<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001213900-20-044093.txt : 20201222
<SEC-HEADER>0001213900-20-044093.hdr.sgml : 20201222
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20201222165328
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001213900-20-044093
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20201216
ITEM INFORMATION:		Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
ITEM INFORMATION:		Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20201222
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20201222

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			IDT CORP
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001005731
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS (NO RADIO TELEPHONE) [4813]
		IRS NUMBER:				223415036
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0731

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-16371
		FILM NUMBER:		201408715

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		520 BROAD ST
		CITY:			NEWARK
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07102
		BUSINESS PHONE:		973 438 1000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		520 BROAD STREET
		CITY:			NEWARK
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07102
</SEC-HEADER>
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<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Pursuant to Section&#160;13 or 15(d)
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>



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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Registrant&#8217;s telephone number,
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Not Applicable</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(Former name or former address, if changed
since last report.)</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Check the appropriate box below if the
Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions
(see General Instruction A.2. below):</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td>Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td>Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
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Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (17 CFR &#167;240.12b-2).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Emerging growth company <span id="xdx_90C_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20201216__20201216_zh3cHcN7JUT2"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-12-16to2020-12-16" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark
if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9744;</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
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    <td style="width: 0.75in; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item&#160;5.02</b></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><b>Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.</b></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt">(e) <span style="background-color: white">The
term of the Fourth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Howard Jonas and </span>IDT Corporation (the
&#8220;Registrant&#8221; or the &#8220;Company&#8221;) is scheduled to <span style="background-color: white">expire on
December 31, 2021.</span> On December 16, 2020, the Compensation Committee of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors approved
a Fifth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement (the &#8220;Fifth Amended Agreement&#8221;) with Howard Jonas that will be
replace the <span style="background-color: white">Fourth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement</span> and be effective
January 1, 2021. <span style="background-color: white">Pursuant to the Fifth Amended Agreement, Howard Jonas will receive an
annual cash base salary of $250,000 from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 for his role as senior advisor to the Chief
Executive Officer and, if so designated by the Board of Directors, Chairman of the Board of the Company. Howard Jonas will be
entitled to receive d</span>iscretionary b<span style="background-color: white">onuses approved by the Chief Executive
Officer or the </span>Compensation Committee of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors. The term of the Fifth Amended
Agreement <span style="background-color: white">shall automatically extend for additional one-year periods, unless prior
notice is given by either party. </span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt">A copy of the Fifth Amended Agreement
is attached hereto as Exhibit 10.01 and is incorporated by reference herein as if set forth in full.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: justify; width: 0"></td><td style="width: 0.75in; text-align: justify"><b>Item 5.07</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.</b></td>
</tr></table>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt">(a) The
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on the matters set forth below.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt">(b) (1) A majority of the votes
present or represented at the Meeting by the holders of shares entitled to vote on the following matter were voted in
connection with the election of each of the Board of Directors nominees named in the Proxy Statement of the Company.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20pt">The nominees for election to the Board of
Directors were elected, each for a one-year term, based upon the following votes:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Liora Stein</td><td>&#160;</td>
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</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item&#160;9.01. Financial Statements
and Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(d) Exhibits.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; padding-right: 0.8pt"><b>Exhibit&#160;No.</b></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; padding-right: 1.6pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 90%; padding-right: 1.6pt"><b>Document</b></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 1.6pt">10.01</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 1.6pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 1.6pt"><a href="ea132026ex10-01_idtcorp.htm">Fifth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between IDT Corporation and Howard S. Jonas</a></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 23pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23pt">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2"><b>IDT CORPORATION</b></td></tr>
<tr>
    <td style="width: 60%">Dated: December 22, 2020</td>
