder&rsquo;s basis in the
IDT stock and finally as capital gain from the sale or exchange of IDT stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Even
if the distribution otherwise qualifies for tax-free treatment under Section 355 of the Code, it may result in corporate level
taxable gain to IDT under Section 355(e) of the Code if 50% or more, by vote or value, of our stock or IDT&rsquo;s stock is acquired
or issued as part of a plan or series of related transactions that includes the distribution. For this purpose, any acquisitions
or issuances of IDT&rsquo;s stock within two years before the distribution, and any acquisitions or issuances of our stock or IDT&rsquo;s
stock within two years after the distribution may be presumed to be part of such a plan, although we or IDT may be able to rebut
that presumption. We are not aware of any acquisitions or issuances of IDT&rsquo;s stock within the two years before the distribution
that would be considered to occur as part of a plan or series of related transactions that includes the distribution. If an acquisition
or issuance of our stock or IDT&rsquo;s stock triggers the application of Section 355(e) of the Code, IDT would recognize taxable
gain as described above and such gain would be subject to U.S. federal income tax.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
merger, recapitalization or acquisition, or issuance or redemption of our common stock after the spin-off, in some circumstances,
could be counted toward the 50% change of ownership threshold. As a result, we may be unable to engage in strategic or capital
raising transactions that stockholders might consider favorable, or to structure potential transactions in the manner most favorable
to us.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
you receive cash in lieu of a fractional share of our common stock, you will be treated as though you first received a distribution
of the fractional share in the spin-off and then sold it for the amount of such cash. You will recognize capital gain or loss,
provided that the fractional share is considered to be held as a capital asset, measured by the difference between the cash you
receive for such fractional share and your tax basis in that fractional share, as determined above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
you are a &ldquo;significant distributee&rdquo; with respect to the spin-off, you are required to attach a statement to your federal
income tax return for the year in which the spin-off occurs setting forth our name and IRS employer identification number, IDT&rsquo;s
name and IRS employer identification number, the date of the spin-off, and the fair market value of the shares of our common stock
that you receive in the spin-off. Upon request, IDT will provide the information necessary to comply with this reporting requirement
to each stockholder of record as of the record date. You are a &ldquo;significant distributee&rdquo; with respect to the spin-off
if you own at least 5% of the outstanding shares of IDT common stock immediately before the spin-off. You should consult your
own tax advisor concerning the application of this reporting requirement in light of your particular circumstances.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Certain
State Income Tax Matters</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
above discussion does not address any tax consequences of the spin-off other than the material U.S. federal income tax consequences
set forth above.&nbsp;&nbsp;IDT stockholders are encouraged to consult their tax advisors concerning all possible state income
tax consequences of the spin-off.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Listing
and Trading of Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
is currently no public market for our common stock. Rafael&rsquo;s Class B common stock will be listed on NYSE American under
the ticker symbol &ldquo;RFL&rdquo; starting March 27, 2018.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trading
in shares of Rafael&rsquo;s Class B common stock began on a when-issued basis on the day before the record date, and we expect
that &ldquo;regular way&rdquo; trading will begin on March 27, 2018. When-issued trading refers to a sale or purchase made conditionally
because the security has been authorized but not yet issued. On March 27, 2016, when-issued trading with respect to our Class
B common stock will end and regular way trading will begin. Regular way trading refers to trading after a security has been issued
and typically involves a transaction that settles on the third full business day following the date of the transaction.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
cannot predict what the trading price for our Class B common stock will be after the distribution date.&nbsp;&nbsp;We also cannot
predict any change that may occur in the trading price of IDT Class B common stock as a result of the spin-off. Until our Class
B common stock is fully distributed and an orderly market develops, the prices at which it trades may fluctuate significantly
and may be lower or higher than the price that would be expected for a fully distributed issue. See &ldquo;Risk Factors--Risk
Factors Generally Relating to Us and Our Common Stock.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
shares of our Class B common stock distributed to IDT stockholders will be freely transferable except for shares received by persons
who may be deemed to be our &ldquo;affiliates&rdquo; under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;).
Persons that may be considered affiliates of us after the spin-off generally include individuals or entities that control, are
controlled by or are under common control with us. This may include some or all of our officers and directors as well as our principal
stockholders. Persons that are our affiliates will be permitted to sell their shares only pursuant to an effective registration
statement under the Securities Act or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, such as the exemptions
afforded by Section 4(1) of the Securities Act or Rule 144 thereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Following
the spin-off, the number of shares of each of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock, other than Class B common stock
that will be freely transferable, that could be sold pursuant to Securities Act Rule 144 or that we have agreed to register under
the Securities Act for sale by resale is 0 and 7,528,192 respectively.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not intend to list or quote our Class A common stock on any exchange or trading system.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Reason
for Furnishing this Information Statement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Information Statement is being furnished solely to provide information to IDT stockholders who will receive shares of our common
stock in the spin-off. It is not and is not to be construed as an inducement or encouragement to buy or sell any securities. We
believe that the information contained in this Information Statement is accurate as of the date set forth on the cover. Changes
may occur after that date and neither we nor IDT undertakes any obligation to update the information except in the normal course
of our respective public disclosure obligations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>DIVIDEND
POLICY</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock until we achieve sustainable profitability (after satisfying all of our
operational needs) and retain certain minimum cash reserves. Distributions will be subject to the need to retain earnings for
investment in growth opportunities or the acquisition of complementary assets. The payment of dividends in any specific period
will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>UNAUDITED
PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL DATA </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data reported below consist of an unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance
sheet as of January 31, 2018 and unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of comprehensive income for the six months
ended January 31, 2018 and the fiscal year ended July 31, 2017. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data reported
below should be read in conjunction with our &ldquo;Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations,&rdquo; our audited combined financial statements as of July 31, 2017 and 2016 and for the fiscal years then ended
and the notes thereto, and the unaudited interim condensed combined financial statements as of January 31, 2018 and for the six
months ended January 31, 2018 and 2017 and the notes thereto, all of which are included elsewhere in this Information Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
pro forma combined balance sheet adjustments assume that the spin-off of Rafael Holdings, Inc. (&ldquo;Rafael Holdings&rdquo;
or &ldquo;our&rdquo;) from IDT Corporation (&ldquo;IDT&rdquo;) occurred as of January 31, 2018. The pro forma adjustments to the
condensed combined statements of comprehensive income for the six months ended January 31, 2018 and for the fiscal year ended
July 31, 2017 assume that the spin-off occurred as of August 1, 2016.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements assume that the charges for the services that IDT will provide to
us will be similar to those currently being charged via inter-company billings for similar services being provided prior to the
spin-off. Accordingly, the pro forma condensed combined financial statements assume that future service agreements for those services
will not result in a significantly different impact on our results of operations as compared to periods preceding the spin-off.
Any intercompany debt between IDT and Rafael Holdings as of the distribution date will be capitalized as contribution of equity
prior to the completion of the spin-off and there will be no indebtedness owing from Rafael Holdings to IDT immediately following
the spin-off.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT>In addition, the service agreement entered into between IDT and Rafael Holdings as of the spin-off include
additional services to be provided by IDT to Rafael Holdings following the spin-off that will be required by Rafael Holdings,
as a separate publicly-traded company. Such services may include assistance with internal audit, periodic reports required to
be filed with the SEC, as well as corporate governance matters. Costs for these additional services are not reflected in the historical
combined financial statements or in the pro forma adjustments since they were not applicable for periods that we were not a separate
public company. The additional costs (including for services that may be provided by IDT and others) related to being a publicly-traded
company and being separated from IDT, are currently estimated to be between $2,000,000 and $2,300,000 annually. Several of the
costs included in this estimated range are preliminary, subject to negotiation, and may vary from the estimates when finalized.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet and unaudited pro forma combined statements of comprehensive income included in this
Information Statement have been derived from our audited and unaudited combined financial statements included elsewhere in this
Information Statement and do not purport to represent what our financial position, results of operations or cash flows actually
would have been had the spin-off occurred on the dates indicated, or to project financial performance for any future period.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B></FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PROFORMA CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEET</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>AS
OF JANUARY 31, 2018</B></FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(in thousands, except share data)</B></FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(unaudited)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Historical</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Pro Forma<BR> Adjustments</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Pro Forma</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">ASSETS</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">CURRENT ASSETS:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 62%; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Cash and Cash Equivalents &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">12,008</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">28</TD><TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: left">(A)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">12,036</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Marketable Securities &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">31,744</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">(A)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">31,744</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Accounts and Rents Receivable, net of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts of $82 as of January&nbsp;31, 2018 &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">226</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">226</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Current Notes Receivable</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,200</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">(A)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,200</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">191</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">191</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">12,425</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">45,397</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Property and Equipment, net &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">50,967</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">50,967</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Investments &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">11,700</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">(A)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">13,700</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Investments in Hedge Funds &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">4,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">(A)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">4,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Deferred Taxes &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">22</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">22</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Other Assets &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,530</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,530</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">TOTAL ASSETS &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">77,644</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">116,616</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS&rsquo; EQUITY</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">CURRENT LIABILITIES:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Trade Accounts Payable &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">89</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">89</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Accrued Expenses &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">423</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">423</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Other Current Liabilities &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">20</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">20</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">532</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">532</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Due to IDT Corporation &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">24,391</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(24,391</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)(B)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Other Liabilities &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">95</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">95</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">TOTAL LIABILITIES &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">25,018</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">627</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">MEMBERS&rsquo;/STOCKHOLDERS&rsquo; EQUITY:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Rafael Holdings, Inc. Members&rsquo;/Stockholders&rsquo; Equity:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 16.2pt">Group Equity &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">40,554</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(40,554</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)(B)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 16.2pt">Class A common stock &mdash; historical nil shares, pro forma 787,163 shares issued and outstanding &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">8</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">(C)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">8</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 16.2pt">Class B common stock &mdash; historical nil shares, pro forma 11,639,901 shares issued and outstanding &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">116</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">(C)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">116</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 16.2pt">Additional Paid in Capital &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">103,793</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">(C)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">103,793</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 16.2pt">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,394</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,394</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Total Rafael Holdings, Inc. Members&rsquo;/Stockholders&rsquo; Equity &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">42,948</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">106,311</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Noncontrolling interests &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">9,678</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">9,678</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">TOTAL MEMBERS&rsquo;/STOCKHOLDERS&rsquo; EQUITY &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">52,626</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">115,989</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">TOTAL LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS&rsquo;/STOCKHOLDERS&rsquo; EQUITY &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">77,644</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">115,616</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B><BR>
<B>PROFORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>FOR
THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2018</B><BR>
<B>(in thousands, except per share data)</B><BR>
<B>(unaudited)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Historical</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Pro Forma Adjustments</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Pro Forma</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">REVENUES</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; text-align: left">Rental &ndash; Third Party &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">685</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">685</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Rental &ndash; Related Party &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">994</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">994</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Parking &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">384</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">384</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">TOTAL REVENUES &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,063</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,063</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">COSTS AND EXPENSES:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Selling, General and Administrative &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,079</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,079</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Depreciation and Amortization &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">853</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">853</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">LOSS FROM OPERATIONS &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,869</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,869</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Interest Income, net &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(4</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(4</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Net Gains Resulting from Foreign Exchange Transactions &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(118</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(118</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Net Loss on Equity Investments &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">107</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">107</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Gain on Disposal of Bonus Shares &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(246</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(246</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,608</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,608</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Provision for Income Taxes &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">8,443</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">8,443</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">NET LOSS &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(10,051</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(10,051</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">176</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">176</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAFAEL HOLDINGS, INC.&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(9,875</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(9,875</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Loss per share attributable to Rafael Holdings, Inc. and affiliates common stockholders:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt">Basic &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">(E)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(0.80</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Diluted &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">(E)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(0.80</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Number of shares used in calculation of earnings per share<B>: </B></FONT></TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Basic &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">(E)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">12,420</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Diluted &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">(E)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">12,420</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B><BR>
<B>PROFORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>FOR
THE YEAR ENDED JULY 31, 2017</B><BR>
<B>(in thousands, except per share data)</B><BR>
<B>(unaudited)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Historical</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Pro Forma Adjustments</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Pro Forma</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">REVENUES</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 62%; text-align: left">Rental &ndash; Third Party &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">989</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 3%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">989</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Rental &ndash; Related Party &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,705</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,740</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)(D)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,965</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Parking &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">924</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">924</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">TOTAL REVENUES &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">5,618</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,878</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">COSTS AND EXPENSES:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Selling, General and Administrative &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,728</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,728</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Depreciation and Amortization &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,669</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,669</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">221</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,519</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Interest Income, net &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(10</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(10</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Net Gains Resulting from Foreign Exchange Transactions &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(86</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(86</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other Expenses, net &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">113</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">113</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">204</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,536</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Provision for Income Taxes &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">66</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">66</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">NET INCOME (LOSS) &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">138</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(1,522</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -9.35pt; padding-left: 9.35pt">Loss per share attributable to Rafael Holdings, Inc. and affiliates common stockholders:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Basic &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">(E)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(0.13</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Diluted &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">(E)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(0.13</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Number of shares used in calculation of loss per share<B>: </B></FONT></TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Basic &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">(E)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">12,420</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Diluted &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">(E)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">12,420</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B><BR>
<B>NOTES AND MANAGEMENT&rsquo;S ASSUMPTIONS</B><BR>
<B>TO THE PROFORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</B><BR>
<B>(Unaudited)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following is a description of the pro forma adjustments to the condensed combined financial statements:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 24.75pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 18pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(A)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     connection with the spin-off, IDT transferred assets to Rafael such that, at the time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     of the spin-off, we have approximately $43.8 million in cash, cash equivalents and liquid
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     marketable securities, $1.2 million in current notes receivable and approximately $4.0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     million in interests in hedge funds. Additionally, IDT transferred approximately $2.0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     million in securities in another entity that are not liquid. The cash and cash equivalent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     figure includes $10 million in cash and marketable securities to be held in CS Pharma Holdings LLC (&ldquo;CS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Pharma&rdquo;),                                          a controlled entity of which we will effectively be an effective 45%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     owner, at the time                                          of the spin-off. We hold our interest in CS Pharma through our
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     90%-owned non-operating                                          subsidiary, IDT-Rafael Holdings, LLC, which holds a 50%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     interest in CS Pharma. Accordingly,                                          we hold an effective 45% indirect interest in
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     the assets held by CS Pharma, including                                          its cash and cash equivalents. This
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     contribution is reflected as if it were entirely                                          a cash contribution made to Rafael
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Holdings on January 31, 2018. Any marketable securities                                          and/or investments in hedge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     funds contributed to Rafael Holdings would reduce the amount                                          of cash contributed
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     resulting in Rafael Holdings holding less cash and cash equivalents                                          at the time of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     the distribution.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 24.75pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 18pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(B)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
                                         intercompany debt owing to IDT by Rafael Holdings as of the distribution date was converted
                                         to equity prior to the completion of the spin-off and there is currently no indebtedness
                                         owing from Rafael Holdings to IDT.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 24.75pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 18pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(C)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reflected
                                         as the recapitalization of Group Equity into 787,163 shares of Rafael Holdings Class
                                         A common stock and 11,639,901 shares of Rafael Holdings Class B common stock.</FONT></TD></TR>                                                                                                                                       <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                         distribution by IDT to its stockholders of (i) 787,163 shares of Rafael Holdings Class
                                         A common stock is based on 1,574,326 shares of IDT Class A common stock outstanding on
                                         the record date and (ii) 11,639,901 shares of Rafael Holdings Class B common stock is
                                         based on 23,279,803 shares of IDT Class B common stock outstanding on the record date.&nbsp;&nbsp;In
                                         the distribution, each IDT stockholder will receive one share of Rafael Holdings Class
                                         A common stock for every two shares of IDT Class A common stock and one share of Rafael
                                         Holdings Class B common stock for every two shares of IDT Class B common stock held on
                                         the record date for the spin-off.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 24.75pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 18pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(D)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
                                         of August 1, 2017, the Company amended its related party leases to more accurately reflect
                                         the space currently being used by IDT and other affiliated companies. Had they been in
                                         place for the entirety of fiscal year 2017, these amendments would have resulted in a
                                         decrease of Revenues &ndash; Rental &ndash; Related Party by $1.7 million.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 24.75pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 18pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(E)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Loss
                                         per share is calculated as if recapitalization of the Group Equity into 787,163 shares
                                         of Rafael Holdings Class A common stock and 11,639,901 shares of Rafael Holdings Class
                                         B common stock were issued and outstanding as of August 1, 2016. There was no difference
                                         in the weighted average number of shares used for the calculation of basic and diluted
                                         loss per share as the effect of all potentially dilutive shares outstanding was anti-dilutive.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>MANAGEMENT&rsquo;S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF</B><BR>
<B>FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Overview</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
will own commercial real estate assets and interests in clinical and early stage pharmaceutical companies. The assets will be
operated as two separate lines of business. The commercial real estate holdings consist of the building at 520 Broad Street in
Newark, New Jersey that houses IDT&rsquo;s headquarters and its associated public garage, an office/data center building in Piscataway,
New Jersey and a portion of a building in Israel that hosts offices for IDT and certain affiliates. The pharmaceutical holdings
include debt interests and warrants in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which is a clinical stage, oncology-focused, pharmaceutical
company committed to the development and commercialization of therapies that exploit the metabolic differences between normal
cells and cancer cells, and a majority equity interest in Lipomedix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., an early stage pharmaceutical development
company based in Israel. All of these assets were non-core assets - outside of IDT&rsquo;s telecom and payment services businesses.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Real
Estate </I></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">520
Broad Street in Newark New Jersey is a 20-story commercial office building containing approximately 496,000 square feet.&nbsp;
The building was completed in 1957 and is of steel-frame construction with cast-in-place concrete floors.&nbsp; The facade is
constructed of stone and metal framed glass curtain wall sections. The public garage has three levels plus additional surface
parking that, in total, can accommodate in excess of 800 parking spaces.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2014, IDT began renovations of the first four floors of the 520 Broad Street building and relocated its Newark-based personnel
and offices into the renovated space.&nbsp; Genie Energy, an affiliate of IDT, is also headquartered in the building. Currently,
approximately 24.3% of the building is leased, 73.7% of which is leased to IDT and Genie, which are both publicly traded companies.
The building was completely vacant when IDT began renovations in fiscal 2014; as such, all third party leases are in their initial
term.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
IDT lease expires in April 2025 and is for 80,000 square feet and includes two parking spots per thousand square feet of space
leased. The annual base rent is $1,498,400.&nbsp; IDT has the right to terminate the lease upon four months&rsquo; notice, and
upon early termination, IDT will pay a penalty equal to 25% of the portion of the rent due over the course of the remaining term.&nbsp;IDT
has the right to lease an additional 25,000 square feet in the building on the same terms as the base lease, and other rights
to a further 25,000 square feet should all available space be leased to other tenants. Upon expiration of the lease, IDT has the
right to renew the lease for another 5 years on substantially the same terms, with a 2% increase in the rental payments.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Genie lease expires in April 2025 and is for 8,631 square feet and includes two parking spots per thousand square feet of space
leased. The annual base rent is $198,513. Genie has the right to terminate the lease upon four months&rsquo; notice and upon early
termination Genie will pay a penalty equal to 25% of the portion of the rent due over the course of the remaining term. Upon expiration
of the lease, Genie has the right to renew the lease for another 5 years on substantially the same terms, with a 2% increase in
the rental payments.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to the IDT and Genie leases, there are three additional leases for space in the building. The first lease is for a portion
of the sixth floor for an eleven-year term, of which the first six years are non-cancellable. The second lease is for a portion
of the ground floor and basement for a term of ten years, seven months and the third lease is for another portion of the ground
floor for a term of ten years, four months.&nbsp; The leases have all commenced. &nbsp;At July 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying
value of the land, building and improvements at 520 Broad Street was $45.9 million and $45.6 million, respectively.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
building in Piscataway, New Jersey is used partially by IDT Telecom for operations. The portion of a building in Israel hosts
offices for IDT and its affiliates. The building in Piscataway is located at 225 Old New Brunswick Road: it is a three-story commercial
office building containing approximately 65,000 square feet.&nbsp; The building was completed in 1978.&nbsp; Since its completion,
the building has been leased as data space and therefore has ample power, diverse paths of fiber, back-up generators and dedicated
HVAC units.&nbsp; &nbsp;Currently, approximately 28% of the building is leased to two data users.&nbsp; Both leases are to tenants
who each occupy a portion of the first floor.&nbsp; One lease expires at the end of 2020 and the other lease expires at the end
of October 2022. These two tenants have been in the building for over twenty years. While both leases have been renewed, there
were not any tenant improvements or leasing commission for either renewal.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
space in Israel is a condominium portion of an office building located in the Har Hotzvim section of Jerusalem, Israel.&nbsp;
The condominium, built in 2004, is approximately 12,400 square feet and the space is occupied by IDT and related parties.&nbsp;
Har Hotzvim is a high-tech industrial park located in northwest Jerusalem.&nbsp; It is the city's main zone for science-based
and technology companies, among them Intel, Teva and Mobileye. The leases associated with this space expire in April 2025, and
have an aggregate annual base rent of $100,000. This space has no leases to unrelated parties.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Related
parties represented approximately 64% of our total revenue for fiscal year 2017. As of August 1, 2017, we amended our related
party leases to more accurately reflect the space currently being used by IDT and other affiliated companies. Had they been in
place for the entirety of fiscal year 2017, these amendments would have resulted in a decrease of related party revenues of $1.7
million, with related parties then representing 51% of our adjusted total revenue for fiscal year 2017.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table represents a schedule of lease expirations, stating the number of tenants whose leases will expire, the total
area in square feet covered by the leases, the annual rent represented by the leases and the percentage of gross annual rent represented
by the leases:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">Fiscal Year</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Number of<BR> Tenants</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Square</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Feet</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Percentage of<BR> Minimum 2018<BR> Rental Income</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">2018</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">N/A</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">N/A</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">2019</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">N/A</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">N/A</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">2020</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">N/A</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">N/A</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">2021</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">1</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">10,216</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">8.7</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">2022</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">N/A</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">N/A</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">2023</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">16,230</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">9.7</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">2024</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">N/A</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">N/A</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">2025</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">101,031</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">68.2</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">2026</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">N/A</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">N/A</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">2027</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">N/A</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">N/A</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Thereafter &nbsp;&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">23,474</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">13.4</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Depreciation
and amortization expense of property, plant and equipment was $1.7 million, $1.6 million, and $1.2 million in fiscal 2017, fiscal
2016 and fiscal 2015, respectively.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Depending
on market conditions and the success of our efforts to lease additional space, we anticipate making significant capital improvements
to our real estate portfolio,&nbsp;including but not limited to, renovating common areas such as lobbies and bathrooms as well
as building wide HVAC systems.&nbsp; If we are successful in leasing additional space in our buildings, we would likely expend
additional funds for improvements to the tenant&rsquo;s space.&nbsp; We estimate costs of $30-50 per square foot on tenant improvements,
which will be determined by our agreement with the tenants and dependent on many factors, including condition of the space, rental
amount, lease length and other leasing criteria.&nbsp; The total estimated capital expenditures including building upgrades, tenant
improvements and leasing commissions will be approximately $24 to $45 million comprised primarily of tenant improvements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Pharmaceutical
Investments </I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Pharmaceuticals&rsquo; vision is to be the premier cancer bioenergetics/metabolism firm designing drugs to attack the proteins
and enzymes reconfigured, re-regulated, and repurposed in cancer and responsible for the unique metabolic features of tumors.
We own our interests/rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals through a 90%-owned non-operating subsidiary, IDT-Rafael Holdings, LLC.
IDT-Rafael Holdings holds a warrant to purchase a significant stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, as well as other equity and governance
rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, and owns 50% of CS Pharma, a non-operating entity which holds convertible debt and other rights
to purchase equity interests in Rafael Pharmaceuticals.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Those
interests/rights include:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$10,000,000
                                         of Series D Convertible Notes of Rafael Pharmaceuticals held by CS Pharma.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
                                         warrant to purchase up to 56% of the capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals &ndash;
                                         the right to exercise the first $10,000,000 worth of the warrant is held by CS Pharma;
                                         and the remainder is held directly by IDT-Rafael Holdings.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
also have certain governance rights, including appointment of directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 19, 2017, IDT approved a compensatory arrangement with Howard S. Jonas related to the right held by IDT-Rafael Holdings
to receive additional Rafael Pharmaceutical shares (&ldquo;Bonus Shares&rdquo;) upon the achievement of certain milestones. Under
that arrangement, IDT and the Company transferred to Howard Jonas the contractual right to receive &ldquo;Bonus Shares&rdquo;
for an additional 10% of the outstanding capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals that was previously held by IDT-Rafael Holdings,
which is contingent upon achieving certain milestones. This right was previously held by IDT-Rafael Holdings, of which Howard
Jonas is a 10% owner, subject to its right to transfer to recipients that IDT-Rafael Holdings, in its sole discretion, felt merit
because of special efforts by such persons in assisting Rafael Pharmaceuticals and its products. IDT-Rafael Holdings distributed
the rights to its members and we transferred the portion we received to Howard Jonas. If any of the milestones are met, the Bonus
Shares are to be issued without any additional payment. Howard Jonas has the right to transfer the Bonus Shares, in his discretion,
to others, including those who are instrumental to the future success of Rafael Pharmaceuticals.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the date hereof and based on the current shares issued and outstanding of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, we, and our affiliates that
hold interests in Rafael Pharmaceuticals would need to pay in the aggregate approximately $71 million to exercise the Warrant
in full and approximately $56 million to purchase a 51% controlling stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals. On an as-converted fully
diluted basis (for all convertible securities of Rafael Pharmaceuticals outstanding), we and our affiliates that hold interests
in Rafael Pharmaceuticals &nbsp;would need approximately $122 million to exercise the Warrant in full and approximately $98 million
to purchase a 51% controlling stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals as more fully discussed below on page 53.&nbsp; Following that exercise,
a portion of our interest in Rafael Pharmaceuticals would continue to be held for the benefit of the other equity holders in IDT-Rafael
Holdings and CS Pharma. Given the Company&rsquo;s anticipated available cash upon the spin-off, we would not be able to exercise
the warrant in its entirety and we may never be able to exercise the warrant in full.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company serves as the managing member of IDT-Rafael Holdings and IDT-Rafael Holdings serves as the managing member of CS Pharma,
with broad authority to make all key decisions regarding their respective holdings. Any distributions that are made to CS Pharma
from Rafael Pharmaceuticals that are in turn distributed by CS Pharma will need to be made pro rata to all members, which would
entitle IDT-Rafael Holdings to 50% (based on current ownership) of such distributions. Similarly, if IDT-Rafael Holdings were
to distribute proceeds it receives from CS Pharma, it would do so on a pro rata basis, entitled the Company to 90% (based on current
ownership) of such distributions.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of March 26, 2018, IDT had provided Rafael Pharmaceuticals with $1.2 million in working capital financing that remains outstanding.
The related receivable from Rafael Pharmaceutical is being transferred by IDT to us prior to the spin-off.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lipomedix
is a development-stage, privately held Israeli company focused on the development of an innovative, safe and effective cancer
therapy based on liposome delivery. We own ordinary shares of Lipomedix representing approximately 50.6% of the issued and outstanding
ordinary shares, which were purchased in Fiscal 2016-2018 for $2.4 million.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will operate as an independent public company following the spin-off.&nbsp;While many of the costs of being a public company were
already borne by us either directly or by allocation of corporate overhead from IDT, we will need to have the proper infrastructure
in place to perform the necessary, legal, treasury, accounting, internal audit and reporting functions.&nbsp;We anticipate our
total costs will be between $2,000,000 to $2,300,000 per year as a result of being a public reporting company. Several of the
costs included in this estimated range are preliminary, subject to negotiation, and may vary from the estimates when finalized.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Reportable
Segments</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
business consists of one reportable segment.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Presentation
of financial information</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Critical
Accounting Policies</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities. Critical accounting policies are those that require application of management&rsquo;s most subjective or complex
judgments, often as a result of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Management bases its
estimates and judgments on historical experience and other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. See Note 1 to the combined financial
statements in this Information Statement for a complete discussion of our significant accounting policies.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Income
Taxes</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying financial statements include provisions for federal, state and foreign income taxes. We join with our Parent and
other subsidiaries in filing a federal income tax return on a combined basis.&nbsp; Our income taxes are calculated on a separate
tax return basis.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the
financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance
is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate
realization of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during the period in which related temporary
differences become deductible. We consider the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income
and tax planning strategies in its assessment of a valuation allowance. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using
the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be
recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the
period that includes the enactment date of such change.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
use a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. We determine
whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related
appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the
more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, we presume that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority
that has full knowledge of all relevant information. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are
measured to determine the amount of tax benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured at the
largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Differences between
tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements will generally result in one or more of
the following: an increase in a liability for income taxes payable, a reduction of an income tax refund receivable, a reduction
in a deferred tax asset, or an increase in a deferred tax liability.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
classify interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (&ldquo;ASU&rdquo;) 2015-17, &ldquo;<I>Balance Sheet Classification
of Deferred Taxes</I>.&rdquo; This update requires an entity to classify deferred tax liabilities and assets as noncurrent within
a classified statement of financial position. ASU 2015-17 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods therein,
beginning after December&nbsp;15, 2016. This update may be applied either prospectively to all deferred tax liabilities and assets
or retrospectively to all periods presented. Early application is permitted as of the beginning of the interim or annual reporting
period. We adopted ASU 2015-17 as of August 1, 2015. The adoption of ASU 2015-17 did not have a material impact on our combined
financial statements.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Investments
in Uncombined Entities </I></B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
consolidate variable interest entities (VIEs) in which we are considered to be the primary beneficiary. VIEs are entities in which
the equity investors do not have sufficient equity at risk to finance their endeavors without additional financial support or
that the holders of the equity investment at risk do not have a controlling financial interest. The primary beneficiary is defined
by the entity having both of the following characteristics: (1)&nbsp;the power to direct the activities that, when taken together,
most significantly impact the variable interest entity&rsquo;s performance, and (2)&nbsp;the obligation to absorb losses and right
to receive the returns from the variable interest entity that would be significant to the variable interest entity. Our judgment
with respect to our level of influence or control of an entity involves the consideration of various factors including the form
of our ownership interest, our representation in the entity&rsquo;s governance, the size of our investment (including loans),
estimates of future cash flows, our ability to participate in policy making decisions and the rights of the other investors to
participate in the decision making process and to replace us as manager and/or liquidate the venture, if applicable. Our assessment
of our influence or control over an entity affects the presentation of these investments in our combined financial statements.
