<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001493152-23-020689.txt : 20230609
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20230609133810
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001493152-23-020689
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	10-Q
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		103
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20230430
FILED AS OF DATE:		20230609
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20230609

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			IDT CORP
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001005731
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS (NO RADIO TELEPHONE) [4813]
		IRS NUMBER:				223415036
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0731

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		10-Q
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-16371
		FILM NUMBER:		231004714

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		520 BROAD ST
		CITY:			NEWARK
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07102
		BUSINESS PHONE:		973 438 1000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		520 BROAD STREET
		CITY:			NEWARK
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07102
</SEC-HEADER>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>UNITED
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><b>Washington,
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_906_edei--DocumentTransitionReport_c20220801__20230430_zu6kFupkC1Oi"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:DocumentTransitionReport">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>TRANSITION
                                            REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 </b></span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 24.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Commission
File Number: <span id="xdx_904_edei--EntityFileNumber_c20220801__20230430_z2bkiq3lD6Kd"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" name="dei:EntityFileNumber">1-16371</ix:nonNumeric></span> </b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 25%"><div style="border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 1pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b><span id="xdx_90F_edei--EntityRegistrantName_c20220801__20230430_zhX2A5aoXHyi"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName">IDT
CORPORATION</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(Exact
Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter) </b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 25%"><div style="border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 1pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 49%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_900_edei--EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_c20220801__20230430_zzt4KdpzFbpk"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt-sec:stateprovnameen" name="dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">Delaware</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 49%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_908_edei--EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_c20220801__20230430_zeOqjGU7jx92"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" name="dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">22-3415036</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(State
                                            or other jurisdiction of</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>incorporation
    or organization)</b></span></p></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(I.R.S.
                                            Employer</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Identification
    Number)</b></span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_90E_edei--EntityAddressAddressLine1_c20220801__20230430_zqaoV0qdi6Ai"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1">520
    Broad Street</ix:nonNumeric></span>, <span id="xdx_90F_edei--EntityAddressCityOrTown_c20220801__20230430_z7fJxcDQe2Wc"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown">Newark</ix:nonNumeric></span>, <span id="xdx_903_edei--EntityAddressStateOrProvince_c20220801__20230430_z1xeQAb82oGk"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt-sec:stateprovnameen" name="dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince">New Jersey</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_905_edei--EntityAddressPostalZipCode_c20220801__20230430_z2xnJfxPlgC"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" name="dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode">07102</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(Address
    of principal executive offices)</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(Zip
    Code)</b></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_903_edei--CityAreaCode_c20220801__20230430_zC0GA1XlUQX6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" name="dei:CityAreaCode">(973)</ix:nonNumeric></span>
<span id="xdx_907_edei--LocalPhoneNumber_c20220801__20230430_zAo5eKEL7K08"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber">438-1000</ix:nonNumeric></span> </b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(Registrant&#8217;s
telephone number, including area code) </b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 25%"><div style="border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 1pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 49%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title
    of each class</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 2%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 49%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name
    of each exchange on which registered</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_907_edei--Security12bTitle_c20220801__20230430_z4Q8pnqc7t45" title="Title of 12(b) Security"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" name="dei:Security12bTitle">Class
    B common stock, par value $.01 per share</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90A_edei--SecurityExchangeName_c20220801__20230430_zumomHnWZ9M7"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt-sec:exchnameen" name="dei:SecurityExchangeName">New
    York Stock Exchange</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="width: 36%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.25pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 28%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trading
    symbol: <span id="xdx_908_edei--TradingSymbol_c20220801__20230430_zTx7E2JHKJ9l"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" name="dei:TradingSymbol">IDT</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="width: 36%">&#160;</td>
    </tr>
  </table>

<p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2)
has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. <span id="xdx_908_edei--EntityCurrentReportingStatus_c20220801__20230430_zpW0vxjv0r43"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" name="dei:EntityCurrentReportingStatus">Yes</ix:nonNumeric></span>  &#9746; No &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule
405 of Regulation S-T (&#167; 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to submit and post such files). <span id="xdx_904_edei--EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_c20220801__20230430_zwXcm956xMzl"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" name="dei:EntityInteractiveDataCurrent">Yes</ix:nonNumeric></span> &#9746;  No &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company,
or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller
reporting company,&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Large
    <span>accelerated filer</span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 46%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 26%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_901_edei--EntityFilerCategory_c20220801__20230430_zrRmZY6E93A7"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt-sec:entityfilercategoryen" name="dei:EntityFilerCategory">Accelerated
    filer</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 4%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-accelerated
    filer</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller
    reporting company</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90D_edei--EntitySmallBusiness_c20220801__20230430_zgr8gTfIyQfl"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntitySmallBusiness">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging
    growth company</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90B_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20220801__20230430_z9mRY60kQFlj"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.): Yes &#9744; <span id="xdx_90E_edei--EntityShellCompany_c20220801__20230430_zW7dCobg8Co6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityShellCompany">No</ix:nonNumeric></span>
&#9746;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of June 6, 2023, the registrant had the following shares outstanding:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Class A common stock, $.01 par value:</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_900_edei--EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20230606__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_zb48GySYZVik" title="Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2023-06-06_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">1,574,326</ix:nonFraction></span> shares outstanding (excluding 1,698,000 treasury shares)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Class B common stock, $.01 par value:</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90B_edei--EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20230606__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zGyT8iYm5F3j" title="Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2023-06-06_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">23,922,011</ix:nonFraction></span> shares outstanding (excluding 3,921,172 treasury shares)</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">TABLE
OF CONTENTS</span></p>

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    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_001"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">3</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.65in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    1.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_002"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial Statements (Unaudited)</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">3</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_003"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Balance Sheets</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">3</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_004"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Statements of Income</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">4</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_005"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">5</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_006"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Statements of Equity</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">6</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_007"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">8</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_008"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">9</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    2.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_009"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">26</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    3.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_010"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">37</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    4.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_011"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Controls and Procedures</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">37</td></tr>
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    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_012"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>PART II. OTHER INFORMATION </b>&#160;</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">38</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    1.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_013"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal Proceedings</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">38</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    1A.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_014"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk Factors</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">38</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    2.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_015"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">38</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    3.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_016"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Defaults Upon Senior Securities</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">38</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    4.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_017"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mine Safety Disclosures</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">38</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    5.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_018"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other Information</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">38</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    6.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_019"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibits</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">38</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><a href="#cr_020"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SIGNATURES</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">39</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span id="cr_001"></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PART
I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="cr_002"></span>Item
1.</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial
              Statements (Unaudited)</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="cr_003"></span>CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_305_111_pn3n3_zMx8jHbcPaDc" summary="xdx: Statement - Consolidated Balance Sheets" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Note
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands, except per share data)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assets</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrentAbstract_i01B" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Current
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">90,722</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_i02I_pn3n3_maACzEqu_zEVHSRtGjFj4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Restricted
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">94,321</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">91,210</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesCurrent_i02I_pn3n3_maACzEqu_zHeZP08hEoa2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Debt
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">41,987</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">22,303</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_i02I_pn3n3_maACzEqu_zmoxA7QG1EI5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,776</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">17,091</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trade
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ReceivablesNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">64,315</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--DisbursementPrefunding_i02I_pn3n3_maACzEqu_zyaf4xJWhHa6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_i02I_pn3n3_maACzEqu_zuX3bKRoOpWd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AssetsCurrent_i02TI_pn3n3_mtACzEqu_maAzs2g_zecfgZHDZAv3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_i01I_pn3n3_maAzs2g_zDikvkNGmgQi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">36,866</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--Goodwill_i01I_pn3n3_maAzs2g_zoQwgJsw5M5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_i01I_pn3n3_maAzs2g_zB3bmEDQOuH4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_i01I_pn3n3_maAzs2g_zXTCS8ac8ZF4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_i01I_pn3n3_maAzs2g_z3GGq4WmOCr1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_i01I_pn3n3_maAzs2g_zVOcJ1JLyFKa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">36,701</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsNoncurrent_i01I_pn3n3_maAzs2g_zDRStOAwV1O2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--Assets_i01TI_pn3n3_mtAzs2g_zzmA0Akewogf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_iB" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Liabilities,
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_i01B" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrent_i02I_pn3n3_maLCzVpo_zWF4Gn14hrb9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trade
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">29,080</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_i02I_pn3n3_maLCzVpo_zesx7Bobj3N5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued
    expenses</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">109,177</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">117,109</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_i02I_pn3n3_maLCzVpo_znMh3Z7Parp6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
    revenue</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">33,910</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">36,531</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--DepositLiabilityCurrent_i02I_pn3n3_maLCzVpo_zsVfRZtf4sX5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Customer
    deposits</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepositLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">86,111</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepositLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">85,764</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_i02I_pn3n3_maLCzVpo_zL1dhDZuVx2g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
    current liabilities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">42,762</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">36,588</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_i02TI_pn3n3_mtLCzVpo_maLzIod_zVWsIo6ScEvb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 30pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">301,675</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">305,072</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_i01I_pn3n3_maLzIod_zwga32E1Ngib" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingencies_i01I_pn3n3_maLASEzSDf_maLASEzswc_zY9mdR1Lt31h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount_i01I_pn3n3_maLASEzSDf_maLASEzswc_zpzzc6kIf6k7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--EquityAbstract_i01B" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityAbstract_i02B" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--PreferredStockValue_i03I_pn3n3_maSEzHth_zQN7JHDm8L8g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0151">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0152">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--AdditionalPaidInCapital_i03I_pn3n3_maSEzix8_maSEzHth_zoh9QILr3K1l" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:MinorityInterest" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,022</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_i02TI_pn3n3_mtSEIPAzOYO_maLASEzswc_zHQ8ekvyF02e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 30pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">199,003</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">170,637</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_i01TI_pn3n3_mtLASEzswc_zmyN1v4mjm0f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 30pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest, and equity</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">518,226</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">497,094</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="cr_004"></span>CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF INCOME</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Unaudited)</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_30A_113_pn3n3_zNXz0KA9PGG5" summary="xdx: Statement - Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430_z2H9vFaZ90I7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20210801__20220430_z9IkCr8ZkdZ6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
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    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--OperatingCostsAndExpenses_i01_pn3n3_maOEz2XZ_zUQpUjRYok5e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_i01_pn3n3_maOEz2XZ_zkK2ssds9Ds8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_iT_pn3n3_mtOILzGeh_maILFCOzTPp_zt5PHZLtVDAh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--InterestIncomeExpenseNet_pn3n3_maILFCOzTPp_zD4SfFPflGBi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="cr_005"></span>CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Unaudited)</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_30C_113_pn3n3_zUcVwYFlv5Q7" summary="xdx: Statement - Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230201__20230430_zLzyC4mUXPDb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20220201__20220430_ziAcSx9l4koe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20220801__20230430_zcgMNADS0oMd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b>&#160;</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20210801__20220430_z4Qsd9D6s5q4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b>&#160;</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--ProfitLoss_pn3n3_maCINOTz735_zvakOSSzzKHc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
    income</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">7,744</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,106</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">35,608</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">11,017</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract_iB_zjXnLZWBRTJk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
    comprehensive income (loss):</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_pn3n3_maOCILNzorY_zQkG8hsMDBZ2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Change
    in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">115</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">224</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">81</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">547</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_pn3n3_maOCILNzorY_maOCILNzzbR_zbwc0uwvIbf1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Foreign
    currency translation adjustments</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Comprehensive
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  </table>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>



<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><br /></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="cr_006"></span>CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF EQUITY</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Unaudited)</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_30B_114_pn3n3_zaNrT578Lbn" summary="xdx: Statement - Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited)" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BD_us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap--TreasuryStockMember_zCYXwiySywY9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Treasury
    <br />Stock</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B2_us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_zzhfXuQDESHl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accumulated
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BE_us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis_us-gaap--RetainedEarningsMember_zzeWEJPNxOgb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Accumulated
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    <br />Interests</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_zZX9HAHLxmg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    <br />Equity</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="30" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
                                            Months Ended April 30, 2023</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Class
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Class
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Treasury
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43C_c20230201__20230430_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_iS_zrj5xHsWgFs6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 28%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BALANCE
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2023-01-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">33</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2023-01-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">278</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2023-01-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">298,649</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2023-01-31_us-gaap_TreasuryStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">106,906</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">278</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">300,328</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_TreasuryStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">109,410</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">16,685</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,564</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">199,003</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="30" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
                                            Months Ended April 30, 2023</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="22" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
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    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Class
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF EQUITY&#8212;Continued</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Unaudited)</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Months Ended April 30, 2022</span></p>
                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2022-01-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">278,613</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exercise
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exercise
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  <tr id="xdx_43D_c20220201__20220430_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_iE_zoctSShoJI5h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td colspan="30" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">166,160</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2022-04-30_us-gaap_TreasuryStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">88,175</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2022-04-30_us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,523</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">166,160</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 7; Value: 2 -->
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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span id="cr_007"></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Unaudited)</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_303_112_pn3n3_z98HWR6pPo8g" summary="xdx: Statement - Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_i01B" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Adjustments
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_i02_pn3n3_maNCPBUzGrl_zeZmvDvV8027" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits_i02_pn3n3_maNCPBUzGrl_zYLWKW17dJLe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,624</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_i02_pn3n3_maNCPBUzGrl_znJSMQ66ZF95" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Provision
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,578</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesGainLoss_i02N_pn3n3_di_msNCPBUzGrl_zqwamcsxPQqj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_i02_pn3n3_maNCPBUzGrl_zlxgzpNw4kTf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock-based
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,840</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_i02N_pn3n3_di_msNCPBUzGrl_zAcRLySCzR6a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_i02B" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Change
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_i03N_pn3n3_di_msNCPBUzGrl_zbjVfe7hq0b1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trade
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,084</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--DisbursementPrefundingPrepaidExpensesOtherCurrentAssetsAndOtherAssets_i03N_pn3n3_di_msNCPBUzGrl_zIkgjZnhMGq4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_i01T_pn3n3_mtNCPBUzGrl_maCCERCzlpb_zUdT28q89Fn9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_iB" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_i01N_pn3n3_di_msNCPBUzMYs_zRbCjfh0D3Gh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_i01N_pn3n3_di_msNCPBUzMYs_zllyyWi1Qf9f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Purchase
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  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_i01N_pn3n3_di_msNCPBUzMYs_ze2cgSC0iyk6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payments
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">7,546</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities_i01N_pn3n3_di_msNCPBUzMYs_zLXegPzSqlKj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Purchases
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">44,166</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_i01_pn3n3_maNCPBUzMYs_zlJuRCSjWm78" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_i01T_pn3n3_mtNCPBUzMYs_maCCERCzlpb_zW1hyLBtg5za" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleOfInterestInCorporateUnit_i01_pn3n3_maNCPBUzyBK_zYXm0PXqbY0c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_i01_pn3n3_maNCPBUzyBK_z4hPQFPnwJYi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_i01T_pn3n3_mtNCPBUzyBK_maCCERCzlpb_zkqIuVkXPaM5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_iT_pn3n3_mtCCERCzlpb_zl9SB6mrXH12" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract_iB" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock_i01_zqSgKIlX6NW4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--StockIssued1_i01_pn3n3_zhy13pGzgOX5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0894">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionValueOfLiabilitiesAssumed1_i01_pn3n3_zx9KyGg7kr7i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IDT
CORPORATION </b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="cr_008"></span>NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS </b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(Unaudited)</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock"><p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock_zgMv85xtJ2pf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
1&#8212;<span id="xdx_82A_zIAjJFgwBs5">Basis of Presentation</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of IDT Corporation and its subsidiaries (the &#8220;Company&#8221; or &#8220;IDT&#8221;)
have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;)
for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include
all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments
(consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the
three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending
July 31, 2023. The balance sheet at July 31, 2022 has been derived from the Company&#8217;s audited financial statements at that date
but does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information,
please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s fiscal year ends on July 31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending
in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2023 refers to the fiscal year ending July 31, 2023).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock_zI1frg19bmw2" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
2&#8212;<span id="xdx_821_zX04mWke2HTf">Business Segment Information</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of August 1, 2022, the Company revised its reportable business segments primarily to reflect the growth of its financial technology businesses
and their increased contributions to the Company&#8217;s consolidated results. The Company&#8217;s <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--NumberOfReportableSegments_dc_uSegments_c20220801__20230430_ztfCEDrdOQja"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="Segments">four</ix:nonFraction></span> reportable business segments,
Fintech, National Retail Solutions (&#8220;NRS&#8221;), net2phone, and Traditional Communications, reflect management&#8217;s current
approach to analyzing results, its resource allocation strategy, and its assessment of business performance. NRS was previously included
in the Company&#8217;s Fintech segment. In addition, certain lines of business were reclassified to the Fintech segment from the Traditional
Communications segment. Comparative segment information has been reclassified and restated in all periods to conform to the current period
presentation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s reportable segments are distinguished by types of service, customers, and methods used to provide their services. The
operating results of these business segments are regularly reviewed by the Company&#8217;s chief operating decision maker. The accounting
policies of the segments are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. There are no significant asymmetrical allocations
to segments. The Company evaluates the performance of its business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Fintech segment is comprised of BOSS Money, a provider of international money remittance and related value/payment transfer services,
as well as other, significantly smaller, financial services businesses, including Leaf Global Fintech Corporation (&#8220;Leaf&#8221;),
a provider of digital wallet services in emerging markets, a variable interest entity (&#8220;VIE&#8221;) that operates
money transfer businesses (see Note 9), and IDT Financial Services Limited (&#8220;IDT Financial Services&#8221;), the Company&#8217;s
Gibraltar-based bank.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
NRS segment is an operator of a nationwide point of sale (&#8220;POS&#8221;) network providing independent retailers with store management
software, electronic payment processing, and other ancillary merchant services. NRS&#8217; POS
platform provides marketers with digital out-of-home advertising and transaction data.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
net2phone segment is comprised of net2phone&#8217;s cloud communications offerings.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Traditional Communications segment includes IDT Digital Payments (formerly Mobile Top-Up), which enables customers to transfer
airtime and bundles of airtime, messaging, and data to international and domestic mobile accounts, BOSS Revolution Calling, an
international long-distance calling service marketed primarily to immigrant communities in the United States and Canada, and IDT
Global, a wholesale provider of international voice and SMS termination and outsourced traffic management solutions to telecoms
worldwide. Traditional Communications also includes other small businesses and offerings including early-stage business initiatives
and mature businesses in harvest mode.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
costs mainly include compensation, consulting fees, treasury, tax and accounting services, human resources, corporate purchasing, corporate
governance including Board of Directors&#8217; fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate
legal, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any
direct cost of revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 9; Value: 2 -->
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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock"><p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zZNByvodmfAh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
results for the business segments of the Company were as follows:</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B8_zSiKSJkFXLLd" style="display: none">Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments</span></span></p>