    <td style="width: 5%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 35%">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</td></tr>
<tr>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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<tr>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top">Name:&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">Shmuel Jonas</td>
    </tr>
<tr>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top">Title:</td>
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    </tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>




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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>EXHIBIT INDEX</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; padding-right: 1.6pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; width: 90%; padding-right: 1.6pt; vertical-align: bottom"><b>Document</b></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-right: 1.6pt">10.01</td>
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    <td style="padding-right: 1.6pt"><a href="ea132026ex10-01_idtcorp.htm">Fifth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between IDT Corporation and Howard S. Jonas</a></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">3</p>

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<TYPE>EX-10.01
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<FILENAME>ea132026ex10-01_idtcorp.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FIFTH AMENDED AND RESTATED EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT BY AND BETWEEN IDT CORPORATION AND HOWARD S. JONAS
<TEXT>
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<HEAD>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 10.01</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXECUTION COPY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">FIFTH AMENDED AND RESTATED EMPLOYMENT
AGREEMENT</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This FIFTH AMENDED
AND RESTATED EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (this &ldquo;Agreement&rdquo;), entered into this 16<SUP>TH</SUP> day of December 2020, is by
and between IDT Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), and Howard S. Jonas (the &ldquo;Employee&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">WHEREAS, in recognition
of the Employee&rsquo;s experience and abilities, the Company desires to assure itself of the continued employment of the Employee
in accordance with the terms and conditions provided herein;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">WHEREAS, the Employee
wishes to continue to perform services for the Company in accordance with the terms and conditions provided herein;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">WHEREAS, the Company
and the Employee are parties to that certain Fourth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of December 14, 2016 (the
&ldquo;Prior Agreement&rdquo;); and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">WHEREAS, the parties
desire to further amend and restate the Prior Agreement, with effect beginning on January 1, 2021 (the &ldquo;Effective Date&rdquo;)
as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">NOW, THEREFORE, in
consideration of the promises and the respective covenants and agreements of the parties herein contained, and intending to be
legally bound hereby, the parties hereto agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1. <U>Employment; Prior
Agreement</U>. The Company hereby agrees to continue to employ the Employee, and the Employee hereby agrees to continue to be employed
by and perform services for the Company, on the terms and conditions set forth herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For all purposes (i)
related to the period up to 11:59 p.m. on December 31, 2020, the Prior Agreement (other than with respect to the title and executive
status of the Employee which was previously modified and shall be as described herein) shall remain in full force and effect, and
(ii) related to the period beginning on and following the Effective Date hereof, except as expressly provided herein, the Prior
Agreement shall be of no further force or effect and the terms hereof shall govern the employment relationship between the Company
and the Employee and the other matters covered hereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2. <U>Term</U>. This
Agreement is for the period (the &ldquo;Term&rdquo;) commencing on the Effective Date hereof, and terminating on December 31, 2021,
or upon the Employee&rsquo;s earlier death or other termination of employment pursuant to Section 7 hereof; <U>provided, however</U>,
that commencing on December 31, 2021 and each anniversary thereafter, the Term shall automatically be extended for one additional
year beyond its otherwise scheduled expiration unless, not later than ninety (90) days prior to any such anniversary, either party
hereto shall have notified the other party in writing that such extension shall not take effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3. <U>Position</U>.
During the Term, the Employee shall serve as a senior advisor to the Chief Executive Officer of the Company (the &ldquo;CEO&rdquo;),
and agrees to serve as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company, if so designated by the Board. The Employee is not
currently an officer of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4. <U>Duties</U>. During
the Term, the Employee shall use his skills and render services to the best of his abilities on behalf of the Company. The Employee
shall dedicate as much time as is, in the judgment of the CEO or the Board of Directors of the Company (the &ldquo;Board&rdquo;),
necessary or advisable for the performance his duties hereunder, provided that the Company acknowledges that this is not a full-time
position and the Employee has other significant professional commitments and activities, including, without limitation, serving
as the Chairman of the Board of Genie Energy Ltd. IDW Media Holdings, Inc., Rafael Holdings, Inc. and Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
as Vice Chairman of the Board of Zedge, Inc., and as Chief Executive Officer of Rafael Holdings, Inc., as well as in certain other
positions with business and not-for-profit entities, and that, none of such commitments and activities shall be deemed to be a
breach of the terms hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5. <U>Place of Performance</U>.
The Employee shall perform his duties and conduct his business at the offices of the Company, currently located in Newark, New
Jersey, except for required travel on the Company&rsquo;s business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6. <U>Compensation
and Related Matters</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a) <U>Base Salary</U>.