In addition to evaluating control rights, we consolidate entities in which the outside partner has no substantive kick-out rights
to remove us as the managing member.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accounts
of the combined entity are included in our accounts and the non-controlling interest is reflected on the combined balance sheets
as a component of equity. Investments in uncombined entities are recorded initially at cost, and subsequently adjusted for equity
in earnings and cash contributions and distributions. Any difference between the carrying amount of these investments on the balance
sheet and the underlying equity in net assets is amortized as an adjustment to equity in earnings of uncombined entity over the
life of the related asset. Under the equity method of accounting, our net equity investment is reflected within the combined balance
sheets, and our share of net income or loss from the investment is included within the combined statements of operations. Our
investments in uncombined entities are reviewed for impairment periodically and we record impairment charges when events or circumstances
change indicating that a decline in the fair values below the carrying values has occurred and such decline is other-than-temporary.
The ultimate realization of the investment in uncombined entity is dependent on a number of factors, including the performance
of each investment and market conditions. We will record an impairment charge if we determine that a decline in the value below
the carrying value of an investment in an uncombined entity is other-than-temporary.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
the extent that we contribute assets to an uncombined entity, our investment therein is recorded at our cost basis in the assets
that were contributed. To the extent that our cost basis is different than the basis reflected at the entity level, the basis
difference is amortized over the life of the related asset and included in our share of equity in net income of the entity.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Other
</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
March 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments. The new standard simplifies several
aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards
as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. We adopted the new standard on August 1, 2017.
The adoption of this new standard did not have a significant impact on our combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Recently
Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&ldquo;FASB&rdquo;), and the International Accounting Standards Board jointly
issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede most of the current revenue recognition guidance under
U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (&ldquo;IFRS&rdquo;). The goals of the revenue recognition project were
to clarify and converge the revenue recognition principles under U.S. GAAP and IFRS and to develop guidance that would streamline
and enhance revenue recognition requirements. We will adopt this standard on August 1, 2018. Entities have the option of using
either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the standard. We are evaluating the impact
that the standard will have on our combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
January 2016, the FASB issued an ASU, to provide more information about recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure
of financial instruments. The amendments in the ASU include, among other changes, the following: (1) equity investments (except
those accounted for under the equity method or that result in consolidation) will be measured at fair value with changes in fair
value recognized in net income, (2) a qualitative assessment each reporting period to identify impairment of equity investments
without readily determinable fair values, (3) financial assets and financial liabilities will be presented separately by measurement
category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or the notes to the financial statements, and (4) an entity should evaluate
the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity&rsquo;s
other deferred tax assets. Entities will no longer be able to recognize unrealized holding gains and losses on equity securities
classified as available-for-sale in other comprehensive income. In addition, a practicability exception will be available for
equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and do not qualify for the net asset value practical expedient.
These investments may be measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes
in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Entities will have to reassess at each reporting
period whether an investment qualifies for this practicability exception. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1,
2018. We are evaluating the impact that the ASU will have on our combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU)
model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer
than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense
recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including
interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and
operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial
statements, with certain practical expedients available. We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of the
new standard on our combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For
receivables, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking &ldquo;expected loss&rdquo; model
that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized
losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances
instead of reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more
information about allowances, credit quality indicators and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect
adjustment to retained earnings. We will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2020. We are evaluating the impact that the new standard
will have on our combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that includes specific guidance on the classification and presentation of changes in restricted
cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this ASU require that a statement of cash flows explain
the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted
cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents will be included with cash and
cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of the period and end of the period total amounts shown on the statement of cash
flows. The ASU will be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. We will adopt the amendments
in this ASU on August 1, 2018. The adoption will impact our beginning of the period and end of the period cash and cash equivalents
balance in our statement of cash flows, as well as our net cash provided by operating activities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
January 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities
with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Under the
current guidance, there are three elements of a business&mdash;inputs, processes, and outputs. While an integrated set of assets
and activities (collectively referred to as a &ldquo;set&rdquo;) that is a business usually has outputs, outputs are not required
to be present. In addition, all the inputs and processes that a seller uses in operating a set are not required if market participants
can acquire the set and continue to produce outputs, for example, by integrating the acquired set with their own inputs and processes.
The amendments in this ASU provide a screen to determine when a set is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially
all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group
of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further
evaluated. If the screen is not met, the amendments in this ASU (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include,
at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2)
remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. The amendments provide a framework to assist
entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present. The framework includes two sets of criteria
to consider that depend on whether a set has outputs. Although outputs are not required for a set to be a business, outputs generally
are a key element of a business; therefore, the FASB has developed more stringent criteria for sets without outputs. Lastly, the
ASU narrows the definition of the term output. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. We are evaluating the
impact that the new standard will have on our combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
May 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award
require an entity to apply modification accounting. Pursuant to this ASU, an entity should account for the effects of a modification
unless all the following are met: (1) the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement
method is used) of the modified award is the same as the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative
measurement method is used) of the original award immediately before the original award is modified (if the modification does
not affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique that the entity uses to value the award, the entity is not required to
estimate the value immediately before and after the modification); (2) the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same
as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; and (3) the classification
of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award
immediately before the original award is modified. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU prospectively to an award modified
on or after on August 1, 2018. We are evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on our combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
August 2017, the FASB issued an ASU intended to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the
economic results of an entity&rsquo;s risk management activities in its financial statements. In addition, the ASU includes certain
targeted improvements to simplify the application of hedge accounting guidance in U.S. GAAP. The amendments in this ASU are effective
for us on August 1, 2019. Early application is permitted. Entities will apply the amendments to cash flow and net investment hedge
relationships that exist on the date of adoption using a modified retrospective approach. The presentation and disclosure requirements
will be applied prospectively. We are evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on our combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Results
of Operations</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
business consists of one reportable segment. We evaluate the performance of our operating business based primarily on income (loss)
from operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
and Six Months Ended January 31, 2018 Compared to Three and Six Months Ended January 31, 2017</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
business consists of two reportable segments. We evaluate the performance of our Real Estate segment based primarily on income
(loss) from operations and our Pharmaceuticals segment based primarily on research and development efforts and results of clinical
trials. Accordingly, the income and expense line items below income (loss) from operations are only included in the discussion
of combined results of operations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pharmaceuticals
Segment</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5pt; text-indent: -5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Three Months Ended<BR> January 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Change</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Six Months Ended<BR> January 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Change</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5pt; text-indent: -5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2018</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">$</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">%</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2018</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">$</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">%</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5pt; text-indent: -5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="14" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="14" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: left; text-indent: -5pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Selling, general and administrative</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">(357</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">(357</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">100.0</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">(357</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">(357</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">100.0</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in">Depreciation and amortization</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -5pt; padding-left: 5pt">Income from operations</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(357</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(357</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">100.0</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(357</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(357</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">100.0</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
date, the Pharmaceuticals segment has not generated any revenues. The entirety of the expenses in the Pharmaceuticals segment
relate to the research and development activities of Lipomedix, of which we are a 50.6% owner.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Real
Estate Segment</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5pt; text-indent: -5pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Three
Months Ended</B><BR> <B>January 31,</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Change</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Six
Months Ended</B><BR> <B>January 31,</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Change</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5pt; text-indent: -5pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>2018</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>2017</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>$</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>%</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>2018</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>2017</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>$</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>%</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5pt; text-indent: -5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="14" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="14" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">Rental &ndash; Third Party Revenues</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">298</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">396</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">(98</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">(24.7</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)%</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">685</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">585</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">100</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">17.1</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.125in">Rental &ndash; Related Party Revenues</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">489</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">770</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(281</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(36.5)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">994</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,682</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(688</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(40.9</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">Parking Revenues</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">169</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">171</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1.2</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">384</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">469</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(85</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(18.1</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.125in">Selling, general and administrative</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(986</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(776</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(210</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(27.1</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(2,722</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,629</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,093</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(67.1</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.125in">Depreciation and amortization</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(429</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(434</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">5</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1.2</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(853</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(822</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(31</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(3.8</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">(Loss) income from operations</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(459</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">127</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(586</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(461.4</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)%</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(1,512</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">285</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(1,797</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(630.5</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)%</TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Revenues.&nbsp;&nbsp;</I>Rental
and Parking revenues decreased by $381,000 and $673,000, respectively, for the three and six months ended January 31, 2018 as
compared to the three and six months ended January 31, 2017. Third Party revenues increased for the six months ended January 31,
2018 due the new tenant taking occupancy in the 520 Broad Street building, partially offset by reduced utility charges. Related
Party revenues decreased due to a reduction in space being leased by IDT in the Piscataway facility during three and six months
ended January 31, 2018 as compared to the three and six months ended January 31, 2017. Related Party rental revenues decreased
due to new lease terms, effective August 1, 2017, being signed during the first quarter of fiscal 2018 for both the 520 Broad
Street and Israel buildings. Parking revenues decreased by $2,000 and $85,000 for three and six months ended January 31, 2018
as compared to the prior year period primarily due to a headcount reduction at one customer, as well as several small customers
going out of business during the first quarter of fiscal 2018.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Selling,
general and administrative expenses</I>.&nbsp;Selling, general and administrative expenses consists mainly of payroll, benefits,
facilities and consulting and professional fees. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses in the six months
ended January 31, 2018 compared to the six months ended January 31, 2017 is primarily due to $606,000 in compensation expense
related to the assignment of the contingent right to receive Bonus Shares in Rafael Pharmaceuticals to Howard Jonas, as well as
increased utility cost of $113,000 due to new tenants in the 520 Broad Street building. The increase in selling, general and administrative
expenses in the three months ended January 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended January 31, 2017 is primarily due to $201,000
in legal and professional services fees related to the planned Spin-Off.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Depreciation
and amortization expenses</I>. Depreciation and amortization expenses in the three and six months ended January 31, 2018 as compared
to the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 remained relatively consistent between periods.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Combined
operations</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
combined income and expense line items below income from operations were as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Three Months Ended<BR> January&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Change</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Six Months Ended<BR> January&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Change</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2018</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">$</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">%</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2018</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">$</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">%</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="14" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="14" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in">(Loss) income from operations</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">(816</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">127</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">(586</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">(461.4</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)%</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">(1,869</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">285</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">(2,154</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">(755.8</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in">Interest (income) expense</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm</FONT></TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(4</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(7</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(42.9</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in">Net gains resulting from foreign exchange transactions</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(107</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(52</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(56</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm</FONT></TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(118</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(32</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(86</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">268.8</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in">Net loss on equity investments</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm</FONT></TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">107</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">107</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm</FONT></TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in">Gain on disposal of bonus shares</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm</FONT></TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(246</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(246</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm</FONT></TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in">Provision for income taxes</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">15</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">14</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">7.1</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">8,443</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">30</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">8,413</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid">nm</P></TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in">Net (loss) income before noncontrolling interest</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(722</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">166</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(888</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(534.9</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(10,051</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">294</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(10,345</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(3518.7</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.25in">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">176</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">176</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">100.0</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">176</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">176</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">100.0</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0">Net (loss) income</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(546</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">166</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(712</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(428.6</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)%</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(9,875</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">294</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(10,169</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(3,518.7</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)%</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 25%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm
&ndash; not meaningful</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Interest
income, net</I>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest income in the three and six months ended January 31, 2018 remained relatively consistent
as compared to the three and six months ended January 31, 2018.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Net
gain (loss) resulting from foreign exchange transactions</I>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Net losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions
are comprised entirely from changes in movements in New Israeli Shekels relative to the U.S. Dollar.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Net
loss on Equity Investment</I>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss on Equity Investment relates entirely to our proportionate share of the net
loss recorded by Lipomedix, in which we held a 38.9% interest prior to purchasing a majority stake during November 2017.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Gain
on disposal of Bonus Shares.</I>&nbsp;&nbsp;The gain on disposal of Bonus Shares relates entirely to the increase in fair value
of the contingent right to receive Bonus Shares obtained during fiscal year 2017 from the date of purchase through assigning the
rights thereto over to Howard Jonas in September 2017.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Net
Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests</I>. The change in the net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in
the three and six months ended January 31, 2018 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2017 was due to the net loss attributable
to the noncontrolling interests in Lipomedix in the three and six months ended January 31, 2018. We began consolidating Lipomedix
in November 2017.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Fiscal
Year Ended July 31, 2017 Compared to Fiscal Years Ended July 31, 2016 and July 31, 2015:</B>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="10" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fiscal&nbsp;Year&nbsp;ended<BR> July&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017 change from 2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2016 change from 2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="10" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">$</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">%</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">$</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">%</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 23%; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Rental &ndash; Third Party Revenues</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">989</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">746</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">809</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">243</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">32.6</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">(63</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">(7.8</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Rental &ndash; Related Party Revenues</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,705</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,729</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,118</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(24</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(0.6</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,611</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">76.1</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Parking Revenues</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">924</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,114</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,060</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(190</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(17.1</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">54</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">5.1</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Selling, general and administrative</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(3,728</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(2,754</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(2,903</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(974</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">35.4</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">149</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(5.1</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Depreciation and amortization</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,669</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,643</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,203</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(26</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1.6</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(440</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">36.6</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Other</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(18</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">18</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(100.0</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Income (loss) from operations</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">221</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">1,192</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(137</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(971</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(81.5</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)%</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">1,329</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">nm</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 25%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm&mdash;not
meaningful</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Revenues.&nbsp;&nbsp;</I>Revenues
decreased $62,000 in fiscal year 2017 compared to fiscal year 2016. Related party revenues decreased $24,000 due mainly to IDT
no longer having any personnel working from the Piscataway building. Parking revenues decreased due to the loss of three third-party
customers during fiscal year 2017. Third party revenue increased in fiscal year 2017 compared to fiscal year 2016 due to a new
tenant in the 520 Broad Street building and an increase in tenant reimbursed utility expenses for the Piscataway building.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues
increased $1.6 million in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015. Related party revenues increased $1.6 million due mainly
to a full year of rental income from IDT in the 520 Broad Street building during fiscal year 2016, as compared to three months
during fiscal year 2015. IDT had been leasing space in another building and returned all of its Newark-based employees to the
520 Broad Street building during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2015. Parking revenues increased due to three new customers,
as well as a full year of customer revenue for 10 customers obtained during the second half of fiscal year 2015, partially offset
by the loss of two third-party customers. Third party revenue decreased in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015 due to
a decrease in tenant reimbursed utility expenses for the Piscataway building.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Selling,
general and administrative expense</I>. Selling, general and administrative expense consists mainly of payroll, benefits, facilities
and consulting and professional fees. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses in fiscal year 2017 compared
to fiscal year 2016 is primarily due to an increase in real estate and parking taxes of $370,000, an increase in allocated expenses
from IDT of $270,000 and an increase in consulting fees of $225,000.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015 is primarily due to
a decrease in allocated expenses from IDT of $336,000, partially offset by an aggregate increase of bad debt expense from monthly
parking customers of $82,000 and building security, repairs and maintenance of $76,000.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Depreciation
and amortization expense</I>. Depreciation and amortization expenses remained consistent in fiscal year 2017 compared to fiscal
year 2016. The increase in depreciation and amortization expenses in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015 is primarily
due to the assets put in service related to the build-out of the 520 Broad Street building during fiscal year 2016 and fiscal
year 2015. During fiscal year 2016 and fiscal year 2015, we invested approximately $10.0 million in renovating the first four
floors of the 520 Broad Street building to allow for IDT&rsquo;s return in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2015.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
combined income and expense line items below income (loss) from operations were as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="10" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fiscal&nbsp;Year&nbsp;ended<BR> July&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017 change from 2016</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2016 change from 2015</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="10" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">$</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">%</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">$</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">%</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 23%; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Income (loss) from operations</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">221</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">1,192</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">(137</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">(971</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">(81.5</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)%</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right">1,329</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm</FONT></TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Interest income (expense), net</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">10</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(20</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(356</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">30</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm</FONT></TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">336</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(94.4</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: left">)%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Net gains (losses) resulting from foreign exchange transactions</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">86</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(13</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(236</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">99</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm</FONT></TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">223</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(94.5</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">(Provision for) benefit from income taxes</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(66</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(449</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(264</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(383</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(85.3</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(713</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm</FONT></TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Other</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(113</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(113</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(100.0</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Net income (loss)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">138</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">710</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(467</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(572</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(80.6</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">%)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">1,177</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm</FONT></TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 25%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm&mdash;not
meaningful</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Net
gains (losses) resulting from foreign exchange transactions</I>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Net losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions
are generated entirely from movements in New Israeli Shekels relative to the U.S. Dollar.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Provision
for income taxes</I>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Decreases in the provision for income taxes during fiscal year 2017 as compared to fiscal year
2016 directly relate to the decrease in Rafael Holdings&rsquo; profitability in fiscal year 2017, and increases in the provision
for income taxes during fiscal year 2016 as compared to fiscal year 2015 directly relate to the increase in Rafael Holdings&rsquo;
profitability in fiscal year 2016.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Liquidity
and Capital Resources</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>General</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Historically,
we have satisfied our cash requirements primarily through intercompany debt funding from IDT. Prior to the spin-off, we continued
to maintain an intercompany balance due to IDT that relates to advances for investments and purchases of fixed assets, as well
as charges for services provided to us by IDT and payroll costs for our personnel that are paid by IDT, partially offset by revenue
earned from leases to IDT. In connection with the spin-off, any intercompany debt between IDT and Rafael Holdings as of the distribution
date was converted to equity and there is no indebtedness owing from Rafael Holdings to IDT. We anticipate our total operating
costs will be between $2,000,000 to $2,300,000 per year as a result of being a public reporting company. Several of the costs
included in this estimated range are preliminary, subject to negotiation, and may vary from the estimates when finalized.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of January 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $12.0 million. We expect our cash from operations in the next twelve
months, the balance of cash and cash equivalents that we held as of January 31, 2018 and the cash and other assets that IDT will
contribute to us in connection with and prior to the spin-off to be sufficient to meet our currently anticipated working capital
and capital expenditure requirements during the twelve-month period ending January 31, 2019.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Six Months Ended<BR> January&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="10" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Year Ended<BR> July&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2018</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="10" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">Cash flows provided by (used in)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; text-align: left">Operating activities </TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">41</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(400</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(1,623</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">72</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(571</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Investing activities </TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(728</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(9,446</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(11,220</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(3,653</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(8,844</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Financing activities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">900</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">19,326</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">22,260</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">265</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">10,029</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents </TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">39</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">42</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(95</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -0.1in; padding-left: 0.1in">Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents </TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">252</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">9,522</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">9,417</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(3,313</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">519</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Operating
Activities</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
cash flow from operations varies from year to year, depending on our operating results and the timing of operating cash receipts
and payments, specifically payments of trade accounts payable. The increase in cash flows provided by operating activities in
in the six months ended January 31, 2018 as compared to the six months ended January 31, 2017 related primarily to decreased charges
from related parties. The decrease in cash flows provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2017 as compared to fiscal year
2016 relates to decreased net income, as well as a successful appeal of 2012 and 2013 calendar year real estate taxes, generating
a refund of $480,000, during fiscal year 2016 and an increase of $480,000 in other assets.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Investing
Activities</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
used in investing activities for the six months ended January 31, 2018 related entirely to fixed asset additions. Cash used in
investing activities for the six months ended January 31, 2017, fiscal year 2017, fiscal year 2016, and fiscal year 2015 consisted
mostly of investments in Rafael Pharmaceuticals (through CS Pharma) of $8.0 million and $2.0 million during fiscal year 2017 and
fiscal year 2016, respectively, and purchases of fixed assets related to the build-out of the building at 520 Broad Street in
Newark, NJ of $1.5 million and $8.7 million during fiscal year 2016 and 2015, respectively.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Financing
Activities</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
provided by financing activities for the six months ended January 31, 2018 related to cash advances from IDT of $900,000. Cash
provided by financing activities for the six months ended January 31, 2017 related to the sale of member interests in CS Pharma
to third parties, as well as cash advances from IDT of $8.4 million, In connection with our investment in Rafael Pharmaceuticals,
our subsidiary CS Pharma issued member interests to third parties in exchange for cash investment in CS Pharma of $10 million.
We hold a 90% interest in IDT-Rafael Holdings, LLC, which holds a 50% interest in CS Pharma, and we are the managing member of
both entities. In fiscal year 2017, CS Pharma received $10.0 million from the sale of its member interests to third parties. It
is expected that CS Pharma will use its cash to invest in Rafael Pharmaceuticals. Additionally, during fiscal 2017 we sold 10%
of IDT-Rafael Holdings, LLC, in which our direct and indirect interest and rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals were held, to Howard
Jonas for $1.0 million, which represented 10% of the Company&rsquo;s cost basis in IDT-Rafael Holdings. As we hold our interest
in CS Pharma through our 90%-owned non-operating subsidiary, IDT-Rafael Holdings, LLC, which holds a 50% interest in CS Pharma,
we will hold an effective 45% indirect interest in the assets held by CS Pharma, including its cash. Cash provided by financing
activities related to cash advances from IDT was $11.0 million, $6.5 million, and $10.3 million during fiscal year 2017, fiscal
year 2016 and fiscal year 2015, respectively. These increases were offset by repayments on a note payable of $6.4 million in fiscal
year 2016 and $271,000 in fiscal year 2015 related to paying off the balance of the note payable on the Piscataway building.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock until we achieve sustainable profitability and retain certain minimum cash
reserves. The payment of dividends in any specific period will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>CHANGES
IN PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gross
Property and Equipment increased to $65.7 million at January 31, 2018, from $65.0 million at July 31, 2017, from $63.1 million
at July 31, 2016, and from $62.4 million at July 31, 2015, primarily due fixed asset additions of $728,000, $1.7 million, $1.6
million, and $8.8 million during the six months ended January 31, 2018, and the years ended July 31, 2017, July 31, 2016, and
July 31, 2015, respectively, partially offset by depreciation expense of $853,000, $1.7 million, $1.6 million, and $1.2 million
during the six months ended January 31, 2018, and the years ended July 31, 2017, July 31, 2016, and July 31, 2015, respectively,
and disposals of fully depreciated assets of $765,000 and $172,000 during the years ended July 31, 2016, and July 31, 2015, respectively.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>OFF-BALANCE
SHEET ARRANGEMENTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of January 31, 2018, we did not have any &ldquo;off-balance sheet arrangements,&rdquo; as defined in relevant SEC regulations
that are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital
expenditures or capital resources.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the spin-off, we and IDT will enter into a tax separation agreement, which sets forth the responsibilities of
IDT and us with respect to, among other things, liabilities for federal, state, local and foreign taxes for periods before and
including the spin-off, the preparation and filing of tax returns for such periods and disputes with taxing authorities regarding
taxes for such periods. IDT will be generally responsible for our federal, state, local and foreign income taxes for periods before
and including the spin-off. We will be generally responsible for all other taxes relating to our business. We and IDT will each
generally be responsible for managing those disputes that relate to the taxes for which each of us is responsible and, under certain
circumstances, may jointly control any dispute relating to taxes for which both of us are responsible.</FONT></P>

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AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>FOREIGN
CURRENCY RISK</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenue
from tenants located in Israel represented 2% and 5% of our combined revenues in the three and six months ended January 31, 2018
and in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively. Revenue from tenants located in Israel represented 5%, 5%
and 8% of our combined revenues in fiscal year 2017, fiscal year 2016 and fiscal year 2015, respectively. The entirety of these
revenues is in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. Our foreign currency exchange risk is somewhat mitigated by our ability
to offset a portion of these non U.S. Dollar-denominated revenues with operating expenses that are paid in the same currencies.
While the impact from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates affects our revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies,
the net amount of our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate changes at the end of each reporting period is generally not
material.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>INVESTMENT
RISK</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to, but separate from our primary business, we will hold a portion of our assets in marketable securities, hedge funds
and a passive investment in another entity. Investments in marketable securities and hedge funds carry a degree of risk, and depend
to a great extent on correct assessments of the future course of price movements of securities and other instruments. There can
be no assurance that our investment managers will be able to accurately predict these price movements. The securities markets
have in recent years been characterized by great volatility and unpredictability. Our passive interests in other entities are
not currently liquid and we cannot assure that they we will be able to liquidate them when we desire, or ever. Accordingly, the
value of our investments may go down as well as up and we may not receive the amounts originally invested upon redemption.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>BUSINESS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Overview
</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Holdings, Inc. (&ldquo;Rafael&rdquo;) will own commercial real estate assets and interests in clinical and early stage pharmaceutical
companies. The assets will be operated as two separate lines of business. The commercial real estate holdings consist of the building
at 520 Broad Street in Newark, New Jersey that houses IDT&rsquo;s headquarters, and its associated public garage, an office/data
center building in Piscataway, New Jersey and a portion of a building in Israel that hosts offices for IDT and certain affiliates.
The pharmaceutical holdings include debt interests and warrants in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which is a clinical stage, oncology-focused,
pharmaceutical company committed to the development and commercialization of therapies that exploit the metabolic differences
between normal cells and cancer cells, and a majority equity interest in Lipomedix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., an early stage pharmaceutical
development company based in Israel. All of these assets were non-core assets outside of IDT&rsquo;s telecom and payment services
businesses.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Real
Estate </I></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">520
Broad Street in Newark New Jersey is a 20-story commercial office building containing approximately 496,000 square feet.&nbsp;
The building was completed in 1957 and is of steel-frame construction with cast-in-place concrete floors.&nbsp; The facade is
constructed of stone and metal framed glass curtain wall sections. The public garage has three levels, plus additional surface
parking that, in total, can accommodate in excess of 800 parking spaces.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2014, IDT began renovations of the first four floors of the 520 Broad Street building and relocated its Newark-based personnel
and offices into the renovated space.&nbsp; Genie Energy, an affiliate of IDT, is also headquartered in the building. Currently,
approximately 24.30% of the building is leased, including leases to IDT and Genie.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
IDT lease expires in April 2025 and is for 80,000 square feet and includes two parking spots per thousand square feet of space
leased. The annual base rent is $1,498,400.&nbsp; IDT has the right to terminate the lease upon four months&rsquo; notice and,
upon early termination, IDT will pay a penalty equal to 25% of the portion of the rent due over the course of the remaining term.&nbsp;IDT
has the right to lease an additional 25,000 square feet in the building on the same terms as the base lease, and other rights
to a further 25,000 square feet should all available space be leased to other tenants. Upon expiration of the lease, IDT has the
right to renew the lease for another 5 years on substantially the same terms, with a 2% increase in the rental payments.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Genie lease expires in April 2025 and is for 8,631 square feet and includes two parking spots per thousand square feet of space
leased. The annual base rent is $198,513. Genie has the right to terminate the lease upon four months&rsquo; notice and, upon
early termination, Genie will pay a penalty equal to 25% of the portion of the rent due over the course of the remaining term.