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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fintech</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">National
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zVqguH6U34Hc" title="(Loss) income from operations" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">7,073</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table>


</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AD_zcCQh8NkJ9I7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_zbvP7NxVbuRi" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
3&#8212;<span id="xdx_82C_zaBfLQCCxnJh">Revenue Recognition</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company earns revenue from contracts with customers, primarily through the provision of retail telecommunications and payment offerings
as well as wholesale international voice and SMS termination. BOSS Money, NRS, and net2phone are technology-driven, synergistic businesses
that leverage the Company&#8217;s core assets. BOSS Money and NRS&#8217; revenues are primarily recognized at a point in time, and net2phone&#8217;s
revenue is mainly recognized over time. Traditional Communications are mostly minute-based, paid-voice communications services, and revenue
is primarily recognized at a point in time. The Company&#8217;s most significant revenue streams are from IDT Digital Payments, BOSS Revolution
Calling, and IDT Global. IDT Digital Payments and BOSS Revolution Calling are sold direct-to-consumers and through distributors and retailers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Disaggregated
Revenues</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock_z0zm11a26Vfk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table shows the Company&#8217;s revenues disaggregated by business segment and service offered to customers:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span id="xdx_8BE_zz2vmXAoOh9d" style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Schedule
of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers</span></p>

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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20220801__20230430_zJYPusUMJW51" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
30,</b></span></p>

 <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p>

</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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</table>


</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AA_zM5qAhQSEPR8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zvDY2kJvYEVg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
following table shows the Company&#8217;s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_8B6_ze8rYpTlclEh" style="display: none">Schedule
of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"></p>

<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 10; Value: 2 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zrwcI8iLZOvi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Outside
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_zIm8VtSqZQK6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United
    Kingdom</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1116">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1117">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1118">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_country_GB" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">74,567</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_country_GB" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">74,567</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_FintechMember_custom_OthersMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">499</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1123">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_Net2phoneMember_custom_OthersMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">7,823</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_custom_OthersMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">11,459</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_OthersMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">19,781</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_zJ7dx7Tj5vm8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    outside the United States</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zUjOnB91l5Lf" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49B_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zrLC5vnfRln8" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_znOx4FsPbxQk" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49B_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zaD0vzYQrY4e" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_491_20220801__20230430_ztPIVK5BisUe" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Outside
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_z7SEc6pIGMTb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United
    Kingdom</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1152">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1153">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1154">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_country_GB" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">202,355</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_country_GB" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">202,355</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_zesz1iNQdy4b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_FintechMember_custom_OthersMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,004</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1159">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_Net2phoneMember_custom_OthersMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">25,248</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_custom_OthersMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">32,237</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_OthersMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">59,489</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_zUzNPgBumCkh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    outside the United States</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_FintechMember_us-gaap_NonUsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,004</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1165">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_Net2phoneMember_us-gaap_NonUsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">25,248</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_us-gaap_NonUsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">234,592</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_NonUsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">261,844</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z9myr2S8ZlMg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zqVYitGNoNpg" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_496_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zvTsiytlJGG9" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zQBGC0tgixI1" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_495_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_z7GspQs4uo9e" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_493_20210801__20220430_zEkynAbZoLP1" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_zCatZipNSiE2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_z22LhlOg8zEa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1201">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_us-gaap_NonUsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">271,206</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zHS82XRm3s4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">915,372</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">32,075</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,035,494</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AE_zEZfZT9AzLNg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Remaining
Performance Obligations </i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company does not have any significant revenue from performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous reporting periods.
The Company&#8217;s remaining performance obligations at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022 primarily had an original expected duration
of one year or less.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Accounts
Receivable and Contract Balances</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
timing of revenue recognition may differ from the time of billing to the Company&#8217;s customers. Trade accounts receivable in the
Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets represent unconditional rights to consideration. The Company would record a contract asset
when revenue is recognized in advance of its right to bill and receive consideration. The Company has not identified any contract assets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Contract
liabilities arise when the Company receives consideration or bills its customers prior to providing the goods or services promised in
the contract. The Company&#8217;s contract liability balance is primarily payments received for prepaid BOSS Revolution Calling. Contract
liabilities are recognized as revenue when services are provided to the customer. The contract liability balances are presented in the
Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets as &#8220;Deferred revenue&#8221;.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 11; Value: 2 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_z5zxcPirp9A2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents information about the Company&#8217;s contract liability balance:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B4_z7l6MamOfalk" style="display: none">Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities</span></span></p>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
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                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_pn3n3_zSMsr8L3EFb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 36%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenue
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">16,772</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">18,751</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">21,890</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">25,437</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AE_zeUdAv3z22Yi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Deferred
Customer Contract Acquisition and Fulfillment Costs</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes as an asset its incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer that it expects to recover.
The Company&#8217;s incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are sales commissions paid to employees and third
parties on sales to end users. If the amortization period were one year or less for the asset that would be recognized from
deferring these costs, the Company applies the practical expedient whereby the Company charges these costs to expense when incurred.
For net2phone sales, the Company defers these costs and amortizes them over the expected customer relationship period when it is
expected to exceed one year.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s costs to fulfill its contracts do not meet the criteria to be recognized as an asset, therefore these costs are charged
to expense as incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock_zIEC5HV1cxB5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B0_zoVRdBYnDWV" style="display: none">Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,343</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,085</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_z4XsqVhEmD3a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,542</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,469</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCCNzHg2_zm95ZQunI5tj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNet" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">7,885</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNet" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">7,554</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AE_zefi7g6ukqb1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="IDT:AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89A_ecustom--AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock_zbkyX2qOrGb3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
The Company&#8217;s amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs during the periods were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_zF6Iv5OepTz3" style="display: none">Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230201__20230430_zMu88a2HWrod" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220201__20220430_zcdanXXEuUz9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220801__20230430_z3Wi6IbwhUFi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430_zs3iwrZceVv1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                  <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                  <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A0_zZFGse9OgTth" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_z0qapEB5FtOf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
4&#8212;<span id="xdx_820_zBdeZWURY046">Leases</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s leases primarily consist of operating leases for office space. These leases have remaining terms from less than <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20230430__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zqsIPaQsMera" title="Lessee, operating lease, term of contract"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_srt_MinimumMember" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract">one year</ix:nonNumeric></span>
to <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20230430__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z7YWhrsGLICf" title="Lessee, operating lease, term of contract"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_srt_MaximumMember" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract">five years</ix:nonNumeric></span>. net2phone also has operating leases for office equipment. Certain of these leases contain renewal options that may be
exercised and/or options to terminate the lease. The Company has concluded that it is not reasonably certain that it would exercise any
of these options.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
is the lessee under equipment leases that are classified as finance leases. The assets and liabilities related to these finance leases
are not material to the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company leases office and parking space in a building and parking garage located at 520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey that was previously
owned by the Company&#8217;s former subsidiary, Rafael Holdings, Inc. (&#8220;Rafael&#8221;). On August 22, 2022, Rafael sold the building
and parking garage to an unrelated third party. The Company&#8217;s lease in that building continues with the new owner. The Company
leases office space in Israel from Rafael. Howard S. Jonas, the Chairman of the Company (an executive officer position) and the Chairman
of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors, is also the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Executive Chairman of Rafael. <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--GeographicDistributionAxis__custom--NewarkMember_zEDAfuHg0Z77" title="Lessee operating lease, description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_NewarkMember" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription">The Newark
lease expires in April 2025 and the Israel lease expires in July 2025</ix:nonNumeric></span>. In the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company
incurred lease costs of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_c20230201__20230430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zVpgaC9odWw9" title="Incurred lease cost"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost" contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">33,000</ix:nonFraction></span> and $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zHIkP3PY7vz7" title="Incurred lease cost"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, in connection with the Rafael leases, which excludes Newark lease costs
after August 22, 2022. In the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company incurred lease costs of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20220201__20220430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_z4wzUBQvEVy3" title="Incurred lease cost"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zoOTzHDSkP2" title="Incurred lease cost"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.4</ix:nonFraction></span> million,
respectively, in connection with the Rafael leases. Lease costs incurred in connection with the Rafael leases is included in operating
lease cost in the table below.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 12; Value: 2 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:LeaseCostTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_z2WIqx2C4DAf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental
disclosures related to the Company&#8217;s operating leases were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B8_zZvqmdpettJ5" style="display: none">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases</span></span></p>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A1_zADw3LPde7bg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="IDT:ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_899_ecustom--ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_zgUNv5JH7o58" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BD_z7j8Usmjr15e" style="display: none">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                                                                                                           30, </b></span><b>2023</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            31, </b></span><b>2022</b></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted-average
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted-average
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230430_zA3Mwy0POeoh" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">3.6</ix:nonFraction></span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20220731_zFSxFN5T1DO3" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">3.0</ix:nonFraction></span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A3_zULLkFmspaW9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company obtained right-of-use assets of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430_zU32VGOX5u0g" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.7</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430_zJ0dWvuabOBj" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">2.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively,
in exchange for new operating lease liabilities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="IDT:ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_897_ecustom--ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_zcHWQqQAWiZ9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_z3IofdMqMDQh" style="display: none">Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                                                                                                           30, </b></span><b>2023</b></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220731_zt7txQD4yvw1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>July
                                            31, </b></span><b>2022</b></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="5" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
                                            thousands)</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zdz32Xl36cPa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
    lease liabilities included in &#8220;Other current liabilities&#8221;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,811</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,899</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zHxy9pevmZ33" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
    lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,572</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,606</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_pn3n3_mtOLLzDbj_zlEsBapR2tQc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">6,383</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">7,505</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A5_zbC3NDchTMA5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zhUZ9BkPcDMe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Future
minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BC_zGVK43bkSWWj" style="display: none">Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49D_20230430_zljWjOViz739" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Twelve-month
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zxP9u5Htk5Ie" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,001</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zk7Is80hjoj2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2025</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,658</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_z1QcmEgymZ1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2026</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">569</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zHj4b1R2l5n4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2027</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">379</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zD5yjk8L6GG9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2028</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">95</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zHB89s6eFIS3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Thereafter</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1323">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_pn3n3_mtLOLLPzXtU_z3rGCkwI7CY5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    lease payments</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">6,702</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_pn3n3_di_zPoPfZP16Rd7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Less
    imputed interest</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">319</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    operating lease liabilities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">6,383</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A7_zmNhXZEt8Vaf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock_zoMUxb5VuW61" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
5&#8212;<span><span id="xdx_820_z50ipCrJEtI5">Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_zUlFSzhVcN8l" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated
balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_zW2ai2y5w2tb" style="display: none">Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230430_zWnj101aXgZi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                                                                                                           30, 2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220731_znhIvUILejf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>July
                                                                                                                           31, 2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z8OU5fW27DH6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
    and cash equivalents</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">90,722</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">98,352</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z2KwSPAdF9x6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Restricted
    cash and cash equivalents</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">94,321</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">91,210</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCERCzDIV_zyAyWqTW4fS9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">185,043</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">189,562</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A1_z096jsBE98d4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, restricted cash and cash equivalents included $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_zNhU1TPMWq62" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_custom_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">86.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20220731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_zfqOOJVs5Wm2" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_custom_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">86.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, in restricted
cash and cash equivalents for customer deposits held by IDT Financial Services. Certain of the electronic money financial services regulations
in Gibraltar require IDT Financial Services to safeguard cash held for customer deposits, segregate cash held for customer deposits from
any other cash that IDT Financial Services holds and utilize the cash only for the intended payment transaction.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 13; Value: 2 -->
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    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Company
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company treats unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of New York, LLC, which
provide the Company&#8217;s international money transfer services in the United States, as substantially restricted and unavailable for
other purposes. At April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, &#8220;Cash and cash equivalents&#8221; in the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance
sheets included an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zCuMp5woF3w7" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_custom_IDTPaymentServicesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">16.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20220731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zaTBHPIh9Yta" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_custom_IDTPaymentServicesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">17.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services
of New York, LLC, that was unavailable for other purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_zEKf3pT6jEYd" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
6&#8212;<span id="xdx_826_zym4R85WsTc3">Debt Securities</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock"><p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_zm2BCJPy50E" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following is a summary of available-for-sale debt securities:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_zi1WPKbZOmf" style="display: none">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Cost</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    Value</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    30, 2023:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">Certificates
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">$</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zfYRQZ4r5NVg" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" id="Fact001358" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">$</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zMngzJCiMiS8" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" id="Fact001360" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 36%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zGiSC8UgFej5" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">30,560</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z4qakWqbEEQ1" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">85</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z92uhN8OEPld" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">93</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zigujigZ9Ndk" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">30,552</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Government
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_z1C10t6YebS9" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1374">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zNtAvq7J8A34" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">6</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zEeBR91XQ45f" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,852</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zfmPx3x2sS56" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zdaOPh5QoD9i" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">456</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zEmmMSS2yd4k" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,500</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 20pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zO4XHMVSA4c3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">91</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430_zL0iD5wNMOo5" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">556</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zN66MhuYHAIl" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">41,987</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificates
    of deposit<sup id="xdx_F43_z5CGYqKGqdQ5">*</sup></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zdZO2bHz2YG2" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1398">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zfFTw3L8u62l" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" id="Fact001400" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">14</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____z82ooL3T9qjk" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" id="Fact001402" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,986</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">13,848</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1406">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zlsvyvyZYISh" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">114</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">13,734</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,966</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zQ9elQKp2g3g" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">416</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,551</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Municipal
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,035</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1422">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zmbT8JzVe7Ic" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,032</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 20pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">22,849</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731_zfuZdoWVBqZ9" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">547</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">22,303</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td id="xdx_F05_zUQfp1I44ufg" style="text-align: right; width: 15pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F1D_zGzVhgeqZhdc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001435" xml:lang="en-US">Each of the Company&#8217;s certificates of deposit has a CUSIP,
was purchased in the secondary market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.</ix:footnote></span></td></tr>
</table>


</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A0_zgdlWdR5RcL7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proceeds
from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments were $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20230201__20230430_zA4ZJOe5qtc3" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">6.8</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20220201__20220430_zJmTlSPsvdx1" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.7</ix:nonFraction></span> million in the three months
ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430_zkqBl7x3szCh" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">34.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430_z4JICtPm58ja" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">7.8</ix:nonFraction></span> million in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
There were no realized gains or realized losses from sales of debt securities in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022.
The Company uses the specific identification method in computing the realized gains and realized losses on the sales of debt securities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_896_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_zxKMCIV2Pw3b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
contractual maturities of the Company&#8217;s available-for-sale debt securities at April 30, 2023 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_zsEj7ztn5cj3" style="display: none">Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230430_z4eW8WfylMOk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
    Value</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_maAFSSDzAdz_zpy0gZRJCOm2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Within
    one year</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">34,705</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zXI0A3w8EGlc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
    one year through five years</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">6,109</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zB6DoCxywAj6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
    five years through ten years</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,127</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zpsSDCg57gEe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
    ten years</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">46</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iTI_pn3n3_mtAFSSDzAdz_zRlbonFntkMd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">41,987</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A6_zWUEtEhWEeNa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock_zHjRM6YAOkGk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;The
following available-for-sale debt securities were in an unrealized loss position for which other-than-temporary impairments were not
recognized:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_zDElhpiLXxe" style="display: none">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    30, 2023:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify">Certificates of deposit</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zXYREz1VylH5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_za1QbAXXiqP1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">960</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zvhyG3ms1hkf" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">93</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zJXZ1H4LSd8d" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">15,998</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Government
    sponsored enterprises notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zvdIAT7q4ntc" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">6</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zuWVXNPS1Lyl" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,852</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zI5ozKJmhq4k" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">456</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zsMxI2UuVpxb" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,444</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zZLsQH9NUv8b" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">556</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zXN4q8Hgj8h" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">24,254</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    31, 2022:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificates
    of deposit</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">14</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,986</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">114</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">13,734</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">416</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,514</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Municipal
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,412</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">547</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">21,646</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AB_zDealVvUcNh7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14; Value: 2 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->14<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zeZ9SMMh48Mk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following available-for-sale debt securities included in the tables above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months
or longer:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B4_zxisUB1GWxk5" style="display: none">Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Unrealized</b></span></p>
                                               <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Losses</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Fair
                                            Value</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="5" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
                                            thousands)</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    30, 2023:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zrVUtgY1cXCh" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">78</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_ziPqG3zsGqIj" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">880</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zr677wzhfzEd" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">454</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_z18Bh70AoUD1" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,400</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zswjwEh1EF3d" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">532</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zjxjRcpxmUTg" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,280</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    31, 2022:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">72</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">892</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">234</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,731</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_c20220731_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">306</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_c20220731_pn3n3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,623</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A3_znM8QI52Zr57" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, the Company did not intend to sell any of the debt securities included in the table above, and it is
not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell any of these securities before recovery of the unrealized losses,
which may be at maturity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock_zwWx2JGlEK51" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
7&#8212;<span id="xdx_82B_zxqRBpoaOc6b">Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="IDT:ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89C_ecustom--ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock_z20ewXIg2Vh2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
investments consist of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_zFeSZ2Uz7gof" style="display: none">Schedule of Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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                                            30,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>July
                                            31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Zedge,
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zbL02FgSgxxd" title="Current equity investments" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">84</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zEUMTTn5k1r4" title="Current equity investments" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">117</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Zedge,
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zVI2kyJaEbh5" title="Current equity investments" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">84</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_pn3n3" title="Current equity investments" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">117</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zQZ412bh3ifb" title="Current equity investments" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">586</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_pn3n3" title="Current equity investments" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">586</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_zO0bOue7u1d9" title="Current equity investments" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_custom_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,112</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_pn3n3" title="Current equity investments" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_custom_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,089</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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stock set forth in the table above in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on Zedge and Rafael restricted stock held by certain
of the Company&#8217;s employees and the Company&#8217;s payment of taxes on behalf of its employees related thereto. The Company purchased
<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20210731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zqjfhksPFTeg" title="Related party shares purchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">261,894</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Rafael Class B common stock in fiscal 2021. The Company sold <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20221130__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zesyWp6aVHy8" title="Related party shares purchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" contextRef="AsOf2022-11-30_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">11,404</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Rafael Class B common stock in November
2022. Howard S. Jonas is the Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors of Zedge.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15; Value: 2 -->
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    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
July 28, 2022, in connection with Visa Inc.&#8217;s second mandatory release assessment, the Company received <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220728__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zPmIVmTX9Ybl" title="Owned shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-28_custom_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">58</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Visa Series
A Preferred and the conversion adjustment for Visa Series C Preferred was reduced to <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion_iI_pid_c20220728__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zqxTjOnzFTdf" title="Convertible preferred stock, shares issued upon conversion"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-28_custom_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">3.645</ix:nonFraction></span>. In August 2022, the <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zBgHhNxurJve" title="Owned shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" contextRef="AsOf2022-08-31_custom_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">58</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Visa Series
A Preferred were converted into <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_z0WN9uBsfKBh" title="Owned shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" contextRef="AsOf2022-08-31_custom_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_custom_VisaClassACommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">5,800</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Visa Class A common stock, which the Company sold for $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_pn5n6_c20220801__20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_zXC0uB0YWwxc" title="Proceeds from sale of common stock"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities" contextRef="From2022-08-012022-08-31_custom_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_custom_VisaClassACommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock_zqQYqvF2Gqab" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
changes in the carrying value of the Company&#8217;s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company
elected the measurement alternative was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B8_zgky5IJiLaUg" style="display: none">Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>