The Company shall pay the Employee cash compensation at a rate of TWO HUNDRED FIFTY THOUSAND DOLLARS ($250,000) per annum, payable
in accordance with the Company&rsquo;s standard payroll practices, less applicable taxes and customary withholdings.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b) <U>Bonuses</U>. The
Employee shall be entitled to discretionary bonuses or other incentive compensation at levels, if any, determined by the CEO or
the Compensation Committee of the Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c) <U>Employee Benefit
Plans</U>. During the Term, the Employee shall be entitled to participate in those incentive plans, programs, and arrangements
which are available to senior personnel of the Company (the &ldquo;Benefits Plans&rdquo;). The Employee shall be provided benefits
under the Benefit Plans substantially equivalent, in the aggregate, to the benefits provided to senior personnel of the Company
and on substantially similar terms and conditions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d) <U>Pension and Welfare
Benefits</U>. During the Term, the Employee shall be eligible to participate in the pension and retirement plans (the &ldquo;Pension
Plans&rdquo;) provided to senior personnel of the Company, and participate fully in all health benefits, insurance programs, life
and disability insurance and other similar welfare benefit arrangements available to senior personnel of the Company and shall
be provided benefits under such plans and arrangements substantially equivalent, in the aggregate, to the benefits provided to
senior personnel of the Company and on substantially similar terms and conditions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e) <U>Fringe Benefits
and Perquisites</U>. During the Term, the Company shall provide to the Employee all of the fringe benefits and perquisites that
are provided to senior personnel of the Company, and the Employee shall be entitled to receive any other fringe benefits or perquisites
that become available to senior personnel of the Company subsequent to the date hereof. The benefits described herein include,
but are not limited to, an automobile leased for the Employee by the Company, the make and model of which is consistent with that
being used by the Employee on the execution date of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(f) <U>Business Expenses</U>.
The Employee will be reimbursed for all ordinary and necessary business expenses incurred by him in connection with his employment
(including without limitation, expenses for travel and entertainment incurred in conducting or promoting business for the Company)
upon submission by the Employee of receipts and other documentation in accordance with the Company&rsquo;s normal reimbursement
procedures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">7. <U>Termination</U>.
The Employee&rsquo;s employment hereunder may be terminated upon breach of the Agreement, upon resignation by the Employee, or
under the following circumstances:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a) <U>Death; Disability</U>.
The Employee&rsquo;s employment hereunder shall terminate upon his death or, except as may otherwise be prohibited by law, shall
terminate on his &ldquo;Disability&rdquo; (as hereafter defined). For purposes of this Agreement, &ldquo;Disability&rdquo; shall
mean the inability of the Employee to perform his duties on account of a physical or mental illness for a period of ninety (90)
consecutive days or one hundred and twenty (120) days in any eight (8) month period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b) <U>Cause</U>. The
Company may terminate the Employee&rsquo;s employment hereunder for &ldquo;Cause.&rdquo; For purposes of this Agreement, the Company
shall have &ldquo;Cause&rdquo; to terminate the Employee&rsquo;s employment hereunder (i) upon the Employee&rsquo;s conviction
for the commission of an act or acts constituting a felony under the laws of the United States or any state thereof, or (ii) upon
the Employee&rsquo;s willful and continued failure to substantially perform his duties hereunder (other than any such failure resulting
from the Employee&rsquo;s incapacity due to physical or mental illness), after written notice has been delivered to the Employee
by the Company, which notice specifically identifies the manner in which the Employee has not substantially performed his duties,
and the Employee&rsquo;s failure to substantially perform his duties is not cured within ten (10) business days after notice of
such failure has been given to the Employee. For purposes of this Section 7 (b), no act or failure to act on the Employee&rsquo;s
part shall be deemed &ldquo;willful&rdquo; unless done or omitted to be done, by the Employee not in good faith and without reasonable
belief that the Employee&rsquo;s act, or failure to act, was in the best interest of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c) <U>Termination by
the Employee</U>. As provided in this Section 7(c), the Employee may terminate his employment hereunder for &ldquo;Good Reason.&rdquo;
&ldquo;Good Reason&rdquo; shall mean the occurrence (without the Employee&rsquo;s express written consent) of any one of the following
acts by the Company taken without the express approval or concurrent of the Employee, or failure by the Company to act:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">(i) a
material breach of this Agreement by the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">(ii)
a substantial adverse alteration in the nature or status of the Employee&rsquo;s responsibilities; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">(iii)
any purported termination of the Employee&rsquo;s employment by the Company which is not effected pursuant to the terms of this