Upon expiration of the lease, Genie has the right to renew the lease for another 5 years on substantially the same terms, with
a 2% increase in the rental payments.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to the IDT and Genie leases, there are three additional leases for space in the building. The first lease is for a portion
of the sixth floor for an eleven-year term, of which the first six years are non-cancellable. The second lease is for a portion
of the ground floor and basement for a term of ten years, seven months and the third lease is for another portion of the ground
floor for a term of ten years, four months.&nbsp; The leases have all commenced. &nbsp;At January 31, 2018, July 31, 2017 and
July 31, 2016, the carrying value of the land, building and improvements at 520 Broad Street was $45.6 million, $45.9 million
and $45.6 million, respectively.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Depreciation
and amortization expense of property, plant and equipment was $853,000 and $822,000 in the six months ended January 31, 2018 and
2017, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense of property, plant and equipment was $1.6 million, $1.6 million and
$1.2 million in fiscal 2017, fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015, respectively.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
building in Piscataway, New Jersey is used partially by IDT Telecom for operations. The portion of a building in Israel hosts
offices for IDT and its affiliates. The building in Piscataway is located at 225 Old New Brunswick Road: it is a three story commercial
office building containing approximately 65,000 square feet.&nbsp; The building was completed in 1978.&nbsp; Since its completion,
the building has been leased as data space and therefore has ample power, diverse paths of fiber, back-up generators and dedicated
HVAC units.&nbsp; &nbsp;Currently, approximately 28% of the building is leased to two data users.&nbsp; Both leases are to tenants
who each occupy a portion of the first floor.&nbsp; One lease expires at the end of 2020 and the other lease expires at the end
of October 2022.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
space in Israel is a condominium portion of an office building built in 2004 located in the Har Hotzvim section of Jerusalem,
Israel.&nbsp; The condominium is approximately 12,400 square feet and the space is occupied by IDT and related parties.&nbsp;
Har Hotzvim is a high-tech industrial park located in northwest Jerusalem.&nbsp; It is the city's main zone for science-based
and technology companies, among them Intel, Teva and Mobileye.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Rafael
Pharmaceuticals</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Pharmaceuticals is a clinical stage, oncology-focused pharmaceutical company committed to the development and commercialization
of therapies that exploit the metabolic differences between normal cells and cancer cells.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
will own our interests/rights in Rafael Pharmaceutical through a 90%-owned non-operating subsidiary, IDT-Rafael Holdings, LLC.
IDT-Rafael Holdings holds a warrant to purchase a significant stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, as well as other equity and governance
rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, and owns 50% of CS Pharma, a non-operating entity which holds convertible debt and other rights
to purchase equity interests in Rafael Pharmaceuticals.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Those
interests/rights include:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.
$10,000,000 of Series D Convertible Notes of Rafael Pharmaceuticals held by CS Pharma.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.
A warrant to purchase up to 56% of the capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals &ndash; the right to exercise the first $10,000,000
worth of the warrant is held by CS Pharma; and the remainder is held directly by IDT-Rafael Holdings.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
also have certain governance rights, including appointment of directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 19, 2017, IDT approved a compensatory arrangement with Howard S. Jonas related to the right held by IDT-Rafael Holdings
to receive additional Rafael Pharmaceutical shares (&ldquo;Bonus Shares&rdquo;) upon the achievement of certain milestones. Under
that arrangement, IDT and the Company transferred to Howard Jonas the contractual right to receive &ldquo;Bonus Shares&rdquo;
for an additional 10% of the outstanding capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals that was previously held by IDT-Rafael Holdings,
which is contingent upon achieving certain milestones. This right was previously held by IDT-Rafael Holdings, subject to its right
to transfer to recipients that IDT-Rafael Holdings, in its sole discretion, felt merit because of special efforts by such persons
in assisting Rafael Pharmaceuticals and its products. IDT-Rafael Holdings distributed the rights to its members and we transferred
the portion we received to Howard Jonas. If any of the milestones are met, the Bonus Shares are to be issued without any additional
payment. Howard Jonas has the right to transfer the Bonus Shares, in his discretion, to others, including those who are instrumental
to the future success of Rafael Pharmaceuticals.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
March 2, 2017, Howard Jonas, our Chairman of the Board, and Chairman of the Board of Rafael Pharmaceuticals purchased 10% of IDT-Rafael
Holdings, LLC, in which the Company&rsquo;s direct and indirect interest and rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals were held, for a
purchase price of $1 million, which represented 10% of the Company&rsquo;s cost basis in IDT-Rafael Holdings. We hold our interest
in CS Pharma through our 90%-owned non-operating subsidiary, IDT-Rafael Holdings, LLC, which holds a 50% interest in CS Pharma.
Accordingly, we will hold an effective 45% indirect interest in the assets held by CS Pharma, including its cash. Separately,
Howard Jonas and Deborah Jonas jointly own $525,000 of Series C Convertible Notes of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, and The Howard S.
and Deborah Jonas Foundation owns $525,000 of Series C Notes of Rafael Pharmaceuticals.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Rafael Pharmaceuticals Series D Note earns interest at 3.5% per annum, with principal and accrued interest due and payable on
September 16, 2018. The Series D Note is convertible at the holder&rsquo;s option into shares of Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rsquo;
Series D Preferred Stock. The Series D Note also includes a mandatory conversion into Rafael Pharmaceuticals common stock upon
a qualified initial public offering, and conversion at the holder&rsquo;s option upon an unqualified financing event. In all cases,
the Series D Note conversion price is based on the applicable financing purchase price. We and CS Pharma were issued warrants
to purchase shares of capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals representing up to 56% of the then issued and outstanding capital
stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, on an as-converted and fully diluted basis. The right to exercise warrants as to the first $10
million thereof is owned by CS Pharma and the remainder is owned by IDT. The warrant expires on December 31, 2020. Currently,
if IDT desires to raise additional financing from unaffiliated parties in connection with IDT&rsquo;s exercise of its warrant
or other current rights to invest in Rafael Pharmaceuticals (but not including the Rafael Pharmaceuticals rights held by CS Pharma),
it first must give the other CS Pharma holders the opportunity to provide such financing on a pro rata basis. The exercise price
of the warrant is the lower of 70% of the price sold in an equity financing, or $1.25 per share, subject to certain adjustments.
The minimum initial and subsequent exercises of the warrant shall be for such number of shares that will result in at least $5
million of gross proceeds to Rafael Pharmaceuticals, or such lesser amount as represents 5% of the outstanding capital stock of
Rafael Pharmaceuticals, or such lesser amount as may then remain unexercised. The warrant will expire upon the earlier of December
31, 2020 or a qualified initial public offering or liquidation event of Rafael Pharmaceuticals.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the date hereof and based on the current shares issued and outstanding of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, we, and our affiliates that
hold interests in Rafael Pharmaceuticals would need to pay in the aggregate approximately $71 million to exercise the Warrant
in full and approximately $56 million to purchase a 51% controlling stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals. On an as-converted fully
diluted basis (for all convertible securities of Rafael Pharmaceuticals outstanding), we and our affiliates that hold interests
in Rafael Pharmaceuticals would need approximately $122 million to exercise the Warrant in full and approximately $98 million
to purchase a 51% controlling stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals.&nbsp; Following that exercise, a portion of our interest in Rafael
Pharmaceuticals would continue to be held for the benefit of the other equity holders in IDT-Rafael Holdings and CS Pharma. Given
the Company&rsquo;s anticipated available cash upon the spin-off, we would not be able to exercise the warrant in its entirety
and we may never be able to exercise the warrant in full.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company serves as the managing member of IDT-Rafael Holdings and IDT-Rafael Holdings serves as the managing member of CS Pharma,
with broad authority to make all key decisions regarding their respective holdings. Any distributions that are made to CS Pharma
from Rafael Pharmaceuticals that are in turn distributed by CS Pharma, will need to be made pro rata to all members, which would
entitle IDT-Rafael Holdings to 50% (based on current ownership) of such distributions. Similarly, if IDT-Rafael Holdings were
to distribute proceeds it receives from CS Pharma, it would do so on a pro rata basis, entitled the Company to 90% (based on current
ownership) of such distributions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Pharmaceuticals is a variable interest entity; however, we have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary as we do not
have the power to direct the activities of Rafael Pharmaceuticals that most significantly impact Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rsquo;
economic performance. At January 31, 2018, July 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, the Company&rsquo;s investment in Rafael Pharmaceuticals
was $11.7 million, $12.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively. In addition to interests issued to IDT, CS Pharma has issued
member interests to third parties in exchange for cash investment in CS Pharma of $10.0 million. At January 31, 2018, July 31, 2017
and July 31, 2016, CS Pharma had received $10.0 million, $10.0 million and $8.8 million, respectively, of such investment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of March 26, 2018, IDT had provided Rafael Pharmaceuticals with $1.2 million in working capital financing that remains outstanding.
The related receivable from Rafael Pharmaceutical is being transferred by IDT to us prior to the spin-off.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Science
&amp; Pre-Clinical:</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
lead product of Rafael Pharmaceuticals is CPI-613 (as small molecule). CPI-613 is suitable for intravenous (IV) administration.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the 1920&rsquo;s, Nobel Prize Winner Dr. Otto Warburg observed that cancer cells metabolize glucose differently than normal cells.
This effect has more recently come to be recognized as a component of a broadly pervasive repurposing and reregulation of metabolism
in cancer, including mitochondrial components. This broad, deep reconfiguration of metabolism is now understood to represent one
of the defining hallmarks of most or all cancers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
living cells require a continual input of fuel to survive and reproduce. Adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) is the universal energy-carrying
molecule generated by consumption of fuels in biological systems. Glucose is the primary source of raw material fuel needed for
the generation of ATP in most normal cells. Mutations known to cause cancer engender changes in the processing of fuels as well
as the nature of the fuel needed by cancer cells to support their growth and survival. Some of the changes are largely unique
to cancer and not typically found among healthy cells in the body. While these changes are not identical in every tumor cell type
there is sufficient overlap to suggest that targeting the process of fuel conversion to anabolic intermediates and energy is likely
to produce a more durable response than less selective effects of earlier chemotherapeutics. By attacking a process that is unique
to cancer and not found in healthy cells an improvement in both potency and safety and quality of life is expected to be achievable
(Heiden, M. G. V., &amp; DeBerardinis, R. J. (2017). Understanding the Intersections between Metabolism and Cancer Biology. <I>Cell</I>,
<U>168</U>, 657-669. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.039 and Warburg, O. (1956). Origin of Cancer Cells. <I>Science</I>, <U>123</U>,
309-314. doi:10.1126/science.123.3191.309).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to exploiting the metabolic regulatory differences between normal and cancerous cells, Altered Energy Metabolism Directed
(AEMD) compounds are selectively taken up by cancer cells as opposed to normal cells at cancer cell killing concentrations in
cell culture. It is hypothesized that this feature of our AEMD compounds is associated with their structural resemblance to fatty
acids, another bioenergetic fuel source and critical cellular component whose uptake is widely upregulated in tumor cells.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
preclinical testing, CPI-613 exhibited 100% growth inhibition against all tested cells derived from human patient tumor biopsies
and 100% cell kill against the vast majority of cell lines tested in cell culture from the National Cancer Institute and American
Type Tissue Culture Collection library. Several of these tested cell lines are known to be resistant to the more frequently prescribed
current chemotherapeutic agents. CPI 613 was tested at levels having no material impact on normal cells. Additional preclinical
AEMD/CPI-613 studies demonstrated potent tumor growth inhibition in human tumor animal models in vivo (Zachar, et al., 2011, <I>Journal
of Molecular Medicine</I> 89, 1137).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
are many potential advantages to the AEMD platform. Among them, AEMD molecules selectively target altered energy metabolism in
cancer cells (more specifically chokepoints in the tricarboxylic cycle) which reregulated in cancer cells resulting in inhibition
mitochondrial flux of fuels (glucose, glutamine). This in turn triggers apoptosis or excessive hydrogen peroxide and other radical
production leading to cancer cell specific necrosis. High toxicity of many cancer drugs is because of unintended killing healthy
cells. It is anticipated that AEMD molecules will have minimal toxic effect on healthy cells and thus, potentially exhibit high
safety and tolerability profile. Further, high selectivity of AEMD compounds has potential to treat cancers in multiple clinical
settings (metastatic, neoadjuvant and adjuvant) and because of their low toxicity, AEMD molecules may be used in combination with
current standard of care.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Preliminary
data from pre-clinical trials suggests that Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rsquo; strategy of targeting metabolic changes specific to
tumor cells has yielded the potential for a very potent and highly selective therapeutic option for patients with difficult to
treat malignancies. Such data suggests that the potency results in excellent and unprecedented response rates in several refractory
patient populations. The high degree of selectivity for tumor vs. non-tumor cells results in a favorable safety and tolerability
profile, such that the drugs may provide low intensity single agent treatment options for patients as Rafael Pharmaceuticals may
have the ability to improve the efficacy of standard of care therapies with little or no incremental toxicity.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe the probability of improvements in safety is high, by selectively attacking metabolic processes unique to cancer and required
for tumor cell survival. Further, by simultaneously attacking multiple processes that are common to the majority of cancer cell
types and essential for their survival, the probability of developing local relapse or metastatic progression due to evolved resistance
to CPI-613 therapy is believed to be reduced.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, Rafael Pharmaceuticals has demonstrated in laboratory studies and clinical trials:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Wide
                                         therapeutic potential across multiple tumor types and even late-stage disease: In preclinical
                                         studies and Phase I safety clinical trials to date, Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rsquo; drugs
                                         have demonstrated activity in a spectrum of cancers, including hematological cancers
                                         and solid tumors, even in late-stage cancer patients who have failed multiple rounds
                                         of chemotherapy, radiation and stem cell transplantation. Assays to predict and characterize
                                         responses at the cellular level are being developed.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.4in; text-indent: -0.4in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
                                         favorable safety profile.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.4in; text-indent: -0.4in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Multiple
                                         formulations are being developed in addition to IV infusion including oral delivery,
                                         and long-acting sustained release.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.4in; text-indent: -0.4in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Low-cost,
                                         efficient, and scalable manufacturing.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Clinical
Results</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Pancreatic
Cancer: CPI-613 in Combination with Modified FOLFIRINOX in First-Line Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer</I>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Twenty
patients were enrolled in this study. The maximum tolerated dose of CPI-613 was 500 mg/m&sup2;. The median number of treatment
cycles given at the maximum tolerated dose was 11. Two patients enrolled at a higher dose of 1000 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>, and both had
a dose-limiting toxicity. No deaths due to adverse events were reported. For the 20 patients given the maximum tolerated dose,
the most common grade 3&ndash;4 non-hematological adverse events were hyperglycaemia, hypokalaemia, peripheral sensory neuropathy,
diarrhea, and abdominal pain. The most common grade 3&ndash;4 hematological adverse events were neutropenia, lymphopenia, anaemia,
and thrombocytopenia. Sensory neuropathy (all grade 1&ndash;3) was recorded in 17 out of the 18 patients and was managed with
dose de-escalation or discontinuation of oxaliplatin per standard of care. Of the 18 patients given the maximum tolerated dose,
11 (61%) achieved an objective (complete or partial) response. Given that the Phase II clinical trial evaluating the FOLFIRINOX
regimen reported an Overall Response Rate (ORR) of 31% and Complete Remission (CR) of &lt;1%, the further evaluation of CPI-613
in pancreatic cancer is warranted.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Acute
Myeloid Leukemia: CPI-613 in Combination with High Dose Cytarabine and Mitoxantrone in Elderly Patients with Relapsed or Refractory
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2 trials were conducted to investigate the safety and efficacy of CPI-613 in combination with high dose cytarabine and mitoxantrone
(HAM) in patients with relapsed or refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Overall, the treatment was well tolerated. Total 67
patients dosed in this phase I study and 62 were evaluable for efficacy. The median overall survival (OS) of elderly patients
(&ge;60 years or older, N =32) was 6.9 months, which is substantially higher than historical control of patient treated with HAMA
alone. This result is consistent in phase II study (CCCWFU 22215) with median OS of 10 months (N = 21, study is ongoing). CR was
also substantially higher in elderly patients (60 years or older) treated with CPI-613 + HAM compared to patients treated with
HAM alone (38% in phase I study and 33% in phase II study compared to only 26% in historical cohort).&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Peripheral
T-cell Lymphoma: Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of CPI-613, in Combination with Bendamustine, in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory
T-cell Lymphoma</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To date, 10 patients have received at least one dose of CPI-613 in combination with bendamustine. 9 patients are evaluable for
safety and 7 patients for efficacy. Overall, the patients exhibited a good safety profile. The most common grade 3 or higher toxicities
were lymphopenia and leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia. CPI-613 in combination with bendamustine also exhibited
excellent efficacy profile with an ORR of 86% (CR: 43%, PR: 43%). All 3 patients with CR were diagnosed with peripheral T cell
lymphoma, not otherwise specified. Although the numbers are small, continued investigation is warranted as these response rates
in a poor risk population of patients with relapsed/refractory T Cell Lymphoma is very exciting.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Lipomedix</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lipomedix
Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (&ldquo;Lipomedix&rdquo;) is a development-stage, privately held, Israeli company focused on the development
of an innovative, safe and effective cancer therapy based on liposome delivery.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
own ordinary shares of Lipomedix representing approximately 50.6% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares, which were purchased
in Fiscal 2016-2018 for $2.4 million.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Science
and Pre Clinical:</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lipomedix
was established in order to advance the pharmaceutical and clinical development of a patented prodrug of mitomycin-C and its efficient
delivery in liposomes to cancer-affected target organs. Lipomedix believes that this formulation, known as Promitil&reg; &ndash;
Pegylated Liposomal Mitomycin-C Prodrug (PL-MLP) &ndash; overcomes the problems associated with the mitomycin-C toxicity of certain
current treatments and turns it into passively targeted, anti-cancer drug that could potentially become the therapy of choice
in a variety of cancers. The inventor and scientific founder, of Lipomedix is Prof. Alberto Gabizon of the Hebrew University &ndash;
Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Israel who is also the co-inventor and co-developer of Doxil&reg; (doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome
injection). Prof. Gabizon is one of the few scientists intimately familiar with the successful development and commercialization
process of liposomal drugs.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Promitil
is an innovative nanomedicine designed for controlled delivery of a chemotherapeutic agent in a proprietary prodrug form. Lipomedix
believes it may have advantages over conventional anticancer agents that have serious adverse side effects, and limited efficacy
with resistance to treatment. Promitil is based on an innovative and breakthrough technology that could potentially help cancer
patients receive safer therapy with a more potent anti-tumor effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
pre-clinical trials, Promitil inhibited a range of cancer types in animal models (pancreatic, colorectal, stomach, breast, ovarian,
melanoma) and potentiated the activity of a co-administered cancer drug. The API (MLP), a prodrug of mitomycin C, is carried by
a pegylated liposomal delivery system that confers an extended circulation time in vivo and improved delivery to tumors. In pre-clinical
trials, Promitil significantly reduced mitomycin-C&rsquo;s systemic toxicity and mitigated its side-effects. Promitil is a highly
stable formulation with prolonged storage shelf life of over 3 years.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Clinical:</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
total of 88 patients have been treated with Promitil as a single agent or in combination with other anticancer drugs under the
framework of a clinical study. Promitil was well tolerated and safe for use at the tested doses. The majority of the adverse events
reported were mild to moderate and unrelated to the study drug.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
Phase IA dose escalation open trial has, Lipomedix believes, demonstrated that Promitil is a conceptually attractive formulation
system (by analogy with the success of Doxil) which has successfully and substantially modified the pharmacokinetic characteristics
of mitomycin C delivery, resulting in the ability to clinically administer much larger amounts of active drug (approximately 3
times greater mitomycin C-equivalent dose than the maximal tolerated dose of mitomycin C), with an acceptable toxicity profile,
and with long circulation time to ensure adequate drug delivery.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
Phase IB continuation trial in advanced colon cancer patients receiving Promitil as 3rd line therapy has confirmed the safety
and pharmacokinetic features of Promitil in this patient population, as well as the feasibility of combining Promitil with Bevacizumab
and/or Capecitabine. This stage of colon cancer has an ominous prognosis with median survival of approximately 5 months for untreated
patients, and 6-7 months using any of the two approved therapies (Regorafenib, TAS-102), and a rate of partial responses (tumor
shrinkage) nearly zero.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
an ongoing 1B study, clinical efficacy appears so far to be limited to stabilization of disease based on interim data. Lipomedix
believes the survival data, yet immature, of the Promitil-Bevacizumab combination is encouraging, but the lack of a head-to-head
comparator for survival and the lack of meaningful tumor shrinkage in treated patients leaves uncertainty as to whether colorectal
carcinoma is the optimal indication for Promitil. To clarify this point, and dependent on available funding, Lipomedix believes
that the next development step should be to conduct an active comparator Phase 2B trial using as end-points PFS and OS, which
will provide information to resolve this issue in colorectal cancer. Lipomedix believes that a 100-patient strong study should
suffice to see if it has a significant signal. Given the large number of patients with this condition, Lipomedix anticipates this
study can be completed relatively quickly (approximately 18 months) with centers in 3 or 4 countries only.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Additional
complementary plans with the Lipomedix flagship product, Promitil, include:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Conduct
                                         exploratory trials of Promitil in combination with radiotherapy. This is a separate avenue
                                         of clinical development sprouting from preclinical observations (see Dr. Andrew Wang
                                         et al. paper in the Red Journal on Promitil and Radiotherapy, 2016). Lipomedix plans
                                         on asking for FDA advice on the best way to maximize clinical information from these
                                         exploratory studies for regulatory purposes.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 66.95pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Explore
                                         other indications and combinations of Promitil with other chemotherapeutic or immunotherapeutic
                                         agents in small investigator-initiated or company-sponsored clinical studies.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 60.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Promitil-based
products</B>:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to Promitil, Lipomedix has developed a pipeline of Promitil-based products with potentially important applications:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Folate-targeted
                                         Promitil (Promi-Fol), aimed at local treatment (intravesical) of superficial bladder
                                         cancer. Decorating Promitil with folate ligands exploits the frequent overexpression
                                         of folate receptors in urothelial cancers for selective and enhanced delivery of Promitil
                                         to cancer cells. Promi-Fol could be a safe and effective therapeutic alternative for
                                         local treatment of the growing patient population with superficial bladder cancer</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Promi-Dox,
                                         a highly potent dual drug liposome with MLP and doxorubicin (&ldquo;the &ldquo;SuperDoxil&rdquo;)
                                         for a basket of tumors. If a strong clinical signal can be detected there are several
                                         possible cancer settings with substantial patient numbers and significant unmet need
                                         where PromiDox could be utilized.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Promitil-Alendronate
                                         (Promi-Ald), a formulation of Promitil loaded with the bisphosphonate Alendronate, which
                                         may serve as an optional, companion PET-imaging product of the distribution of Promitil
                                         liposomes in the patient body to detect patients in whom cancer targeting of liposomes
                                         is most effective. A micro-dose of Promi-Ald can be labeled with the PET-radioemitter
                                         Zirconium89 for PET-CT imaging. Because it is used in micro-dosing form, it requires
                                         minimal product development.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Non-Promitil
based product</B>: PLAD (dual drug liposome with doxorubicin and alendronate), which Lipomedix hopes will soon be licensed by
Yissum-Shaare Zedek Scientific to Lipomedix, is a unique chemo-immunotherapeutic tool developed by Dr. Gabizon&rsquo;s team that
provides two therapeutic modalities in one single formulation, that may be effective in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and Kaposi
sarcoma.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Review
and Approval of Drugs in the United States</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the United States, the FDA approves and regulates drugs under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and implementing
regulations. The failure to comply with requirements under the FDCA and other applicable laws at any time during the product development
process, approval process or after approval may subject an applicant and/or sponsor to a variety of administrative or judicial
sanctions, including refusal by the FDA to approve pending applications, withdrawal of an approval, imposition of a clinical hold,
issuance of warning letters and other types of letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production
or distribution, injunctions, fines, refusals of government contracts, restitution, disgorgement of profits, or civil or criminal
investigations and penalties brought by the FDA and the Department of Justice or other governmental entities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
of the Pharmaceuticals Investment Companies product candidates must be approved by the FDA through a New Drug Application, or
NDA. An applicant seeking approval to market and distribute a new drug product in the United States must typically undertake the
following:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">completion
                                         of preclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies in compliance
                                         with the FDA&rsquo;s good laboratory practice, or GLP, regulations;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">submission
                                         to the FDA of an Investigational New Drug, or IND, application, which must take effect
                                         before human clinical trials may begin;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">approval
                                         by an independent institutional review board, or IRB, representing each clinical site
                                         before each clinical trial may be initiated;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">performance
                                         of adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials in accordance with good clinical
                                         practices, or GCP, to establish the safety and efficacy of the proposed drug product
                                         for each indication;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">preparation
                                         and submission to the FDA of a NDA requesting marketing for one or more proposed indications;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">review
                                         by an FDA advisory committee, where appropriate or if applicable;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">satisfactory
                                         completion of one or more FDA inspections of the manufacturing facility or facilities
                                         at which the product, or components thereof, are produced to assess compliance with current
                                         Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP, requirements and to assure that the facilities,
                                         methods and controls are adequate to preserve the product&rsquo;s identity, strength,
                                         quality and purity;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">satisfactory
                                         completion of FDA audits of clinical trial sites to assure compliance with GCPs and the
                                         integrity of the clinical data;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">payment
                                         of user fees and securing FDA approval of the NDA; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">compliance
                                         with any post-approval requirements, including the potential requirement to implement
                                         a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, or REMS, and the potential requirement to
                                         conduct post-approval studies.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Before
an applicant begins testing a compound with potential therapeutic value in humans, the drug candidate enters the preclinical testing
stage. Preclinical studies include laboratory evaluation of product chemistry, toxicity and formulation, and the purity and stability
of the drug substance, as well as in vitro and animal studies to assess the potential safety and activity of the drug for initial
testing in humans and to establish a rationale for therapeutic use. The conduct of the preclinical tests must comply with federal
regulations and requirements including good laboratory practices. The sponsor must submit the results of the preclinical tests,
together with manufacturing information, analytical data, any available clinical data or literature and a proposed clinical protocol,
to the FDA as part of the IND. An IND is an exemption from the FDCA that allows an unapproved drug to be shipped in interstate
commerce for use in an investigational clinical trial and a request for FDA authorization to administer an investigational drug
to humans. Such authorization must be secured prior to interstate shipment and administration of any new drug that is not the
subject of an approved NDA, The IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA places the
clinical trial on a clinical hold within that 30-day time period. In such a case, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any
outstanding concerns before the clinical trial can begin. The FDA may also impose clinical holds on a drug candidate at any time
before or during clinical trials due to safety concerns or non-compliance.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
sponsor may choose, but is not required, to conduct a foreign clinical study under an IND. When a foreign clinical study is conducted
under an IND, all FDA IND requirements must be met unless waived. When the foreign clinical study is not conducted under an IND,
the sponsor must ensure that the study complies with FDA certain regulatory requirements in order to use the study as support
for an IND or application for marketing approval. Specifically, on April&nbsp;28, 2008, the FDA amended its regulations governing
the acceptance of foreign clinical studies not conducted under an investigational new drug application as support for an IND or
a new drug application. The final rule provides that such studies must be conducted in accordance with GCP, including review and
approval by an independent ethics committee, or IEC, and informed consent from subjects. The GCP requirements in the final rule
encompass both ethical and data integrity standards for clinical studies. The FDA&rsquo;s regulations are intended to help ensure
the protection of human subjects enrolled in non-IND foreign clinical studies, as well as the quality and integrity of the resulting
data. They further help ensure that non-IND foreign studies are conducted in a manner comparable to that required for IND studies.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Clinical
trials involve the administration of the investigational product to human subjects under the supervision of qualified investigators
in accordance with GCP requirements, which include, among other things, the requirement that all research subjects provide their
informed consent in writing before their participation in any clinical trial. Clinical trials are conducted under written study
protocols detailing, among other things, the objectives of the study, inclusion and exclusion criteria, the parameters to be used
in monitoring safety and the effectiveness criteria to be evaluated. Each protocol must be submitted to the FDA as part of the
IND. In addition, an IRB representing each institution participating in the clinical trial must review and approve the plan for
any clinical trial before it commences at that institution, and the IRB must conduct continuing review and reapprove the study
at least annually. The IRB must review and approve, among other things, the study protocol and informed consent information to
be provided to study subjects.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Human
clinical trials are typically conducted in four sequential phases, which may overlap or be combined:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Phase
1.&nbsp;</I></B>The drug is initially introduced into a small number of healthy human subjects or, in certain indications such
as cancer, patients with the target disease or condition (e.g., cancer) and tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism,
distribution, excretion and, if possible, to gain an early indication of its effectiveness and to determine optimal dosage.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 40pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Phase
2.&nbsp;</I></B>The drug is administered to a limited patient population to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks,
to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy of the product for specific targeted diseases and to determine dosage tolerance and optimal
dosage.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Phase
3.&nbsp;</I></B>These clinical trials are commonly referred to as &ldquo;pivotal&rdquo; studies, which denotes a study which presents
the data that the FDA or other relevant regulatory agency will use to determine whether or not to approve a drug. The drug is
administered to an expanded patient population, generally at geographically dispersed clinical trial sites, in well-controlled
clinical trials to generate enough data to statistically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the product for approval, to establish
the overall risk-benefit profile of the product and to provide adequate information for the labeling of the product.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Phase
4</I></B>. Post-approval studies may be conducted after initial marketing approval. These studies are used to gain additional
experience from the treatment of patients in the intended therapeutic indication.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 40pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Progress
reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA and more frequently if serious
adverse events occur. In addition, IND safety reports must be submitted to the FDA for any of the following: serious and unexpected
suspected adverse reactions; findings from other studies or animal or in vitro testing that suggest a significant risk in humans
exposed to the drug; and any clinically important increase in the case of a serious suspected adverse reaction over that listed
in the protocol or investigator brochure.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Concurrent
with clinical trials, companies often complete additional animal studies and must also develop additional information about the
chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug as well as finalize a process for manufacturing the product in commercial quantities