<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20230201__20230430_zgvy4MqijnTc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220201__20220430_z7fAKIkJUh1i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20210801__20220430_z33C4alGDUM1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
    Months Ended <br />
    April 30,</span><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p>

</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iS_pn3n3_zW9OiKQiVnPd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance,
    beginning of period</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" contextRef="AsOf2023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,494</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" contextRef="AsOf2022-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,539</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,401</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,743</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_pn3n3_zVU3znQ41zO4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Adjustment
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">130</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">106</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">334</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,507</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" contextRef="AsOf2022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,409</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A2_zSGgo7FXU70f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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nine months ended April 30, 2023, respectively, and the Company decreased the carrying value of the shares of Visa Series C Preferred
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_znfBJap9mDC6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrealized
gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value included the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BE_zm0i4fLBbp02" style="display: none">Schedule of Unrealized (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230201__20230430_znmgMvWgBL78" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20220201__20220430_zdPPacxbU2Pk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220430_z0k2lAlXdOy4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
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    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_pn3n3_zFvi8da97Zec" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">2,649</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">20,862</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_pn3n3_zA4nwdYpcrb2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Less:
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1638">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1639">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">18</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">10</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zFE06mxWmb7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrealized
    losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">480</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">3,416</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">2,667</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">20,872</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
unrealized gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230201__20230430_z2GGxsp1lUy4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20220201__20220430_zBqKMpaS6Hs8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430_zb1oG9Ho6io3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20210801__20220430_z64pZfS1BDD2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrealized
    gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_zCyTaR652Jd7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 44%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_zgtlo6XmDNq6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Zedge
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">20,872</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AE_zlSd1jQB5smd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Equity
Method Investment</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
February 2, 2021, the Company paid $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20210130__20210202__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zsPSFLPLGjw9" title="Payments to acquire equity method investments"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2021-01-302021-02-02_custom_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember_custom_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">4.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million to purchase shares of Series B convertible preferred stock of a communications company
(the equity method investee, or &#8220;EMI&#8221;), and on August 10, 2021, the Company paid $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20210809__20210810__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zC5MobHMyCra" title="Payments to acquire equity method investments"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2021-08-092021-08-10_custom_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember_custom_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million to purchase shares of the EMI&#8217;s
Series C convertible preferred stock and additional shares of the EMI&#8217;s Series B convertible preferred stock. The initial shares
purchased represented <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20210202__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zXSt4g9kJzT3" title="Equity method investment, ownership percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" contextRef="AsOf2021-02-02_custom_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember_custom_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">23.95</ix:nonFraction></span>% of the outstanding shares of the EMI on an as converted basis. The subsequent purchases increased the Company&#8217;s
ownership to <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20210810__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zcLV4yNxPp2a" title="Equity method investment, ownership percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" contextRef="AsOf2021-08-10_custom_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember_custom_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">26.57</ix:nonFraction></span>% on an as converted basis.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company accounted for this investment using the equity method since the Series B and Series C convertible preferred stock were in-substance
common stock, and the Company could exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the EMI.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of July 31, 2022, the Company was the holder of secured promissory notes made by the EMI in exchange for loans of an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount_iI_pn5n6_c20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zOZM9y9VYMtf" title="Receivable with imputed interest, face amount"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">2.5</ix:nonFraction></span>
million, which increased to an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount_iI_pn6n6_c20230406__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zcLP8Eo2c4Qb" title="Increase in secured debt including accrued interest"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-06_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="USD">4.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million including accrued interest as of April 6, 2023. The notes provided for interest
on the principal amount at <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate_pid_uPure_c20220731__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zET1ic1cdSx8" title="Receivable with imputed interest, effective yield (Interest rate)"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate" contextRef="From2022-07-312022-07-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">15</ix:nonFraction>%</span> per annum payable monthly. The notes were due and payable in <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates_pp0p0_ddxL_c20220731__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--FebruaryTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember_zJ1X72jVdSgc" title="Receivable with imputed interest, due date::XDX::2023-02-28"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1677">February 2023</span></span> and <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates_pp0p0_ddxL_c20220731__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--AprilTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember_z9x7kujumez6" title="Receivable with imputed interest, due date::XDX::2023-04-30"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1679">April 2023</span></span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
April 6, 2023, in accordance with an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of April 5, 2023, the EMI merged with and into its subsidiary,
with the subsidiary being the surviving corporation. Effective with the merger, the EMI has no common stock outstanding, each share of
the EMI&#8217;s convertible preferred stock was converted into shares of the subsidiary&#8217;s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
(&#8220;EMI Preferred Stock&#8221;), and the principal and accrued interest of the EMI&#8217;s secured promissory notes was converted
into shares of EMI Preferred Stock (the &#8220;Conversions&#8221;). In addition, each of the EMI&#8217;s shareholders agreed to purchase additional shares of EMI Preferred Stock, for which the Company
paid $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20230301__20230430__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_zaauCfLBjyrf" title="Payments to purchase additional shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2023-03-012023-04-30_custom_EMIPreferredStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.2</ix:nonFraction></span>
million in April 2023 and $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20230301__20230531__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_zNURgjXZly49" title="Payments to purchase additional shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2023-03-012023-05-31_custom_EMIPreferredStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.7</ix:nonFraction></span> million in May 2023 to purchase the additional shares. Following the merger, the Conversions, and the
purchases of additional shares of EMI Preferred Stock, the Company&#8217;s ownership increased to <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_uPure_c20230531__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_z0R8hagKlUH1" title="Equity method investment, ownership percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" contextRef="AsOf2023-05-31_custom_EMIPreferredStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">33.3</ix:nonFraction>%</span>
of the EMI&#8217;s outstanding shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company accounts for this investment using the equity method since the Company can exercise significant influence over the operating
and financial policies of the EMI but it does not have a controlling interest.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 16; Value: 2 -->
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    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company determined that on the dates of the acquisitions, there were differences between its investment in the EMI and its proportional
interest in the equity of the EMI of an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_z8Qq1aPwRTi9" title="Equity method investment, aggregate cost"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">8.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million, which represented the share of the EMI&#8217;s customer list on the
dates of the acquisitions attributed to the Company&#8217;s interest in the EMI. <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment_c20230201__20230430_zMMTGc7Sbaj4"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment">These
basis differences are being amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list</ix:nonNumeric></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">.
In the accompanying consolidated statements of income, amortization of equity method basis difference is included in the equity in the
net loss of investee, which is recorded in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221; (see Note 17).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_zt3i8Q2y9hah" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s equity method investment:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B8_z7TAiV2rHIJc" style="display: none">&#160;Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>




<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430_zIgSfXPtUqrf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20210801__20220430_z5aU3avO7Cwg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
30,</b></span></p>

</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2023-01-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">374</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2022-01-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,509</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,001</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,901</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zwKkNQeeyVvj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Purchase
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AA_za5NE535OKO8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span>&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="IDT:EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89E_ecustom--EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock_zJTJ5LrzbDj5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Summarized
financial information of the EMI was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;<span id="xdx_8B9_zLSMYjKuwAP1" style="display: none">Summary of Statements of Operations</span></span></p>

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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Selling,
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingExpenses_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  </table>
<!-- Field: Split-Segment; Name: 001 -->
</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A9_zSLif3w7Gli1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17; Value: 2 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->17<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock"><p id="xdx_809_eus-gaap--FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_z49l52zGmTY4" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
8&#8212;<span id="xdx_82F_zBtev4uLnkYe">Fair Value Measurements</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_zyAyHpt2jJHa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B0_zwRfIU4pWgRk" style="display: none">Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis</span></span></p>

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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Debt
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z0yswixNN2P1" title="Debt securities" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001763" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">30,552</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zyzqv2uUwtO8" title="Debt securities" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">41,987</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zxaAZVg0AH0i" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001771" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,776</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zT3iU6QjmIY8" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,776</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zy0gfH1odbya" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1813">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zmUoo4C2GlU8" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001815" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">5,124</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zpUX6U2syMTj" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">5,124</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Debt
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zcyp5c6YRFA1" title="Debt securities" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001819" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">13,734</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zfmi94mEr0Nd" title="Debt securities" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1823">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zgPt0a40z5i" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1831">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zo1UuGOUJZoe" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001837" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,730</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z0oV34nVxxq" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001839" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,132</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z0mH0y3adAGj" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,862</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zQ2BoiedTDje" title="Total" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001843" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">30,825</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zD79mTU76tKd" title="Total" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001845" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">10,299</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zMvVUGuLX304" title="Total" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001847" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,132</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zDpquRDLD9kh" title="Total" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">42,256</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Acquisition
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z9eT538uY2oe" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1851">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zMLRSmxVT2Oj" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1853">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zdTUvP0b8H97" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001855" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,578</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zawsLNNSbvc6" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,578</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zJ8HFfaKieD3" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1859">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zxW3TREd3JLk" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1861">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zQ7P9tdrovG6" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001863" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,968</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zq5XpgEHVIy4" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,968</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_981_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zkMoMw2MzW5a" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1867">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zSsyIIlViRxf" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1869">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zES8y1pD2HD9" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001871" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">8,546</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zTf76hRymS88" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">8,546</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F05_zOAAjbid9MY3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F14_zm8nvoH9NXjj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001874" xml:lang="en-US">&#8211; quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities</ix:footnote></span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F06_zTI6Dnnk2TF" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F1E_z3TCk17oye55" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001875" xml:lang="en-US">&#8211; observable
inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities</ix:footnote></span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F03_z7gmI8tqqlVh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F19_zzXBeoT4sL7c" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001876" xml:lang="en-US">&#8211; no observable
pricing inputs in the market</ix:footnote></span></td>
</tr></table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A1_zOLn25dDsvWg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, the Company had $<span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--InvestmentInHedgeFunds_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_zFSLah5hBAF7" title="Investment in hedge funds"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:InvestmentInHedgeFunds" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">3.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--InvestmentInHedgeFunds_iI_pn5n6_c20220731_zPO8EStJbBx2" title="Investment in hedge funds"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:InvestmentInHedgeFunds" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">3.2</ix:nonFraction> </span>million, respectively, in investments in hedge funds, which were
included in noncurrent &#8220;Equity investments&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company&#8217;s investments
in hedge funds were accounted for using the equity method, therefore they were not measured at fair value.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock"><p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zB5TnQAaNU9j" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B0_zUoWATVKiJZa" style="display: none">Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230201__20230430_zZxq6Wx2KaZa" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220201__20220430_zKz7LZcPiAC7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20220801__20230430_zqv0odRBigWk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220430_zwtj9yTh9ZTl" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                  <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                  <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AC_z9Osv7P7pdPb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zWA1iPKyT4bj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BC_z3jGqQPldNP2" style="display: none">Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230201__20230430_zOEDBIJOFTSa" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20220201__20220430_zyk1BLJofAQg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20220801__20230430_zlTz7AiI5xml" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20210801__20220430_z5DznJHn4gLf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iS_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance,
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">8,546</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationLiabilityTransfersIntoLevel3_pn3n3_zsIoWWYINMgj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Transfer
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1911">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationLiabilityTransfersIntoLevel3" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">7,849</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1913">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationLiabilityTransfersIntoLevel3" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">7,849</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements_iN_pn3n3_di_z4e96jDiJZ6e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payments</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements" contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,800</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1917">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,175</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings_pn3n3_zFIun3GbJQE" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AB_zHDtTmgmvONj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company paid an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430_zSI7lLkSXUIg" title="Contingent consideration payment"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">2.2</ix:nonFraction></span>
million in contingent consideration related to prior acquisitions. In addition, in the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company
determined that the requirements for a portion of the contingent consideration payments related to the acquisition of Leaf would not
be met, and, in the nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company determined that the requirements for a contingent consideration
payment related to an acquisition in December 2019 would not be met before the expiration date. The Company recorded gains of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn5n6_di_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zqMOC7HUJf28" title="Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1.6</ix:nonFraction></span>
million and $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn5n6_di_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zkvL3Hnfn9K1" title="Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" sign="-" unitRef="USD">0.3</ix:nonFraction></span>
million in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, on the write-off of these contingent consideration payment obligations, which were included in &#8220;Other
operating expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Also, in the three and nine months ended April
30, 2023, the Company increased the estimated fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration by $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment_pn5n6_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_z3Sz1tYmZ19h" title="Estimated fair value of contingent consideration"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment" contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million, which was included in &#8220;Other operating expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements
of income.
There were no other changes in the estimated fair value of contingent consideration in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and
2022.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Fair
Value of Other Financial Instruments</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
The estimated fair value of the Company&#8217;s other financial instruments was determined using available market information or other
appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting these data to develop estimates of fair
value. Consequently, the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current
market exchange.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
<i>Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, other current assets, customer deposits, and other current liabilities.
</i>At April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value because of the short
period of time to maturity. The fair value estimates for cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents were classified
as Level 1 and other current assets, customer deposits, and other current liabilities were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
<i>Other assets and other liabilities. </i>At April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated
fair value. The fair values were estimated based on the Company&#8217;s assumptions, which were classified as Level 3 of the fair value
hierarchy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--VariableInterestEntityDisclosureTextBlock_zmXHETjCQK5b" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
9&#8212;<span id="xdx_822_zIpXNR73L4W7">Variable Interest Entity</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE that operates money transfer businesses. The Company determined that, effective May 31, 2021,
it had the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance, and the Company has the
obligation to absorb losses of and the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to it. As a result,
the Company consolidates the VIE. The Company does not currently own any interest in the VIE and thus the net income incurred by the
VIE was attributed to noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="srt:ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_896_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_zdoNQZ4KMENb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s net income and aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B5_zAN0iCabUHwk" style="display: none">Schedule
of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Provided by (Repaid to) the Company by VIE</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>




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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430_z3OrZ7dGTC1c" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
30,</b></span></p>