Agreement (and no such purported termination shall be effective).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">(iv)
A material reduction in the Employee&rsquo;s annual base salary;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">(v) a
significant reduction in the Employee&rsquo;s positions, duties, responsibilities or reporting lines from those described in Section
4 hereof;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">(vi)
relocation of the Employee&rsquo;s principal place of employment outside of the Newark, New Jersey area; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">(vii)
a &ldquo;Change in Control,&rdquo; as defined in the Company&rsquo;s 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(each of the foregoing being a &ldquo;Good
Reason Event&rdquo;). The Employee may terminate employment for Good Reason if (A) the Employee has given written notice to the
Company of the existence of the Good Reason Event no later than 90 days after its initial existence, (B) the Company has not remedied
such Good Reason Event in all material respects within 30 days after its receipt of such written notice, and (C) the Employee terminated
employment within one year following the initial existence of such Good Reason Event.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Employee&rsquo;s right to terminate
his employment for Good Reason shall not be affected by the Employee&rsquo;s incapacity due to physical or mental illness. The
Employee&rsquo;s continued employment shall not constitute consent to, or a waiver of rights with respect to any act or failure
to act constituting Good Reason hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a termination shall not be treated as a Termination for
Good Reason if the Employee shall have consented in writing to the occurrence of the event giving rise to the claim of Termination
for Good Reason.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d) <U>Notice of Termination</U>.
Any termination of the Employee&rsquo;s employment by the Company or by the Employee (other than termination by reason of the Employee&rsquo;s
death) shall be communicated by written Notice of Termination to the other party hereto in accordance with Section 12 hereof. For
purposes of this Agreement, a &ldquo;Notice of Termination&rdquo; shall mean a notice that shall indicate the specific termination
provision in this Agreement relied upon and shall set forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claims to provide
a basis for termination of the Employee&rsquo;s employment under the provision so indicated. Further, a Notice of Termination for
Cause or Disability must include a copy of a resolution duly adopted by the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of the
entire membership of the Board at a meeting of the Board (in the case of a termination for Cause, after reasonable notice to the
Employee and an opportunity for the Employee, together with the Employee&rsquo;s counsel, to be heard before the Board) finding
that, in the good faith opinion of the Board, the Employee was guilty of conduct set forth in the definition of Cause herein or
satisfied the criteria of a Disability, and specifying the particulars thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e) <U>Date of Termination</U>.
&ldquo;Date of Termination&rdquo; shall mean if the Employee&rsquo;s employment is terminated (i) by his death, the date of his
death, (ii) by reason of Disability, the date that the Employee is determined by the Board to have suffered a Disability, (iii)
by resignation of the Employee, the date the Employee so notifies the Board, or (iv) pursuant to paragraph (b) or (c) above, the
date specified in the Notice of Termination; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that if within thirty (30) days after any Notice
of Termination is given the party receiving such Notice of Termination notifies the other party that a dispute exists concerning
the termination, the Date of Termination shall be the date on which the dispute is finally determined. If within fifteen (15) days
after any Notice of Termination is given, or if later, prior to the Date of Termination (as determined without regard to this Section
7(e)), the party receiving such Notice of Termination notifies the other party that a dispute exists concerning the termination,
the Date of Termination shall be the date on which the dispute is finally resolved, either by mutual written agreement of the parties
or by a final judgment, order or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction (which is not appealable or with respect to which
the time for appeal, therefrom has expired and no appeal has been perfected); provided further that the Date of Termination shall
be extended by a notice of dispute only if such notice is given in good faith and the party giving such notice pursues the resolution
of such dispute with reasonable diligence.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(f) <U>Compensation During
Dispute</U>. If a purported termination occurs during the Term of this Agreement, and such termination is disputed in accordance
with Section 7(e) hereof, the Company shall continue to pay the Employee his base salary in effect when the notice giving rise
to the dispute was given and continue the Employee as a participant in all compensation, benefit and insurance plans in which the
Employee was participating when the notice giving rise to the dispute was given, until the dispute is finally resolved. Amounts
paid under this Section 7(f) are in addition to all other amounts due under this Agreement and shall not be offset against or reduce
any other amounts due under this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">8. <U>Compensation
Upon Termination or During Disability</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a) <U>Death; Disability</U>.