in accordance with cGMP requirements. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality batches of the
drug candidate and, among other things, must develop methods for testing the identity, strength, quality, purity, and potency
of the final drug. Additionally, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studies must be conducted to
demonstrate that the drug candidate does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
clinical trials are successful, the next step in the drug development process is the preparation and submission to the FDA of
a NDA. The NDA is the vehicle through which drug applicants formally propose that the FDA approve a new drug for marketing and
sale in the United States for one or more indications. The results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials,
along with descriptions of the manufacturing process, analytical tests conducted on the chemistry of the drug, proposed labeling
and other relevant information are submitted to the FDA as part of an NDA requesting approval to market the product. The submission
of an NDA is subject to the payment of substantial user fees; a waiver of such fees may be obtained under certain limited circumstances.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing and may request additional information rather than accepting
an NDA filing. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the FDA begins an in-depth review of the NDA.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
the NDA submission is accepted for filing, the FDA reviews the NDA to determine, among other things, whether the proposed product
is safe and effective for its intended use, and whether the product is being manufactured in accordance with cGMP to assure and
preserve the product&rsquo;s identity, strength, quality and purity. During the approval process, the FDA also will determine
whether a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, or REMS, is necessary to assure the safe use of the drug or biologic. If the
FDA concludes that a REMS is needed, the sponsor of the NDA must submit a proposed REMS; the FDA will not approve the NDA without
a REMS, if required.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Before
approving an NDA, the FDA will inspect the facilities at which the product is to be manufactured. These preapproval inspections
may cover all facilities associated with an NDA submission, including drug component manufacturing (e.g., active pharmaceutical
ingredients), finished drug product manufacturing, and control testing laboratories. The FDA will not approve an application unless
it determines that the manufacturing processes and facilities are in compliance with cGMP requirements and adequate to assure
consistent production of the product within required specifications. Additionally, before approving an NDA, the FDA will typically
inspect one or more clinical sites to assure compliance with GCP.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
FDA is required to refer an application for a novel drug to an advisory committee or explain why such referral was not made. Typically,
an advisory committee is a panel of independent experts, including clinicians and other scientific experts, that reviews, evaluates
and provides a recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under what conditions. The FDA is not bound
by the recommendations of an advisory committee, but it considers such recommendations carefully when making decisions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
the basis of the FDA&rsquo;s evaluation of the NDA and accompanying information, including the results of the inspection of the
manufacturing facilities, the FDA may issue an approval letter or a complete response letter. An approval letter authorizes commercial
marketing of the product with specific prescribing information for specific indications. A complete response letter generally
outlines the deficiencies in the submission and may require substantial additional testing or information in order for the FDA
to reconsider the application. If a complete response letter is issued, the applicant may either resubmit the NDA, addressing
all of the deficiencies identified in the letter, or withdraw the application. If and when those deficiencies have been addressed
to the FDA&rsquo;s satisfaction in a resubmission of the NDA, the FDA will issue an approval letter. The FDA has committed to
reviewing such resubmissions in two or six months depending on the type of information included. Even with submission of this
additional information, the FDA ultimately may decide that the application does not satisfy the regulatory criteria for approval.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be limited to specific diseases and dosages or the indications for use
may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. Further, the FDA may require that certain
contraindications, warnings or precautions be included in the product labeling. In addition, the FDA may require Phase 4 testing
which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a product&rsquo;s safety and effectiveness and may require testing and
surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products that have been commercialized.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Fast
track, breakthrough therapy and priority review designations</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
FDA is authorized to designate certain products for expedited review if they are intended to address an unmet medical need in
the treatment of a serious or life-threatening disease or condition. These programs are, fast track designation, breakthrough
therapy designation, and priority review designation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Accelerated
approval pathway</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product for a serious or life-threatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic
advantage to patients over existing treatments based upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogate endpoint
that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA may also grant accelerated approval for such a condition when the
product has an effect on an intermediate clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity
or mortality, or IMM, and that is reasonably likely to predict an effect on IMM or other clinical benefit, taking into account
the severity, rarity, or prevalence of the condition and the availability or lack of alternative treatments. Products granted
accelerated approval must meet the same statutory standards for safety and effectiveness as those granted traditional approval.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Post-Approval
Requirements</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
drug that receives FDA approval is subject to continuing regulation by the FDA, including, among other things, requirements relating
to recordkeeping, periodic reporting, product sampling and distribution, advertising and promotion and reporting of adverse experiences
with the product. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims,
are subject to prior FDA review and approval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products
and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, as well as new application fees for supplemental applications
with clinical data.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, drug manufacturers and other entities involved in the manufacture and distribution of approved drugs are required to
register their establishments with the FDA and state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA
and these state agencies for compliance with cGMP requirements. Changes to the manufacturing process are strictly regulated and
often require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also require investigation and correction of any deviations
from cGMP and impose reporting and documentation requirements upon the sponsor and any third-party manufacturers that the sponsor
may decide to use. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money, and effort in the area of production and quality
control to maintain cGMP compliance.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Once
an approval is granted, the FDA may withdraw the approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained
or if problems occur after the product reaches the market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including
adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements,
may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of post-market studies or clinical
trials to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution or other restrictions under a REMS program. Other potential consequences
include, among other things:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">restrictions
                                         on the marketing or manufacturing of the product, suspension of the approval, or complete
                                         withdrawal of the product from the market or product recalls;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">fines,
                                         warning letters or holds on post-approval clinical trials;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">refusal
                                         of the FDA to approve pending NDAs or supplements to approved NDAs, or suspension or
                                         revocation of product license approvals;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">product
                                         seizure or detention, or refusal to permit the import or export of products; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">injunctions
                                         or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
FDA strictly regulates marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of products that are placed on the market. Drugs may be
promoted only for the approved indications and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agencies
actively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off-label uses, and a company that is found to have improperly
promoted off-label uses may be subject to significant liability.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, the distribution of prescription pharmaceutical products is subject to the Prescription Drug Marketing Act, or PDMA,
and its implementing regulations, as well as the Drug Supply Chain Security Act, or DSCA, which regulate the distribution and
tracing of prescription drugs and prescription drug samples at the federal level, and set minimum standards for the regulation
of drug distributors by the states. The PDMA, its implementing regulations and state laws limit the distribution of prescription
pharmaceutical product samples, and the DSCA imposes requirements to ensure accountability in distribution and to identify and
remove counterfeit and other illegitimate products from the market.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Abbreviated
new drug applications for generic drugs</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
1984, with passage of the Hatch-Waxman Amendments to the FDCA, Congress established an abbreviated regulatory scheme authorizing
the FDA to approve generic drugs that are shown to contain the same active ingredients as, and to be bioequivalent to, drugs previously
approved by the FDA pursuant to NDAs. To obtain approval of a generic drug, an applicant must submit an abbreviated new drug application,
or ANDA, to the agency. An ANDA is a comprehensive submission that contains, among other things, data and information pertaining
to the active pharmaceutical ingredient, bioequivalence, drug product formulation, specifications and stability of the generic
drug, as well as analytical methods, manufacturing process validation data and quality control procedures. ANDAs are &ldquo;abbreviated&rdquo;
because they generally do not include preclinical and clinical data to demonstrate safety and effectiveness. Instead, in support
of such applications, a generic manufacturer may rely on the preclinical and clinical testing previously conducted for a drug
product previously approved under an NDA, known as the reference-listed drug, or RLD.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>505(b)(2)
NDAs</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
an alternative path to FDA approval for modifications to formulations or uses of products previously approved by the FDA pursuant
to an NDA, an applicant may submit an NDA under Section&nbsp;505(b)(2) of the FDCA. Section&nbsp;505(b)(2) was enacted as part
of the Hatch-Waxman Amendments and permits the filing of an NDA where at least some of the information required for approval comes
from studies not conducted by, or for, the applicant. If the 505(b)(2) applicant can establish that reliance on FDA&rsquo;s previous
findings of safety and effectiveness is scientifically and legally appropriate, it may eliminate the need to conduct certain preclinical
or clinical studies of the new product. The FDA may also require companies to perform additional studies or measurements, including
clinical trials, to support the change from the previously approved reference drug. The FDA may then approve the new product candidate
for all, or some, of the label indications for which the reference drug has been approved, as well as for any new indication sought
by the 505(b)(2) applicant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Pediatric
studies and exclusivity</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under
the Pediatric Research Equity Act, an NDA or supplement thereto must contain data that are adequate to assess the safety and effectiveness
of the drug product for the claimed indications in all relevant pediatric subpopulations, and to support dosing and administration
for each pediatric subpopulation for which the product is safe and effective. With enactment of FDASIA 2012, sponsors must also
submit pediatric study plans prior to the assessment data. Those plans must contain an outline of the proposed pediatric study
or studies the applicant plans to conduct, including study objectives and design, any deferral or waiver requests, and any other
information required by regulation. The applicant, the FDA, and the FDA&rsquo;s internal review committee must then review the
information submitted, consult with each other, and agree upon a final plan. The FDA or the applicant may request an amendment
to the plan at any time. The FDA may, on its own initiative or at the request of the applicant, grant deferrals for submission
of some or all pediatric data until after approval of the product for use in adults, or full or partial waivers from the pediatric
data requirements. Additional requirements and procedures relating to deferral requests and requests for extension of deferrals
are contained in FDASIA. Unless and until FDA promulgates a regulation stating otherwise, the pediatric data requirements do not
apply to products with orphan designation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Orphan
drug designation and exclusivity</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under
the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may designate a drug product as an &ldquo;orphan drug&rdquo; if it is intended to treat a rare disease
or condition, generally meaning that it affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States, or more in cases in which
there is no reasonable expectation that the cost of developing and making a drug product available in the United States for treatment
of the disease or condition will be recovered from sales of the product. A company must request orphan drug designation before
submitting an NDA for the drug and rare disease or condition. If the request is granted, the FDA will disclose the identity of
the therapeutic agent and its potential use. Orphan drug designation does not shorten the PDUFA goal dates for the regulatory
review and approval process, although it does convey certain advantages such as tax benefits and exemption from the PDUFA application
fee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Patent
term restoration and extension</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
patent claiming a new drug product or its method of use may be eligible for a limited patent term extension, also known as patent
term restoration, under the Hatch-Waxman Act, which permits a patent restoration of up to five years for patent term lost during
product development and the FDA regulatory review. Patent term extension is generally available only for drug products whose active
ingredient has not previously been approved by the FDA. The restoration period granted is typically one-half the time between
the effective date of an IND and the submission date of an NDA, plus the time between the submission date of an NDA and the ultimate
approval date. Patent term extension cannot be used to extend the remaining term of a patent past a total of 14 years from the
product&rsquo;s approval date. Only one patent applicable to an approved drug product is eligible for the extension, and the application
for the extension must be submitted prior to the expiration of the patent in question. A patent that covers multiple drugs for
which approval is sought can only be extended in connection with one of the approvals. The United States Patent and Trademark
Office reviews and approves the application for any patent term extension in consultation with the FDA.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>FDA
approval and regulation of companion diagnostics</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
safe and effective use of a therapeutic depends on an&nbsp;<I>in vitro&nbsp;</I>diagnostic, then the FDA generally will require
approval or clearance of that diagnostic, known as a companion diagnostic, at the same time that the FDA approves the therapeutic
product. In August 2014, the FDA issued final guidance clarifying the requirements that will apply to approval of therapeutic
products and&nbsp;<I>in vitro</I>&nbsp;companion diagnostics. According to the guidance, for novel drugs, a companion diagnostic
device and its corresponding therapeutic should be approved or cleared contemporaneously by the FDA for the use indicated in the
therapeutic product&rsquo;s labeling.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Review
and Approval of Drugs in Europe and other Foreign Jurisdictions</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to regulations in the United States, a manufacturer is subject to a variety of regulations in foreign jurisdictions to
the extent they choose to sell any drug products in those foreign countries. Even if a manufacturer obtains FDA approval of a
product, it must still obtain the requisite approvals from regulatory authorities in foreign countries prior to the commencement
of clinical trials or marketing of the product in those countries. To obtain regulatory approval of an investigational drug or
biological product in the European Union, a manufacturer must submit a marketing authorization application to the European Medicines
Agency or EMA. For other countries outside of the European Union, such as countries in Eastern Europe, Latin America or Asia,
the requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary from country to country.
In all cases, clinical trials are to be conducted in accordance with GCP and the applicable regulatory requirements and the ethical
principles that have their origin in the Declaration of Helsinki.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 22.5pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Pharmaceutical
Coverage, Pricing and Reimbursement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the United States and markets in other countries, patients who are prescribed treatments for their conditions and providers performing
the prescribed services generally rely on third-party payors to reimburse all or part of the associated healthcare costs. Patients
are unlikely to use our products unless coverage is provided and reimbursement is adequate to cover a significant portion of the
cost of our products. Significant uncertainty exists as to the coverage and reimbursement status of products approved by the FDA
and other government authorities. Even if our product candidate is approved, sales of our products will depend, in part, on the
extent to which third-party payors, including government health programs in the United States such as Medicare and Medicaid, commercial
health insurers and managed care organizations, provide coverage, and establish adequate reimbursement levels for, such products.
The process for determining whether a payor will provide coverage for a product may be separate from the process for setting the
price or reimbursement rate that the payor will pay for the product once coverage is approved. Third-party payors are increasingly
challenging the prices charged, examining the medical necessity, and reviewing the cost-effectiveness of medical products and
services and imposing controls to manage costs. Third-party payors may limit coverage to specific products on an approved list,
also known as a formulary, which might not include all of the approved products for a particular indication.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the foreign, federal and state levels directed
at broadening the availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. Such reforms could have an adverse
effect on anticipated revenue from product candidates that the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies may successfully develop and
for which they may obtain marketing approval and may affect their overall financial condition and ability to develop product candidates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Healthcare
Law and Regulation</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to FDA restrictions on marketing of drug products, federal and state fraud and abuse laws restrict business practices
in the pharmaceutical industry. Restrictions under applicable federal and state healthcare laws and regulations include the following:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully
                                         offering, paying, soliciting or receiving remuneration to induce or in return for purchasing,
                                         leasing, ordering, or arranging for or recommending the purchase, lease, or order of
                                         any item or service reimbursable under Medicare, Medicaid or other federal healthcare
                                         programs;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         federal False Claims Act, which prohibits any person from knowingly presenting, or causing
                                         to be presented, a false claim for payment to the federal government or knowingly making,
                                         using, or causing to be made or used a false record or statement material to a false
                                         or fraudulent claim to the federal government;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, which
                                         created additional federal criminal laws that prohibit, among other things, knowingly
                                         and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare
                                         benefit program or making false statements relating to healthcare matters;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">HIPAA,
                                         as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act,
                                         and their respective implementing regulations, including the Final Omnibus Rule published
                                         in January 2013, which impose obligations, including mandatory contractual terms, with
                                         respect to safeguarding the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable
                                         health information;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         civil monetary penalties statute, which imposes penalties against any person who is determined
                                         to have presented or caused to be presented a claim to a federal health program that
                                         the person knows or should know is for an item or service that was not provided as claimed
                                         or is false or fraudulent;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                         federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act, which requires certain manufacturers of drugs,
                                         devices, biologics and medical supplies to report annually to the Centers for Medicare
                                         &amp; Medicaid Services, information related to payments and other transfers of value
                                         made by that entity to physicians and teaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment
                                         interests held by physicians and their immediate family members; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">analogous
                                         state and foreign laws and regulations, such as state anti-kickback and false claims
                                         laws, which may apply to healthcare items or services that are reimbursed by non-governmental
                                         third-party payors, including private insurers.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">state
                                         laws requiring pharmaceutical companies to comply with the pharmaceutical industry&rsquo;s
                                         voluntary compliance guidelines and the relevant compliance guidance promulgated by the
                                         federal government. State and foreign laws also govern the privacy and security of health
                                         information in some circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant
                                         ways and often are not preempted by HIPAA, thus complicating compliance efforts.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Our
Strategy</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Real
Estate </I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
strategy related to our real estate business includes:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">capitalizing
                                         on knowledge of the marketplaces to enhance its leasing and property management capabilities
                                         in order to achieve stabilized occupancy.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">attracting
                                         additional tenants to its buildings and public parking garage;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">selectively
                                         seeking to acquire properties to create incremental cash flow and capital appreciation;
                                         and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">executing
                                         timely dispositions through sales or joint ventures. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Pharmaceutical
Investments</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
plan to continue to invest in Rafael Pharmaceuticals and Lipomedix as needed in order for those companies to execute on their
plans and continue clinical trials as warranted by results and developments while continuing to seek other opportunities to invest
in similar pharmaceutical companies.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Rafael
Pharmaceuticals</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Pharmaceuticals&rsquo; vision is to be the premier cancer bioenergetics/metabolism firm designing drugs to attack the proteins
and enzymes reconfigured, re-regulated, and repurposed in cancer and responsible for the unique metabolic features of tumors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
February 2017, Rafael Pharmaceuticals successfully completed an End of Phase I meeting with the FDA. The FDA approved the initiation
of pivotal / registrational trial of CPI-613 in first-line metastatic pancreatic cancer and elderly patients with relapsed or
refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Accordingly, Rafael Pharmaceuticals is preparing to initiate these two registrational trials
by mid 2018. With the current plan, if the clinical trials are successful, Rafael Pharmaceuticals anticipates that CPI-613 will
get approval for pancreatic cancer and acute myeloid leukemia by 2021, but delays may alter the timeframe. In addition to these
above mentioned three indications, Rafael Pharmaceuticals is also investigating CPI-613 in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Burkitt&rsquo;s
Lymphoma/Double-Hit Lymphoma and investigator sponsored study is underway for these indications.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Lipomedix</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
strategy for Lipomedix is as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Continue
                                         clinical development of Promitil for colon cancer with phase 2B. This study be done under
                                         an IND of the FDA and will take place in Israel, the USA, and optionally in other countries
                                         of Europe or Latin-America.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 71.3pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
                                         parallel, conduct exploratory trials of Promitil in combination with radiotherapy in
                                         Israel and, possibly, the USA, after consultation with the FDA on the best regulatory
                                         path for approval.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 71.3pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Explore
                                         other indications and combinations of Promitil with other chemotherapeutic or immunotherapeutic
                                         agents in small investigator-initiated or company-sponsored clinical studies.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 71.3pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consider
                                         whether to proceed with Orphan Disease Designation (Pancreatic cancer), another avenue
                                         of clinical development to pursue, particularly in combination with Onivyde or taxanes
                                         (paclitaxel, Abraxane) given the well-known synergy between mitomycin-C and irinotecan,
                                         and Lipomedix&rsquo; preclinical results demonstrating synergistic activity when Promitil
                                         is combined with paclitaxel. Attempt to engage IPSEN (Onivyde) or Celgene (Abraxane)
                                         in cooperative studies with these drug combinations.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 71.3pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Continue
                                         research and development, toxicity, and product development of Lipomedix&rsquo;s pipeline
                                         aiming at out-licensing for Folate-targeted Promitil (PromiFol) and PromiDox. Similarly,
                                         if and when the PLAD license is transferred to Lipomedix, a similar strategy will be
                                         adopted.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Competition</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">With
respect to our real estate business, we compete for commercial tenants in the areas our buildings are located.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are characterized by rapidly advancing technologies, intense competition and a strong
emphasis on proprietary products. While Rafael Pharmaceuticals believes that Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rsquo; technology, development
experience and scientific knowledge provide us with competitive advantages, Rafael Pharmaceuticals faces potential competition
from many different companies, including major pharmaceutical, specialty pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic
institutions and governmental agencies and public and private research institutions. Any product candidates that Rafael Pharmaceuticals
successfully develops and commercializes will compete with existing therapies and new therapies that may become available in the
future.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Pharmaceuticals competes in the segments of the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other related markets that address cancer metabolism.
There are other companies working to develop therapies in the field of cancer metabolism. These companies include divisions of
large pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies of various sizes. . These companies include large pharmaceutical companies,
including AstraZeneca plc, Eli Lilly and Company, Roche Holdings Inc. and its subsidiary Genentech, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline plc,
Merck&nbsp;&amp; Co., Novartis, Pfizer, Inc., and Genzyme, a Sanofi company. There are also biotechnology companies of various
sizes that are developing therapies to target cancer metabolism, including: 3V Biosciences, Threshold Pharmaceuticals, Eleison
Pharmaceuticals, Forma Therapeutics, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Calithera Biosciences, Inc.,
Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Forma Therapeutics Holdings LLC, Shire Biochem Inc., Raze Therapeutics, Inc. and Selvita S.A.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lipomedix
faces competition from (i) other liposome and nanomedicine products in solid tumors (for example, Doxil (Janssen), Onivyde (Ipsen),
Abraxane (Celgene)); (ii) other non-liposomal chemotherapeutic drugs in gastrointestinal malignancies recently developed or under
development (for example, TAS-102 (Taiho) in colorectal cancer); (iii) biological therapy (mostly small molecule kinase inhibitors)
recently developed or under development for colon cancer (for example (Regorafenib (Bayer)); (iv) immunotherapy approaches in
gastrointestinal malignancies (for example Merck USA): antibodies (and/or vaccinations); and (v) large companies such as Roche.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Intellectual
Property</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Licenses</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Pharmaceuticals maintain an exclusive license agreement with the Research Foundation of the State University of New York at Stony
Brook, or RF, granting Rafael Pharmaceuticals the exclusive right to make, use and sell products covered under specified RF patents
relating to lipoic acid derivatives with the right to grant sublicenses. This license agreement was subsequently amended in 2004,
2007 and 2017 and relates to Rafael&rsquo;s AEMD class of compounds.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lipomedix
maintains an exclusive license agreement with Yissum Research and Development Company (Yissum), the technology transfer arm of
the Hebrew University of Jerusalem granting Lipomedix the exclusive right to make, use and sell products covered under specified
patents relating to the mitomycin lipophilic prodrug and its liposomal formulation with the right to grant sublicenses. In addition,
Lipomedix is in the process of negotiating the license of a patent application (inventors: Gabizon et al.) from Yissum and Shaare
Zedek Scientific on a novel dual drug liposome formulation (PLAD) for chemo-immunotherapy of cancer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Patents</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael&nbsp;Pharmaceuticals
patents its technology, inventions, and improvements that it considers important to the development of its business. A patent
gives the patent holder the right to exclude any unauthorized use of the subject matter of the patent in those jurisdictions in
which a patent is granted. As of December 2017, Rafael Pharmaceuticals owns or in-licenses over ten U.S. patents, over forty foreign
patents registered in various countries, five pending U.S. patent applications, and over twenty pending foreign patent applications.
Additional patent applications will be filed as studies continue. Patents that Rafael Pharmaceuticals has obtained for its platform
technologies and patents that may issue in the future based on Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rsquo; currently pending patent applications
for its platform technologies are scheduled to expire in years 2028 through 2034.&nbsp; The term of patent protection for certain
platform technologies may be eligible for extension by up to five years in countries that permit patent term extension, or similar
extensions, to recapture a portion of the patent term consumed as a result of government agency regulatory review of a pharmaceutical
product. &nbsp;Thus, patent protection for certain of our platform technologies that would be scheduled to expire in year 2028
could be extended by up to five years to provide patent protection through year 2033 in the U.S. and other countries that permit
patent term extension, or similar extensions, to recapture a portion of the patent term consumed as a result of government agency
regulatory review of a pharmaceutical product.&nbsp; Rafael Pharmaceuticals has worldwide rights unencumbered with any partnerships,
and has obtained U.S. orphan drug designation for CPI-613 in the treatment of MDS, AML and pancreatic carcinoma.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lipomedix
has two granted patents licensed from Yissum each with 20- year expiration terms: 1. Patent WO2000/064484 (filed April 2000: expected
20-year expiry term April 2020) &quot;Conjugate having Cleavable Linkage for use in a Liposome&quot; This patent relates to conjugates
of a hydrophobic moiety (such as a lipid) linked through a cleavable dithiobenzyl linkage to a therapeutic agent (such as MMC).
2. Patent WO2004/110497 (filed April 2004: expected 20-year expiry term 2024) &quot;Mitomycin Conjugates Cleavable by Thiols&quot;
or &quot;Method for Treating Multi-Drug Resistant Tumors&quot;. The US patent relates to a method for administering Mitomycin-C
to a multi-drug resistant cell by using a liposome, and a method for reducing the in vivo cytotoxicity of Mitomycin-C using a
liposome composition. In addition, Lipomedix has four published international patent applications covering the combination of
Promitil with other chemotherapies and with radiotherapy, its application to the treatment of bladder tumors (Folate-targeted
Promitil or PromiFol), and its co-encapsulation with doxorubicin (PromiDox, the &ldquo;SuperDoxil&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Employees</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of July 31, 2017, we had 12 employees all dedicated to the real estate group while Rafael Pharmaceuticals employs 12 full-time
employees as well as part-time employees and consultants who are involved in research and development and Lipomedix employs two
full-time employees and two part-time employees.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Manufacturing</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies do not own or operate, and currently have no plans to establish, any manufacturing facilities.
The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies currently rely, and expect to continue to rely, on third parties for the manufacture of
their product candidates for preclinical and clinical testing, as well as for commercial manufacture of any products that they
may commercialize. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies obtain our supplies from these manufacturers on a purchase order basis
and do not have a long-term supply arrangement in place. The Pharmaceutical Investment Companies do not currently have arrangements
in place for redundant supply for bulk drug substance. For all of the product candidates, the Pharmaceutical Investment Companies
intend to identify and qualify additional manufacturers to provide the active pharmaceutical ingredient and the formulation and
fill-and-finish services prior to submission of a new drug application to the FDA or along the first steps of marketing.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
Rafael Pharmaceuticals, the compounds are organic compounds of low molecular weight, generally called small molecules. They can
be manufactured in reliable and reproducible synthetic processes from readily available starting materials. The chemistry is amenable
to scale-up and does not require unusual equipment in the manufacturing process. Rafael Pharmaceuticals expects to continue to
develop drug candidates that can be produced cost-effectively at contract manufacturing facilities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lipomedix&rsquo;s
Promitil and other pipeline candidates, are based on an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) referred to as MLP (abbreviation
of mitomycin-C lipid-based prodrug) that is formulated into customized nanoparticles. These nanoparticles consist of lipids and
a polyethylene-glycol (PEG) polymer and are known as pegylated liposomes. MLP is currently synthesized by a third party using
a proprietary, reliable and reproducible synthetic process from readily available raw materials. The MLP API is then shipped to
another third-party facility specialized in liposome manufacture for clinical use. In principle, a single batch of API can serve
for manufacture of several batches of Promitil liposomes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Pharmaceutical Investment Companies generally expect to rely on third parties for the manufacture of any companion diagnostics
we develop.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Facilities</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
principal executive office is located in 520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Pharmaceuticals leases 10,283 square feet of fully-equipped laboratory and administrative offices in Cranbury, New Jersey. The
lease commenced on July 24, 2006 and was renewed for a 7 year term in August 2016 and ending on July 31, 2023. The annual base
rent is $217,588 annually increasing to $250,185 commencing on August 1, 2021</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lipomedix
has a Research and Services agreement with Shaare Zedek Scientific Ltd. by which laboratory space at Shaare Zedek Medical Center
is used for R&amp;D activities. This agreement is conditioned to grant support for the Shaare Zedek Oncology department either
directly from Lipomedix or indirectly through the Israel Innovation Authority Fund (Israel Chief Scientist Office). This arrangement
has been going on since 2012, and the grant support is negotiable and renewed on an annual basis. However, there can be no guarantees
that Shaare Zedek will continue this agreement in the future.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lipomedix
leases a small Administrative Office in Giv&rsquo;at Ram Hi-Tech Park from the Hebrew University on an annual basis for $3,600.