</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span><b><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></span></b></p>
                                                               <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="12" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 44%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">87</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">95</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A1_z2uc3hpaBzXd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="srt:ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89E_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_zWM3SIrnyuG1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s summarized consolidated balance sheet amounts are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BB_z5mHEiibUQi8" style="display: none">VIE&#8217;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet</span></span></p>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DueFromRelatedPartiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Due
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DueFromRelatedPartiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">86</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">467</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Assets_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Liabilities
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trade
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1997">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1998">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">20</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--DueToRelatedPartiesNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">9,172</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A4_zwFWcf20AkW8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s assets may only be used to settle the VIE&#8217;s obligations and may not be used for other consolidated entities. The VIE&#8217;s
liabilities are non-recourse to the general credit of the Company&#8217;s other consolidated entities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 19; Value: 2 -->
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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock"><p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock_zU2S1jmbb16c" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
10&#8212;<span id="xdx_825_za8pao9dbwPb">Other Operating Expense, Net</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="IDT:ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpenseNetTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_892_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpenseNetTableTextBlock_zjAzidNR6Pj7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
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                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AD_z8d6WWfZALp4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Straight
Path Communications Inc. Class Action</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
discussed in Note 16, the Company (as well as other defendants) has been named in a pending class action on behalf of the stockholders
of the Company&#8217;s former subsidiary, Straight Path Communications Inc. (&#8220;Straight Path&#8221;). The Company incurred legal
fees and recorded offsetting gains from insurance claims related to this action in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 and
2022.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Contingent Consideration Liabilities</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company determined that the requirements for a portion of the contingent consideration payments
related to the Leaf acquisition would not be met. In addition, in the nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company determined that the
requirements for a contingent consideration payment related to an acquisition in December 2019 would not be met before the expiration
date. The Company recognized gains on the write-off of these contingent consideration payment obligations in the Fintech and net2phone
segments, respectively. Also, in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company increased the estimated fair value of acquisition-related
contingent consideration in its Traditional Communications segment by $<span id="xdx_906_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_pn5n6_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_zWbfz3fgQgkb" title="Estimated fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration liability"><span id="xdx_907_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_zVP2JnCFwUo7" title="Estimated fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration liability"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability" contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.2</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Government
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, Leaf received payments from
government grants for the development and commercialization of blockchain-backed financial technologies.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Indemnification
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Beginning
in June 2019, as part of a commercial resolution, the Company indemnified a cable telephony customer related to patent infringement claims
brought against the customer. On May 8, 2023, the Company and the customer agreed to release the Company from the indemnification agreement in
exchange for $<span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_pn5n6_c20230507__20230508__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--IndemnificationAgreementMember_zn6YYL0h8EI3" title="Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" contextRef="From2023-05-072023-05-08_custom_IndemnificationAgreementMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">3.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million, of which $<span id="xdx_904_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid_pn5n6_c20230509__20230510__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--IndemnificationAgreementMember_zjaJf29cKRRf" title="Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim, paid"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid" contextRef="From2023-05-092023-05-10_custom_IndemnificationAgreementMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million was paid on May 10, 2023 and the remainder will be paid in five monthly invoice deductions
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 20; Value: 2 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--DebtDisclosureTextBlock_zs7w4eVNRjV7" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
11&#8212;<span id="xdx_82F_zofRvruZN0E7">Revolving Credit Facility</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc. (&#8220;IDT Telecom&#8221;), entered into a credit agreement, dated as of May 17, 2021,
with TD Bank, N.A. for a revolving credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_pn5n6" title="Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" contextRef="AsOf2021-05-17_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">25.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds
to finance working capital requirements and for certain closing costs of the facility. At April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, there were
<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_pn5n6_do_c20230430__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zruPtP5zRvHa" title="Revolving credit amount outstanding"><span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_pn5n6_do_c20220731__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zgBey5kWMRl9" title="Revolving credit amount outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LineOfCredit" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LineOfCredit" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">no</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> amounts outstanding under this facility. In the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate
of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zjnS8DsC7Hv8" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zeMsumjcIkg8" title="Repayments of lines of credit"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_IDTTelecomMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_IDTTelecomMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">2.4</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> million and $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zW0jT5KqaJd7" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zjMEvgjAycFk" title="Repayments of lines of credit"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_IDTTelecomMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_IDTTelecomMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">2.6</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> million, respectively, under the facility. <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityDescription_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zViUnysEwZUi" title="Credit facility, description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityDescription">The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT
Telecom&#8217;s assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum at the Intercontinental Exchange Benchmark Administration
Ltd. LIBOR multiplied by the Regulation D maximum reserve requirement plus 125 to 175 basis points, depending upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s
leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter. Interest is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued
and unpaid interest is due on May 16, 2024. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee on the average daily balance of the unused
portion of the $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity_iI_pn5n6_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zRQV00QaJkCk" title="Revolving credit, unused portion amount"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity" contextRef="AsOf2021-05-17_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">25.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million commitment of 30 to 85 basis points, depending upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the
most recent fiscal quarter.</ix:nonNumeric></span> IDT Telecom is required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain
targets based on financial ratios during the term of the revolving credit facility. As of April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, IDT Telecom
was in compliance with all of the covenants.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_801_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_zH5b1dCh9fGb" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
12&#8212;<span id="xdx_824_zmkBP212Xs91">Equity</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Stock
Issued to Certain Executive Officers for Bonus Payments</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023, certain executive officers of the Company received performance bonuses for fiscal 2022 of an
aggregate of $<span id="xdx_907_ecustom--PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember_zzZxCqeVLLR5" title="Performance bonus paid in cash stock">
<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.2</ix:nonFraction> </span>million, of which one-half was paid in cash and one-half was paid in shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock.
The Company issued <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20220801__20230430__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z7mOxuHeLLd" title="Issuance of shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">24,543</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares of its Class B common stock with an issue date value of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zmdpWNbnyPR7" title="Issuance of shares, value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.6</ix:nonFraction></span>
million for the bonus payments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><i>2022</i> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Deferred
Stock Units Equity Incentive Program</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zYmbPuE5FpL7" title="Deferred stock units, description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription">On
November 30, 2022, the Company adopted an equity incentive program (under its 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan) in the form of
grants of deferred stock units (&#8220;DSUs&#8221;) that, upon vesting, will entitle the grantees to receive shares of the
Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. In the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company granted an aggregate of <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z57z6fYXVk15" title="Number of deferred stock units granted"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">193,225</ix:nonFraction></span>
DSUs to certain of its executive officers and other employees. The number of shares that will be issuable on each vesting date will
vary between 50% to 200% of the number of DSUs that vest on that vesting date, depending on the market price for the underlying
Class B common stock on the vesting date relative to the base price approved by the Compensation Committee of the Company&#8217;s
Board of Directors of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_pid_c20221130__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BoardOfDirectorsMember_zAb2CGLgdMnk" title="Share price"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SharePrice" contextRef="AsOf2022-11-30_custom_BoardOfDirectorsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">25.45</ix:nonFraction></span>
per share (which was based on the market price at the time of the initial grants under this program). On May 17, 2023, the first vesting date under the
program, in accordance with the program and based on certain elections made by grantees, the Company issued <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20230517__20230517__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zH7CAxcs1gGa" title="Number of shares issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" contextRef="From2023-05-172023-05-17_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">41,945</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares of its Class B common stock for vested DSUs. Based on those elections, vesting for <span id="xdx_907_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingDeferredInPeriod_iI_pid_c20230517__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--AwardDateAxis__custom--FebruaryTwentyOneTwoThousandAndTwentyFourMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zuSnXdOoSuZ" title="Number of shares vested"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingDeferredInPeriod" contextRef="AsOf2023-05-17_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember_custom_FebruaryTwentyOneTwoThousandAndTwentyFourMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">30,909</ix:nonFraction></span>
DSUs was delayed until February 21, 2024. Subject to continued full time employment or other service to the Company, the remaining
DSUs are scheduled to vest on February 21, 2024 and February 25, 2025. The grantees will have the right to elect a later vesting date
no later than January 19, 2024 for the February 21, 2024 vesting date. A grantee will have the option to elect a later vesting date
for one-half or all of the shares scheduled to vest on February 21, 2024 and any DSUs that do not vest based on the grantee&#8217;s
election, will be eligible to vest on February 25, 2025. The Company estimated that the fair value of the DSUs on the date of grants
was an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_903_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zlCgfAddUDF" title="Estimated fair value of DSUs on date of grant"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">5.2</ix:nonFraction></span>
million, which is being recognized on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service periods ending in February 2025. The Company
used a risk neutral Monte Carlo simulation method in its valuation of the DSUs, which simulated the range of possible future values
of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock over the life of the DSUs.</ix:nonNumeric></span> The weighted average grant date fair value per DSU was
$<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z3SY8rgSTs4a" title="Weighted average grant date fair value per DSU"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">27.20</ix:nonFraction></span>.
At April 30, 2023, there was $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_ziXxTbjimCQd" title="Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested DSUs"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">2.9</ix:nonFraction></span>
million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested DSUs.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><i>2019 Deferred Stock Units Equity Incentive Program</i>&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company had a prior equity incentive program in the form of DSUs that, upon vesting, entitled the grantees to receive shares of the Company&#8217;s
Class B common stock. On January 5, 2022, the third and final vesting date under the program, the Company issued <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_c20220104__20220105__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zlRI7ZcfHiH9" title="Number of shares issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" contextRef="From2022-01-042022-01-05_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">301,296</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of its
Class B common stock in respect of DSUs that vested on that date.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> Stock Option and Incentive Plan&#8212;Other</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 14, 2022, the Company&#8217;s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company&#8217;s 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan
to increase the number of shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock available for the grant of awards thereunder by an additional
<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_pid_c20221213__20221214__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zpjijZxQt8ag" title="Stock additionally authorized"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" contextRef="From2022-12-132022-12-14_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">50,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company received cash from the exercise of stock options of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zFzzwitlmhTa" title="Proceeds from exercise of stock options"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.2</ix:nonFraction></span>
million, for which the Company issued <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zQHnS4Y2geIg" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">12,500</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares of its Class B common stock. In the nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company received cash from the exercise of stock
options of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zVjdsZKJjzyc" title="Proceeds from exercise of stock options"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.1</ix:nonFraction></span>
million, for which the Company issued <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zrn6AWHpJL88" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">10,000</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares of its Class B common stock. In addition, in April 2022, Howard S. Jonas exercised stock options for <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20220401__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zRWzCoKvyapb" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2022-04-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">1.0</ix:nonFraction> </span>million
shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock that were granted on May 2, 2017. The exercise price of these options was $<span id="xdx_906_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice_pid_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zCGHkM8f8sN3" title="Exercise price of stock options"><span id="xdx_905_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice_pid_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zHMtMPlFlUb9" title="Exercise price of stock options"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">14.93</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span>
per share and the expiration date was <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_pid_dd_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zIaoWitnAVIl" title="Stock option expiration date"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_pid_dd_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_z4LeHjPui4Zc" title="Stock option expiration date"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate">May
1, 2022</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric></span></span>. Mr. Jonas used <span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20220401__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zwqsa1AORfYd" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2022-04-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">528,635</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock with a value of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20220401__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zMSlRWDa8twh" title="Number of exercised of stock options, value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2022-04-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">14.9</ix:nonFraction></span>
million to pay the aggregate exercise price of the options. Mr. Jonas tendered <span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding_pid_c20220401__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zQCBpmWtZjki" title="Number of shares issued"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding" contextRef="From2022-04-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">137,364</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock with a value of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220401__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zB5igawx1TJj" title="Number of shares issued, value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" contextRef="From2022-04-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">3.9</ix:nonFraction></span>
million to satisfy a portion of his tax obligations in connection with his stock option exercises.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company granted <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20220801__20230430__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeeMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_z3gzZotFf8yb" title="Stock granted"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_EmployeeMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">15,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of its Class B common stock to an employee. The Company recorded
stock-based compensation expense and an increase in &#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeeMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zsEgtk3DOUVe" title="Share based compensation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_EmployeeMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.4</ix:nonFraction></span> million for this grant, which was
the fair value of the shares on the grant date. In addition, in the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">granted
<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember_zJKgB84Mdfs5" title="Number of restricted shares granted"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">16,000</ix:nonFraction></span> restricted shares of its Class B common stock to an executive officer. The Company estimated that the grant date fair value of
the shares was $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember_zuQs8XuGPNO7" title="Share based compensation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million, which is being recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining vesting period that ends in <span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember_zMos7Z8BunP3" title="Vesting period"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" name="IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod">February
2025</ix:nonNumeric></span>.</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Stock
Repurchases</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has an existing stock repurchase program authorized by its Board of Directors for the repurchase of shares of the Company&#8217;s
Class B common stock. The Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zWzxTuiA1tK4" title="Aggregate repurchased shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="Shares">8.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million shares in the aggregate. In the nine months
ended April 30, 2023, the Company repurchased <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_z5tLizhrqnEf" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">280,130</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of its Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zHg1z5BgXcjb" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">7.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million.
There were no repurchases under the program in the nine months ended April 30, 2022. At April 30, 2023, <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_zBek4YP63Sh8" title="Shares remained available for repurchase under stock repurchase program"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="Shares">4.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million shares remained available
for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company paid $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_z0C2AafzMSrb" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zD2Na5cjqCBc" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">9.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, to repurchase <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_ztOvouD6Rr11" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">13,547</ix:nonFraction></span> and
<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_pid_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zzBO6dGKOU2b" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">200,438</ix:nonFraction></span> shares, respectively, of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock that were tendered by employees of the Company to satisfy the
employees&#8217; tax withholding obligations in connection with shares issued for bonus payments, the vesting of DSUs, and lapsing of
restrictions on restricted stock. Such shares were repurchased by the Company based on their fair market value as of the close of business
on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_801_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock_zJXwsWInBRXg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
13&#8212;<span id="xdx_82E_zlrbk3a2fV2g">Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 29, 2021, NRS sold shares of its Class B common stock representing <span id="xdx_905_ecustom--SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_pid_dp_uPure_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zCn335pJdkyi" title="Capital stock outstanding percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction" contextRef="From2021-09-282021-09-29_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">2.5</ix:nonFraction></span>% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted
basis to Alta Fox Opportunities Fund LP (&#8220;Alta Fox&#8221;) for cash of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_pn6n6_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zaNOYwdsrk74" title="Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction" contextRef="From2021-09-282021-09-29_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="USD">10</ix:nonFraction></span> million. Alta Fox has the right to request that NRS
redeem all or any portion of the NRS common shares that it purchased at the per share purchase price during a period of 182 days following
the fifth anniversary of this transaction. The redemption right shall terminate upon the consummation of (i) a sale of NRS or its assets
for cash or securities that are listed on a national securities exchange, (ii) a public offering of NRS&#8217; securities, or (iii) a
distribution of NRS&#8217; capital stock following which NRS&#8217; common shares are listed on a national securities exchange.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock sold to Alta Fox have been classified as mezzanine equity in the accompanying consolidated
balance sheets because they may be redeemed at the option of Alta Fox, although the shares are not mandatorily redeemable. The carrying
amount of the shares includes the noncontrolling interest in the net income of NRS. The net income attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s
noncontrolling interest during the periods were as follows:</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock_z8cn7RqS1vC7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_zg1oUscNVUx" style="display: none">Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#8217;s Noncontrolling Interest</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zGgs68HmloF8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b>&#160;</span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b>&#160;</span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest_pn3n3_zOXCoH1TC63f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 44%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
    income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s noncontrolling interest</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">60</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">36</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">258</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">99</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A8_zochMoeQHhmh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareTextBlock_zjezTx66Qpo9" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
14&#8212; <span id="xdx_82D_zEDbCzas6mo7">Earnings Per Share</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted
average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed
in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject
to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect
of such increase is anti-dilutive.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_zoYFxBltRNK" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#8217;s
common stockholders consists of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B8_zeGvJ76SCEu3" style="display: none">Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230201__20230430_zxETewk6LHyh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220201__20220430_zuKJcxlTeu4g" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220801__20230430_zqHRsZTYnVZj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220430_zRUYvDa4CYpe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">25,589</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">26,455</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A4_zGFwxayfb5lg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
were <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20230201__20230430_zHG1DgMBQOU4" title="Anti-dilutive earnings per share"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20220801__20230430_zg9K7YHIlg1" title="Anti-dilutive earnings per share"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20220201__20220430_zGKD0Evepb59" title="Anti-dilutive earnings per share"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20210801__20220430_z7KLIqHi0YHi" title="Anti-dilutive earnings per share"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">no</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span></span></span>
shares or options excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 and
2022.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 22; Value: 2 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->22<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock_z5OVGfEfU2Bg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
15&#8212;<span id="xdx_820_zP9rTs2mq0v9">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_zuNLOlLWQ1k6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BD_zX8CQU4Wt2Ni" style="display: none">Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Loss</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Foreign
                                            Currency Translation</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Accumulated
                                            Other Comprehensive Loss</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance,
    July 31, 2022</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zIyQK66SbDdb" title="Beginning balance" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">546</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zH0xw3iIoRie" title="Beginning balance" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">10,759</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zEVaXmHAuVJk" title="Beginning balance" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">11,305</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
    comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zIAM8r1ZDXFk" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">81</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zYFXdI2FE0w" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">3,251</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zlnWOFKF1Rjc" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">3,170</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance, April 30,
    2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zhUstnR38OJ9" title="Ending balance" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">465</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zIiwTg9RVu4d" title="Ending balance" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">14,010</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A0_zeNWnpCsDV5b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_zKs1GcK5r0Qk" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
16&#8212;<span id="xdx_821_zYaF5bykKT5a">Commitments and Contingencies</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><i>COVID-19</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
May 2023, the World Health Organization declared an end to COVID-19 as a public health emergency. As of the date of this Quarterly Report,
the Company continues to monitor the situation. The Company cannot predict with certainty the potential impact of COVID-19 if it re-invigorates
on the Company&#8217;s results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Legal
Proceedings</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i>&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
July 5, 2017, plaintiff JDS1, LLC, on behalf of itself and all other similarly situated stockholders of Straight Path, and
derivatively on behalf of Straight Path as nominal defendant, filed a putative class action and derivative complaint in the Court of
Chancery of the State of Delaware against the Company, The Patrick Henry Trust (a trust formed by Howard S. Jonas that held record
and beneficial ownership of certain shares of Straight Path he formerly held), Howard S. Jonas, and each of Straight Path&#8217;s
directors. The complaint alleges that the Company aided and abetted Straight Path Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Davidi Jonas, and Howard S. Jonas in his capacity as controlling stockholder of Straight Path, in breaching their fiduciary duties
to Straight Path in connection with the settlement of claims between Straight Path and the Company related to potential
indemnification claims concerning Straight Path&#8217;s obligations under the Consent Decree it entered into with the Federal
Communications Commission (&#8220;FCC&#8221;), as well as the sale of Straight Path&#8217;s subsidiary Straight Path IP Group, Inc.
to the Company in connection with that settlement. That action was consolidated with a similar action that was initiated by The
Arbitrage Fund. The Plaintiffs are seeking, among other things, (i) a declaration that the action may be maintained as a class
action or in the alternative, that demand on the Straight Path Board is excused; (ii) that the term sheet is invalid; (iii) awarding
damages for the unfair price stockholders received in the merger between Straight Path and Verizon Communications Inc. for their
shares of Straight Path&#8217;s Class B common stock; and (iv) ordering Howard S. Jonas, Davidi Jonas, and the Company to disgorge
any profits for the benefit of the class Plaintiffs. On August 28, 2017, the Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. On September 24,
2017, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint, which was ultimately denied, and which denial was affirmed by the
Delaware Supreme Court. On February 17, 2022, the court denied the Company&#8217;s motion for summary judgment. On March 10, 2022,
JDS1, LLC withdrew its application to serve as class representative and lead plaintiff. On May 16, 2022, the court denied The
Arbitrage Fund&#8217;s motion to serve as class representative and lead plaintiff, and approved intervenor Ardell Howard&#8217;s
motion to serve as class representative. The trial commenced on August 29, 2022 for a period of five days, followed by another
five-day period in December 2022. The court held closing arguments on May 3, 2023. The Company is vigorously defending this matter
(see Note 10). At this stage, the Company is unable to estimate its potential liability, if any.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to the foregoing, the Company is subject to other legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and
have not been finally adjudicated. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, the Company believes that none of the other legal
proceedings to which the Company is a party will have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s results of operations, cash flows
or financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Sales
Tax Contingency</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require
a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in
the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that the Company has
liability for periods for which it has not collected sales, use or other similar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful
it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#8217;s business, financial position, and operating results. One or more jurisdictions
may change their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to the Company&#8217;s operations, and if such changes
were made it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#8217;s business, financial position, and operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Regulatory
Fees Audit</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
The Company&#8217;s 2017 FCC Form 499-A, which reports its calendar year 2016 revenue, was audited by the Universal Service Administrative
Company (&#8220;USAC&#8221;). The Internal Audit Division of USAC issued preliminary audit findings and the Company, in accordance with
USAC&#8217;s audit procedures, appealed certain of the findings. USAC issued a final decision, and the final decision overturned one
of the initial findings but left the remaining initial findings in place. The reversal will result in the elimination of a $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--UniversalServiceFundMember_zvpxW6rXb6Ff" title="Loss contingency, estimate of possible loss"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_custom_UniversalServiceFundMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.8</ix:nonFraction></span> million
charge by the Universal Service Fund. The final decision upheld the imposition of a $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_iI_pn5n6_c20210731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_zX56YPvrJgVl" title="Accrued liabilities"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss" contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31_custom_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">2.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million charge to the Federal Telecommunications
Fund. The Company intends to appeal the USAC&#8217;s final decision to the FCC and does not intend to remit payment for the Federal Telecommunications
Fund fees unless and until a negative decision on its appeal has been issued. In response to the aforementioned preliminary audit findings,
the Company made certain changes to its filing policies and procedures for years that remain potentially under audit. At April 30, 2023
and July 31, 2022, the Company&#8217;s accrued expenses included $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_zGWs1RXxBZLg" title="Accrued liabilities"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">29.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20220731_zup79PT43puf" title="Accrued liabilities"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">33.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, for FCC-related regulatory
fees for the year covered by the audit, as well as prior and subsequent years.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Purchase
Commitments</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
April 30, 2023, the Company had purchase commitments of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PurchaseObligation_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_z01rd7M7fdcb" title="Purchase obligation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PurchaseObligation" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">7.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million primarily for equipment and services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Performance
Bonds</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has performance bonds issued through third parties for the benefit of various states in order to comply with the states&#8217;
financial requirements for money remittance licenses and telecommunications resellers. At April 30, 2023, the Company had aggregate performance
bonds of $<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--PerformanceBondsOutstanding_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_zdbdTZN8h7cd" title="Performance bonds outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:PerformanceBondsOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">25.8</ix:nonFraction></span> million outstanding.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock_zsWCVBErSKc7" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
17&#8212;<span id="xdx_821_zDXHVIqTd2Zk">Other Expense, Net</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock_zuFuZ7wApdWa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
expense, net consists of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_zkTrsRQlC8ve" style="display: none">Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 85%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20220801__20230430_zzln4ZZDwzBj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20210801__20220430_zOrcd9rIvxw4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                             <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p>