In the event that the Employee&rsquo;s employment is terminated pursuant to Section 7(a) hereof, then as soon as practicable thereafter,
the Company shall pay the Employee or the Employee&rsquo;s Beneficiary (as defined in Section 11(b) hereof), as the case may be,
(i) all unpaid amounts, if any, to which the Employee was entitled as of the Date of Termination under Section 6(a) hereof and
(ii) all unpaid amounts to which the Employee was then entitled under the Benefit Plans, the Pension Plans and any other unpaid
employee benefits, perquisites or other reimbursements (the amounts set forth in clauses (i) and (ii) above being hereinafter referred
to as the &ldquo;Accrued Obligations&rdquo;). In addition, in the event of the termination of this Agreement due to the Employee&rsquo;s
death or Disability, the Company shall, within sixty (60) days following the Date of Termination, pay to the Employee or Employee&rsquo;s
estate a lump sum payment equal to twelve (12) months of the cash portion of the Employee&rsquo;s base salary (at the rate in effect
on the date of his death) (the &ldquo;Severance Benefit&rdquo;). Any unvested equity grants in the Company or its subsidiaries
granted to the Employee in connection with his service to the Company (&ldquo;Equity Grants&rdquo;) shall Vest upon a termination
pursuant to Section 7(a).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b) <U>Termination for
Cause; Voluntary Termination without Good Reason</U>. If the Employee&rsquo;s employment is terminated by the Company for Cause
or by the Employee other than for Good Reason, then the Company shall pay all Accrued Obligations to the Employee and the Company
shall have no further obligations to the Employee under this Agreement. If the Employee&rsquo;s employment is terminated by the
Employee other than for Good Reason or by the Company for Cause, all Restricted Stock that has not Vested shall be forfeited.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c) <U>Termination Without
Cause; Termination for Good Reason</U>. If the Company shall terminate the Employee&rsquo;s employment, other than for Cause, or
the Employee shall terminate his employment for Good Reason, then;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">(i) the
Company shall pay to the Employee, the Accrued Obligations when due under the Company&rsquo;s then payroll practices;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">(ii)
all Equity Grants shall accelerate and Vest as of the Date of Termination; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">(iii)
the Company shall pay the Employee the Severance Benefit within sixty (60) days of the delivery by the Employee of the Release
Agreement. As a condition to receiving the Severance Benefit, the Employee will be required to execute and deliver the Company&rsquo;s
standard release agreement (the &ldquo;Release Agreement&rdquo;) within forty-five (45) days following the Date of Termination.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">9. <U>Non-Disclosure</U>.
The parties hereto agree, recognize and acknowledge that during the Term the Employee shall obtain knowledge of confidential information
regarding the business and affairs of the Company. It is therefore agreed that the Employee will respect and protect the confidentiality
of all confidential information pertaining to the Company, and will not (i) without the prior written consent of the Company, (ii)
unless required in the course of the Employee&rsquo;s employment hereunder, or (iii) unless the Employee has an independent right
or obligation under applicable law, rules, regulations or court, government or regulatory authority order or decree, disclose in
any fashion such confidential information to any person (other than a person who is a director of, or who is employed by, the Company
or any subsidiary or who is engaged to render services to the Company or any subsidiary) at any time during or after the Term.