This lease agreement has been extended till 2021.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>MANAGEMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Directors
and Executive Officers</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Set
forth below is information concerning our executive officers and directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 34%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Name</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Age</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 54%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Position</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Howard
    S. Jonas</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">61</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chairman
    of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Menachem
    Ash</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">46</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">President
    and General Counsel </FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David
    Polinsky</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">47</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Financial Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stephen
    Greenberg</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">73</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Boris
    C. Pasche</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">56</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Michael
    J. Weiss</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">66</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Set
forth below is biographical information with respect to the Company&rsquo;s executive officers and directors:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Howard
S. Jonas</I></B> serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company and Chief Executive Officer.&nbsp; Mr. Jonas has
been a director of Rafael Pharmaceuticals since April 2013 and was appointed Chairman of the Board in April 2016.&nbsp;Mr. Jonas
founded IDT in August 1990, and has served as Chairman of its Board of Directors since its inception. Mr. Jonas has served as
Chief Executive Officer of IDT from October 2009 through December 2013. Mr. Jonas has served as Chairman of the Board of Directors
of Genie Energy Ltd. since January, 2011, when it was spun off from IDT, and as Chief Executive Officer of Genie from January
2014 until November 2017. He has served as Co-Vice Chairman of Genie&rsquo;s subsidiary, Genie Energy International Corporation,
since September 2009. He has been a director of IDT Energy since June 2007 and a director of American Shale Oil Corporation LLC
since January 2008. Mr. Jonas served as the Chairman of the Board of Zedge, Inc., a former subsidiary of IDT that was spun off
to stockholders in June 2016, from June 2016 to November 2016, and as the Vice Chairman of Zedge since November 2016. Mr. Jonas
also serves as the Chairman of the Board of IDW Media Holdings, Inc., a former subsidiary of IDT that was spun off to stockholders
in September 2009.&nbsp; Mr. Jonas is also the founder and has been President of Jonas Media Group (f/k/a Jonas Publishing) since
its inception in 1979. Mr. Jonas received a B.A. in Economics from Harvard University.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Key
Attributes, Experience and Skills:</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
founder of the Company and Chairman of the Board since its inception, Mr. Jonas brings to the Board extensive and detailed knowledge
of all aspects of our Company and each industry in which it is involved. In addition, having Mr. Jonas on the Board provides our
Company with effective leadership.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Menachem
Ash</I></B>&nbsp;serves as the Company&rsquo;s President and General Counsel. He has served as Executive Vice President of Strategy
and Legal Affairs of IDT since October 2012. Mr. Ash served as the managing attorney of IDT&rsquo;s legal department from June
2011 to October 2012. Mr. Ash has served as senior counsel to several IDT divisions since he joined IDT in July 2004, including
IDT Telecom and IDT Carmel. Prior to joining IDT, Mr. Ash served as General Counsel to Telstar International, Inc., a telecommunications
services provider. Mr. Ash also worked at KPMG as a senior associate in its tax group focusing on financial services and technology
companies. He is a graduate of Brooklyn College and the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>David
Polinsky </I></B>has served as Chief Financial Officer of the Company since December 2017. Mr. Polinsky co-founded Rafael Pharmaceuticals
and has served as its Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary from 2002, and as President, General Counsel and
Secretary since 2016. It is anticipated that those relationships with Rafael Pharmaceuticals will terminate upon consummation
of the spin-off. He also served on Rafael Pharmaceutical&rsquo;s Board from 2002 until 2014.&nbsp; Mr. Polinsky also serves as
Chairman of the Board of TheGiftBox, a company he co-founded in the technology sector.&nbsp; Prior to co-founding Rafael Pharmaceuticals,
he served as Vice President and General Counsel for a New York-based real estate focused investment and management company, Square
Management Corp., leading the investment analysis in and management of residential, office, retail and development properties.
Previously and in partnership with the Honorable Edward I. Koch, former Mayor of New York City, Mr. Polinsky founded and served
as CEO of a company that licensed and developed TheLaw.com. Mr. Polinsky earned his Juris Doctorate from Fordham University School
of Law in 1996 and his Bachelor of Arts from Yeshiva University.&nbsp; Mr. Polinsky also earned the CFA Institute&rsquo;s Investment
Foundations certificate.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Stephen
Greenberg</I></B> has served as a director since March 2018 and served as a director of Zedge, Inc. (NYSE American: ZDGE) from
May 23, 2016 to January 2018. Mr. Greenberg has been managing member of Pilgrim Mediation Group since May 2012 and managing member
of Bento Box Entertainment since January 2013. Mr. Greenberg previously served as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
of Net2Phone, Inc. and of IDT Spectrum, Inc. from 2002 to 2006. In April 2015, Mr. Greenberg was elected the 29th Chairman of
the Board the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations, the central coordinating body on international
and national concerns for 50 National Jewish Organizations. Immediately prior to his election, Mr. Greenberg served as Chairman
of the National Coalition for Eurasian Jewry. Mr. Greenberg has been a member of the board of American Friends of Beit Hatfusot
since 1995 and previously served as the organization&rsquo;s President and a member of the board of Tel Aviv Foundation since
2005. Mr. Greenberg was also a member of the board of International Hillel from 2006 to 2012. Mr. Greenberg received a B.A. in
English Cum Laude from Washington &amp; Jefferson College in 1965 and a J.D. with honors from George Washington University in
1968.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Key
Attributes, Experience and Skills:</I>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr.
Greenberg is a seasoned professional and executive. He has overseen and advised companies as CEO as well as an attorney and in
other capacities. Steve&rsquo;s experience running Net2Phone will bring to the Board the perspective of an executive of a developing
company that was newly public and dealing with the challenges of that position. His problem-solving skills, proven through his
experience as an attorney, a mediator and a leader in public service, as well as his broad contacts in numerous fields, will also
serve our Company well.<B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Boris
C. Pasche, MD, Ph.D.,</I></B> has served as a director since March 2018 and is co-founder, member and Chief Executive Officer
of TheraBionic LLC and TheraBionic GmbH, companies focused on the commercialization of its first oncology application: treatment
of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Since 2014, Dr. Pasche has served as attending physician at Wake Forest Medical Center,
director at Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center and is chairman and holds the Charles L. Spurr Endowed Chair in Cancer
Research, Department of Cancer Biology at Wake Forest University. Dr. Pasche is currently a member of the board of The Foundation
for Research on Information Technologies in Society USA, Inc. From 2013 until 2016, Dr. Pasche served as associate editor of The
Journal of the American Medical Association and prior to 2013 as contributing editor. From 2008 until 2014, Dr. Pasche was director
of the Division of Hematology/Oncology of the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) and Professor of Medicine with tenure,
Martha Ann and David L. May Chair in Cancer Research. Dr. Pasche was associate director for Translational Research of the UAB
Comprehensive Cancer Center between 2008 and 2009 and from 2009 until 2011 was deputy director of the UAB Comprehensive Cancer
Center. Dr. Pasche currently serves as an editorial board member of The Journal of Precision Medicine, 4Open and serves as associate
editor of The Chinese Journal of Cancer.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr.
Pasche received his M.D. and Ph.D. degrees from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden and a M.D. degree from the University
of Lausanne, Switzerland. Following a postdoctoral fellowship in Dr. Joseph Loscalzo's lab at the Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Dr. Pasche did an internship and residency in Internal Medicine at the New York Hospital, Cornell Medical
Center. Dr. Pasche received his clinical training in Hematology/Oncology at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and did a second
postdoctoral fellowship in the lab of Dr. Joan Massagu&eacute;, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Sloan-Kettering Institute
for Cancer Research.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr.
Pasche has served on multiple study sections for NCI, ACS, AACR, DOD and the Komen Foundation. He received the Ohio State University
Human Cancer Genetics Program Commemorative Medal. He is an elected member of the American Society for Clinical Investigation
(ASCI) and the American Clinical and Climatological Association (ACCA).&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Key
Attributes, Experience and Skills:&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr.
Pasche&rsquo;s extensive and broad experience in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly his experience in developing new treatments
in oncology, will bring perspective and insight to the Board in overseeing the Company&rsquo;s pharmaceutical industry investments.
His perspective as a practicing physician will also provide useful knowledge to the functioning of the Board. His experience with
entities developing new drugs, in clinical trials and in obtaining regulatory approval will be critical in the Board&rsquo;s oversight
function.<B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Michael
J. Weiss, MD, Ph.D., </I></B>has served as a director since March 2018 and has been on staff as an ophthalmologist with the Edward
S. Harkness Eye Institute since 1985 and has served as a director of Uveitis Service since July 1987. Dr.&nbsp;Weiss is a Clinical
Professor of Ophthalmology at Columbia University Medical Center and was Board Certified in Ophthalmology in June 1987. Dr. Weiss
received a Bachelor of Science from Bar-Ilan University, Israel in 1972, a Ph.D. from Columbia University School of Arts and Sciences
in 1976 and a M.D. from Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1981. Dr. Weiss also did a Post-Graduate Fellowship at
Columbia University Institute of Cancer Research from 1976-1977.<B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Key
Attributes, Experience and Skills:&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr.
Weiss as a practicing physician is familiar with medical treatments that will bring perspective and insight to the Board in overseeing
the Company&rsquo;s pharmaceutical investments. Dr. Weiss has also previously served on the boards of public companies his experience
in oversight and corporate governance will serve the Company well.&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Director
Independence&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Board of Directors has determined that majority of our directors are independent under criteria established by the NYSE American.
Specifically, the board determined that Mr. Greenberg and Drs. Pasche and Weiss are independent in accordance with our Corporate
Governance Guidelines and the rules of the NYSE American and other applicable laws.&nbsp; Our current Board of Directors also
includes Howard Jonas.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Controlled
Company Exemption&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Following
the spin-off, we will be a &ldquo;controlled company&rdquo; as defined in section 801(a) of the NYSE American Company Guide because
more than 50% of our voting power will be beneficially held by Howard Jonas. As a &ldquo;controlled company,&rdquo; we will be
exempt from certain NYSE American listing standards As discussed below, we intend to apply the NYSE American &ldquo;controlled
company&rdquo; exemption only for our corporate governance practices with respect to the independence requirements of our Nominating
Committee.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Committees
of the Board of Directors&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Board of Directors has established an Audit Committee, a Nominating Committee, a Compensation Committee, and a Corporate
Governance Committee. All members of the Audit, Compensation and Governance Committees will meet the criteria for
independence as established by NYSE American and under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Each of the Committees is described in
greater detail below. The Board has established written charters for each of the Committees, which will be available on our
website located at <U>www.rafaelholdings.com</U> following the spin-off. Following the spin-off, any changes to the charters
will be reflected on our website.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Audit
Committee</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Audit Committee consists of Mr. Greenberg and Drs. Pasche and Weiss. The principal duties of the Audit Committee under its written
charter will include: (i) responsibilities associated with our external and internal audit staffing and planning; (ii) accounting
and financial reporting issues associated with our financial statements and filings with the SEC; (iii) financial and accounting
organization and internal controls; (iv) auditor independence and approval of non-audit services; and (v) &ldquo;whistle-blower&rdquo;
procedures for reporting questionable accounting and audit practices.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Audit Committee charter requires that the Committee be comprised of at least two directors, all of whom must be independent under
the NYSE American listing standards and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. In addition, each member of the Audit Committee must be
financially literate within the meaning of the NYSE American listing standards, and at least one member will have sufficient accounting
or financial management expertise to qualify as an &ldquo;audit committee financial expert,&rdquo; as determined by the Board
of Directors in accordance with SEC rules.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Compensation
Committee</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Compensation Committee consists of Mr. Greenberg and Drs. Pasche and Weiss. The principal duties of the Compensation Committee
under its charter will include: (i) ensuring that a succession plan for the Chief Executive Officer is in place; (ii) reviewing
management&rsquo;s recommendations as to compensation for executive officers and making recommendations to the Board of Directors;
(iii) approving the compensation for the Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers; (iv) reviewing and approving compensation
policies and practices for the Company more generally; (v) reviewing and approving major changes in employee benefit plans; (vi)
reviewing short and long-term incentive plans and equity grants; (vii) recommending to the full Board of Directors changes to
the compensation of the independent members of the Board of Directors; and (viii) administering our Stock Option and Incentive
Plan. The Compensation Committee charter will require that the Committee be comprised of at least two directors, both of whom
must be independent under our Corporate Governance Guidelines.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Corporate
Governance Committee</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Corporate Governance Committee consists of Mr. Greenberg and Drs. Pasche and Weiss. The principal duties of the Corporate Governance
Committee under its charter will include: (i) reviewing our Corporate Governance Guidelines and other policies and governing documents
and recommending revisions as appropriate; (ii) reviewing any potential conflicts of independent directors&nbsp;and establishing
director independence; (iii) reviewing and monitoring related person transactions; and (iv) overseeing the self-evaluations of
the Board of Directors, the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee. The Corporate Governance Committee charter will require
that the Committee be comprised of at least two directors, both of whom must be independent under the NYSE American listing standards.</FONT></P>




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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Nominating
Committee</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Nominating Committee consists of Howard Jonas and Mr. Greenberg. The principal duties of the Nominating Committee under its charter
will include: (i) developing the criteria and qualifications for membership on the Board of Directors; (ii) recommending candidates
to fill new or vacant positions on the Board of Directors; and (iii) conducting appropriate inquiries into the backgrounds of
potential candidates. We intend to apply the NYSE American exemption related to a controlled company which allows a &ldquo;controlled
company&rdquo; to be exempted from complying with rules requiring that only independent directors comprise our Nominating Committee.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Governance
Practices</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Following
the spin-off, we will observe corporate governance practices and principal governance documents which are designed to ensure that
we maximize stockholder value in a manner that is consistent with both the legal requirements applicable to us and a business
model that requires our employees to conduct business with the highest standards of integrity. Prior to the spin-off, our Board
of Directors adopted and will adhere to corporate governance principles which the Board and senior management believe promote
this purpose, are sound and represent best practices, and will review these governance practices, the corporate laws of the State
of Delaware under which we were incorporated, the NYSE American listing standards and the regulations of the SEC, as well as best
practices recognized by governance authorities to benchmark the standards under which it operates. Our principal governance documents
will be as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
                                         Governance Guidelines;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Board
                                         of Directors committee charters, including:</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Audit
                                         Committee charter;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nominating
                                         Committee charter;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compensation
                                         Committee charter;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
                                         Governance Committee charter; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Code
                                         of Business Conduct and Ethics.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 61.9pt; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
governance documents will be available following the distribution date on our web site at <U>www.rafaelholdings.com</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Board of Directors, with assistance from its Corporate Governance Committee, will regularly assess our governance practices in
light of legal requirements and governance best practices.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Director
Executive Sessions</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under
our Corporate Governance Guidelines, the outside directors will meet in regularly scheduled executive sessions without management.
We expect that a lead independent director will be selected by the Board of Directors to serve as the presiding director at these
meetings.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Communications
with the Board of Directors</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
the spin-off, stockholders and other interested persons seeking to communicate directly with the Board of Directors, with the
lead independent director or the independent directors as a group, should submit their written comments c/o Lead Independent Director
at our principal executive offices set forth on page 5. The lead independent director will review any such communication at the
next regularly scheduled Board meeting unless, in his or her judgment, earlier communication to the Board is warranted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
a stockholder communication raises concerns about the ethical conduct of us or our management, it should be sent directly to our
Corporate Secretary at our principal executive offices set forth on page 5. The Corporate Secretary will promptly forward a copy
of any such communication to the Chairman of the Audit Committee, and take such actions as they authorize to ensure that the subject
matter is addressed by the appropriate committee of the Board of Directors, by management and/or by the full Board.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Corporate Secretary may filter out and disregard or re-direct (without providing a copy to the directors or advising them of the
communication), or may otherwise handle at his or her discretion, any director communication that falls into any of the following
categories:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Obscene
                                         materials;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unsolicited
                                         marketing or advertising material or mass mailings;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unsolicited
                                         newsletters, newspapers, magazines, books and publications;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Surveys
                                         and questionnaires;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Resumes
                                         and other forms of job inquiries;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Requests
                                         for business contacts or referrals;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Material
                                         that is threatening or illegal; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
                                         communications or materials that are not in writing.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 42.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, the Corporate Secretary may handle in his or her discretion any director communication that can be described as an &ldquo;ordinary
business matter.&rdquo; Such matters include the following:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Routine
                                         questions, service and product complaints and comments that can be appropriately addressed
                                         by management; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 44.65pt; text-indent: -22.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Routine
                                         invoices, bills, account statements and related communications that can be appropriately
                                         addressed by management.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 42.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Code
of Business Conduct and Ethics</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior
to the distribution date, we will adopt a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics which will apply to our directors, Chief Executive
Officer, Chief Financial Officer and all other Rafael employees.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>DIRECTOR
COMPENSATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None
of the Company&rsquo;s directors who will serve on the Board following the spin-off received compensation for their service as
a director prior to the spin-off. Each non-employee director of the Company who attends at least 75% of the regularly scheduled
meetings of the Board of Directors during a calendar year will receive total compensation as will be determined by the Company
prior to the spin-off.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
non-employee director of the Company who attends at least 75% of the regularly scheduled meetings of the Board of Directors during
a calendar year will receive an annual cash retainer of $25,000. Such payment is to be made in January of the calendar year following
attendance of at least 75% of the regularly scheduled Board meetings during the preceding year, and will be pro-rated based on
the quarter for non-employee directors who join the Board of Directors or depart from the Board of Directors during the prior
year, if such director attended 75% of the applicable board meetings for such partial year. The Company&rsquo;s Chief Executive
Officer may, in his discretion, waive the requirement of 75% attendance by a director to receive the annual retainer in the case
of mitigating circumstances.&nbsp;&nbsp; In addition, each non-employee member of our Board of Directors will receive an annual
grant of restricted shares of our Class B common stock (pro rated based on the quarter in which they join the Board).&nbsp;&nbsp;The
number of shares in the annual grant will be fixed following the spin-off to have a value of approximately $25,000 based on the
thirty-day average closing price of the Company&rsquo;s shares of Class B Common Stock on the NYSE American following the spin-off.&nbsp;&nbsp;Shares
will vest in full immediately upon grant.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Compensation Committee believes that our director compensation is fair
and appropriate in light of the responsibilities and obligations of our directors. The Compensation Committee will periodically
review our director compensation practices. Directors do not receive any annual fees for committee services, nor are there any
additional fees paid to the lead independent director or other board or committee roles.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
equity portion of our non-employee director compensation will be reflected in the Company&rsquo;s stock option and incentive plan
to achieve the advantages of a stockholder-approved compensation plan. The Compensation Committee periodically reviews our director
compensation practices.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>EXECUTIVE
COMPENSATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Compensation
of our Named Executive Officers</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior
to the spin-off, Howard Jonas and Menachem Ash were employees of IDT and all compensation for fiscal year 2017 disclosed in the
table below was paid by IDT for services provided by the named executive officers to our business segments and other units of
IDT. During fiscal year 2017, Howard Jonas served as chairman of the board of IDT Menachem Ash served as IDT&rsquo;s Executive
Vice President of Strategy and Legal Affairs.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
historical compensation of Howard Jonas and Menachem Ash was set by IDT management.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SUMMARY
COMPENSATION TABLE&nbsp;(With respect to IDT Corporation)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Name and Principal Position</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Fiscal Year</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Salary</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Bonus</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Stock</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Awards</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Option</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Awards</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>All</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Other</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Compensation</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Howard Jonas <BR> Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2017</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">250,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,366,023</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>(1)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">3,261,198</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>(2)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">17,638</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>(3)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 8%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">4,894,859</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Menachem Ash <BR> President, General <BR> Counsel &nbsp;&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2017</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">370,000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">185,000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6,275</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>(4)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">561,275</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.3in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists
                                         of the value of a grant of 69,624 restricted shares of IDT&rsquo;s Class B Common Stock
                                         granted on January 5, 2017 to vest as to 23,208 shares on each of January 5, 2017, January
                                         5, 2018 and January 5, 2019.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists
                                         of the value of a grant of an option to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of IDT&rsquo;s
                                         Class B Common Stock granted on May 2, 2017 with an exercise price of $14.93 per share
                                         and with certain repurchase rights by IDT that vested in full immediately upon grant<I>.</I></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Represents
                                         dividends paid on unvested restricted shares of IDT Class B Common Stock.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists
                                         of (i) $4,275 in dividends paid on unvested restricted shares of IDT&rsquo;s Class B
                                         Common Stock that were granted to Mr. Ash and (ii) $2,000, which represents the value
                                         of IDT&rsquo;s Class B Common Stock given as a matching contribution to the IDT Corporation
                                         401(k) plan.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Following
the spin-off, the compensation of our executive officers will be determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors
after discussions with management about the recommended levels and components of compensation for each of the individuals. We
anticipate that following the spin-off, our management will recommend to the Compensation Committee that David Polinsky, the Company&rsquo;s
chief financial officer, receive a compensatory grant of 8,000 restricted shares of Class B common stock and that Mr. Ash receive
a compensatory grant of restricted shares of Class B common stock representing 0.5% of the issued and outstanding shares of the
Company upon spin-off (approximately 58,200 shares), to vest on the first, second and third anniversaries of grant. If made, such
restricted stock grants will be made pursuant to our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the &ldquo;Plan&rdquo;). Following the spin-off,
Mr. Jonas&rsquo; annual base salary will be $250,000, Mr. Ash&rsquo;s annual base salary will be $185,000 and Mr. Polinsky&rsquo;s
annual base salary will be $195,000 and each will have the right to receive annual discretionary bonuses.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
general, it is anticipated that each of our executive officers will receive base compensation that is commensurate with the officer&rsquo;s
duties, responsibilities and compensation levels for similarly situated individuals in comparable positions.&nbsp;&nbsp;In addition,
executive officers may receive bonus compensation and compensatory equity-based awards.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
bonus compensation to executive officers will be determined by our Compensation Committee based on factors it deems appropriate,
including the achievement of specific performance targets and our financial and business performance.&nbsp;&nbsp;No such targets
have yet been established.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
compensation awards will generally be granted pursuant to our Plan described below at levels determined by the Compensation Committee.&nbsp;No
grants have been made nor has the Company agreed to any specific grant or level of grants.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Company
Long-Term Incentive Plan</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective
as of the distribution date, a long-term incentive plan was approved by IDT as our sole stockholder on March 8, 2018. The following
is a general description of the plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Objectives.
</I>The plan is designed to attract and retain officers, employees and consultants, to encourage the sense of proprietorship of
such officers, employees and consultants and to stimulate the active interest of such persons in our development and financial
success. These objectives are to be accomplished by making awards under the plan and thereby providing participants with a proprietary
interest in our growth and performance.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Eligibility.
</I>All of our employees, consultants and directors will be eligible for awards under the plan. Our Compensation Committee will
select the participants from time to time by the grant of awards.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Shares
Available for Awards. </I>No shares of our Class A common stock and a number of shares of our Class B common stock to be determined
upon the spin-off and equal to a percentage of the outstanding shares of our common stock following the spin-off will be available
for awards under the plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Administration.
</I>We intend that the plan will be administered by our Compensation Committee. The Committee will have full and exclusive power
to interpret the plan and to adopt such rules, regulations and guidelines for carrying out the plan as they may deem necessary
or proper, all of which powers shall be exercised in our best interests and in keeping with the objectives of the plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Awards.
</I>At the discretion of the Compensation Committee, awards may be in the form of (1) options, representing rights to purchase
a specified number of shares Class B common stock at a specified price; (2) stock appreciation rights, representing rights to
receive a payment, in cash or common stock, equal to the excess of the fair market value or other specified value of a number
of shares of Class B common stock on the rights&rsquo; exercise date over a specified strike price; and (3) grants of restricted
or unrestricted Class B common stock or deferred stock units denominated in Class B common stock. The Compensation Committee will
determine the type or types of awards to be made to each participant under the plan and the terms, conditions and limitations
applicable to each such award. Each award will be embodied in an award agreement containing such terms, conditions and limitations
as determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion, provided that the Compensation Committee may delegate authority
to members of management to approve grants in awards to individuals who are not directors or executive officers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Payment
of Awards. </I>Generally, payment of awards may be made in the form of cash or Class B common stock or combinations thereof and
may include such restrictions as the Compensation Committee determines including, in the case of Class B common stock, as applicable,
restrictions on transfer and forfeiture provisions.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following is a brief description of these awards:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Stock
Options.</B> An award may consist of a right to purchase a specified number of shares of Class B common stock at a price specified
by the Compensation Committee in the award agreement or otherwise. A stock option may be in the form of an incentive stock option
to a participant who is an employee, which in addition to being subject to applicable terms, conditions and limitations established
by the Committee, complies with Section 422 of the Code, or, in the case of participants who are employees or directors, in the
form of a nonqualified option. The plan authorizes the Committee to specify the manner of payment of the option price.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 24.75pt; text-indent: 24.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Stock
Appreciation Rights.</B> A stock appreciation right (&ldquo;SAR&rdquo;), consists of a right to receive a payment, in cash or
Class B common stock, as applicable, equal to the excess of the fair market value or other specified valuation of a specified
number of shares of Class B common stock on the date the SAR is exercised over a specified strike price as set forth in the award
agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 24.75pt; text-indent: 24.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Stock
Awards.</B> A stock award may consist of Class B common stock, as applicable, or may be denominated in units of Class B common
stock, as applicable. All or part of any stock award may be subject to conditions established by the Compensation Committee and
set forth in the award agreement. The Committee may permit dividend equivalents with respect to restricted stock units. Such awards
may be based on fair market value or other specified valuations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 24.75pt; text-indent: 24.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
plan will have reserved for issuance pursuant to awards made under the plan shares of Class B common stock representing 3% of
the anticipated outstanding shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock following the spin-off. This does not include approximately
an additional 714,851 shares to be reserved and awarded to holders of restricted shares of IDT Class B common stock, options to
purchase IDT Class B Stock, deferred stock units related to IDT Class B Stock and other equity awards granted by IDT prior to
the date of the spin-off. In connection with the spin-off, we anticipate granting approximately 112,700 shares under the plan
to our management, other employees and consultants who assisted in the spin-off.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SECURITY
OWNERSHIP BY</B><BR>
<B>CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">One
hundred percent (100%) of the shares of our common stock, are, and will be, prior to the distribution, held beneficially and of
record by IDT. The following table sets forth information concerning shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock
to be beneficially owned immediately after the distribution date by:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">each
                                         person or entity known by us to be the beneficial owner of 5% or more of the outstanding
                                         shares each of IDT&rsquo;s classes of common stock;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">each
                                         person who is one of our directors at the time of the distribution;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">each
                                         person who we currently anticipate will be one of our named executive officers at the
                                         time of the distribution; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">all
                                         persons who we currently anticipate will be our directors and executive officers at the
                                         time of the distribution as a group.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 42.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
projected share amounts in the table below are based on the number of shares of IDT&rsquo;s Class A common stock and Class B
common stock owned by each person or entity at March13, 2018, adjusted for the one for two distribution ratio in the
spin-off. Percentage ownership information is based on the following projected amount of Rafael outstanding shares: (i)
787,163 shares of Class A common Stock (based on 1,574,326 shares of IDT Class A common stock that were outstanding on 22,
2017), and (ii) 11,639,901 shares of Class B common Stock (based on 23,279,803 shares of IDT Class B common stock that were
outstanding on March 13, 2018).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Percentage
ownership information assumes the conversion of all 787,163 currently outstanding shares of IDT Class A Common Stock into Class
B Common Stock for the percentage ownership information of Howard Jonas and all directors and Named Executive Officers as a group).
To our knowledge, except as otherwise indicated in the footnotes below, each person or entity has sole or shared voting and investment
power with respect to the shares of common stock set forth opposite such persons or entity&rsquo;s name. Beneficial ownership
is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Name</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Number of Shares of Class B Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Percentage of Ownership of Class B Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Percentage of Aggregate Voting Power<SUP>&delta;</SUP></B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Howard S. Jonas</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">2,650,376</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>(1)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">20.5</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">70.9</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">520 Broad Street <BR>Newark, NJ 07102</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">The Vanguard Group Inc.</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,320,668</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>(2)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">11.3</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.7</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">100 Vanguard Blvd. <BR>Malvern, PA 19355</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Vanguard World Funds</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">713,536</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>(2)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6.1</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">2.0</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">100 Vanguard Blvd. <BR>Malvern, PA 19355</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Dimensional Fund Advisors LP</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">779,261</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>(2)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6.7</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">2.2</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Building One <BR> 6300 Bee Cave Road <BR> Austin, Texas, 78746</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Blackrock, Inc.</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">617,864</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>(2)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">5.3</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1.8</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">55 East 52<SUP>nd</SUP>&nbsp;Street</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New York, NY 10055</FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Renaissance Technologies, LLC</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">670,249</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>(2)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">5.8</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1.9</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">800 Third Avenue <BR>New York, NY 10022</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Menachem Ash</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">10,131</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>(3)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>&nbsp;</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">All directors, Named Executive Officers and other executive officers as a group (11) persons)</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">2,649,886</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><SUP>(4)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">20.5</TD><TD NOWRAP STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%<SUP>(5)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">70.9</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 25%; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Less
                                         than 1%.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><SUP>&delta;</SUP></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Voting
                                         power represents combined voting power of Class A Common Stock (three votes per share)
                                         and Class B Common Stock (one-tenth of one vote per share). Excludes stock options.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists
                                         of an aggregate of: (a) 787,163 shares of Class A Common Stock held by Howard S. Jonas
                                         directly; and (b) 1,863,213 shares of Class B Common Stock, consisting of: (i) 141,806
                                         shares held by Howard S. Jonas directly; (ii) 23,208 restricted shares of Class B Common
                                         Stock; (iii) 868,138 shares owned by the Howard S. Jonas 2017 Annuity Trust; (iv) an
                                         aggregate of 3,890 shares held in custodial accounts for the benefit of certain children
                                         of Howard S. Jonas (of which Howard S. Jonas is the custodian); (v) 225,556 shares owned
                                         by the Howard S. Jonas 2014 Annuity Trust; (vi) 98,820 shares of Class B Common Stock
                                         owned by the Jonas Foundation; (vii) 1,795 shares held by Howard S. Jonas in his 401(k)
                                         plan account as of November 30, 2017; and (viii) 500,000 shares of Class B Common Stock
                                         of the Company issuable upon the exercise of stock options exercisable within 60 days.