 <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p>

</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
    thousands)</b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zzc09iAuB1Zf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Foreign
    currency transaction gains (losses)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized" contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">893</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">857</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,344</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">259</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zDYf64v52ejd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Equity
    in net loss of investee</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">768</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">765</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">2,143</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">2,208</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zBYhWT5lXZAj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Losses
    on investments, net</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">480</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">3,416</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">2,649</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">20,862</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--OtherIncome_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zFM0MX5QhK4b" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherIncome" contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">27</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherIncome" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">30</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherIncome" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">162</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherIncome" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">905</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_iT_pn3n3_mtNIEzeRA_zWNp9xmLa8zb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    other expense, net</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense" contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">382</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">5,068</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A2_zNLKN0doTJSj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 24; Value: 2 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_z96xR5N8zg03" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Note
18&#8212;<span id="xdx_820_zH4SLMYVrMH8">Income Taxes</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
April 30, 2023, the Company&#8217;s best estimate of the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for fiscal 2023 was <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_pid_dp_uPure_c20220801__20230430_zXnTw4Xwmhl2"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">28.7</ix:nonFraction></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%
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amount of taxable income earned in the various taxing jurisdictions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanTextBlock"><p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--DefinedContributionPlanTextBlock_zvGT7WnaGOx7" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
19&#8212;<span id="xdx_82C_zstPKJyozwTi">Defined Contribution Plan</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company maintains a 401(k) Plan available to all employees meeting certain eligibility criteria. The plan permits participants to contribute
up to the maximum amount allowed by law. The plan provides for discretionary matching contributions that vest over the first five years
of employment. The plan permits the discretionary matching contributions to be granted as of December 31 of each year. All contributions
made by participants vest immediately into the participant&#8217;s account. In April 2023, the Company contributed cash of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--DefinedContributionPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_pn5n6_c20230401__20230430__us-gaap--RetirementPlanNameAxis__custom--FourHundreadAndOnekPlanMember_zDmVcKaD49Nl"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount" contextRef="From2023-04-012023-04-30_custom_FourHundreadAndOnekPlanMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30" escape="true" name="us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsAndChangesInAccountingPrinciplesTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80B_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsAndChangesInAccountingPrinciplesTextBlock_zBrRPyg0WZX4" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note 20&#8212;<span id="xdx_821_zM1DqVfGIEAa">Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet
Adopted</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;), issued Accounting Standards Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) No.
2022-03, <i>Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)</i>, <i>Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,
</i>that clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of
the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The ASU also requires specific disclosures related to
equity securities that are subject to contractual sales restrictions. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU prospectively
on August 1, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, <i>Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326)</i>, <i>Measurement of Credit Losses
on Financial Instruments,</i> that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For receivables,
loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking current expected credit loss model that generally
will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities
will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances instead of reductions
in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more information about allowances,
credit quality indicators, and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained
earnings. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2023. The Company does not expect the new standard to have a material
impact on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_810_zDi204n9RlR2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><span id="cr_009"></span>Item
  2.</b></span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Management&#8217;s
  Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations </b></span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following information should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the associated notes
thereto of this Quarterly Report, and the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and our Management&#8217;s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year
ended July 31, 2022, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (or SEC).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
used below, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms &#8220;the Company,&#8221; &#8220;IDT,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us,&#8221;
and &#8220;our&#8221; refer to IDT Corporation, a Delaware corporation, its predecessor, International Discount Telecommunications, Corp.,
a New York corporation, and their subsidiaries, collectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Forward-Looking
Statements</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and
Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including statements that contain the words &#8220;believes,&#8221; &#8220;anticipates,&#8221;
&#8220;expects,&#8221; &#8220;plans,&#8221; &#8220;intends,&#8221; and similar words and phrases. These forward-looking statements are
subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results projected in any forward-looking
statement. In addition to the factors specifically noted in the forward-looking statements, other important factors, risks, and uncertainties
that could result in those differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under Item 1A to Part I &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221;
in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022. The forward-looking statements are made as of the date of
this report and we assume no obligation to update the forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ
from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Investors should consult all of the information set forth in this report and
the other information set forth from time to time in our reports filed with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Recently
Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2022-03, <i>Fair Value
Measurement (Topic 820)</i>, <i>Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,</i> that clarifies
that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security
and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The ASU also requires specific disclosures related to equity securities that
are subject to contractual sales restrictions. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU prospectively on August 1, 2024. We are evaluating
the impact that this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, <i>Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326)</i>, <i>Measurement of Credit Losses
on Financial Instruments,</i> that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For receivables,
loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking current expected credit loss model that generally
will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities
will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances instead of reductions
in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more information about allowances,
credit quality indicators, and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained
earnings. We will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2023. We do not expect the new standard to have a material impact on our consolidated
financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Results
of Operations</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
evaluate the performance of our business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations. Accordingly, the income and expense
line items below income (loss) from operations are only included in our discussion of the consolidated results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">COVID-19</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In May 2023, the World Health Organization declared an end to COVID-19
as a public health emergency. As of the date of this Quarterly Report, we continue to monitor the situation. We cannot predict with certainty
the potential impact of COVID-19 if it re-invigorates on our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.</span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Explanation
of Performance Metrics</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
results of operations discussion include the following performance metrics:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.75in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">for
                                            National Retail Solutions, or NRS, active point of sale, or POS, terminals, payment processing accounts, and recurring
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<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">for
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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uses two key metrics, among others, to measure the size of its customer base: active POS terminals and payment processing accounts. Active
POS terminals are the number of POS terminals that have completed at least one transaction in the calendar month. It excludes POS terminals
that are being installed. Payment processing accounts are NRS PAY accounts that can generate revenue. It excludes accounts that have
been approved but not activated. NRS&#8217; recurring revenue is NRS&#8217; revenue in accordance with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP, excluding its revenue from POS terminal sales.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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cloud communications offerings are priced on a per-seat basis, with customers paying based on the number of users in their organization.
net2phone&#8217;s subscription revenue is its revenue in accordance with U.S. GAAP excluding its equipment revenue and revenue generated
by a legacy SIP trunking offering in Brazil.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
trends and comparisons between periods for the number of active POS terminals, NRS PAY accounts, seats served, recurring revenue, and
subscription revenue are used in the analysis of NRS&#8217; or net2phone&#8217;s revenues and direct cost of revenues and are strong
indications of the top-line growth and performance of the business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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of use is a nonfinancial metric that measures aggregate customer usage during a reporting period. Minutes of use is an important factor
in BOSS Revolution Calling&#8217;s and IDT Global&#8217;s revenue recognition since satisfaction of our performance obligation occurs
when the customer uses our service. Minutes of use trends and comparisons between periods are used in the analysis of revenues and direct
cost of revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
and Nine Months Ended April 30, 2023 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended April 30, 2022</b></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of August 1, 2022, we revised our reportable business segments primarily to reflect the growth of our financial technology businesses
and their increased contributions to our consolidated results. Our four reportable business segments, Fintech, NRS, net2phone, and Traditional
Communications, reflect management&#8217;s current approach to analyzing results, its resource allocation strategy, and its assessment
of business performance. NRS was previously included in our Fintech segment. In addition, certain lines of business were reclassified
to the Fintech segment from the Traditional Communications segment. Comparative segment information has been reclassified and restated
in all periods to conform to the current period presentation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Fintech
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of our total revenues in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, is comprised of BOSS Money, a provider of international
money remittance and related value/payment transfer services, as well as other, significantly smaller, financial services businesses,
including Leaf Global Fintech Corporation, or Leaf, a provider of digital wallet services in emerging markets, a variable interest
entity, or VIE, that operates money transfer businesses, and IDT Financial Services Limited, or IDT Financial Services, our Gibraltar-based
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>



<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9pt"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15.3pt"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm&#8212;not
                                            meaningful</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Revenues.
</i>Revenues from BOSS Money increased in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2022
primarily because of increased transaction volume in BOSS Money&#8217;s direct-to-consumer digital and retail channels in the three and
nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2022, as well as the development and
introduction of new platform functionalities enabling more flexible and granular pricing strategies. BOSS Money continues to benefit
from the expansion of its disbursement networks, particularly in Africa and the Caribbean.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Direct
Cost of Revenues</i>. Direct cost of revenues increased in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the similar periods
in fiscal 2022 primarily due to increased direct cost of revenues in BOSS Money&#8217;s direct-to-consumer digital and retail channels,
which reflected the increase in BOSS Money&#8217;s revenue.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
<i>Selling, General and Administrative</i>. Selling, general and administrative expense increased in the three and nine months ended
April 30, 2023 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2022 primarily due to increases in debit and credit card processing charges,
employee compensation, and marketing expenses. The increase in card processing charges was the result
of increased credit and debit card transactions through our BOSS Money app and other digital channels. As a percentage of Fintech&#8217;s
revenue, Fintech&#8217;s selling, general and administrative expense decreased to 60.5% from 64.9% in the three months ended April 30,
2023 and 2022, respectively, and decreased to 59.8% from 66.6% in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
<i>Depreciation and Amortization.</i> Depreciation and amortization expense increased in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023
compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2022 primarily due to increased depreciation of capitalized costs of consultants and employees
developing internal use software.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Other
Operating Gains.</i> In the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, Leaf received payments of nil and $13,000, respectively,
and in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, Leaf received payments of $0.3 million and $13,000, respectively, from government
grants for the development and commercialization of blockchain-backed financial technologies. In addition, in the nine months ended April
30, 2023, we determined that the requirements for a portion of the contingent consideration payments related to the Leaf acquisition
would not be met. We recognized a gain of $1.6 million on the write-off of this contingent consideration payment obligation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>National
Retail Solutions Segment</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS,
which represented 6.0% and 3.5% of our total revenues in the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 6.1% and 3.1%
of our total revenues in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, is an operator of a nationwide POS network providing
independent retailers with store management software, electronic payment processing, and other
ancillary merchant services. NRS&#8217; POS platform provides marketers with digital out-of-home advertising and transaction data.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 60%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            30,</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

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increased in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2022 driven primarily by
revenue growth from NRS&#8217; merchant services and  advertising and data, as well as the
expansion of NRS&#8217; POS network.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Direct
Cost of Revenues</i>. Direct cost of revenues increased in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the similar periods
in fiscal 2022 primarily due to increases in the direct costs of NRS&#8217; POS terminal sales.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
<i>Selling, General and Administrative</i>. Selling, general and administrative expense increased in the three and nine months ended
April 30, 2023 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2022 primarily due to increases in sales commissions, as well as increases in
employee compensation. As a percentage of NRS&#8217; revenue, NRS&#8217; selling, general and administrative expense decreased to 70.6%
from 73.5% in the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and decreased to 63.0% from 70.5% in the nine months ended
April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
<i>Depreciation and Amortization.</i> Depreciation and amortization expense increased in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023
compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2022 primarily due to increased depreciation of capitalized costs of consultants and employees
developing internal use software.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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net2phone segment, which represented 6.2% and 4.7% of our total revenues in the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively,
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cloud communications offerings.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
<i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            30,</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

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</i>net2phone&#8217;s revenues increased in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the similar periods in fiscal
2022 driven primarily by the growth in subscription revenue in the U.S. and Latin American markets, which reflects the increase in seats served at April 30, 2023 compared
to April 30, 2022 in those markets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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Cost of Revenues</i>. Direct cost of revenues increased in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the similar periods
in fiscal 2022 primarily due to the increase in revenues, with the largest increases in the U.S. market. net2phone&#8217;s focus on mid-sized
businesses, multi-channel strategies, and localized offerings generated revenue growth that exceeded the increase in direct cost of revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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General and Administrative</i>. Selling, general and administrative expense increased in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023
compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2022 primarily due to increases in sales commissions. As a percentage of net2phone&#8217;s
revenues, net2phone&#8217;s selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to 78.1% from 88.8% in the three months ended April
30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and decreased to 79.3% from 95.6% in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
net2phone derives a significant portion of its revenues from existing customers. Attracting new customers usually involves additional
costs compared to retention of existing customers. If existing customers&#8217; subscriptions and related usage decrease or are terminated,
net2phone will need to spend more money to acquire new customers and still may not be able to maintain its existing level of revenues
or profitability. In addition, net2phone needs to acquire new customers to increase its revenues. net2phone incurs significant sales
and marketing expenses to acquire new customers. It is therefore expected that selling, general and administrative expenses will remain
a significant percentage of net2phone&#8217;s revenues for the foreseeable future.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

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and Amortization.</i> Depreciation and amortization expense was substantially unchanged in the three months ended April 30, 2023
compared to the similar period in fiscal 2022. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense in the nine months
ended April 30, 2023 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2022 was due to increased depreciation of net2phone&#8217;s telephone
equipment leased to customers and increased depreciation of capitalized costs of consultants and employees developing internal use
software.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
<i>Other Operating Gain, net.</i> In the nine months ended April 30, 2022, we determined that the requirements for a contingent consideration
payment related to an acquisition in December 2019 would not be met before the expiration date. net2phone recognized a gain of $0.3 million
in the nine months ended April 30, 2022 on the write-off of this contingent consideration payment obligation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
<b><i>Traditional Communications Segment</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Traditional Communications segment, which represented 80.5% and 86.6% of our total revenues in the three months ended April 30, 2023
and 2022, respectively, and 81.6% and 88.4% of our total revenues in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively,
includes IDT Digital Payments (formerly Mobile Top-Up), which enables customers to transfer airtime and bundles of airtime, messaging, and data to
international and domestic mobile accounts, BOSS Revolution Calling, an international long-distance calling service marketed
primarily to immigrant communities in the United States and Canada, and IDT Global, a wholesale provider of international voice and
SMS termination and outsourced traffic management solutions to telecoms worldwide. Traditional Communications also includes other
small businesses and offerings including early-stage business initiatives and mature businesses in harvest mode.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Traditional
Communications&#8217; most significant revenue streams are from IDT Digital Payments, BOSS Revolution Calling, and IDT Global. IDT Digital Payments
and BOSS Revolution Calling are sold direct-to-consumers and through distributors and retailers. We receive payments for BOSS Revolution
Calling, traditional calling cards, and IDT Digital Payments prior to providing the services. We recognize the revenue when services are provided
to the customer. Traditional Communications&#8217; revenues tend to be somewhat seasonal, with the second fiscal quarter (which contains
Christmas and New Year&#8217;s Day) and the fourth fiscal quarter (which contains Mother&#8217;s Day and Father&#8217;s Day) typically
showing higher minute volumes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">IDT Global&#9;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,143</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>



<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9pt"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm&#8212;not
                                            meaningful</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Revenues.
</i>Revenues from IDT Digital Payments decreased in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the similar periods in fiscal
2022 primarily from the deterioration of a key corridor that was particularly impactful to revenues in the business-to-business wholesale
and retail channels.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues
and minutes of use from BOSS Revolution Calling decreased in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the similar periods
in fiscal 2022. BOSS Revolution Calling continues to be impacted by persistent, market-wide trends, including the proliferation of unlimited
calling plans offered by wireless carriers and mobile virtual network operators, and the increasing penetration of free and paid over-the-top
voice, video conferencing, and messaging services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues
and minutes of use from IDT Global decreased in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the similar periods in fiscal
2022 as communications globally continued to transition away from international voice calling. This trend was accelerated by the impact
of COVID-19 as business communications shifted from calling to video conferencing and other collaboration platforms. We expect that IDT
Global will continue to be adversely impacted by these trends, and minutes of use and revenues will likely continue to decline from quarter-to-quarter,
as we seek to maximize economics rather than necessarily sustain minutes of use or revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Direct
Cost of Revenues</i>. Direct cost of revenues decreased in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the similar periods
in fiscal 2022 primarily due to decreases in IDT Global, IDT Digital Payments, and BOSS Revolution Calling&#8217;s direct cost of revenues in
the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2022, mostly due to the decrease in revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Selling,
General and Administrative</i>. Selling, general and administrative expense decreased in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023
compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2022 primarily due to decreases in debit and credit card processing charges, employee compensation,
and sales commissions, partially offset by increases in marketing expense and stock-based compensation expense. As a percentage of Traditional
Communications&#8217; revenue, Traditional Communications&#8217; selling, general and administrative expense increased to 10.8% from
9.7% in the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and increased to 10.6% from 9.2% in the nine months ended April
30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Depreciation
and Amortization.</i> Depreciation and amortization expense increased in the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the
similar period in fiscal 2022 primarily due to increases in depreciation of equipment added to our telecommunications network and capitalized costs
of consultants and employees developing internal use software. Depreciation and amortization expense decreased in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to
the similar period in fiscal 2022 primarily due to decreases in depreciation as more of our property, plant, and equipment became
fully depreciated, partially offset by increases in depreciation of equipment added to our telecommunications network and
capitalized costs of consultants and employees developing internal use software.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Other
Operating Expense.</i> Other operating expense included $3.9 million and $33,000 in the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively,
and $3.9 million and $0.1 million in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, for the indemnification of one of our <span style="color: #222222">cable
telephony customers related to patent infringement claims brought against the customer. On May 8, 2023, we and the customer agreed to a release from the indemnification agreement in exchange for $3.9 million,
of which $1.9 million was paid on May 10, 2023, and the remainder will be paid in five monthly invoice deductions of $0.4 million each.
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Also, in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023, we
increased the estimated fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration by $0.2 million.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Corporate</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Three
                                            months ended April 30,</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Change</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Nine
                                            months ended April 30,</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