This Agreement does not limit the Employee&rsquo;s ability to communicate with the Securities Exchange Commission or otherwise
participate in any investigation or proceeding that may be conducted by the Securities Exchange Commission, including providing
documents or other information, without notice to the Company. This Agreement further does not limit the Employee&rsquo;s ability
to communicate with any other government agency or otherwise participate in any investigation or proceeding that may be conducted
by any government agency, including providing documents or other information, without notice to the Company, where such limitation
would be contrary to law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">10. <U>Covenant Not
to Compete</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a) The Employee hereby
agrees that for a period of one (1) year following the termination of this Agreement (other than a termination of the Employee&rsquo;s
employment (i) by the Employee for Good Reason or (ii) by the Company other than for Cause) (the &ldquo;Restricted Period&rdquo;)
the Employee shall not, directly or indirectly, whether acting individually or through any person, firm, corporation, business
or any other entity:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">(i) engage
in, or have any interest in any person, firm, corporation, business or other entity (as an officer, director, employee, agent,
stockholder, or other security holder, creditor, consultant or otherwise) that engages in any business activity where a substantial
aspect of the business of the Company is conducted, or planned to be conducted, at any time during the Restricted Period, which
business activity is the same as, similar to or competitive with the Company as the same may be conducted from time to time;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 6; Value: 2 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">(ii)
interfere with any contractual relationship that may exist from time to time of the business of the Company, including, but not
limited to, any contractual relationship with any director, officer, employee, or sales agent, or supplier of the Company; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">(iii)
solicit, induce or influence, or seek to induce or influence, any person who currently is, or from time to time may be, engaged
or employed by the Company (as an officer, director, employee, agent, or independent contractor) to terminate his or her employment
or engagement by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 70.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b) Notwithstanding anything
to the contrary contained herein, the Employee, directly or indirectly, may own publicly traded stock constituting not more than
five percent (5%) of the outstanding shares of such class of stock of any corporation covered by clause (a)(i) above if, and as
long as, the Employee is not an officer, director, employee or agent of, or consultant or advisor to, or has any other relationship
or agreement with such corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c) The Employee acknowledges
that the restrictive provisions contained in this Agreement are reasonable and necessary, in view of the nature of the Company
and his knowledge thereof, in order to protect the legitimate interests of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">11. <U>Successors;
Binding Agreement</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a) The Company shall
require any successor (whether direct or indirect, by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all
of the business and/or assets of the Company, by agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Employee, to expressly
assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Company would be required to perform
it if no such succession had taken place. Failure of the Company to obtain such assumption and agreement prior to the effectiveness
of any such succession shall be a breach of this Agreement and shall entitle the Employee to compensation from the Company in the
same amount and on the same terms as he would be entitled to hereunder if he terminated his employment for Good Reason, except
that for purposes of implementing the foregoing, the date on which any such succession becomes effective shall be deemed the Date
of Termination. As used in this Agreement, &ldquo;Company&rdquo; shall mean the Company as hereinafter defined and any successor
to its business and/or assets as aforesaid that executes and delivers the agreement provided for in this Section 11 or that otherwise
becomes bound by all the terms and provisions of this Agreement by operation of law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b) This Agreement and
all rights of the Employee hereunder shall inure to the benefit of and be enforced by the Employee&rsquo;s personal or legal representatives,
executors, administrators, successors, heirs, distributee, devisee, and legatees. If the Employee should die while any amounts
should still be payable to him hereunder if he had continued to live, all such amounts, unless otherwise provided herein, shall
be paid in accordance with the terms of this Agreement to the Employee&rsquo;s devisee, legatee, or other designee or, if there
be no such designee, to the Employee&rsquo;s estate (any of which is referred to herein as a &ldquo;Beneficiary&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">12. <U>Notice</U>.
For purposes of this Agreement, notices, demands and all other communications provided for in this Agreement shall be in writing
and shall be deemed to have been duly given when delivered or (unless otherwise specified) mailed by United States certified or
registered mail, return receipt requested, postage paid, addressed as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in">If to the Company:<BR>
<BR>
IDT Corporation<BR>
520 Broad Street<BR>
Newark, New Jersey 07102<BR>
Attn: General Counsel</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in">If to the Employee, at the Employee&rsquo;s address
in the Company&rsquo;s human resources files;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">or to such other address as either party may have furnished
to the other in writing in accordance herewith, except that notices of change of address shall be effective only upon receipt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">13. <U>Miscellaneous</U>.
No provision of this Agreement may be modified, waived or discharged unless such waiver, modification or discharge is agreed to
in writing signed by the Employee and such other officer of the Company as may be specifically designated by the Board. No waiver
by either party hereto at any time of any breach by the other party hereto, or compliance with any condition or provision of this
Agreement to be performed by such other party shall be deemed a waiver of similar or dissimilar provisions or conditions at the
same or prior or subsequent time. No agreements or representations, oral or otherwise, express or implied, with respect to the
subject matter hereof have been made by either party which are not set forth expressly in this Agreement. The validity, interpretation,
construction and performance of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the state of New Jersey without regard to its conflicts
of law principles.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">14. <U>Validity</U>.