                                         Howard S. Jonas is the trustee of the Howard S. Jonas 2014 Annuity Trust and the Howard
                                         S. Jonas 2017 Annuity Trust. The foregoing does not include 51,399 shares of Class B
                                         Common Stock owned by the Howard S. and Deborah Jonas Foundation, Inc., as Howard S.
                                         Jonas does not beneficially own these shares. The foregoing does not include (a) an aggregate
                                         of 1,482,697 shares of Class B Common Stock beneficially owned by trusts for the benefit
                                         of the children of Howard S. Jonas, as Howard S. Jonas does not exercise or share voting
                                         or investment control over these shares, and (b) 80,000 shares of the Company&rsquo;s
                                         Class B Common Stock owned by the 2012 Jonas Family, LLC (Howard S. Jonas is a minority
                                         equity holder of such entity).</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">According
                                         to the applicable Schedule 13G as filed by the applicable beneficial owner.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists
                                         of (a) 1,875 restricted shares of Class B Common Stock, (b) 6,933 shares of Class B Common
                                         Stock owned directly, and (c) 1,323 shares of Class B Common Stock held by Mr. Ash in
                                         his 401(k) plan account as of November 30, 2017.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists
                                         of the shares and options set forth above with respect to the Named Executive Officers
                                         and directors (including Howard S. Jonas&rsquo; shares of Class A Common Stock, which
                                         are convertible into Class B Common Stock).</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assumes
                                         conversion of all of the shares of Class A Common Stock into shares of Class B Common
                                         Stock.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>OUR
RELATIONSHIP WITH IDT AFTER THE SPIN-OFF</B><BR>
<B>AND RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>General</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the spin-off, we and IDT have entered into a Separation and Distribution Agreement and a Tax Separation Agreement
to complete the separation of our businesses from IDT and to distribute our common stock held by IDT to IDT stockholders. These
agreements will also govern portions of the relationship between us and IDT after the distribution and will also provide for the
allocation of employee benefits, taxes and other liabilities and obligations attributable to periods prior to the distribution.
Along with the Separation Agreement and Tax Agreement, we and IDT have entered into a Transition Services Agreement. These agreements
reflect agreement between affiliated parties established without arms-length negotiation. However, we believe that the terms of
this agreement will equitably reflect the benefits and costs of our relationship with IDT.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
key provisions of these agreements are summarized below. We may enter into other agreements with IDT prior to or concurrently
with the separation that would relate to other aspects of our relationship with IDT following the spin-off to allow us to utilize
certain personnel of, and obtain administrative, financial, internal audit, treasury, legal, corporate, tax, payroll processing
and other services from IDT until we develop those capabilities internally or arrange for such services from other vendors. Unless
amended, the Transition Services Agreement will terminate six months following the spin-off. Following the separation, we may
enter into other commercial agreements with IDT from time to time, the terms of which will be determined at those relevant times.
In fiscal year 2017 and fiscal year 2016, IDT allocated to Rafael an aggregate of approximately $1.0 million and $0.7 million,
respectively, for payroll, benefits, insurance, facilities and other expenses, which were included in &ldquo;Selling, general
and administrative&rdquo; expense in the combined statements of comprehensive income (loss).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Forms
of these agreements described below are filed as exhibits to our Form 10, of which this Information Statement is a part. The summaries
of the material agreements are qualified in their entireties by reference to the full text of the agreements. We encourage you
to read the full text of these material agreements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
more fully discussed in the Business section on page 51, we lease space in 520 Broad Street and associated public garage to IDT.
The lease will cover 80,000 square feet of office space and two parking spots for each thousand square feet of space leased.&nbsp;
The annual base rent is $1,498,400.&nbsp; We will also enter into a separate lease with IDT&rsquo;s affiliate, Genie, covering
8,631 square feet of space in 520 Broad Street.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Separation
and Distribution Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Separation and Distribution Agreement sets forth the agreements between us and IDT with respect to the principal corporate transactions
required to effect our separation from IDT; the distribution of our common shares to IDT stockholders; and other agreements governing
the relationship between IDT and us following the separation. IDT will only consummate the spin-off if specified conditions are
met or approved by the IDT board. These conditions include, among others, that all actions and filings necessary or appropriate
under Federal and state securities laws and state blue sky laws of the United States (and any comparable laws under any foreign
jurisdictions) in connection with the distribution shall have been taken and made and, where applicable, become effective or accepted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>The
Separation</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Following
the spin-off, IDT will have no interest in our assets and business and will have no obligation with respect to our liabilities
after the distribution other than as described below and set forth in more detail in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.
Similarly, we will have no interest in the assets of IDT&rsquo;s other business segments and will have no obligation with respect
to the liabilities of IDT&rsquo;s retained businesses after the distribution other than as described below and set forth in more
detail in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>The
Distribution</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
delivered to the distribution agent certificates representing all of the outstanding shares of our common stock that IDT owns.
IDT instructed the distribution agent to distribute those shares on March 26, 2018 or as soon thereafter as practicable, so that
each IDT stockholder will receive one share of our Class A common stock for every two shares of IDT Class A common stock and one
share of our Class B common stock for every two shares of IDT Class B common stock, in each case, as such stockholder owns as
of the record date of the spin-off.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Termination</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Separation Agreement provides that it may be terminated by IDT at any time prior to the distribution date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Liabilities
and Indemnification</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Generally,
IDT indemnified us, and we indemnify IDT, for losses related to the failure of the other to pay, perform or otherwise discharge,
any of the its liabilities and obligations set forth in the Separation Agreement. All liabilities and obligations related to Rafael
will remain Rafael&rsquo;s obligation whether the liability and or obligation arose pre-spin-off or post spin-off and all liabilities
and obligations related to IDT will remain IDT&rsquo;s obligation whether the liability and or obligation arose pre-spin-off or
post spin-off. We have no contractual obligations or other contingencies at this time or any of the periods presented that require
disclosure in this Information Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Expenses</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except
as expressly set forth in the Separation Agreement, whether or not the separation and distribution are completed, all third party
fees, costs and expenses paid or incurred in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Separation Agreement will be
paid by Rafael.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Tax
Separation Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the spin-off, we and IDT entered into a tax separation agreement, which sets forth the responsibilities of IDT
and us with respect to, among other things, liabilities for federal, state, local and foreign taxes for periods before and including
the spin-off, the preparation and filing of tax returns for such periods and disputes with taxing authorities regarding taxes
for such periods. IDT is generally responsible for all federal, state, local and foreign taxes relating to our business. We and
IDT are generally responsible for managing those disputes that relate to the taxes for which each of us is responsible and, under
certain circumstances, may jointly control any dispute relating to taxes for which both of us are responsible.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Transition
Services Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the spin-off, we and IDT entered into a Transition Services Agreement pursuant to which IDT will provide us, among
other things, certain administrative and other services following the distribution date, including services relating to payroll
processing and employee benefits administration, finance, accounting, tax, internal audit, investor relations and legal. The agreement
will also cover the allocation of costs for officers and other personnel who dedicate time and effort to both companies.&nbsp;For
each of these areas, a service schedule will summarize the services to be provided and the responsibilities of IDT and us. The
services will be paid for by us as calculated in the Transition Services Agreement.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Related
Person Transactions</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
a complete list of IDT&rsquo;s fiscal year 2017 related person transactions, please see IDT&rsquo;s Proxy Statement for its 2017
Annual Meeting of Stockholders, filed with the SEC on November 6, 2017.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Pharmaceuticals leases 10,283 square feet of fully-equipped laboratory and administrative offices in Cranbury, New Jersey from
Cedar Brook East Corporate Center, L.P., a partnership controlled by two of Rafael Pharmaceuticals largest stockholders and directors.
The lease commenced on July 24, 2006 and was renewed for a 7 year term in August 2016 and ending on July 31, 2023. The annual
base rent is $217,588 annually increasing to $250,185 commencing on August 1, 2021.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of March 26, 2017, IDT had provided Rafael Pharmaceuticals with $1.2 million in working capital financing that remains outstanding.
The related receivable from Rafael Pharmaceutical is being transferred by IDT to us prior to the spin-off.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>LEGAL
PROCEEDINGS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company may from time to time be subject to other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although there
can be no assurance in this regard, the Company does not expect any of those legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect
on the Company&rsquo;s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to the foregoing, the Company may from time to time be subject to other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary
course of business.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RECENT
SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES;</B><BR>
<B>USE OF PROCEEDS FROM REGISTERED SECURITIES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>DESCRIPTION
OF OUR CAPITAL STOCK</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
authorized capital stock consists of (i) 35 million shares of Class A common stock, (ii) 200 million shares of Class B common
stock, and (iii) 10 million shares of Preferred Stock. We have shares of our Class B common stock under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended, under our registration statement on Form 10 filed with the SEC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following statements set forth the material terms of our classes of authorized stock; however, reference is made to the more detailed
provisions of, and such statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to, our Amended Certificate of Incorporation,
which has been filed as an exhibit to registration statement on Form 10 of which this Information Statement forms a part.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Class
A Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holders
of shares of our Class A common stock are entitled to three votes for each share on all matters to be voted on by the stockholders.
Holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to share ratably in dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by
the Board of Directors in its discretion from funds legally available therefor. Each share of our Class A common stock may be
converted, at any time and at the option of the holder, and automatically converts upon transfers to unaffiliated parties, into
one fully paid and non-assessable share of our Class B common stock. In the distribution, on the distribution date, which is March
26, 2018, each IDT stockholder will receive one share of Rafael Class A common stock for every two shares of IDT Class A common
stock held on the record date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of March 13, 2018, there were 1,574,326 shares of IDT Class A common stock outstanding. Based on those numbers, there was 787,163
shares of our Class A common stock outstanding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Class
B Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holders
of shares of our Class B common stock are entitled to one tenth of one vote for each share on all matters to be voted on by the
stockholders. Holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to share ratably in dividends, if any, as may be declared from
time to time by the Board of Directors in its discretion from funds legally available therefor. In the distribution, on the distribution
date, each IDT stockholder will receive one share of Rafael Class B common stock for every two shares of IDT Class B common stock
held on the record date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of March 13, 2018, there were 23,279,803 shares of IDT Class B common stock outstanding. Based on those numbers, there were 11,639,901
shares of our Class B common stock outstanding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Preferred
Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Board of Directors has the authority to fix the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights,
of those shares without any further vote or action by the stockholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of March 13, 2018, no shares of IDT preferred stock were outstanding. There were no shares of our preferred stock outstanding
upon the distribution.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Anti-Takeover
Effects of Our Charter and By-Laws</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Some
provisions of Delaware law and our Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws could make the following more difficult:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">acquisition
                                         of us by means of a tender offer;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">acquisition
                                         of us by means of a proxy contest or otherwise; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">removal
                                         of our incumbent officers and directors.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 42.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
provisions, summarized below, are expected to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions
also are designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our Board of Directors. We believe
that the benefits of increased protection give us the potential ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or unsolicited
proposal to acquire or restructure us and outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging those proposals because negotiation of them
could result in an improvement of their terms.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Certificate
of Incorporation; By-Laws</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws contain provisions that could make more difficult the acquisition of us by means of a
tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise. These provisions are summarized below.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Undesignated
Preferred Stock.</I> The authorization of our undesignated preferred stock makes it possible for our Board of Directors to issue
our preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to change control
of us. These and other provisions may have the effect of deferring hostile takeovers or delaying changes of control of our management.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Size
of Board and Vacancies.</I> Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that the number of directors on our Board of Directors will
be between three and seventeen. Newly created directorships resulting from any increase in our authorized number of directors
or any vacancies in our Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal from office
or other cause will be filled solely by the vote of our remaining directors in office.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Stockholder
Meetings.</I> Under our By-Laws, only our (i) Chief Executive Officer, (ii) President or (iii) Corporate Secretary may call special
meetings of our stockholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Indemnification
and Limitation of Liability of Directors and Officers</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Certificate of Incorporation provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporate Law (&ldquo;DGCL&rdquo;),
our directors shall not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a
director. Section 102(7) of the DGCL, however, states that such a provision may not eliminate or limit the liability of a director
(i) for any breach of the director&rsquo;s duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith
or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the DGCL, relating to unlawful
dividends, distributions or the repurchase or redemption of stock or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derives
an improper personal benefit.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
By-Laws provide that we shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, any person against expenses
(including attorneys&rsquo; fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement, actually and reasonably incurred in connection
with any threatened, pending or completed legal proceedings in which such person is involved by reason of the fact that he is
or was a director or officer of ours if he acted in good faith and in a manner that he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed
to our best interests, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, if he had no reasonable cause to believe that his
conduct was unlawful. If the legal proceeding, however, is by or in our right, such director or officer may not be indemnified
in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which he shall have been adjudged to be liable to us unless a court determines
otherwise.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may enter into agreements to indemnify our directors and officers in addition to the indemnification provided for in our Certificate
of Incorporation. Such agreements, among other things, would indemnify our directors and officers for certain expenses (including
attorneys&rsquo; fees), judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by such person in any action or proceeding, including
any action by or in our rights, on account of services as our director or officer or as a director or officer of any subsidiary
of ours, or as a director or officer of any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior
to consummating the spin-off, we intend to obtain directors&rsquo; and officers&rsquo; liability insurance providing coverage
to our directors and officers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Annual
Meeting of Stockholders</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
By-Laws provide that an annual meeting of stockholders will be held each year on a date fixed by resolution of our Board of Directors.
The first annual meeting of our stockholders after the spin-off is expected to be held in January 2019.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to our By-Laws, in order for a stockholder to bring nominations or other proposals before the 2019 annual stockholders meeting,
the stockholder must comply with the requirements for stockholder proposals set forth in the Proxy Statement relating to such
meeting and submit such proposals by August 15, 2018. In addition, any stockholder proposal submitted with respect to the Company&rsquo;s
2019 annual meeting of stockholders, that is submitted outside the requirements of Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act, will not
be included in the relevant proxy materials. To be considered timely for purposes of Rule 14a-4 and 14a-5, written notice of a
proposal must be received by the Company&rsquo;s Corporate Secretary by September 25, 2018.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form 10 with respect to the shares of our common stock to be received by the
stockholders of IDT in the spin-off. This Information Statement does not contain all of the information set forth in the Form
10 registration statement and the exhibits to the Form 10 registration statement. For further information with respect to Rafael
and its common stock, reference is hereby made to the Form 10 registration statement, including its exhibits. Statements made
in this Information Statement relating to the contents of any contract, agreement or other documents are not necessarily complete
and you should refer to the exhibits attached to the registration statement for copies of the actual contract, agreement or other
document, with each such statement being qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You may review
a copy of the Form 10 registration statement, including its exhibits, at the SEC&rsquo;s public reference room, located at 100
F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain copies of all or any part of these materials from the SEC upon the payment
of certain fees prescribed by the SEC. You may obtain further information on the operation of the public reference room by calling
the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, copies of the Form 10 registration statement and related documents may be obtained through
the SEC Internet address at <U>http://www.sec.gov</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a result of the spin-off and the filing of the Form 10 Registration Statement, we will become subject to the information and reporting
requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and, in accordance with the Exchange Act,
will file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. After the spin-off, these reports, proxy statements and
other information may be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities of the SEC listed above. You also will be able
to obtain copies of this material from the public reference facilities of the SEC as described above, or inspect them without
charge at the SEC&rsquo;s website.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, we intend to furnish holders of our common stock with annual reports containing combined financial statements (to change
to consolidated once the Company is formed) audited by an independent accounting firm.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>INDEX
TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</B><BR>
<B>RAFAEL HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 92%; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Report
    of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-2</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Combined
    Balance Sheets as of July&nbsp;31, 2017 and 2016 &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-3</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Combined
    Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Fiscal Years Ended July&nbsp;31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-4</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Combined
    Statements of Members&rsquo; Equity for the Fiscal Years Ended July&nbsp;31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-5</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Combined
    Statements of Cash Flows for the Fiscal Years Ended July&nbsp;31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-6</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notes
    to Combined Financial Statements &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-7</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Combined
    Balance Sheets as of January 31, 2018 and July 31, 2017 &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-19</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Combined
    Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended January 31, 2018 and 2017 &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Combined
    Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Six Months Ended January 31, 2018 and 2017 &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-21</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Combined
    Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended January 31, 2018 and 2017 &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-22</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notes
    to Combined Financial Statements &#9;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-23</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</B></FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
the Board of Directors and</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Stockholders of Rafael Holdings, Inc.</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We have
audited the accompanying combined balance sheets of Rafael Holdings, Inc. and affiliates (&ldquo;Rafael Holdings&rdquo; or the
&ldquo;Company&rdquo;) as of July 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related combined statements of comprehensive income (loss), members&rsquo;
equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended July 31, 2017. Rafael Holdings&rsquo; management is
responsible for these combined financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these combined financial statements
based on our audits.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the combined financial statements
are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal
control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for
designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the
effectiveness of the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit
also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the combined financial statements,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
our opinion, the combined financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position
of Rafael Holdings as of July 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in
the three-year period ended July 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Zwick
    &amp; Banyai, PLLC</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Southfield,
    Michigan</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">October
                                         23, 2017</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS </B></FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(in thousands)</B></FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>July&nbsp;31,</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ASSETS</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">CURRENT ASSETS:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 24pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    and Cash Equivalents</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11,756</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,339</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 24pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accounts
    and Rents Receivable, net of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts of $82 as of July 31, 2017 and 2016</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">264</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">257</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 24pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Prepaid
    Expenses and Other Current Assets</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">147</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">17</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    CURRENT ASSETS</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">12,167</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,613</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Property
    and Equipment, net</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">51,160</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">50,973</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Investments</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">13,478</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,100</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred
    Taxes</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,859</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,564</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
    Assets</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">540</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">59</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    ASSETS</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">86,204</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">64,309</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">LIABILITIES
    AND MEMBERS EQUITY</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">CURRENT
    LIABILITIES:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 24pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Trade
    Accounts Payable</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">115</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">64</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 24pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accrued
    Expenses</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">213</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">214</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 24pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
    Current Liabilities</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">35</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">24</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    CURRENT LIABILITIES</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">363</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">302</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Due
    to IDT Corporation</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">23,693</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">15,145</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
    Liabilities</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">70</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">49</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    LIABILITIES</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">24,126</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">15,496</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">MEMBERS&rsquo;
    EQUITY:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: 0.75pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Group
    Equity</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">50,427</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">48,624</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: 0.75pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accumulated
    Other Comprehensive Income</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,316</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">189</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    Rafael Holdings, Inc. Members&rsquo;/Stockholders&rsquo; Equity</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">52,743</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">48,813</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Noncontrolling
    interests</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9,335</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    MEMBERS&rsquo; EQUITY</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">62,078</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">48,813</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS&rsquo; EQUITY</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">86,204</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">64,309</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>COMBINED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) </B></FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(in thousands) </B></FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Fiscal Years ended
    July&nbsp;31,</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2015</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">REVENUES</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Rental &ndash; Third Party
    Revenues</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">989</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">746</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">809</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Rental &ndash; Related Party Revenues</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3,705</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3,729</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,118</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Parking Revenues</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">924</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,114</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,060</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL REVENUES</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5,618</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5,589</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3,987</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">COSTS AND EXPENSES:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 24pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Selling,
    General and Administrative</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3,728</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,754</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,903</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 24pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Depreciation
    and Amortization</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,669</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,643</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,203</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 24pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
    Operating Expenses</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">18</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">INCOME
    (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">221</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,192</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(137</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Interest
    (Income) Expense, net</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(10</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">20</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">356</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    (Gains) Losses Resulting from Foreign Exchange Transactions</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(86</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">13</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">236</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other Expenses,
    net</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">113</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">INCOME
    (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">204</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,159</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(731</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Provision
    for (Benefit from) Income Taxes</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">66</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">449</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(264</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">NET
    INCOME (LOSS)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">138</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">710</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(467</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Unrealized
    Gain on Available-for-Sale Securities</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,100</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Changes
    in Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">27</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(7</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(53</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL
    COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,265</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">703</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(520</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>COMBINED STATEMENTS OF MEMBERS&rsquo; EQUITY </B></FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(in thousands)</B></FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Group</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Equity</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accumulated
    Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Noncontrolling
    Interests</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
    <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Members&rsquo; Equity</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; font-weight: bold; padding-left: 10pt; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance
    &ndash; July 31, 2014</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48,381</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">249</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48,630</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
    Loss</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(467</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(467</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0 0 1.5pt 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Foreign
    Currency Translation Adjustment</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(53</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(53</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance
    &ndash; July 31, 2015</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">47,914</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">196</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48,110</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
    Loss</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">710</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">710</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0 0 1.5pt 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Foreign
    Currency Translation Adjustment</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(7</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(7</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance
    &ndash; July 31, 2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48,624</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">189</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48,813</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
    Income</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">138</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">138</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Issuance
    of member interests in CS Pharma Holdings, LLC (see Note 5)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,850</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8,150</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sale
    of interest and rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to Howard S. Jonas (see Note 5)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(185</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,185</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrealized
    Gain on Available-for-Sale Securities</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,100</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,100</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding: 0 0 1.5pt 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Foreign
    Currency Translation Adjustment</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding: 0 0 1.5pt 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance
    &ndash; July 31, 2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">50,427</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,316</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9,335</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">62,078</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding: 0 0 1.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS </B></FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(in thousands)</B></FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Fiscal Years ended
    July&nbsp;31,</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2015</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">OPERATING ACTIVITIES</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    income (loss)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">138</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">710</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(467</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -7.2pt; padding-left: 7.2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Adjustments
    to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Depreciation and
    amortization</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,669</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,643</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,203</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Provision for doubtful
    accounts</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">82</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred taxes</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(95</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">368</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(264</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net gains resulting
    from foreign exchange transactions</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(86</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">13</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">236</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Interest in the equity
    of investments</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">113</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Change
    in assets and liabilities:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accounts and rents
    receivable</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(7</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(109</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">70</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other current assets
    and prepaid expenses</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(130</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">323</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">101</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other assets</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(481</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">30</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">12</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accounts payable
    and accrued expenses</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">50</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(326</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other Current Liabilities</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">17</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(42</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Due to IDT Corporation</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2,626</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3,041</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1,094</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
    liabilities</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">21</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">27</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    cash provided by (used in) operating activities</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1,623</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">72</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(571</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">INVESTING
    ACTIVITIES</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Purchase
    of property and equipment</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1,820</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1,553</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(8,844</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Purchase
    of investments</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(9,400</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2,100</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    cash used in investing activities</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(11,220</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3,653</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(8,844</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">FINANCING
    ACTIVITIES</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Repayment
    of note payable</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(6,353</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(271</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Proceeds
    from sale of interest and rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to Howard S. Jonas</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Proceeds
    from sale of member interests in CS Pharma Holdings, LLC</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    advances from IDT Corporation, net of repayments</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11,260</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6,618</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10,300</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    cash provided by financing activities</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">22,260</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">265</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10,029</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Effect
    of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(95</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9,417</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3,313</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">519</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    and cash equivalents at beginning of year</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,339</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5,652</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5,133</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    and cash equivalents at end of year</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11,756</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,339</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5,652</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SUPPLEMENTAL
    DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    payments made for taxes</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">63</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">24</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -12pt; padding-left: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    payments made for interest</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">31</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">368</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</B></FONT></FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
1&mdash;Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Description
of Business </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in">Rafael Holdings, Inc. (&ldquo;Rafael Holdings&rdquo;),
to be incorporated in Delaware, will, prior to the spin-off, be a wholly-owned subsidiary of IDT Corporation (&ldquo;IDT&rdquo;
or the &ldquo;Parent&rdquo;). The combined financial statements include all of the accounts of the following wholly-owned subsidiaries
of IDT, which will be contributed to Rafael Holdings prior to the spin-off: IDT 225 Old NB Road, LLC, a Delaware Limited Liability
Company; IDT Realty LLC, a New Jersey Limited Liability Company; IDT Capital Real Estate Holdings LLC, a Delaware Limited Liability
Company; Broad Atlantic Associates LLC, a Delaware Limited Liability Company; Broad Atlantic Realty LLC, a Delaware Limited Liability
Company; Hillview Avenue Realty, a Delaware Limited Liability Company; Hillview Avenue Realty JV, a Delaware Limited Liability
Company; and IDT Capital, Inc., a Delaware Corporation.</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The
&ldquo;Company&rdquo; in these financial statements refers to Rafael Holdings on this combined basis as if Rafael Holdings existed
and owned the above interests in these entities in all periods presented.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in combination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Properties
</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company owns commercial real estate located at 520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey, which serves as headquarters for IDT, Genie
Energy Ltd. and the Company, and a related 800-car public parking garage across the street, as well as a building located at 225
Old New Brunswick Road in Piscataway, New Jersey that is used partially by IDT Telecom, Inc. for certain of its operations. Additionally,
the Company owns a portion of the 6<SUP>th</SUP> floor of a building located at 5 Shlomo Halevi Street, Har Hotzvim, in Jerusalem,
Israel.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Basis
of Accounting </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
assets and liabilities in these financial statements are recorded at historical cost. Direct expenses historically incurred by
IDT on behalf of the entities are reflected in these financial statements. The most significant expenses as covered under a Master
Services Agreement with IDT are as follows: legal and professional fees, salaries and employee benefits that have been allocated
based on specific identification; certain facility costs, as well as certain salaries consisting of payroll, human resources,
purchasing, accounts payable, treasury, network and telephone services, legal, travel, and consulting fees were allocated to these
entities based on estimates of the incremental cost incurred by IDT; medical and dental benefits were allocated to these entities
based on rates similar to COBRA health benefit provision rates charged to IDT employees. Insurance was allocated to these entities
based on a combination of headcount and specific policy identification. Management believes that the assumptions and methods of
allocation used were reasonable. However, the costs as allocated are not necessarily indicative of the costs that would have been
incurred if these entities operated on a stand-alone basis. Therefore, the combined financial statements included herein may not
necessarily be indicative of the financial position, results of operations, changes in stockholders&rsquo; equity and cash flows
of the Company to be expected in the future or what they would have been had the Company been a separate stand-alone entity during
the periods presented.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Use
of Estimates</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
(&ldquo;U.S. GAAP&rdquo;) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial
statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Revenue
Recognition</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Contractual
rental revenue is reported on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. Accrued rental income, included within
Accounts and Rents Receivable and Other Assets on the combined balance sheets, represents cumulative rental income earned in excess
of rent payments received pursuant to the terms of the individual lease agreements. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful
accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of tenants to make required rent payments or parking customers to pay
amounts due. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Recoveries
from tenants, consisting of amounts due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs
are recognized as revenue in the period during which the expenses are incurred. Tenant reimbursements are recognized and presented
in accordance with guidance in ASC 605-45 &ldquo;Principal Agent Considerations&rdquo; (&ldquo;ASC 605-45&rdquo;). ASC 605-45
requires that these reimbursements be recorded on a gross basis, as: the Company is generally the primary obligor with respect
to purchasing goods and services from third-party suppliers; has discretion in selecting the supplier; and has credit risk.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&rsquo;s parking revenues are derived from monthly parking and transient parking. The Company recognizes parking revenue
as earned.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B><BR>
<B>NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS &mdash; (CONTINUED)</B></FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Note
1&mdash;Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies </B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(cont.)</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Concentration
of Credit Risk and Significant Customers</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers. As a result, the Company believes that its accounts receivable
credit risk exposure is limited. For the year ended July 31, 2017, related parties represented 64% of the Company's revenue, and
as of July 31, 2017, three customers represented 27%, 26% and 24% of the Company&rsquo;s accounts receivable balance, respectively.