</td><td style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Change</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

</td><td style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>2023</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>2022</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>$</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>%</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>2023</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>2022</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>$</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>%</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="30" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
    millions)</b></span></td><td style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 28%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">General
    and administrative</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2.3</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1.8</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.5</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">28.7</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(6.7</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(6.1</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.6</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.0</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.6</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.2</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.4</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">301.6</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1.8</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
costs mainly include compensation, consulting fees, treasury, tax and accounting services, human resources, corporate purchasing, corporate
governance including Board of Directors&#8217; fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate
legal, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any
direct cost of revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>General
and Administrative.</i> Corporate general and administrative expense increased in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023
compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2022 primarily because of increases in employee compensation and stock-based compensation
expense. As a percentage of our
consolidated revenues, Corporate general and administrative expense was 0.8% and 0.5% in the three months ended April 30, 2023 and
2022, respectively, and 0.7% and 0.6% in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
Operating Expense, net<span style="font-style: normal">. As discussed in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in
Item 1 to Part I of this Quarterly Report, we (as well as other defendants) have been named in a pending class action on behalf of the
stockholders of our former subsidiary, Straight Path Communications Inc., or Straight Path. We incurred legal fees of $1.0 million and
$1.4 million in the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $5.1 million in both the nine months ended
April 30, 2023 and 2022 related to this action. Also, we recorded offsetting gains from insurance claims for this matter
of $0.4 million and $1.2 million in the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $3.3 million and $4.1 million in
the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;
</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Consolidated</b></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;
</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following is a discussion of certain of our consolidated expenses, and our consolidated income and expense line items below income from
operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Related
Party Lease Costs. </i>We lease office and parking space in a building and parking garage located at 520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey
that was previously owned by our former subsidiary, Rafael Holdings, Inc., or Rafael. On August 22, 2022, Rafael sold the building and
parking garage to an unrelated third party. Our lease in that building continues with the new owner. We lease office space in Israel
from Rafael. The Newark lease expires in April 2025 and the Israel lease expires in July 2025. In the three and nine months ended April
30, 2023, we incurred lease costs of $33,000 and $0.2 million, respectively, in connection with the Rafael leases, which excludes Newark
lease costs after August 22, 2022. In the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, we incurred lease costs of $0.5 million and $1.4
million, respectively, in connection with the Rafael leases. Lease costs incurred in connection with the Rafael leases are included in
consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Stock-Based
Compensation Expense.</i> Stock-based compensation expense included in consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses was
$1.7 million and $1.2 million in the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $3.5 million and $1.8 million in
the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increases were primarily due to the grant of deferred stock units,
or DSUs, that, upon vesting, will entitle the grantees to receive shares of our Class B common stock. In the nine months ended April
30, 2023, we granted an aggregate of 193,225 DSUs to certain of our executive officers and other employees. The number of shares
that will be issuable on each vesting date will vary between 50% to 200% of the number of DSUs that vest on that vesting date,
depending on the market price for the underlying Class B common stock on the vesting date relative to the base price approved by the
Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors of $25.45 per share (which was based on the market price at the time of the initial
grants under this program). On May 17, 2023, the first vesting date under the program, in accordance with the program and based on certain elections
made by grantees, we issued 41,945 shares of our Class B common stock for vested DSUs. Based on those elections, vesting for 30,909
DSUs was delayed until February 21, 2024. Subject to continued full time employment or other service to us, the remaining DSUs are
scheduled to vest on February 21, 2024 and February 25, 2025. The grantees will have the right to elect a later vesting date no later
than January 19, 2024 for the February 21, 2024 vesting date. A grantee will have the option to elect a later vesting date for
one-half or all of the shares scheduled to vest on February 21, 2024 and any DSUs that do not vest based on the grantee&#8217;s
election, will be eligible to vest on February 25, 2025. We estimated that the fair value of the DSUs on the date of grants was an
aggregate of $5.2 million, which is being recognized on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service periods ending in February
2025. We used a risk neutral Monte Carlo simulation method in our valuation of the DSUs, which simulated the range of possible
future values of our Class B common stock over the life of the DSUs. The weighted average grant date fair value per DSU was $27.20.
At April 30, 2023, there was $2.9 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested DSUs.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective
as of June 30, 2022, restricted shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock were granted to certain NRS employees. The restrictions on
the shares will lapse in three installments on each of June 1, 2024, 2026, and 2027. The estimated fair value of the restricted shares
on the grant date was $3.3 million, which will be recognized over the vesting period. At April 30, 2023, unrecognized compensation cost
related to NRS&#8217; non-vested Class B common stock was an aggregate of $2.8 million. The unrecognized compensation cost is expected
to be recognized over the remaining vesting period that end in fiscal 2027.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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                                                                                 <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>April
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p>

</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">April
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
    millions)</b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Foreign
    currency transaction gains (losses)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.9</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.9</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2.3</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.2</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Equity
    in the net loss of investee</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.8</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.8</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2.1</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2.2</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Losses
    on investments, net</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.5</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3.4</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2.6</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(20.9</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.2</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.9</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    other expense, net</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.4</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(5.1</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2.6</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(24.2</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have an investment in convertible preferred stock of a communications company (the equity method investee, or EMI),
that represented 26.57% of the outstanding shares of the EMI on an as converted basis. On April 6, 2023, in accordance with an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of April 5, 2023, the EMI merged with
and into its subsidiary, with the subsidiary being the surviving corporation. Each of the EMI&#8217;s shareholders agreed to purchase additional shares of the EMI&#8217;s
convertible preferred stock through May 31, 2023.  Following the merger, the conversion of our notes receivable into EMI shares
described below, and the purchases of the additional EMI&#8217;s shares,
our ownership interest increased to 33.3% of the EMI&#8217;s outstanding shares. We account for this investment using the equity
method since we can exercise significant influence
over the operating and financial policies of the EMI but we do not have a controlling interest.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
losses on investments, net in the three and nine months ended April
30, 2023 included unrealized gains of $11,000 and $20,000, respectively, and in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022 included unrealized losses of $0.6 million
and $14.1 million, respectively, on shares of Rafael&#8217;s Class B
common stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Provision
for Income Taxes.</i> The change in income tax expense in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the similar periods
in fiscal 2022 was primarily due to differences in the amount of taxable income earned in the various taxing jurisdictions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Net
Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests</i>. The change in the net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the three
and nine months
ended April 30, 2023 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2022 was primarily due to increases in the net income of NRS as well as
a reductions in the net loss of net2phone 2.0, Inc. and certain other subsidiaries.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Liquidity
and Capital Resources</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the date of this Quarterly Report, we expect our cash from operations and the balance of cash, cash
equivalents, debt securities, and current equity investments that we held on April 30, 2023 will be sufficient to meet our currently
anticipated working capital and capital expenditure requirements during the twelve-month period ending April 30, 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
April 30, 2023, we had cash, cash equivalents, debt securities, and current equity investments of $138.5 million and working capital
(current assets in excess of current liabilities) of $88.3 million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
treat unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of New York, LLC as substantially
restricted and unavailable for other purposes. At April 30, 2023, &#8220;Cash and cash equivalents&#8221; in our consolidated balance
sheet included an aggregate of $16.9 million held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of New York, LLC that was unavailable
for other purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Contractual
Obligations and Commitments </b></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table includes our anticipated material cash requirements from contractual obligations and other commitments at April 30, 2023:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Payments
                                            Due by Period </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
                                            millions)</b></span></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less
    than<br /> 1 year</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1&#8211;3
    years</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4&#8211;5
                                            years&#160;</b></span></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>After
                                            5 years&#160;</b></span></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 35%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Purchase
    commitments</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">7.9</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">7.9</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Connectivity
    obligations under service agreements</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.6</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.4</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.2</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
    leases including short-term leases</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">7.6</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3.5</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3.6</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.5</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    (1)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">16.1</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11.8</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3.8</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.5</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            above table does not include up to $10 million for the potential redemption of shares of
                                            NRS&#8217; Class B common stock, an aggregate of $25.8 million in performance bonds, and
                                            up to $9.0 million for other potential payments including contingent consideration related
                                            to business acquisitions, due to the uncertainty of the amount and/or timing of any such
                                            payments.</span></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Consolidated
Financial Condition</b></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    activities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Investing
    activities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(26.0</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Financing
    activities</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Effect
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Decrease
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Operating
Activities </b></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
cash flow from operations varies significantly from quarter to quarter and from year to year, depending on our operating results and
the timing of operating cash receipts and payments, specifically trade accounts receivable and trade accounts payable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gross
trade accounts receivable increased to $72.1 million at April 30, 2023 from $70.2 million at July 31, 2022 primarily due to billings
in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 that were greater than amounts collected during the period.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
revenue arises from sales of prepaid products and varies from period to period depending on the mix and the timing of revenues. Deferred
revenue decreased to $33.9 million at April 30, 2023 from $36.5 million at July 31, 2022 primarily due to decreases in the BOSS Revolution
Calling and IDT Digital Payments deferred revenue balances.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Customer
deposit liabilities at IDT Financial Services increased to $86.1 million at April 30, 2023 from $85.8 million at July 31, 2022. Our restricted
cash and cash equivalents included $86.9 million and $86.6 million at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, respectively, held by IDT Financial
Services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require
a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in
the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that we have liability
for periods for which we have not collected sales, use or other similar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful
it could materially and adversely affect our business, financial position, and operating results. One or more jurisdictions may change
their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to our operations, and if such changes were made it could materially
and adversely affect our business, financial position, and operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
discussed in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 to Part I of this Quarterly Report, we (as well as other
defendants) have been named in a pending class action on behalf of the stockholders of our former subsidiary, Straight Path. We are vigorously
defending this matter. At this stage, we are unable to estimate our potential liability, if any. </span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Investing
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<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
capital expenditures were $16.0 million and $13.8 million in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We currently
anticipate that total capital expenditures in the twelve-month period ending April 30, 2024 will be $21 million to $22 million. We expect
to fund our capital expenditures with our net cash provided by operating activities and cash, cash equivalents, debt securities, and
current equity investments on hand.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On April 6, 2023, in accordance with an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated
as of April 5, 2023, the EMI merged with and into its subsidiary, with the subsidiary being the surviving corporation. Effective with
the merger, among other things, the notes receivable from the EMI that we held with an aggregate principal and accrued interest of $4.0
million were converted into shares of EMI Preferred Stock. In addition, each of the EMI&#8217;s shareholders agreed to purchase additional
shares of EMI Preferred Stock, for which we paid $0.2 million in April 2023 and $0.7 million in May 2023 to purchase the additional shares.
On August 10, 2021, we paid $1.1 million to purchase shares of the EMI&#8217;s Series C convertible preferred stock and additional shares
of the EMI&#8217;s Series B convertible preferred stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
March 3, 2022, net2phone 2.0, Inc. purchased all of the outstanding shares of the owners of Integra CCS for cash of $7.1 million, net of cash
acquired. We also recorded aggregate liabilities of $4.5 million for the estimated fair value of future payments including contingent
consideration. The purchase price also included 27,765 shares of our Class B common stock with a value of $1.0 million that were issued
at closing.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
March 1, 2022, our subsidiary, IDT International Telecom, Inc., purchased all of the outstanding shares of Leaf for cash of $0.3 million,
net of cash acquired. We also recorded liabilities of $3.3 million for the estimated fair value of contingent consideration.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Purchases
of debt securities and equity investments were $44.2 million and $11.3 million in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments were $34.3 million and $7.8 million in the
nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financing
Activities</b></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
distributed cash of $0.3 million and $0.4 million in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to the noncontrolling
interests in certain of our subsidiaries.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, we received proceeds from financing-related other liabilities of $0.3 million and $2.3
million, respectively.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, we repaid financing-related other liabilities of $2.0 million and $1.3 million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc., or IDT Telecom, entered into a credit agreement, dated as of May 17, 2021, with TD Bank, N.A. for a revolving
credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $25.0 million. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds to finance working capital requirements
and for certain closing costs of the facility. At April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, there were no amounts outstanding under this facility.
In the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate of $2.4 million and $2.6 million, respectively,
under the facility. The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom&#8217;s assets. The principal outstanding
bears interest per annum at the Intercontinental Exchange Benchmark Administration Ltd. LIBOR multiplied by the Regulation D maximum
reserve requirement plus 125 to 175 basis points, depending upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal
quarter. Interest is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on May 16, 2024. IDT Telecom
pays a quarterly unused commitment fee on the average daily balance of the unused portion of the $25.0 million commitment of 30 to 85
basis points, depending upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter. IDT Telecom is required
to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain targets based on financial ratios during the term
of the revolving credit facility. As of April 30, 2023, IDT Telecom was in compliance with all of the covenants.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 29, 2021, NRS sold shares of its Class B common stock representing 2.5% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted
basis to Alta Fox Opportunities Fund LP, or Alta Fox, for cash of $10 million. Alta Fox has the right to request that NRS redeem all
or any portion of the NRS common shares that it purchased at the per share purchase price during a period of 182 days following the fifth
anniversary of this transaction. The redemption right shall terminate upon the consummation of (i) a sale of NRS or its assets for cash
or securities that are listed on a national securities exchange, (ii) a public offering of NRS&#8217; securities, or (iii) a distribution
of NRS&#8217; capital stock following which NRS&#8217; common shares are listed on a national securities exchange.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, we received cash from the exercise of stock options of $0.2 million and $0.1 million,
respectively, for which we issued 12,500 and 10,000 shares, respectively, of our Class B common stock. In addition, in April 2022, Howard
S. Jonas, our Chairman (an executive officer position) and the Chairman of our Board of Directors, exercised stock options for 1.0 million
shares of our Class B common stock that were granted on May 2, 2017. The exercise price of these options was $14.93 per share and the
expiration date was May 1, 2022. Mr. Jonas used 528,635 shares of our Class B common stock with a value of $14.9 million to pay the aggregate
exercise price of the options.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have an existing stock repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors for the repurchase of shares of our Class B common
stock. The Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 8.0 million shares in the aggregate. In the nine months ended April
30, 2023, we repurchased 280,130 shares of our Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $7.5 million. There were no
repurchases under the program in the nine months ended April 30, 2022. At April 30, 2023, 4.9 million shares remained available for
repurchase under the stock repurchase program.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, we paid $0.3 million and $9.0 million, respectively, to repurchase 13,547 and 200,438
shares, respectively, of our Class B common stock that were tendered by employees of ours to satisfy the employees&#8217; tax
withholding obligations in connection with shares issued for bonus payments, the vesting of DSUs, and lapsing of restrictions on
restricted stock. In addition, in April 2022, Mr. Jonas tendered 137,364 shares of our Class B common stock with a value of $3.9
million to satisfy a portion of his tax obligations in connection with his stock option exercises. Such shares were repurchased by
us based on their fair market value as of the close of business on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Other
Sources and Uses of Resources </i></b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are considering spin-offs and other potential dispositions of certain of our subsidiaries. Some of the transactions under consideration
are in early stages and others are more advanced. A spin-off may include the contribution of a significant amount of cash, cash equivalents,
debt securities, and/or equity securities to the subsidiary prior to the spin-off, which would reduce our capital resources. There is
no assurance at this time that any of these transactions will be completed.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
intend to, where appropriate, make strategic investments and acquisitions to complement, expand, and/or enter into new businesses. In
considering acquisitions and investments, we search for opportunities to profitably grow our existing businesses and/or to add qualitatively
to the range and diversification of businesses in our portfolio. At this time, we cannot guarantee that we will be presented with acquisition
opportunities that meet our return-on-investment criteria, or that our efforts to make acquisitions that meet our criteria will be successful.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"></p>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="cr_010"></span>Item
  3.</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Quantitative
  and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks</span></td></tr>
</table>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Foreign
Currency Risk</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues
from our international operations were 28% and 29% of our consolidated revenues in the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively,
and 28% and 28% of our consolidated revenues in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Therefore, a significant
portion of our revenues is in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. Our foreign currency exchange risk is somewhat mitigated by our
ability to offset a portion of these non-U.S. Dollar-denominated revenues with operating expenses that are paid in the same currencies.
While the impact from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates affects our revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies, the
net amount of our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate changes at the end of each reporting period is generally not material.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Investment
Risk</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
hold a portion of our assets in debt and equity securities, including hedge funds, for strategic and speculative purposes. At April
30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, the value of our debt and equity security holdings was an aggregate of $58.0 million and $46.8 million,
respectively, which represented 11% and 9% of our total assets at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, respectively. Investments in debt and equity securities carry a
degree of risk and depend to a great extent on correct assessments of the future course of price movements of securities and other
instruments. There can be no assurance that our investment managers will be able to accurately predict these price movements. The
securities markets have in recent years been characterized by great volatility and unpredictability. Accordingly, the value of our
investments may go down as well as up and we may not receive the amounts originally invested upon redemption.</span></p>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="cr_011"></span>Item
  4.</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Controls
  and Procedures</span></td></tr>
</table>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Evaluation
of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.</i> Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of
our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended),
as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of April 30, 2023.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Changes
in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.</i> There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter
ended April 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial
reporting.</span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="cr_012"></span>PART
II. OTHER INFORMATION</span></p>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="cr_013"></span>Item
1.</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Legal
                  Proceedings</b></span></td></tr></table>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal
proceedings in which we are involved are described in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 to Part I of
this Quarterly Report.</span></p>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="cr_014"></span>Item
1A.</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Risk
                   Factors</b></span></td></tr></table>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
are no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A to Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal
year ended July 31, 2022.</span></p>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="cr_015"></span>Item
2.</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Unregistered
                  Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds</b></span></td></tr></table>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table provides information with respect to purchases by us of our shares during the third quarter of fiscal 2023:</span></p>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Total<br />
                                            Number of<br /> Shares<br /> Purchased</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Price<br /> per Share</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Number<br /> of Shares<br /> Purchased as<br /> part of<br /> Publicly<br /> Announced<br /> Plans or<br />
                                            Programs</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Maximum<br />
                                            Number of<br /> Shares that<br /> May Yet Be<br /> Purchased<br /> Under the<br /> Plans or<br /> Programs
                                            (1)</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 32%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">February
    1&#8211;28, 2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 14%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5,010,317</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">March 1&#8211;31,
    2023 (2)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">144</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">30.56</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5,010,317</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">April
    1&#8211;30, 2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">76,694</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">32.57</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">76,694</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4,933,623</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">76,838</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">32.56</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">76,694</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
    January 22, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program to purchase up to 8.0 million shares of our Class B
    common stock.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares
    of our Class B common stock that were tendered by an employee of ours to satisfy the employee&#8217;s tax withholding obligations
    in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock. Such shares were repurchased by us based on their fair market
    value as of the close of business on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="cr_016"></span>Item
  3.</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Defaults
  Upon Senior Securities</span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="cr_017"></span>Item
  4.</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Mine
  Safety Disclosures</span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="cr_018"></span>Item
  5.</span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
  Information</span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="cr_019"></span>Item
  6.</b></span></td>
  <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Exhibits </b></span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; width: 0.75in"><p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Exhibit</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Number
                                            </span></p></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 0.1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Description
    </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap"></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">31.1*</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="ex31-1.htm">Certification
    of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to &#167;302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap"></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">31.2*</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="ex31-2.htm">Certification
    of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to &#167;302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap"></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">32.1*</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="ex32-1.htm">Certification
    of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to &#167;906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap"></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">32.2*</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="ex32-2.htm">Certification
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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<p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>