The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability
if any such other provision of this Agreement, which shall remain in full force and effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">15. <U>Remedies of
the Company</U>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon any termination for Cause that may cause irreparable harm to the Company or upon the violation
of the provisions of Section 9 or 10 hereof, the Company shall be entitled, if it so elects, to institute and prosecute proceedings
to obtain injunctive relief and damages, costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and
expenses, with respect to such termination.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">16. <U>Counterparts</U>.
This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original but all of which together
will constitute one and the same instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">17. <U>Entire Agreement</U>.
This Agreement and the other agreements referred to herein, set forth the entire agreement of the parties hereto in respect of
the subject matter contained herein and supersede any and all other prior agreements, promises, covenants, arrangements, communications,
representations or warranties, whether oral or written, by any officer, employee or representative of any party hereto, and in
prior agreements of the parties hereto in respect to the subject matter contained herein is hereby terminated and canceled.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">18. <U>Special Rules
Regarding Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) It is intended
that any and all benefits under this Agreement either (i) shall not constitute &ldquo;nonqualified deferred compensation&rdquo;
within the meaning of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code (&ldquo;Section 409A&rdquo;), and therefore are exempt from Section
409A or (ii) are subject to a &ldquo;substantial risk of forfeiture&rdquo; and exempt from Section 409A under the &ldquo;short&minus;term
deferral rule&rdquo; set forth in Treasury Regulation &sect; 1.409A&minus;1(b)(4). In any event, all provisions of this Agreement
shall be construed and interpreted in a manner consistent with the requirements for avoiding taxes or penalties under Section 409A.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) Notwithstanding
anything herein to the contrary, if the Company determines that the Severance Benefit constitutes &ldquo;nonqualified deferred
compensation&rdquo; within the meaning of Section 409A, payment of such Severance Benefit shall not commence until the Employee
incurs a &ldquo;separation from service&rdquo; within the meaning of Treasury Regulation &sect;1.409A&minus;1(h) (&ldquo;Separation
from Service&rdquo;). If, at the time of the Employee&rsquo;s Separation from Service, the Employee is a &ldquo;specified employee&rdquo;
(under Section 409A), such Severance Benefit shall not be paid until after the earlier of (i) the expiration of the six&minus;month
period measured from the date of the Employee&rsquo;s Separation from Service with the Company, or (ii) the date of the Employee&rsquo;s
death (the &ldquo;409A Suspension Period&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) The determination
of whether the Severance Benefit constitutes &ldquo;nonqualified deferred compensation&rdquo; within the meaning of Section 409A
shall be made by the Company in good faith. If the Company determines that such Severance Benefit is subject to the 409A Suspension
Period, and the Employee does not believe that such determination is reasonable, then the Company and the Employee shall mutually
select, at the Company&rsquo;s expense, an independent outside counsel to render a legal opinion regarding the applicability of
the 409A Suspension Period. If the outside counsel described in the preceding sentence agrees with the Company&rsquo;s determination
that any items due to the Employee under this agreement should be subject to the 409A Suspension Period, then such payment shall
be made at the end of the 409A Suspension Period as set forth in Section 17(b) hereof; provided however, if such outside counsel
determines that such payment shall not be subject to the 409A Suspension Period, then such payment shall be effected within fourteen
(14) days of the date of such counsel&rsquo;s determination.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the Employee has executed this Fifth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, and the Company has cause this Fifth Amended and
Restated Employment Agreement to be executed by its duly authorized representative, as of the date and year first above written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>EMPLOYEE</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: justify">/s/ Howard S. Jonas</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: justify">Howard S. Jonas</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>IDT CORPORATION</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 4%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 36%; text-align: justify">/s/ Marcelo Fischer</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Marcelo Fischer</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Chief Financial Officer</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">10</P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>ea132026-8k_idtcorp_htm.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xbrl
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>7
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.20.4</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140321119885368">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 16, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Dec. 16,  2020<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">1-16371<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">IDT CORPORATION<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001005731<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">22-3415036<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">520 Broad Street<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Newark<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NJ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">07102<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(973)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">438-1000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Class B common stock, par value $.01 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">IDT<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