For the year ended July 31, 2016, related parties represented 67% of the Company's revenue, and as of July 31, 2016, four customers
represented 19%, 14%, 13% and 11% of the Company&rsquo;s accounts receivable balance, respectively. For the year ended July 31,
2015, related parties and one customer represented 53%, and 6% of the Company's revenue, respectively, and as of July 31, 2015,
two customers represented 16% and 11% of the Company&rsquo;s accounts receivable balance, respectively.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Long-Lived
Assets</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equipment,
buildings, equipment and furniture and fixtures are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated
useful lives, which range as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Classification</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Years</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 88%; text-align: left">Building and Improvements</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: center">40</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Tenant Improvements</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">7</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Other (primarily equipment and furniture and fixtures)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">5</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company tests the recoverability of its long-lived assets with finite useful lives whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company tests for recoverability based on the projected
undiscounted cash flows to be derived from such asset. If the projected undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying
value of the asset, the Company will record an impairment loss, if any, based on the difference between the estimated fair value
and the carrying value of the asset. The Company generally measures fair value by considering sale prices for similar assets or
by discounting estimated future cash flows from such asset using an appropriate discount rate. Cash flow projections and fair
value estimates require significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates and assumptions prove to be
incorrect, the Company may be required to record impairments in future periods and such impairments could be material.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Cash
and Cash Equivalents </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company considers all liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Investments</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
method of accounting applied to long-term investments, whether consolidated, equity or cost, involves an evaluation of the significant
terms of each investment that explicitly grant or suggest evidence of control or influence over the operations of the investee
and also includes the identification of any variable interests in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The combined financial
statements include the Company&rsquo;s controlled affiliates. In addition, Rafael Pharmaceuticals (see Note 5) is a variable interest
entity; however, the Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary as the Company does not have the power to direct
the activities of Rafael Pharmaceuticals that most significantly impact Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rsquo; economic performance. All
significant intercompany accounts and transactions between the combined affiliates are eliminated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Investments
in businesses that the Company does not control, but in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over
operating and financial matters, are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in which the Company does not have the
ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial matters are accounted for using the cost method. Equity
and cost method investments are included &ldquo;Investments&rdquo; in the accompanying combined balance sheets. The Company periodically
evaluates its equity and cost method investments for impairment due to declines considered to be other than temporary. If the
Company determines that a decline in fair value is other than temporary, then a charge to earnings is recorded in &ldquo;Other
Expenses, net&rdquo; in the accompanying combined statements of income, and a new basis in the investment is established.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Income
Taxes</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying combined financial statements include provisions for Federal, state and foreign income taxes. The Company joins with
its Parent and other affiliates in filing a federal income tax return on a combined basis.&nbsp; Income taxes for the Company
are calculated on a separate tax return basis.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between
the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance
is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate
realization of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during the period in which related temporary
differences become deductible. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable
income and tax planning strategies in its assessment of a valuation allowance. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured
using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected
to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income
in the period that includes the enactment date of such change.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B><BR>
<B>NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS &mdash; (CONTINUED)</B></FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Note
1&mdash;Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies </B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(cont.)</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company uses a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The
Company determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution
of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position
has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company presumes that the position will be examined by the appropriate
taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition
threshold are measured to determine the amount of tax benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured
at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Differences
between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements will generally result in one or
more of the following: an increase in a liability for income taxes payable, a reduction of an income tax refund receivable, a
reduction in a deferred tax asset, or an increase in a deferred tax liability.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company classifies interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
November 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (&ldquo;ASU&rdquo;) 2015-17, &ldquo;<I>Balance Sheet Classification
of Deferred Taxes</I>.&rdquo; This update requires an entity to classify deferred tax liabilities and assets as noncurrent within
a classified statement of financial position. ASU 2015-17 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods therein,
beginning after December&nbsp;15, 2016. This update may be applied either prospectively to all deferred tax liabilities and assets
or retrospectively to all periods presented. Early application is permitted as of the beginning of the interim or annual reporting
period. The Company adopted ASU 2015-17 as of August 1, 2015. The adoption of ASU 2015-17 did not have a material impact on the
Company&rsquo;s combined financial statements.</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Contingencies</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company accrues for loss contingencies when both (a)&nbsp;information available prior to issuance of the financial statements
indicates that it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and (b)&nbsp;the amount
of loss can reasonably be estimated. When the Company accrues for loss contingencies and the reasonable estimate of the loss is
within a range, the Company records its best estimate within the range. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than
any other amount, the Company accrues the minimum amount in the range. The Company discloses an estimated possible loss or a range
of loss when it is at least reasonably possible that a loss may have been incurred.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Fair
Value Measurements </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities is defined as an exit price, which is the price that would be received
to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
The three-tier hierarchy for inputs used to measure fair value, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure
fair value, is as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.75in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
                               1</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&ndash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">quoted
                                         prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.75in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
                               2 </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&ndash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">quoted
                                         prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable
                                         for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration,
                                         for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.75in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
                               3 </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&ndash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">unobservable
                                         inputs based on the Company&rsquo;s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities
                                         at fair value.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
financial asset or liability&rsquo;s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is
significant to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement
requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair
value hierarchy.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Functional
Currency</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
U.S. Dollar is the functional currency of our entities operating in the United States. The functional currency for our subsidiary
operating outside of the United States is the New Israeli Shekel, the currency of the primary economic environment in which the
subsidiary primarily expends cash. For combined entities whose functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar, the Company translates
their financial statements into U.S. dollars. The Company translates assets and liabilities at the exchange rate in effect as
of the financial statement date, and translate accounts from the statements of comprehensive income (loss) using the weighted
average exchange rate for the period. The Company reports gains and losses from currency exchange rate changes related to intercompany
receivables and payables, currently in non-operating expenses.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B><BR>
<B>NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS &mdash; (CONTINUED)</B></FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Note
1&mdash;Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies </B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(cont.)</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>Allowance
for Doubtful Accounts </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
allowance for doubtful accounts reflects the Company&rsquo;s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable
balance. The allowance is determined based on known troubled accounts, historical experience and other currently available evidence.
Doubtful accounts are written-off upon final determination that the trade accounts will not be collected. <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">The
computation of this allowance is based on the tenants&rsquo; or parking customers&rsquo; payment histories and current credit
statuses, as well as certain industry or geographic specific credit considerations. If the Company&rsquo;s estimates of collectability
differ from the cash received, then the timing and amount of the Company&rsquo;s reported revenue could be impacted. The credit
risk is mitigated by the high quality of the Company&rsquo;s existing tenant base, inclusive of IDT, which represented 64%, 67%,
and 53% of the Company&rsquo;s revenue for the years ended </FONT>July 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">.
The Company recorded bad debt expense of $0, $82,000, and $0 for the years ended July 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.</FONT></FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>Other</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
March 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments. The new standard simplifies several
aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards
as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted the new standard on August
1, 2017. The adoption of the new standard did not have a significant impact on the Company&rsquo;s combined financial statements.</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Recently
Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&ldquo;FASB&rdquo;), and the International Accounting Standards Board jointly
issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede most of the current revenue recognition guidance under
U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (&ldquo;IFRS&rdquo;). The goals of the revenue recognition project were
to clarify and converge the revenue recognition principles under U.S. GAAP and IFRS and to develop guidance that would streamline
and enhance revenue recognition requirements. The Company will adopt this standard on August 1, 2018. Entities have the option
of using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the standard. The Company is evaluating
the impact that the standard will have on its combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
January 2016, the FASB issued an ASU, to provide more information about recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure
of financial instruments. The amendments in the ASU include, among other changes, the following: (1) equity investments (except
those accounted for under the equity method or that result in consolidation) will be measured at fair value with changes in fair
value recognized in net income, (2) a qualitative assessment each reporting period to identify impairment of equity investments
without readily determinable fair values, (3) financial assets and financial liabilities will be presented separately by measurement
category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or the notes to the financial statements, and (4) an entity should evaluate
the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity&rsquo;s
other deferred tax assets. Entities will no longer be able to recognize unrealized holding gains and losses on equity securities
classified as available-for-sale in other comprehensive income. In addition, a practicability exception will be available for
equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and do not qualify for the net asset value practical expedient.
These investments may be measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes
in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Entities will have to reassess at each reporting
period whether an investment qualifies for this practicability exception. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU on
August 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact that the ASU will have on its combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (&ldquo;ROU&rdquo;)
model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer
than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense
recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including
interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and
operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial
statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of its pending adoption
of the new standard on its combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For
receivables, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking &ldquo;expected loss&rdquo; model
that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized
losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances
instead of reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more
information about allowances, credit quality indicators and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect
adjustment to retained earnings. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2020. The Company is evaluating the impact
that the new standard will have on its combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B><BR>
<B>NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS &mdash; (CONTINUED)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Note
1&mdash;Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies </B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(cont.)</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
November 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that includes specific guidance on the classification and presentation of changes in restricted
cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this ASU require that a statement of cash flows explain
the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted
cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents will be included with cash and
cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of the period and end of the period total amounts shown on the statement of cash
flows. The ASU will be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company will adopt the amendments
in this ASU on August 1, 2018. The adoption will impact the Company&rsquo;s beginning of the period and end of the period cash
and cash equivalents balance in its statement of cash flows, as well as its net cash provided by operating activities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
January 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities
with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Under the
current guidance, there are three elements of a business&mdash;inputs, processes, and outputs. While an integrated set of assets
and activities (collectively referred to as a &ldquo;set&rdquo;) that is a business usually has outputs, outputs are not required
to be present. In addition, all the inputs and processes that a seller uses in operating a set are not required if market participants
can acquire the set and continue to produce outputs, for example, by integrating the acquired set with their own inputs and processes.
The amendments in this ASU provide a screen to determine when a set is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially
all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group
of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further
evaluated. If the screen is not met, the amendments in this ASU (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include,
at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2)
remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. The amendments provide a framework to assist
entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present. The framework includes two sets of criteria
to consider that depend on whether a set has outputs. Although outputs are not required for a set to be a business, outputs generally
are a key element of a business; therefore, the FASB has developed more stringent criteria for sets without outputs. Lastly, the
ASU narrows the definition of the term output. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. The Company
is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
May 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award
require an entity to apply modification accounting. Pursuant to this ASU, an entity should account for the effects of a modification
unless all the following are met: (1) the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement
method is used) of the modified award is the same as the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative
measurement method is used) of the original award immediately before the original award is modified (if the modification does
not affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique that the entity uses to value the award, the entity is not required to
estimate the value immediately before and after the modification); (2) the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same
as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; and (3) the classification
of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award
immediately before the original award is modified. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU prospectively to an award
modified on or after on August 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its combined financial
statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
August 2017, the FASB issued an ASU intended to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the
economic results of an entity&rsquo;s risk management activities in its financial statements. In addition, the ASU includes certain
targeted improvements to simplify the application of hedge accounting guidance in U.S. GAAP. The amendments in this ASU are effective
for the Company on August 1, 2019. Early application is permitted. Entities will apply the amendments to cash flow and net investment
hedge relationships that exist on the date of adoption using a modified retrospective approach. The presentation and disclosure
requirements will be applied prospectively. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its combined financial
statements.</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS &mdash; (CONTINUED)</B></FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
2&mdash;Fair Value Measurements&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
following table presents the balance of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>(in thousands)</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Level
    1</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Level
    2</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Level
    3</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Total</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">July 31, 2017</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Available-for-sale securities:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.45pt; padding-left: 27pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0">Rafael Pharmaceuticals convertible promissory notes</P>


</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6,300</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6,300</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.45pt; padding-left: 27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6,300</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6,300</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">July 31, 2016</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.9pt; padding-left: 9.9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Available-for-sale
    securities:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.45pt; padding-left: 27pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0">Rafael Pharmaceuticals convertible promissory notes</P>


</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -0.45pt; padding-left: 27pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">At
July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not have any liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">At
July 31, 2017, the fair value of the Rafael Pharmaceuticals convertible promissory notes, which were classified as Level 3, was
estimated based on a valuation of Rafael Pharmaceuticals by utilizing an option pricing model, with reference to recent transactions
in its securities, the September 2016 Series D Convertible Note investment, as well as utilizing a discounted cash flow technique
under the Income Approach and other factors that could not be corroborated by the market.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
following tables summarize the change in the balance of the Company&rsquo;s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant
unobservable inputs (Level 3) in the years ended July 31, 2017, 2016 or 2015.</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Year ended July 31,</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>(in thousands)</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>2017</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>2016</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>2015</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; text-indent: -8.65pt; padding-left: 8.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance,
    beginning of period</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -8.65pt; padding-left: 8.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    gains included in other comprehensive income</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,100</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -16.85pt; padding-left: 17.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Purchases</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,200</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -8.65pt; padding-left: 8.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance,
    end of period</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6,300</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -8.65pt; padding-left: 8.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -8.65pt; padding-left: 8.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Change
    in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&rsquo;s financial instruments include accounts and rents receivable, accounts payable, and due to IDT Corporation. The
recorded carrying amount of accounts and rents receivable, accounts payable and due to IDT Corporation approximates their fair
value due to their short-term nature. Other than noted above, the Company did not have any other assets or liabilities that were
measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of July 31, 2017 and 2016.</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Note
3&mdash;Accounts and Rents Receivable</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accounts
and Rents Receivable consisted of the following (in thousands):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>July
    31,</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Trade Accounts
    Receivable</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">336</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">310</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accrued
    Rental Income</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">29</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less
    Allowance for Doubtful Accounts</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(82</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(82</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accounts
    and Rents Receivable, net</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">264</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">257</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Noncurrent
Accrued Rental Income included in Other Assets was approximately $45,000 and $54,000 as of July 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;<B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B><BR>
<B>NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS &mdash; (CONTINUED)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Note
4&mdash;Property and Equipment</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Property
and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>July
    31,</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Building
    and Improvements</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">51,240</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">49,884</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Land</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10,412</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10,412</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Tenant Improvements</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,150</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,150</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,374</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,291</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Construction
    in Progress</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">823</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">377</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less
    Accumulated Depreciation</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(13,839</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(12,141</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">51,160</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">50,973</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
property and equipment consists of furniture and fixtures, office and other equipment and miscellaneous computer hardware.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Depreciation
and amortization expense pertaining to property and equipment was approximately $1.7 million, $1.6 million and $1.2 million for
fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
5&mdash;Investments</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Rafael
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (&ldquo;Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rdquo;)</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Pharmaceuticals is a clinical stage, oncology-focused pharmaceutical company committed to the development and commercialization
of therapies that exploit the metabolic differences between normal cells and cancer cells.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">On
December 7, 2015, IDT approved an investment of up to $10 million in Rafael Pharmaceuticals. $2 million of this investment was
funded as of July 31, 2016, as follows: $500,000 funded upon signing the Subscription and Loan Agreement during the second quarter
of fiscal year 2016; and $1.5 million funded during the third quarter of fiscal year 2016. The initial $2 million investment was
in exchange for Rafael Pharmaceuticals' 3.5% convertible promissory notes due in fiscal year 2018. To date, the Company has not
accrued interest on this note, as collection cannot be reasonably assured; however, the Company has received an independent appraisal
indicating the fair value of its investment in Rafael Pharmaceuticals exceeds the carrying value. On September 16, 2016, the Company
made an additional $8 million investment in exchange for Rafael Pharmaceuticals' 3.5% convertible promissory notes due in fiscal
year 2018.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company will own, subsequent to July 31, 2017, its interests/rights in Rafael Pharmaceutical through a 90%-owned non-operating
subsidiary, IDT-Rafael Holdings, LLC. (&ldquo;IDT-Rafael Holdings&rdquo;). IDT-Rafael Holdings holds warrants to purchase a significant
stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, as well as other equity and governance rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, and owns 50% of CS Pharma
Holdings, LLC (&ldquo;CS Pharma&rdquo;), a non-operating entity which holds the convertible debt and other rights to purchase
equity interests in Rafael Pharmaceuticals.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Those
interests/rights include:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 24.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 18pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$10,000,000
                                         of Series D Convertible Notes of Rafael Pharmaceuticals held by CS Pharma.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 42.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 25.65pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 18pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">A
                                         warrant to purchase 56% of the capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals &ndash; the right
                                         to exercise the first $10,000,000 worth of the warrant is held by CS Pharma; and the
                                         remainder is held directly by IDT-Rafael Holdings.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 43.65pt; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 25.65pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 18pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain
                                         governance rights, including appointment of directors.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 43.65pt; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TD STYLE="width: 24.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 18pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
                                         contractual right to receive &ldquo;Bonus Shares&rdquo; for an additional 10% of the
                                         outstanding capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals that was previously held by IDT-Rafael
                                         Holdings, which is contingent upon achieving certain milestones. If the milestones are
                                         met, Bonus Shares are to be issued without any additional payment and Howard Jonas has
                                         the right to designate the Bonus Shares to others, including those who are instrumental
                                         to the future success of Rafael Pharmaceuticals.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 42.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 42.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 42.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B><BR>
<B>NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS &mdash; (CONTINUED)</B></FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
5&mdash;Investments </B>(cont.)</FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 42.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 42.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in">On March 2, 2017, Howard Jonas, IDT&rsquo;s
Chairman of the Board, and Chairman of the Board of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, purchased 10% of IDT-Rafael Holdings, LLC, in which
the Company&rsquo;s direct and indirect interest and rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals were held, for a purchase price of $1 million,
which represented 10% of the Company&rsquo;s cost basis in IDT-Rafael Holdings. We hold our interest in CS Pharma through our
90%-owned non-operating subsidiary, IDT-Rafael Holdings, LLC, which holds a 50% interest in CS Pharma. Accordingly, we will hold
an effective 45% indirect interest in the assets held by CS Pharma, including its cash. Separately, Howard Jonas and Deborah Jonas
jointly own $525,000 of Series C Convertible Notes of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, and The Howard S. and Deborah Jonas Foundation owns
$525,000 of Series C Notes of Rafael Pharmaceuticals.&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">On
September 12, 2017, the Company&rsquo;s Compensation Committee, Corporate Governance Committee and Board of Directors approved
a compensatory arrangement with Howard S. Jonas related to this right to receive additional Rafael shares. In connection with
this arrangement, IDT-Rafael Holdings distributed this right to its members such that the Company received the right to 9% of
the outstanding capital stock of Rafael and Mr. Jonas received the right to 1% of the outstanding capital stock of Rafael. In
addition, as compensation for assuming the role of Chairman of the Board of Rafael, and to create additional incentive to contribute
to the success of Rafael, on September 19, 2017, the Company assigned its right to receive 9% of the outstanding capital stock
of Rafael to Mr. Jonas. The right is further transferable by Mr. Jonas, in his discretion.<FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Rafael Pharmaceuticals Series D Note earns interest at 3.5% per annum, with principal and accrued interest due and payable on
September 16, 2018. The Series D Note is convertible at the holder&rsquo;s option into shares of Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rsquo;
Series D Preferred Stock. The Series D Note also includes a mandatory conversion into Rafael Pharmaceuticals common stock upon
a qualified initial public offering, and conversion at the holder&rsquo;s option upon an unqualified financing event. In all cases,
the Series D Note conversion price is based on the applicable financing purchase price. IDT-Rafael Holdings and CS Pharma were
issued warrants to purchase shares of capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals representing up to 56% of the then issued and outstanding
capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, on an as-converted and fully diluted basis. The right to exercise warrants as to the
first $10 million thereof is held by CS Pharma and the remainder is owned by IDT-Rafael Holdings. The warrant expires on December
31, 2020. Currently, if IDT desires to raise additional financing from unaffiliated parties in connection with IDT&rsquo;s exercise
of its warrant or other current rights to invest in Rafael Pharmaceuticals (but not including the Rafael Pharmaceuticals rights
held by CS Pharma), it first must give the other CS Pharma holders the opportunity to provide such financing on a pro rata basis.
The exercise price of the warrant is the lower of 70% of the price sold in an equity financing, or $1.25 per share, subject to
certain adjustments. The minimum initial and subsequent exercises of the warrant shall be for such number of shares that will
result in at least $5 million of gross proceeds to Rafael Pharmaceuticals, or such lesser amount as represents 5% of the outstanding
capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, or such lesser amount as may then remain unexercised. The warrant will expire upon the
earlier of December 31, 2020 or a qualified initial public offering or liquidation event of Rafael Pharmaceuticals.<FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: .5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">As of the date hereof and based on the
current shares issued and outstanding of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, we, and our affiliates that hold interests in Rafael Pharmaceuticals
would need to pay in the aggregate approximately $71 million to exercise the Warrant in full and approximately $56 million to purchase
a 51% controlling stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals. On an as-converted fully diluted basis (for all convertible securities of Rafael
Pharmaceuticals outstanding), we and our affiliates that hold interests in Rafael Pharmaceuticals would need approximately $122
million to exercise the Warrant in full and approximately $98 million to purchase a 51% controlling stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals.&nbsp;
Following that exercise, a portion of our interest in Rafael Pharmaceuticals would continue to be held for the benefit of the other
equity holders in IDT-Rafael Holdings and CS Pharma.</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company serves as the managing member
of IDT-Rafael Holdings and IDT-Rafael Holdings serves as the managing member of CS Pharma, with broad authority to make all key
decisions regarding their respective holdings. Any distributions that are made to CS Pharma from Rafael Pharmaceuticals that are
in turn distributed by CS Pharma will need to be made pro rata to all members, which would entitle IDT-Rafael Holdings to 50%
(based on current ownership) of such distributions. Similarly, if IDT-Rafael Holdings were to distribute proceeds it receives
from CS Pharma, it would do so on a pro rata basis, entitled the Company to 90% (based on current ownership) of such distributions.&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company&rsquo;s investment in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, which was included in &ldquo;Investments&rdquo; in the accompanying combined
balance sheets, consists of the following:<FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>July
    31<BR> (in thousands)</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>2017</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>2016</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Convertible
    promissory note (at fair value)&#9;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6,300</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants (at cost)&#9;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5,400</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Right
    to receive additional shares (at cost)&#9;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">400</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    investment in Rafael Pharmaceuticals&#9;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">12,100</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Rafael
Pharmaceuticals is a variable interest entity; however, the Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary as is
does not have the power to direct the activities of Rafael Pharmaceuticals that most significantly impact Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rsquo;
economic performance (see Note 1).<FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Lipomedix</I></B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 24.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lipomedix
Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (&ldquo;Lipomedix&rdquo;) is a development-stage, privately held Israeli company focused on the development
of an innovative, safe and effective cancer therapy based on liposome delivery.</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B><BR>
<B>NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS &mdash; (CONTINUED)</B></FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
5&mdash;Investments </B>(cont.)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
a result of its initial $100,000 investment, the Company received approximately 3.2% of the common shares outstanding. During
the second quarter of fiscal year 2017, the Company made an additional $300,000 investment in Lipomedix, increasing its ownership
to 13.95% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares, as well as providing Lipomedix with an advance of $200,000. During the
fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017, the Company made an additional $1.1 million investment, inclusive of the $200,000 advance,
in Lipomedix, increasing its ownership to 38.86% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares. As such, the Company began accounting
for this investment under the equity method as of and for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017. During the fourth quarter of
fiscal year 2017, the Company recognized approximately $113,000 as its proportionate share of Lipomedix's loss. As of July 31,
2017, Lipomedix had assets totaling $1.2 million and liabilities totaling $77,000.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company also held options to purchase
an additional $900,000 in shares, which would increase its ownership to 50.6% of the issued share capital on a fully diluted basis.
The option expires on the earliest of (1) a merger or acquisition transaction, (2) an initial public offering, and (3) November
30, 2017.&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
6&mdash;Income Taxes</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company is a member of a combined group of entities for which income tax returns are filed for the combined group. Income taxes
for the Company are calculated on a separate tax return basis. The current U.S. Federal and State income tax expense is recorded
as an increase in the payable amount Due to IDT Corporation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company provides for deferred taxes based on the difference between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial reporting
purposes and the basis for income tax purposes, calculated using enacted rates that will be in effect when the differences are
expected to reverse.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows (in thousands):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Year
    Ended July 31,</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2015</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Domestic</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">97</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,100</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(571</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Foreign</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">107</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">59</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(160</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Income
    (Loss) Before Income Taxes</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">204</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,159</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(731</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Provision
for income taxes as presented in the Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) consisted of the following (in thousands):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-style: italic; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><B>Year Ended July 31,</B></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>Current:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Foreign &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%">Federal &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(229</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">23</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">State &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total current expense &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(229</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">23</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Deferred:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>Foreign &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(6</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">17</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(44</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Federal &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">283</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">409</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(220</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">State &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">18</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total deferred expense &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">295</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">426</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(264</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Income tax expense &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">66</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">449</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(264</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
differences between income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and income taxes are reported as follows
(in thousands):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-style: italic; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><B>Year Ended July 31,</B></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; text-align: left">U.S. federal income tax at statutory rate &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">70</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">394</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(249</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">State income tax &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">6</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">52</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(26</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Valuation allowance &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Foreign tax rate differential &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(11</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(5</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">11</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Permanent differences &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">6</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(1</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Income tax expense &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">66</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">449</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(264</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company has not recorded U.S. income tax expense for foreign earnings, as such earnings are permanently reinvested outside the
United States. The cumulative undistributed foreign earnings are included in accumulated deficit in the Company&rsquo;s combined
balance sheets and consisted of approximately $2.2 million at July 31, 2017. Upon distribution of these foreign earnings to the
Company&rsquo;s domestic entities, the Company may be subject to U.S. income taxes and withholding of foreign taxes; however,
it is not practicable to determine the amount, if any, which would be paid.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B><BR>
<B>NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS &mdash; (CONTINUED)</B></FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
6&mdash;Income Taxes </B>(cont.)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Significant
components of the Company&rsquo;s deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows (in thousands):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>July
    31,</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2015</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred tax assets:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net operating
    loss carryforwards</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">7,217</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6,937</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">7,392</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">AMT carryforwards</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">24</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">24</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Reserves and accruals</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,618</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,603</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,540</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Stock-based
    compensation</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Gross deferred tax
    assets</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,859</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,564</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,932</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Less
    valuation allowance</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    deferred tax assets</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,859</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,564</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,932</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    deferred tax liabilities</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred
    tax, net</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,859</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,564</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,932</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Net deferred tax assets are included in &ldquo;Deferred
Taxes&rdquo; in the combined balance sheets.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">At
July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company has available Federal and State net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards from domestic operations
of approximately $18.0 million to offset future taxable income. The Federal and State NOL carryforwards will begin to expire in
2026. The Company has no available NOLs from foreign operations. The AMT carryforwards do not expire.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company has adopted the accounting policy that interest and penalties will be classified as a component of the provision for income
taxes. As of the date of adoption of ASC 740 and through July 31, 2017, the Company did not have any interest or penalties associated
with unrecognized tax benefits. The Company does not anticipate any significant changes to the unrecognized tax benefits within
twelve months of this reporting date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company is a member of IDT's combined group; therefore its income or loss was included in IDT's tax return. IDT currently remains
subject to examinations of its combined U.S. federal tax returns for fiscal years 2013 through 2016, and state and local tax returns
generally for fiscal years 2012 through 2016. The Company remains subject to examinations of its Israeli tax returns for fiscal
years 2013 through 2016.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
7&mdash;Commitments and Contingencies</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Legal
Proceedings </I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company may from time to time be subject to legal proceedings that may arise in the ordinary course of business. Although there
can be no assurance in this regard, the Company does not expect any of those legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect
on the Company&rsquo;s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
8&mdash;Related Party Transactions</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company continues to maintain an intercompany balance Due to IDT that relates to cash advances for investments, loan repayments,
charges for services provided to the Company by IDT and payroll costs for the Company's personnel that are paid by IDT, partially
offset by rental income paid by various companies under common control to IDT to the Company. IDT advanced $9.4 million to the
Company during fiscal year 2017 to invest in Rafael Pharmaceuticals and Lipomedix. IDT advanced $2.1 million to the Company during
fiscal year 2016 to invest in Rafael Pharmaceuticals and Lipomedix and $6.4 million to pay off the outstanding note payable on
the 225 Old New Brunswick Road building. IDT charges the Company for certain transactions and allocates routine expenses for,
among other things: (1) the allocation between the Company and IDT of employee benefits, taxes and other liabilities and obligations;
(2) services to be provided by IDT relating to human resources and employee benefits administration; (3) the allocation of responsibilities
relating to employee compensation and benefit plans and programs and other related matters; and (4) finance, accounting, tax and
legal services to be provided by IDT to the Company. In fiscal years 2017 and 2016, IDT allocated to the Company an aggregate
of approximately $993,000 and $688,000, respectively, for payroll, benefits, insurance and other expenses, which were included
in &ldquo;Selling, general and administrative expense&rdquo; in the combined statements of comprehensive income (loss). In all
periods presented, the Company was included in IDT's combined federal income tax return.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B><BR>
<B>NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS &mdash; (CONTINUED)</B></FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
8&mdash;Related Party Transactions </B>(cont.)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
change in the Company&rsquo;s liability to IDT was as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Years
                                         ended July 31,</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 10.8pt 0pt 18pt; text-indent: -18pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>(in
                                         thousands)</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance
    at beginning of year</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">15,145</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11,568</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Payments by IDT on behalf of the Company</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">993</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">688</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Rental revenue earned from IDT</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3,705</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3,729</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash repayments,
    net of advances</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11,260</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6,618</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance at end
    of year</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">23,693</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">15,145</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Note
9&mdash;Future Minimum Rents</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
properties are leased to tenants under net operating leases with initial term expiration dates ranging from&nbsp;2017&nbsp;to&nbsp;2025.