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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="cr_020"></span>SIGNATURES</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.</span></p>

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</span></p>

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    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IDT
    CORPORATION</b></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June
    9, 2023</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>/s/
    SHMUEL JONAS</i></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></td>
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                                            Jonas</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Chief
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June
    9, 2023</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
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    MARCELO FISCHER</i></span></td></tr>
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                                            Fischer</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Chief
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>EXHIBIT
31.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CERTIFICATION
OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER<BR>
<BR>
PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)<BR>
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I,
Shmuel Jonas, certify that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of IDT Corporation;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the
period covered by this report;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material
respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this
report;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.
The registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,
to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under
our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements
for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions
about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;
and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant&rsquo;s
most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&rsquo;s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected,
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.
The registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over
financial reporting, to the registrant&rsquo;s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant&rsquo;s board of directors (or persons
performing the equivalent functions):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;
and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant&rsquo;s
internal control over financial reporting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
June 9, 2023</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    SHMUEL JONAS </I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Shmuel
Jonas</B></FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
Executive Officer</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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<B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>EXHIBIT
31.2 </B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CERTIFICATION
OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PURSUANT
TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">AS
ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I,
Marcelo Fischer, certify that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of IDT Corporation;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the
period covered by this report;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material
respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this
report;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.
The registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,
to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under
our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements
for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions
about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;
and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant&rsquo;s
most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&rsquo;s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected,
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.
The registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over
financial reporting, to the registrant&rsquo;s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant&rsquo;s board of directors (or persons
performing the equivalent functions):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;
and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant&rsquo;s
internal control over financial reporting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
June 9, 2023</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;
</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    MARCELO FISCHER</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Marcelo
Fischer</B></FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
Financial Officer</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<B>EXHIBIT 32.1 </B></FONT></P>