The future contractual minimum lease payments to be received (excluding operating expense reimbursements) by the Company as of&nbsp;July
31, 2017, under non-cancelable operating leases which expire on various dates through 2025, are as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Year
    ending July 31:</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Related</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><BR>
    <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Parties</B></FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Other</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Total</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(in thousands)</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 58%; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2018</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,966</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">919</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,885</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2019</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,006</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,084</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3,090</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2020</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,046</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,120</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3,166</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2021</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,087</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">981</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3,068</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2022</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,129</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">885</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3,014</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Thereafter &#9;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6,071</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3,048</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9,119</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total Minimum
    Future Rental Income &#9;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">16,305</P>


</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">8,037</P>


</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">24,343</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
addition to the aforementioned future minimum rents, the Company entered into two leases for space in the building located at
520 Broad Street in Newark, NJ during the third quarter of fiscal year 2016. The first lease is for a portion of the sixth floor
for an eleven-year term, of which the first six years are non-cancellable. The second lease is for a portion of the ground floor
and basement for a term of ten years, seven months.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Related
parties represented approximately 64%, 67%, and 53% of the Company&rsquo;s total revenue for the years ended July 31,&nbsp;2017,&nbsp;2016&nbsp;and&nbsp;2015,
respectively. The Company amended all of its related party leases as of August 1, 2017. The related party leases expire in April
2025 and are for 88,631 square feet and include two parking spots per thousand square feet of space leased at 520 Broad Street
and for 12,400 square feet in Israel. The annual rent will be approximately $2.0 million. The related parties have the right to
terminate theses leases upon four months&rsquo; notice, and upon early termination will pay a termination penalty equal to 25%
of the portion of the rent due over the course of the remaining term.&nbsp;Related parties will have the right to lease an additional
25,000 square feet in the building located at 520 Broad Street on the same terms as the base lease, and other rights to a further
25,000 square feet should all available space be leased to other tenants. Upon expiration of the lease, these related parties
have the right to renew the leases for another 5 years.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B><BR>
<B>NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS &mdash; (CONTINUED)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Note
10&mdash;Business Segment Information</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company conducts business as one operating segment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B><I>Geographic
Information</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Revenue
from customers located outside of the United States was generated entirely from related parties located in Israel. Revenue from
these non-United States customers as a percentage of total revenues was as follows (revenues by country are determined based on
the location of the related facility):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Year
    ended July 31,</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2017</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2016</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2015</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Revenue
    from tenants located in Israel</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
long-lived assets and total assets of the Company were located as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(in
    thousands)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">United
    States</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Israel</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">July 31, 2017&#9;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Long-lived Assets, net&#9;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">71,674</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,363</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">74,037</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total Assets</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">83,675</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,529</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">86,204</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">July 31, 2016&#9;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Long-lived Assets, net&#9;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">59,930</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,766</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">61,696</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total Assets</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">62,366</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,943</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">64,309</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>



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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B><BR>
<B>COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS</B><BR>
<B>(in thousands)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">January 31,<BR> 2018</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">July 31,<BR> 2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(Unaudited)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(Note 1)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">Assets</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Current assets:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Cash and cash equivalents&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">12,008</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">11,756</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $82 at January 31, 2018 and July 31, 2017&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">226</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">264</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Prepaid expenses and other current assets&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">191</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">147</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 50pt">Total current assets&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">12,425</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">12,167</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Property and equipment, net&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">50,967</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">51,160</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Investments&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">11,700</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">13,478</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Deferred income tax assets, net&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">22</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">8,859</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Patents&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">155</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">In Process Research and Development&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,588</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Other assets&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">787</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">540</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 50pt">Total assets&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">77,644</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">86,204</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Liabilities and equity</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Current liabilities:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Trade accounts payable&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">89</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">115</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Accrued expenses&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">423</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">213</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other current liabilities&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">20</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">35</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 50pt">Total current liabilities&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">532</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">363</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Due to IDT Corporation&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">24,391</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">23,693</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Other liabilities&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">95</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">70</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 50pt">Total liabilities&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">25,018</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">24,126</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Commitments and contingencies</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Equity:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Rafael Holdings, Inc. members&rsquo; equity:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Group equity&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">40,554</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">50,427</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Accumulated other comprehensive income&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,394</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,316</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 50pt">Total Rafael Holdings, Inc. members&rsquo; equity&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">42,948</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">52,743</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Noncontrolling interests&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">9,678</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">9,335</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 50pt">Total equity&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">52,626</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">62,078</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 50pt">Total liabilities and equity&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">77,644</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">86,204</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B></FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS</B></FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(Unaudited)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Three Months Ended<BR> January 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Six Months Ended<BR> January 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2018</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2018</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="14" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands, except per share data)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Revenues:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Rental &ndash; Third Party&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">298</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">396</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">685</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">585</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Rental &ndash; Related Party&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">489</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">770</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">994</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,682</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt">Parking&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">169</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">171</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">384</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">469</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Total revenues&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">956</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,337</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,063</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,736</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Costs and expenses:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Selling, general and administrative&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,343</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">776</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,079</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,629</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt">Depreciation and amortization&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">429</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">434</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">853</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">822</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">(Loss) income from operations&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(816</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">127</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,869</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">285</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Interest income&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(2</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(4</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(7</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Net gains resulting from foreign exchange transactions&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(107</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(51</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(118</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(32</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Net loss on equity investments&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">107</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt">Gain on disposal of bonus shares&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(246</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">(Loss) income before income taxes&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(707</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">180</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,608</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">324</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt">(Benefit from) provision for income taxes&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">15</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">14</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">8,443</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">30</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Net (loss) income&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(722</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">166</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(10,051</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">294</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt">Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">176</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">176</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Net (loss) income attributable to Rafael Holdings, Inc.&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(546</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">166</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(9,875</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">294</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>RAFAEL HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>COMBINED
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(Unaudited)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Three Months Ended<BR> January 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Six Months Ended<BR> January 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2018</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2018</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="14" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; text-align: left">Net (loss) income&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(722</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">166</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(10,051</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">294</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Other comprehensive income:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt">Foreign currency translation adjustments&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">68</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">8</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">78</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">8</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Comprehensive (loss) income&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(654</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">174</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(9,973</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">302</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt">Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">19</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">19</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Rafael Holdings, Inc.&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(673</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">174</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(9,992</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">302</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to combined financial statements.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B></FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</B></FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(Unaudited)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Six Months Ended<BR> January 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2018</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">Operating activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Net (loss) income&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(10,051</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">294</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Depreciation and amortization&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">853</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">822</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Deferred income taxes&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">8,837</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">7</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Realized gain on disposal of bonus shares&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(246</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Non-cash compensation&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">606</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Interest in the equity of investments&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">439</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Change in assets and liabilities:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Accounts and rents receivable&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">38</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(79</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Other current assets and prepaid expenses&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(60</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(252</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Other assets&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(260</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">7</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Accounts payable and accrued expenses&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">77</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">29</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Other current liabilities&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(15</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Due to IDT Corporation&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(202</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,211</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Other liabilities&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">25</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">15</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">41</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(368</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Investing activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Purchases of property and equipment&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(728</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,146</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Purchase of investments&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(8,300</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Net cash used in investing activities&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(728</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(9,446</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Financing activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Proceeds from sale of member interests in CS Pharma Holdings, LLC&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">10,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Cash advances from IDT Corporation, net of repayments&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">900</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">9,326</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Net cash provided by financing activities&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">900</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">19,326</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">39</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">10</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Net increase in cash and cash equivalents&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">252</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">9,552</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">11,756</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,339</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Cash and cash equivalents at end of period&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">12,008</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">11,861</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 0.75pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 0.75pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 0.75pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 0.75pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 0.75pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 0.75pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 0.75pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Investing activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Cash payments made for taxes&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 20pt">Cash payments made for interest&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to combined financial statements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RAFAEL
HOLDINGS, INC. AND AFFILIATES</B><BR>
<B>NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</B><BR>
<B>(Unaudited)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
1&mdash;Description of Business and Basis of Presentation</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Description
of Business</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Holdings, Inc. (&ldquo;Rafael Holdings&rdquo;), a Delaware corporation, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of IDT Corporation (&ldquo;IDT&rdquo;
or the &ldquo;Parent&rdquo;). <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">On or about March 26, 2018, IDT expects to complete a tax-free
spin-off (the &ldquo;Spin-Off&rdquo;) of our capital stock, through a pro rata distribution of our common stock to its stockholders
of record as of the close of business on March 13, 2018 (the &ldquo;Spin-Off record date&rdquo;). As a result of the Spin-Off,
each of IDT&rsquo;s stockholders will receive: (i) one share of our Class A common stock for every two shares of IDT&rsquo;s Class
A common stock held on the Spin-Off record date; (ii) one share of our Class B common stock for every two shares of IDT&rsquo;s
Class B common stock held on the Spin-Off record date; and (iv) cash in lieu of a fractional share of all classes of our common
stock. </FONT>The combined financial statements include all of the accounts of the following wholly-owned subsidiaries of IDT,
which will be contributed to Rafael Holdings prior to the Spin-Off: IDT 225 Old NB Road, LLC, a Delaware Limited Liability Company;
IDT Realty LLC, a New Jersey Limited Liability Company; I.D.T. R.E. Holdings, Ltd., an Israeli Company; Broad Atlantic Associates
LLC, a Delaware Limited Liability Company; Broad Atlantic Realty LLC, a Delaware Limited Liability Company; Hillview Avenue Realty,
a Delaware Limited Liability Company; Hillview Avenue Realty JV, a Delaware Limited Liability Company; IDT Capital Real Estate
Holdings LLC, a Delaware Limited Liability Company; and IDT Capital, Inc., a Delaware Corporation. Additionally, it includes the
accounts of the majority-owned Lipomedix Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., an Israeli Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
&ldquo;Company&rdquo; in these financial statements refers to Rafael Holdings on this combined basis as if Rafael Holdings existed
and owned the above interests in these entities in all periods presented.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in combination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Properties</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company owns commercial real estate located at 520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey, which serves as headquarters for IDT, Genie
Energy Ltd. and the Company, and a related 800-car public parking garage across the street, as well as a building located at 225
Old New Brunswick Road in Piscataway, New Jersey that is used partially by IDT Telecom, Inc. for certain of its operations. Additionally,
the Company owns a portion of the 6<SUP>th</SUP> floor of a building located at 5 Shlomo Halevi Street, in Jerusalem, Israel.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Basis
of Presentation</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying unaudited combined financial statements the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America (&ldquo;U.S. GAAP&rdquo;) for interim financial information and with the instructions
to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required
by U.S.&nbsp;GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring
accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended
January 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending July&nbsp;31, 2018.
The balance sheet at July 31, 2017 has been derived from the Company&rsquo;s audited financial statements at that date, but does
not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S.&nbsp;GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information,
please refer to the combined financial statements and footnotes thereto included elsewhere in the Registration Statement on Form
10-12G filed on February 19, 2018.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&rsquo;s fiscal year ends on July&nbsp;31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal
year ending in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal year 2017 refers to the fiscal year ending July&nbsp;31, 2017).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
2&mdash;Acquisition of Lipomedix Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (&ldquo;Lipomedix&rdquo;)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lipomedix
is a development-stage, privately held Israeli company focused on the development of an innovative, safe and effective cancer
therapy based on liposome delivery.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a result of its initial $100,000 investment, the Company received approximately 3.2% of the common shares outstanding. During
the second quarter of fiscal year 2017, the Company made an additional $300,000 investment in Lipomedix, increasing its ownership
to 13.95% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares, as well as providing Lipomedix with an advance of $200,000. During the
fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017, the Company made an additional $1.1 million investment, inclusive of the $200,000 advance,
in Lipomedix, increasing its ownership to 38.86% of the issued share capital of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares. As
such, the Company began accounting for this investment under the equity method as of and for the fourth quarter of fiscal year
2017. During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017, the Company recognized approximately $113,000 as its proportionate share
of Lipomedix's loss. As of July 31, 2017, Lipomedix had assets totaling $1.2 million and liabilities totaling $77,000.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
November 16, 2017, the Company exercised its option to purchase additional shares in Lipomedix for $900,000, which increased its
ownership to 50.6% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares. As such, the Company began consolidating this investment as
of and for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
impact of the acquisition&rsquo;s purchase price allocations on the Company&rsquo;s combined balance sheet and the acquisition
date fair value of the total consideration transferred were as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><B>(in thousands)</B></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">November 16, 2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 88%; text-align: left">Other current assets&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">16</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Property and equipment, net&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">8</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">In Process Research and Development&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,575</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>Patents&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">155</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Accounts payable&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(85</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Accrued expenses&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(22</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Net assets, excluding cash acquired and noncontrolling interest&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,647</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Supplemental information: </TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"> Cash paid&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,400</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Cash acquired&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,060</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Cash paid, net of cash acquired&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,340</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Historical loss on investment&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(252</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Noncontrolling interest&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">559</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total consideration, net of cash acquired and noncontrolling interest&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,647</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
3&mdash;Fair Value Measurements</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents the balance of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><B>(in thousands)</B></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Level 1</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Level 2</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Level 3</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>January 31, 2018</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt">Available-for-sale securities:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 20pt">Rafael Pharmaceuticals convertible promissory notes &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,300</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,300</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 20pt">Total &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,300</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,300</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>July 31, 2017</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Available-for-sale securities:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 20pt">Rafael Pharmaceuticals convertible promissory notes &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,300</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,300</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 20pt">Total &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,300</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,300</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
January 31, 2018 and July 31, 2017, the Company did not have any liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
January 31, 2018 and July 31, 2017, the fair value of the Rafael convertible promissory notes, which were classified as Level
3, was estimated based on a valuation of Rafael Pharmaceuticals by reference to recent transactions in its securities,
the September 2016 Series D Convertible Note investment, as well as utilizing a discounted cash flow technique under the
Income Approach and other factors that could not be corroborated by the market.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 112; Value: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->24<!-- Field: /Sequence -->&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
3&mdash;Fair Value Measurements </B>(cont.)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following tables summarize the change in the balance of the Company&rsquo;s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant
unobservable inputs (Level 3) in the six months ended January 31, 2018 or the year ended July 31, 2017.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Six Months Ended, <BR> January 31</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><B>(in thousands)</B></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2018</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%">Balance, beginning of period &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,300</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Total gains included in other comprehensive income &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,200</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Purchases &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Balance, end of period &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,300</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,200</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&rsquo;s financial instruments include accounts and rents receivable, accounts payable, and due to IDT Corporation. The
recorded carrying amount of accounts and rents receivable, accounts payable and due to IDT Corporation approximates their fair
value due to their short-term nature. Other than noted above, the Company did not have any other assets or liabilities that were
measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of January 31, 2018 or July 31, 2017.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
4&mdash;Establishment of Valuation Allowance for Deferred Tax Asset</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Management
assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to
permit use of the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the amendments
to related party leases effective August 1, 2017, which, in comparison to fiscal year 2017, will reduce revenues by approximately
$1.7 million annually through 2025. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as
the Company&rsquo;s projections for future growth. On the basis of this evaluation, a valuation allowance of $8.4 million was
recorded to reserve for the entirety of the Company&rsquo;s domestic deferred tax asset during the first quarter of fiscal 2018.
The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income during the
carryforward period are increased, or if additional weight is given to subjective evidence, such as the Company&rsquo;s projections
for growth.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
5&mdash;Investment in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (&ldquo;Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rdquo;)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Pharmaceuticals is a clinical stage, oncology-focused pharmaceutical company committed to the development and commercialization
of therapies that exploit the metabolic differences between normal cells and cancer cells.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 7, 2015, IDT approved an investment of up to $10 million in Rafael Pharmaceuticals. $2 million of this investment was
funded as of July 31, 2016, as follows: $500,000 funded upon signing the Subscription and Loan Agreement during the second quarter
of fiscal year 2016; and $1.5 million funded during the third quarter of fiscal year 2016. The initial $2 million investment was
in exchange for Rafael Pharmaceuticals' 3.5% convertible promissory notes due in fiscal year 2018. To date, the Company has not
accrued interest on this note, as collection cannot be reasonably assured; however, the Company has received an independent appraisal
indicating the fair value of its investment in Rafael Pharmaceuticals exceeds the carrying value. On September 16, 2016, the Company
made an additional $8 million investment in exchange for Rafael Pharmaceuticals' 3.5% convertible promissory notes due in fiscal
year 2018.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon
Spin-Off, the Company will own, subsequent to January 31, 2018, its interests/rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals through a 90%-owned
non-operating subsidiary, IDT-Rafael Holdings, LLC. (&ldquo;IDT-Rafael Holdings&rdquo;). IDT-Rafael Holdings holds warrants to
purchase a significant stake in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, as well as other equity and governance rights in Rafael Pharmaceuticals,
and owns 50% of CS Pharma Holdings, LLC (&ldquo;CS Pharma&rdquo;), a non-operating entity which holds the convertible debt and
other rights to purchase equity interests in Rafael Pharmaceuticals.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Those
interests/rights include:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$10,000,000
    of Series D Convertible Notes of Rafael Pharmaceuticals held by CS Pharma.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 42.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A warrant
    to purchase 56% of the capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals &mdash; the right to exercise the first $10,000,000 worth of
    the warrant is held by CS Pharma; and the remainder is held directly by IDT-Rafael Holdings.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 42.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0; text-indent: 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain governance
    rights, including appointment of directors.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
5&mdash;Investments </B>(cont.)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
March 2, 2017, Howard Jonas, IDT&rsquo;s Chairman of the Board, and Chairman of the Board of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, purchased
10% of IDT-Rafael Holdings for a purchase price of $1 million, which represented 10% of the Company&rsquo;s cost basis in IDT-Rafael
Holdings. Accordingly, we will hold an effective 45% indirect interest in the assets held by CS Pharma, including its cash. Separately,
Howard Jonas and Deborah Jonas jointly own $525,000 of Series C Convertible Notes of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, and The Howard S.
and Deborah Jonas Foundation owns $525,000 of Series C Notes of Rafael Pharmaceuticals.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Additionally,
the Company previously owned the contractual right to receive &quot;Bonus Shares&quot; for an additional 10% of the outstanding
capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals that are issued only upon achieving certain milestones. If the milestones are met, Bonus
Shares are to be issued without any additional payment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 12, 2017, IDT&rsquo;s Compensation Committee, Corporate Governance Committee and Board of Directors approved a compensatory
arrangement with Howard S. Jonas related to this right to receive additional Rafael Pharmaceutical shares. In connection with
this arrangement, IDT-Rafael Holdings distributed this right to its members such that the Company received the right to 9% of
the outstanding capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals and Mr. Jonas received the right to 1% of the outstanding capital stock
of Rafael Pharmaceuticals. In addition, as compensation for assuming the role of Chairman of the Board of the Company, and to
create additional incentive to contribute to its success, on September 19, 2017, the Company assigned its right to receive 9%
of the outstanding capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals to Mr. Jonas. The right is further transferable by Mr. Jonas, in his
discretion.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Rafael Pharmaceuticals Series D Note earns interest at 3.5% per annum, with principal and accrued interest due and payable on
September 16, 2018. The Series D Note is convertible at the holder&rsquo;s option into shares of Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rsquo;
Series D Preferred Stock. The Series D Note also includes a mandatory conversion into Rafael Pharmaceuticals common stock upon
a qualified initial public offering, and conversion at the holder&rsquo;s option upon an unqualified financing event. In all cases,
the Series D Note conversion price is based on the applicable financing purchase price. IDT-Rafael Holdings and CS Pharma were
issued warrants to purchase shares of capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals representing up to 56% of the then issued and outstanding
capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, on an as-converted and fully diluted basis. The right to exercise warrants as to the
first $10 million thereof is held by CS Pharma and the remainder is owned by IDT-Rafael Holdings. The warrant expires on December
31, 2020. Currently, if the Company desires to raise additional financing from unaffiliated parties in connection with its exercise
of its warrant or other current rights to invest in Rafael Pharmaceuticals (but not including the Rafael Pharmaceuticals rights
held by CS Pharma), it first must give the other CS Pharma holders the opportunity to provide such financing on a pro rata basis.
The exercise price of the warrant is the lower of 70% of the price sold in an equity financing, or $1.25 per share, subject to
certain adjustments. The minimum initial and subsequent exercises of the warrant shall be for such number of shares that will
result in at least $5 million of gross proceeds to Rafael Pharmaceuticals, or such lesser amount as represents 5% of the outstanding
capital stock of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, or such lesser amount as may then remain unexercised. The warrant will expire upon the
earlier of December 31, 2020 or a qualified initial public offering or liquidation event of Rafael Pharmaceuticals.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of January 31, 2018, and based on current shares issued and outstanding of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, the Company would need to pay
approximately $71 million to exercise the warrant in full and approximately $56 million to purchase a 51% controlling stake. On
an as-converted and fully diluted basis (for all convertible securities of Rafael Pharmaceuticals outstanding), the Company would
need approximately $122 million to exercise the warrant in full and approximately $98 million to purchase a 51% controlling stake
in Rafael Pharmaceuticals. Given the Company&rsquo;s anticipated available cash upon the Spin-Off, the Company would not be able
to exercise the warrant in its entirety and the Company may never be able to exercise the warrant in full.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company serves as the managing member of IDT-Rafael Holdings and IDT-Rafael Holdings serves as the managing member of CS Pharma,
with broad authority to make all key decisions regarding their respective holdings. Any distributions that are made to CS Pharma
from Rafael Pharmaceuticals that are in turn distributed by CS Pharma, will need to be made pro rata to all members, which would
entitle IDT-Rafael Holdings to 50% (based on current ownership) of such distributions. Similarly, if IDT-Rafael Holdings were
to distribute proceeds it receives from CS Pharma, it would do so on a pro rata basis, entitled the Company to 90% (based on current
ownership) of such distributions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
5&mdash;Investments </B>(cont.)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&rsquo;s investment in Rafael Pharmaceuticals, which was included in &ldquo;Investments&rdquo; in the accompanying combined
balance sheets, consists of the following:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">(Unaudited) <BR> January 31, <BR> 2018</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">July 31, <BR> 2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">Convertible promissory note (at fair value) &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,300</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,300</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Warrants (at cost) &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,400</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,400</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Right to receive additional shares (at cost) &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">400</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total investment in Rafael Pharmaceuticals &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">11,700</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,100</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Pharmaceuticals is a variable interest entity; however, the Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary as is
does not have the power to direct the activities of Rafael Pharmaceuticals that most significantly impact Rafael Pharmaceuticals&rsquo;
economic performance.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
6&mdash;Related Party Transactions</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company continues to maintain an intercompany balance Due to IDT that relates to loan repayments, charges for services provided
to the Company by IDT and payroll costs for the Company's personnel that are paid by IDT, partially offset by rental income paid
by various companies under common control to IDT to the Company. Historically, this also related to cash advances for investments.
IDT advanced $900,000 and $9.4 million to the Company during the six months ended January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2017 to invest
in Rafael Pharmaceuticals and Lipomedix. IDT charges the Company for certain transactions and allocates routine expenses for,
among other things: (1) the allocation between the Company and IDT of employee benefits, taxes and other liabilities and obligations;
(2) services to be provided by IDT relating to human resources and employee benefits administration; (3) the allocation of responsibilities
relating to employee compensation and benefit plans and programs and other related matters; and (4) finance, accounting, tax and
legal services to be provided by IDT to the Company. In the six months ended January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2017, IDT allocated
to the Company an aggregate of approximately $436,000 and $471,000, respectively, for payroll, benefits, insurance and other expenses,
which were included in &ldquo;Selling, general and administrative expense&rdquo; in the combined statements of comprehensive income
(loss). In all periods presented, the Company was included in IDT's combined federal income tax return.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
change in the Company&rsquo;s liability to IDT was as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Six Months Ended<BR> January 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2018</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(unaudited)</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2017</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(unaudited)</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%">Balance at beginning of period &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">23,693</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">15,145</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Payments by IDT on behalf of the Company &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">436</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">471</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Rental revenues earned from IDT &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(994</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,682</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Cash repayments, net of advances &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,256</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">9,326</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">Balance at end of period &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">24,391</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">23,260</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company amended all of its related party leases as of August 1, 2017. The related party leases expire in April 2025 and are for
88,631 square feet and include two parking spots per thousand square feet of space leased at 520 Broad Street and for 12,400 square
feet in Israel. The annual rent will be approximately $2.0 million. The related parties have the right to terminate theses leases
upon four months&rsquo; notice, and upon early termination will pay a termination penalty equal to 25% of the portion of the rent
due over the course of the remaining term.&nbsp;Related parties will have the right to lease an additional 25,000 square feet
in the building located at 520 Broad Street on the same terms as the base lease, and other rights to a further 25,000 square feet
should all available space be leased to other tenants. Upon expiration of the lease, these related parties have the right to renew
the leases for another 5 years.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
7&mdash;Business Segment Information </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company conducts business as two operating segments, Pharmaceuticals and Real Estate. The Company&rsquo;s reportable segments
are distinguished by types of service, customers and methods used to provide their services. The operating results of these business
segments are regularly reviewed by the Company&rsquo;s chief operating decision maker. Beginning in the second quarter of fiscal
2018, the Pharmaceuticals segment is comprised of debt interests and warrants in Rafael Pharmaceuticals and a majority equity
interest in Lipomedix Pharmaceuticals. Comparative results have been reclassified and restated as if the Pharmaceuticals segment
existed for all periods presented. To date, the Pharmaceuticals segment has not generated any revenues.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Real Estate segment includes the Company&rsquo;s real estate holdings, including the building at 520 Broad Street in Newark, New
Jersey that houses IDT&rsquo;s headquarters and its associated public garage, an office/data center building in Piscataway, New
Jersey and a portion of a building in Israel that hosts offices for IDT and certain affiliates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accounting policies of the segments are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. The Company evaluates the
performance of its Real Estate segment based primarily on income (loss) from operations and its Pharmaceuticals segment based
primarily on research and development efforts and results of clinical trials. All investments in Rafael Pharmaceuticals and assets,
expenses and expenses associated with Lipomedix are tracked separately in the Pharmaceuticals segment. All corporate costs are
allocated to the Real Estate segment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
results for the business segments of the Company are as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Pharmaceuticals</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Real Estate</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">Three&nbsp;Months&nbsp;Ended January 31, 2018</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%">Revenues&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">956</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">956</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">(Loss) income from operations&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(357</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(459</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(816</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">Three&nbsp;Months&nbsp;Ended January 31, 2017</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Revenues&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,337</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,337</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Income (loss) from operations&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">127</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">127</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">Six&nbsp;Months&nbsp;Ended January 31, 2018</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Revenues&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,063</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,063</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">(Loss) income from operations&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(357</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,512</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,869</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">Six&nbsp;Months&nbsp;Ended January 31, 2017</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD>Revenues&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,736</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,736</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Income (loss) from operations&#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&mdash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">285</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">285</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->28<!-- Field: /Sequence -->&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Note
7&mdash;Business Segment Information</B></FONT> (cont.)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Geographic
Information</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues
from customers located outside of the United States were generated entirely from related parties located in Israel. Revenues from
these non-United States customers as a percentage of total revenues were as follows (revenues by country are determined based
on the location of the related facility):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Six months ended</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>January 31,</B></FONT><BR> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2018</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(unaudited)</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>January 31,</B></FONT><BR> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2017</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(unaudited)</B></FONT></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 76%; text-align: left">Revenue from customers located in Israel &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">2</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">5</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
long-lived assets and total assets held by the Company were located as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">(in thousands)</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">United States</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Foreign</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">January 31, 2018 (unaudited)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 64%; text-align: left">Long-lived Assets, net &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">61,449</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,728</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">65,177</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total Assets &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">73,034</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,610</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">77,644</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">July 31, 2017</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Long-lived Assets, net &#9;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">71,674</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,363</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">74,037</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total Assets &#9;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">83,675</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,529</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">86,204</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Note
8&mdash;Commitments and Contingencies</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Legal
Proceedings</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company may from time to time be subject to legal proceedings that may arise in the ordinary course of business. Although there
can be no assurance in this regard, the Company does not expect any of those legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect
on the Company&rsquo;s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0">F-29</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>




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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