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&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification
Pursuant to<BR>
18 U.S.C. Section 1350<BR>
(as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of<BR>
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the Quarterly Report of IDT Corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 30, 2023
as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;Report&rdquo;), I, Shmuel Jonas, Chief Executive Officer of the Company,
certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. &sect; 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 24.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations
of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 24.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
June 9, 2023</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;
</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    SHMUEL JONAS</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Shmuel
Jonas</B></FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
Executive Officer</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting
the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided
to IDT Corporation and will be retained by IDT Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon
request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
<B>EXHIBIT 32.2 </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification
Pursuant to<BR>
18 U.S.C. Section 1350<BR>
(as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of<BR>
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the Quarterly Report of IDT Corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 30, 2023
as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;Report&rdquo;), I, Marcelo Fischer, Chief Financial Officer of the Company,
certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. &sect; 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 24.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations
of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 24.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
June 9, 2023</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    MARCELO FISCHER</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Marcelo
Fischer </B></FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
Financial Officer</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting
the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided
to IDT Corporation and will be retained by IDT Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon
request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.CAL
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>idt-20230430_cal.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL CALCULATION FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common Class A [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common Class B [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Components [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Retained Earnings [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling Interest [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Segments [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_FintechMember" xlink:label="IDT_FintechMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FintechMember" xlink:to="IDT_FintechMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_FintechMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fintech [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" xlink:label="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" xlink:to="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">National Retail Solutions [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_Net2phoneMember" xlink:label="IDT_Net2phoneMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_Net2phoneMember" xlink:to="IDT_Net2phoneMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_Net2phoneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net2 phone [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CorporateMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CorporateMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CorporateMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate Segment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:to="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Product and Service [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember" xlink:label="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember" xlink:to="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BOSS Revolution Money Transfer [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_OtherMember" xlink:label="IDT_OtherMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OtherMember" xlink:to="IDT_OtherMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_OtherMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember" xlink:label="IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Digital Payments [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember" xlink:label="IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember" xlink:to="IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BOSS Revolution Calling [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_IDTGlobalMember" xlink:label="IDT_IDTGlobalMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTGlobalMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTGlobalMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IDTGlobalMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Global [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Geographical [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_US" xlink:label="country_US" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_US" xlink:to="country_US_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_US_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">UNITED STATES</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd#country_GB" xlink:label="country_GB" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_GB" xlink:to="country_GB_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_GB_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">UNITED KINGDOM</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_OthersMember" xlink:label="IDT_OthersMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OthersMember" xlink:to="IDT_OthersMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_OthersMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NonUsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonUsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonUsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonUsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonUsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-US [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statistical Measurement [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MinimumMember" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Minimum [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MaximumMember" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Maximum [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_GeographicDistributionAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeographicDistributionAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GeographicDistributionAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeographicDistributionAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeographicDistributionAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Geographic Distribution [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_NewarkMember" xlink:label="IDT_NewarkMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NewarkMember" xlink:to="IDT_NewarkMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NewarkMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Newark [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:label="dei_LegalEntityAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:to="dei_LegalEntityAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LegalEntityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Legal Entity [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rafael Holdings Inc. [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" xlink:label="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Financial Services Limited [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember" xlink:label="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Payment Services [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Security Category [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Certificates of Deposit [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">US Treasury Bill Securities [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">US Government-sponsored Enterprises Debt Securities [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate Bond Securities [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Municipal Bonds [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_ZedgeIncMember" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeIncMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ZedgeIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_ZedgeIncMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Zedge Inc [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investment Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember" xlink:label="IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember" xlink:to="IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Marketable Equity Securities [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MutualFundMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_MutualFundMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MutualFundMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_MutualFundMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MutualFundMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Mutual Fund [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Series C Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_VisaIncMember" xlink:label="IDT_VisaIncMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VisaIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_VisaIncMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_VisaIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Visa Inc [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Hedge Funds [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Investments [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_UnrestrictedCommonClassBOfRafaelHoldingsIncMember" xlink:label="IDT_UnrestrictedCommonClassBOfRafaelHoldingsIncMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_UnrestrictedCommonClassBOfRafaelHoldingsIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_UnrestrictedCommonClassBOfRafaelHoldingsIncMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_UnrestrictedCommonClassBOfRafaelHoldingsIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unrestricted Common Class B of Rafael Holdings Inc [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Visa Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Visa Class A Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Visa Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Series B Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investment, Name [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" xlink:label="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" xlink:to="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investee [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investee [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_FebruaryTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember" xlink:label="IDT_FebruaryTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FebruaryTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember" xlink:to="IDT_FebruaryTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_FebruaryTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">February 2023 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_AprilTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember" xlink:label="IDT_AprilTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AprilTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember" xlink:to="IDT_AprilTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_AprilTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">April 2023 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">EMI Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rafael Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Zedge Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Hierarchy and NAV [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Measurement Frequency [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Recurring [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Statement Location [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Operating Income (Expense) [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consolidated Entities [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications Segment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember" xlink:label="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember" xlink:to="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Indemnification Agreement [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Credit Facility [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revolving Credit Facility [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lender Name [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_TDBankMember" xlink:label="IDT_TDBankMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TDBankMember" xlink:to="IDT_TDBankMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TDBankMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TD Bank [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_IDTTelecomMember" xlink:label="IDT_IDTTelecomMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTTelecomMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTTelecomMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IDTTelecomMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Telecom [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis" xlink:label="srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis" xlink:to="srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of Individual [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd#srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember" xlink:label="srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember" xlink:to="srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Executive Officer [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember" xlink:label="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember" xlink:to="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Stock Units [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_BoardOfDirectorsMember" xlink:label="IDT_BoardOfDirectorsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BoardOfDirectorsMember" xlink:to="IDT_BoardOfDirectorsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_BoardOfDirectorsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Board of Directors [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AwardDateAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardDateAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardDateAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardDateAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardDateAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Date [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_FebruaryTwentyOneTwoThousandAndTwentyFourMember" xlink:label="IDT_FebruaryTwentyOneTwoThousandAndTwentyFourMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FebruaryTwentyOneTwoThousandAndTwentyFourMember" xlink:to="IDT_FebruaryTwentyOneTwoThousandAndTwentyFourMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_FebruaryTwentyOneTwoThousandAndTwentyFourMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">February 21, 2024 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Plan Name [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xlink:label="IDT_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xlink:to="IDT_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_HowardSJonasMember" xlink:label="IDT_HowardSJonasMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_HowardSJonasMember" xlink:to="IDT_HowardSJonasMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_HowardSJonasMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Howard S Jonas [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_EmployeeMember" xlink:label="IDT_EmployeeMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EmployeeMember" xlink:to="IDT_EmployeeMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EmployeeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Employee [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_EmployeesMember" xlink:label="IDT_EmployeesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EmployeesMember" xlink:to="IDT_EmployeesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EmployeesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Employees [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">AOCI, Accumulated Gain (Loss), Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Parent [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Foreign Currency Adjustment Attributable to Parent [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_UniversalServiceFundMember" xlink:label="IDT_UniversalServiceFundMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_UniversalServiceFundMember" xlink:to="IDT_UniversalServiceFundMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_UniversalServiceFundMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Universal Service Fund [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember" xlink:label="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember" xlink:to="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Federal Telecommunications Relay Services Fund [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetirementPlanNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Retirement Plan Name [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_FourHundreadAndOnekPlanMember" xlink:label="IDT_FourHundreadAndOnekPlanMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FourHundreadAndOnekPlanMember" xlink:to="IDT_FourHundreadAndOnekPlanMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_FourHundreadAndOnekPlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">401 (k) Plan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:to="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Accounting Standard</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:to="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Reporting Standard Item Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Shell Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:to="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Public Float</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Bankruptcy Proceedings, Reporting Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" xlink:label="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" xlink:to="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Documents Incorporated by Reference [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current assets:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt securities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $6,133 at April 30, 2023 and $5,882 at July 31, 2022</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_DisbursementPrefunding" xlink:label="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other current assets</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property, plant, and equipment, net</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other intangibles, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity investments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease right-of-use assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other assets</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest, and equity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current liabilities:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts payable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred revenue</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer deposits</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other current liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total current liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and contingencies</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Redeemable noncontrolling interest</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares&#8212;10,000; no shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional paid-in capital</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury stock, at cost, consisting of 1,698 and 1,698 shares of Class A common stock and 3,906 and 3,613 shares of Class B common stock at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, respectively</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total equity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest, and equity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, par value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares authorized</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, par value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares authorized</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury stock shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Statement [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenues</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Costs and expenses:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpenses" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpenses_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Direct cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Selling, general and administrative</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation and amortization</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1" xlink:label="us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1" xlink:to="us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Severance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total costs and expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other operating expense, net (see Note 10)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income from operations</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest income, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other expense, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income before income taxes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Provision for income taxes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income attributable to IDT Corporation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Basic</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-average number of shares used in calculation of earnings per share:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Basic</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share based compensation</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other comprehensive income (loss):</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency translation adjustments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other comprehensive loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive income</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive income attributable to IDT Corporation</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Beginning balance value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" xlink:label="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" xlink:to="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" xlink:label="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" xlink:to="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued to certain executive officers for bonus payments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise of stock options by Howard S. Jonas</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Business acquisition</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other comprehensive loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries" xlink:label="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries" xlink:to="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ending balance value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise of stock options</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred income taxes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Provision for doubtful accounts receivable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesGainLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesGainLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesGainLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesGainLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesGainLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net unrealized loss from marketable securities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Change in assets and liabilities:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts receivable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_DisbursementPrefundingPrepaidExpensesOtherCurrentAssetsAndOtherAssets" xlink:label="IDT_DisbursementPrefundingPrepaidExpensesOtherCurrentAssetsAndOtherAssets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DisbursementPrefundingPrepaidExpensesOtherCurrentAssetsAndOtherAssets" xlink:to="IDT_DisbursementPrefundingPrepaidExpensesOtherCurrentAssetsAndOtherAssets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_DisbursementPrefundingPrepaidExpensesOtherCurrentAssetsAndOtherAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Disbursement prefunding, prepaid expenses, other current assets, and other assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses, other current liabilities, and other liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer deposits at IDT Financial Services Limited (Gibraltar-based bank)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred revenue</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash provided by operating activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investing activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Capital expenditures</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase of convertible preferred stock in equity method investment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromOtherDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromOtherDebt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repayment of other liabilities.</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfInterestInCorporateUnit" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfInterestInCorporateUnit" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repurchases of Class B common stock</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock" xlink:label="IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssued1" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssued1" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssued1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued to certain executive officers for bonus payments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionValueOfLiabilitiesAssumed1" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionValueOfLiabilitiesAssumed1" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionValueOfLiabilitiesAssumed1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities incurred for acquisitions</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock issued for acquisition</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationReceived1" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationReceived1" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounting Policies [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Basis of Presentation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue Recognition</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee Disclosure [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Leases</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">(Loss) income from operations</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:to="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Reportable Segments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Disaggregation of Revenue [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue recognized in the period from amounts included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#8220;Other current assets&#8221;</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#8220;Other assets&#8221;</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease cost</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Short-term lease cost</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCost" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseCost_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total lease cost</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liabilities included in &#8220;Other current liabilities&#8221;</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2024</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2025</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2026</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2027</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2028</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Thereafter</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total lease payments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less imputed interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total operating lease liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, operating lease, term of contract</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee operating lease, description</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Incurred lease cost</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Within one year</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">After one year through five years</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">After five years through ten years</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">After ten years</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current equity investments</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncurrent equity investments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" xlink:label="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" xlink:to="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of related party shares received</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, beginning of period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer" xlink:label="IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer" xlink:to="IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Impairments</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, end of the period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net losses recognized during the period on equity investments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed" xlink:to="IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less: net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Defined Benefit Plans Disclosures [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, beginning of period</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock" xlink:to="IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Conversion of secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity in the net loss of investee</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference" xlink:label="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference" xlink:to="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization of equity method basis difference</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, end of the period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Direct cost of revenues</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total costs and expenses</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss from operations</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other expense</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" xlink:to="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related party shares received</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Owned shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible preferred stock, shares issued upon conversion</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from sale of common stock</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, upward price adjustment, annual amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueDownwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueDownwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueDownwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueDownwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueDownwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, downward price adjustment, annual amount</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments to purchase additional shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity method investment, ownership percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase in secured debt including accrued interest</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Receivable with imputed interest, effective yield (Interest rate)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Receivable with imputed interest, due date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity method investment, aggregate cost</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investment, Difference Between Carrying Amount and Underlying Equity, Accounting Treatment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Recurring and Nonrecurring [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt securities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset" xlink:label="IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset" xlink:to="IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity investments included in current assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets" xlink:label="IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets" xlink:to="IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" xlink:label="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" xlink:to="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, beginning of period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, end of period</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, beginning of period</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationLiabilityTransfersIntoLevel3" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationLiabilityTransfersIntoLevel3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationLiabilityTransfersIntoLevel3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Transfer into Level 3 from acquisitions</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">&#8220;Other operating expense, net&#8221;</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense" xlink:to="IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest expense included in &#8220;Interest income, net&#8221;</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">&#8220;Foreign currency translation adjustment&#8221;</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, end of period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for liabilities held at the end of the period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Option, Disclosures [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds" xlink:label="IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds" xlink:to="IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investment in hedge funds</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Contingent consideration payment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Estimated fair value of contingent consideration</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount" xlink:to="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income of the VIE</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" xlink:to="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and equivalents</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts receivable, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DueFromRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DueFromRelatedPartiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DueFromRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DueFromRelatedPartiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DueFromRelatedPartiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Due from the Company</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Due to the Company</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total liabilities and noncontrolling interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LegalFees" xlink:label="us-gaap_LegalFees" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LegalFees" xlink:to="us-gaap_LegalFees_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LegalFees_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate&#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds" xlink:to="us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate&#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fintech&#8212;write-off of contingent consideration liability</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_FintechGovernmentGrants" xlink:label="IDT_FintechGovernmentGrants" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FintechGovernmentGrants" xlink:to="IDT_FintechGovernmentGrants_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_FintechGovernmentGrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fintech&#8212; government grants</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability" xlink:to="IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">net2phone&#8212;write-off of contingent consideration liability</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_Net2PhoneOtherNet" xlink:label="IDT_Net2PhoneOtherNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_Net2PhoneOtherNet" xlink:to="IDT_Net2PhoneOtherNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_Net2PhoneOtherNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">net2phone&#8212;other</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications&#8212; cable telephony customer indemnification claim</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications&#8212;contingent consideration liability</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications&#8212;other</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total other operating expense, net</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Estimated fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration liability</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim, paid</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimToBePaid" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimToBePaid" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimToBePaid" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimToBePaid_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimToBePaid_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim, reminder</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCredit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCredit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCredit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revolving credit amount outstanding</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from lines of credit</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repayments of lines of credit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Credit facility, description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revolving credit, unused portion amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Stock by Class [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Stock [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock" xlink:label="IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock" xlink:to="IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Performance bonus paid in cash stock</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of shares, value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred stock units, description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of deferred stock units granted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SharePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share price</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingDeferredInPeriod" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingDeferredInPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingDeferredInPeriod" xlink:to="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingDeferredInPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingDeferredInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares vested</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Estimated fair value of DSUs on date of grant</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted average grant date fair value per DSU</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested DSUs</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock additionally authorized</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice" xlink:to="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise price of stock options</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock option expiration date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of exercised of stock options shares</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of exercised of stock options, value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of restricted shares granted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod" xlink:to="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Vesting period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate repurchased shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class B common stock shares repurchased</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares remained available for repurchase under stock repurchase program</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterestTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling Interest [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s noncontrolling interest</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Capital stock outstanding percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction" xlink:to="us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Basic weighted-average number of shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock options</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted weighted-average number of shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Anti-dilutive earnings per share</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Beginning balance</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ending balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Product Liability Contingency [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_PurchaseObligation" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation" xlink:to="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20230430.xsd#IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding" xlink:label="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding" xlink:to="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Performance bonds outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherIncome_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding" xlink:to="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Disbursement prefunding.</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" xlink:to="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury stock, value, restricted common stock purchased from employees.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries" xlink:to="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income Loss Including Portion Attributable To Redeemable Non Controlling Interest And Non Controlling Interest In Subsidiaries</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued to related party during period value stock options exercised.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DisbursementPrefundingPrepaidExpensesOtherCurrentAssetsAndOtherAssets" xlink:to="IDT_DisbursementPrefundingPrepaidExpensesOtherCurrentAssetsAndOtherAssets_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_DisbursementPrefundingPrepaidExpensesOtherCurrentAssetsAndOtherAssets_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Disbursement prefunding prepaid expenses other current assets and other assets.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset" xlink:to="IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Equity investments included in current assets.</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" xlink:to="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Contingent consideration included in other liabilities.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FintechMember" xlink:to="IDT_FintechMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" xlink:to="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">National Retail Solutions [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_Net2phoneMember" xlink:to="IDT_Net2phoneMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense" xlink:to="IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Fair value measurement on recurring basis, interest expense.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds" xlink:to="IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Investment in hedge funds.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount" xlink:to="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Variable interest entity net income losst amount</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" xlink:to="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Variable interest entity aggregate funding repaid to provided by reporting entity.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpenseNetTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpenseNetTableTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpenseNetTableTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Other Operating Expense Net [Table Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FintechGovernmentGrants" xlink:to="IDT_FintechGovernmentGrants_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_FintechGovernmentGrants_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Fintech&amp;#8212; government grants.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability" xlink:to="IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Business combination contingent consideration arrangements change in amount of contingent consideration liability.</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_Net2PhoneOtherNet_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Net2phone other, net.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional communications other.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TDBankMember" xlink:to="IDT_TDBankMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TDBankMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">TD Bank [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTTelecomMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTTelecomMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Performance bonus paid in cash stock.</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Stock Units [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EmployeeMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Employee [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_HowardSJonasMember" xlink:to="IDT_HowardSJonasMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of stock percentage of subsidiary equity issued in transaction.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Financial Services Limited [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Payment Services [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_UniversalServiceFundMember" xlink:to="IDT_UniversalServiceFundMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_UniversalServiceFundMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Universal Service Fund [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember" xlink:to="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Federal Telecommunications Relay Services Fund [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding" xlink:to="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding_doc" xml:lang="en-US">In certain circumstances, the company is required to provide performance bonds in connection with its contractual commitments. Company has indemnified the surety for any expenses paid out under these performance bonds.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Equity Investments [Table Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ZedgeIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_ZedgeIncMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeIncMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Zedge Inc [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember" xlink:to="IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Other Marketable Equity Securities [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Series C Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VisaIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_VisaIncMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_VisaIncMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Visa Inc [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Visa Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Visa Class A Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of operating lease liability [Table Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer" xlink:to="IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Visa Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed" xlink:to="IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Amount of recognized unrealized gain (loss) net on equity securities redeemed (FV-NI).</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Series B Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" xlink:to="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investee [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OtherMember" xlink:to="IDT_OtherMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_OtherMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Other [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference" xlink:to="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization of equity method basis difference.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Equity method investment summarized statements of operations [Table Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember" xlink:to="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">BOSS Revolution Money Transfer [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember" xlink:to="IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">BOSS Revolution Calling [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTGlobalMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTGlobalMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IDTGlobalMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Global [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OthersMember" xlink:to="IDT_OthersMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_OthersMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Other [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Rafael Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Zedge Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" xlink:to="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Number of related party shares received.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_UnrestrictedCommonClassBOfRafaelHoldingsIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_UnrestrictedCommonClassBOfRafaelHoldingsIncMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_UnrestrictedCommonClassBOfRafaelHoldingsIncMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Unrestricted Common Class B of Rafael Holdings Inc [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice" xlink:to="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Share based compensation arrangements by share based payment award option exercise price.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued during period shares used for stock options exercised.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued during period shares used for tax withholding.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingDeferredInPeriod" xlink:to="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingDeferredInPeriod_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingDeferredInPeriod_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award equity instruments other than options vesting deferred in period.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock" xlink:to="IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Conversion of equity method investments secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Digital Payments [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">EMI Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember" xlink:to="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Indemnification Agreement [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FourHundreadAndOnekPlanMember" xlink:to="IDT_FourHundreadAndOnekPlanMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_FourHundreadAndOnekPlanMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">401 (k) Plan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AprilTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember" xlink:to="IDT_AprilTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_AprilTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">April 2023 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FebruaryTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember" xlink:to="IDT_FebruaryTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_FebruaryTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">February 2023 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications Segment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional communications contingent consideration liability.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim, paid.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimToBePaid" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimToBePaid_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimToBePaid_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim, reminder.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod" xlink:to="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Vesting period.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OthersMember" xlink:to="IDT_OthersMember_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_OthersMember_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other [Member] [Default Label]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investee [Member] [Default Label]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Assets, Current</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities, Current</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repayments of Other Debt</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Period Increase (Decrease), Including Exchange Rate Effect</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssued1_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Year Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">2023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--07-31<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">1-16371<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">IDT
CORPORATION<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001005731<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">22-3415036<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">520
    Broad Street<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Newark<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NJ<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">07102<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(973)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">438-1000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Class
    B common stock, par value $.01 per share<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">IDT<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus', window );">Entity Current Reporting Status</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent', window );">Entity Interactive Data Current</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory', window );">Entity Filer Category</a></td>
<td class="text">Accelerated Filer<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness', window );">Entity Small Business</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityShellCompany', window );">Entity Shell Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,574,326<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,922,011<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fiscal period values are FY, Q1, Q2, and Q3.  1st, 2nd and 3rd quarter 10-Q or 10-QT statements have value Q1, Q2, and Q3 respectively, with 10-K, 10-KT or other fiscal year statements having FY.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>dei:fiscalPeriodItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal year of the document report in YYYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as an quarterly report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-Q<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 308<br> -Subsection a<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentTransitionReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a transition report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 20-F<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13<br> -Subsection a-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentTransitionReport</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: Large Accelerated Filer, Accelerated Filer, Non-accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:filerCategoryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-T<br> -Number 232<br> -Section 405<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityShellCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityShellCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates that the company is a Smaller Reporting Company (SRC).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntitySmallBusiness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>12
<FILENAME>R2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717676190928">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 90,722<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 98,352<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">94,321<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">91,210<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,987<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,303<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,776<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,091<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $6,133 at April 30, 2023 and $5,882 at July 31, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">65,942<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64,315<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisbursementPrefunding', window );">Disbursement prefunding</a></td>
<td class="nump">40,428<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,057<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,575<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,526<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,211<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,773<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">389,962<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">362,627<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property, plant, and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">39,083<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,866<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Goodwill</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,596<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,380<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Other intangibles, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,483<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,609<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,263<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,426<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset', window );">Operating lease right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,141<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,210<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet', window );">Deferred income tax assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">27,501<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,701<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,197<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,275<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">518,226<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">497,094<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Trade accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">29,715<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29,080<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">109,177<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">117,109<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">33,910<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,531<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent', window );">Customer deposits</a></td>
<td class="nump">86,111<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">85,764<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">42,762<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,588<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">301,675<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">305,072<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,572<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,606<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,527<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,588<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">308,774<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">316,266<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies', window );">Commitments and contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount', window );">Redeemable noncontrolling interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,449<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,191<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue', window );">Preferred stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares&#8212;10,000; no shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">300,328<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">296,005<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue', window );">Treasury stock, at cost, consisting of 1,698 and 1,698 shares of Class A common stock and 3,906 and 3,613 shares of Class B common stock at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, respectively</a></td>
<td class="num">(109,410)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(101,565)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(14,475)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,305)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,685<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,830)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">193,439<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">167,615<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest', window );">Noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,564<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,022<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Total equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">199,003<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">170,637<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest, and equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">518,226<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">497,094<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Common stock, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Common stock, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 278<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 277<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_DisbursementPrefunding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disbursement prefunding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DisbursementPrefunding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accumulated change in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, net of tax effect, at period end. Excludes Net Income (Loss), and accumulated changes in equity from transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Includes foreign currency translation items, certain pension adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on certain investments in debt and equity securities, other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses related to factors other than credit losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities that an entity does not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis, as well as changes in the fair value of derivatives related to the effective portion of a designated cash flow hedge.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669686-108580<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124501264&amp;loc=SL117420844-207641<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124501264&amp;loc=SL117420844-207641<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e681-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of excess of issue price over par or stated value of stock and from other transaction involving stock or stockholder. Includes, but is not limited to, additional paid-in capital (APIC) for common and preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(11))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI 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Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> 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-Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116870748&amp;loc=SL6758485-165988<br><br>Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(18))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold, or consumed within one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer). Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 4: 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FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116870748&amp;loc=SL6758485-165988<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(9))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the caption on the face of the balance sheet to indicate that the entity has entered into (1) purchase or supply arrangements that will require expending a portion of its resources to meet the terms thereof, and (2) is exposed to potential losses or, less frequently, gains, arising from (a) possible claims against a company's resources due to future performance under contract terms, and (b) possible losses or likely gains from uncertainties that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events that are deemed likely to occur do occur or fail to occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.25)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03.(a),19)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.17)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126919976&amp;loc=SL49130531-203044<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126919976&amp;loc=SL49130532-203044<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity), and investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (trading), classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, with jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123427490&amp;loc=d3e31931-109318<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123427490&amp;loc=d3e31917-109318<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current portion, due within one year or one operating cycle, if longer, of deposits held other than customer deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI), classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(2))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123594786&amp;loc=SL75136599-209740<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Goodwill">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121556970&amp;loc=d3e13816-109267<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(10)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121556970&amp;loc=d3e13816-109267<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122137925&amp;loc=d3e14258-109268<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99380562&amp;loc=d3e13770-109266<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(15))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Goodwill</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Liabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all liabilities that are recognized. Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of an entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19-26)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI 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Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123419778&amp;loc=d3e5710-111685<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Liabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(23))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(25))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(32))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124433192&amp;loc=SL2890621-112765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount of investments that are intended to be held for an extended period of time (longer than one operating cycle).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(12))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which is directly or indirectly attributable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (that is, noncontrolling interest, previously referred to as minority interest).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's right to use underlying asset under operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated amortization of finite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.24)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable preferred stock (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable preferred shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits within a future period of one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6387103&amp;loc=d3e6435-108320<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126905020&amp;loc=d3e5879-108316<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(7))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124429447&amp;loc=SL124453093-239630<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount due to the entity within one year of the balance sheet date (or one operating cycle, if longer) from outside sources, including trade accounts receivable, notes and loans receivable, as well as any other types of receivables, net of allowances established for the purpose of reducing such receivables to an amount that approximates their net realizable value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-06(3))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120401414&amp;loc=d3e604059-122996<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>As of the reporting date, the aggregate carrying amount of all noncontrolling interests which are redeemable by the (parent) entity (1) at a fixed or determinable price on a fixed or determinable date, (2) at the option of the holder of the noncontrolling interest, or (3) upon occurrence of an event that is not solely within the control of the (parent) entity. This item includes noncontrolling interest holder's ownership (or holders' ownership) regardless of the type of equity interest (common, preferred, other) including all potential organizational (legal) forms of the investee entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Subparagraph (16)(c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122040564&amp;loc=SL6540498-122764<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Subparagraph 15<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122040564&amp;loc=SL6540498-122764<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Subparagraph (12)(c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122040564&amp;loc=SL6540498-122764<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Subparagraph 14<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122040564&amp;loc=SL6540498-122764<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cumulative amount of the reporting entity's undistributed earnings or deficit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124501264&amp;loc=SL117420844-207641<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120397183&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(i)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124501264&amp;loc=SL117420844-207641<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of stockholders' equity (deficit), net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity, attributable to both the parent and noncontrolling interests. Amount excludes temporary equity. Alternate caption for the concept is permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124436220&amp;loc=d3e21930-107793<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120397183&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 23<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124436220&amp;loc=d3e21914-107793<br><br>Reference 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250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22499-107794<br><br>Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128097895&amp;loc=SL121327923-165333<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount allocated to treasury stock. Treasury stock is common and preferred shares of an entity that were issued, repurchased by the entity, and are held in its treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6405834&amp;loc=d3e23315-112656<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29,30)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6405813&amp;loc=d3e23239-112655<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717673296832">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)<br> shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent', window );">Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable current</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,133<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,882<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Preferred stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued', window );">Preferred stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,272<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,272<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Common stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,574<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,574<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares', window );">Treasury stock shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,698<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,698<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">27,798<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,725<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Common stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,892<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,112<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares', window );">Treasury stock shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,906<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,613<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123577603&amp;loc=d3e5074-111524<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124255206&amp;loc=SL82895884-210446<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(4))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of preferred stock nonredeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=SL123496158-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) issued to shareholders (includes related preferred shares that were issued, repurchased, and remain in the treasury). May be all or portion of the number of preferred shares authorized. Excludes preferred shares that are classified as debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=SL123496158-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of common and preferred shares that were previously issued and that were repurchased by the issuing entity and held in treasury on the financial statement date. This stock has no voting rights and receives no dividends.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29,30)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6405813&amp;loc=d3e23239-112655<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717675388912">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) - USD ($)<br> shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Statement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 299,295<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 328,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 935,047<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,035,494<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Costs and expenses:</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpenses', window );">Direct cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">210,250<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">247,565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">664,281<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">796,516<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">68,574<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">62,772<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">202,591<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">183,948<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">5,185<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,509<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,986<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,333<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1', window );">Severance</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">145<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">458<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">67<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total costs and expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">284,154<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">314,846<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">882,316<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">993,864<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Other operating expense, net (see Note 10)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(4,764)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(179)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,948)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(709)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Income from operations</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">10,377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,328<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,783<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,921<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Interest income, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">709<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">85<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,029<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">217<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other expense, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(382)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,068)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,610)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(24,234)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Income before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">10,704<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,345<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,202<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,904<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Provision for income taxes</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(2,960)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,239)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(12,594)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,887)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,744<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,106<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,608<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,017<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(854)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(335)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,093)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,231)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net income attributable to IDT Corporation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,890<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,771<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 32,515<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,786<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Basic</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.27<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.18<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.27<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.38<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Diluted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.27<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.18<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.27<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.37<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted-average number of shares used in calculation of earnings per share:</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Basic</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">25,518<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,901<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,544<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,706<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Diluted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">25,612<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,205<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,589<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,455<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Stock-based compensation
    included in selling, general and administrative expenses</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current period expense charged against earnings on long-lived, physical assets not used in production, and which are not intended for resale, to allocate or recognize the cost of such assets over their useful lives; or to record the reduction in book value of an intangible asset over the benefit period of such asset; or to reflect consumption during the period of an asset that is not used in production.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (e)(4)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126732423&amp;loc=SL123482106-238011<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22583-107794<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22694-107794<br><br>Reference 4: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 940<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126941158&amp;loc=d3e41242-110953<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(8))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399901&amp;loc=d3e537907-122884<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8924-108599<br><br>Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.7)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32672-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22663-107794<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123586238&amp;loc=d3e38679-109324<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22658-107794<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of operating interest income (expense).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04.10)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 34: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 35: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of Net Income (Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>debit</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of income or expense from ancillary business-related activities (that is to say, excluding major activities considered part of the normal operations of the business).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Excludes Selling, General and Administrative Expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpenses</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8924-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of other operating income and expenses, the components of which are not separately disclosed on the income statement, from items that are associated with the entity's normal revenue producing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI 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-SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9038-108599<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.4)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses for special or contractual termination benefits provided to current employees involuntarily terminated under a benefit arrangement associated exit or disposal activities pursuant to an authorized plan. Excludes expenses related to one-time termination benefits, a discontinued operation or an asset retirement obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1505-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1448-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717673273520">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Statement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Share based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,679<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,245<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,840<span></span>
</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717675663184">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Statement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,744<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,106<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 35,608<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,017<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract', window );"><strong>Other comprehensive income (loss):</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax', window );">Change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">115<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(224)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">81<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(547)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustments</a></td>
<td class="num">(879)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(29)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,251)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(611)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(764)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(253)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,170)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,158)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Comprehensive income</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,980<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,853<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,438<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,859<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(854)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(335)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,093)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,231)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax', window );">Comprehensive income attributable to IDT Corporation</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,126<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,518<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29,345<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,628<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(22))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(24))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e557-108580<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(26))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), attributable to noncontrolling interests. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(21))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(25))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4K<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120409616&amp;loc=SL4591552-111686<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126929396&amp;loc=SL4613674-111683<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(23))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126929396&amp;loc=SL4569643-111683<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4K<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120409616&amp;loc=SL4591552-111686<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(20))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126929396&amp;loc=SL4569616-111683<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(22))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(24))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax, before reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123602790&amp;loc=d3e30304-110892<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126980362&amp;loc=d3e28129-110885<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=118261656&amp;loc=d3e32022-110900<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (a-c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431353&amp;loc=SL124442407-227067<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=118261656&amp;loc=d3e32136-110900<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124507222&amp;loc=d3e1436-108581<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=118261656&amp;loc=d3e32211-110900<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450520&amp;loc=d3e32583-110901<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431353&amp;loc=SL124442411-227067<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(23))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPeriodIncreaseDecreaseAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax and before adjustment, of unrealized holding gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale). Excludes unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity) from transfer to available-for-sale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669646-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109239629&amp;loc=SL4573702-111684<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22663-107794<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI 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Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3000-108585<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126929396&amp;loc=SL4569616-111683<br><br>Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
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<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717675551760">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Total</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Common Stock [Member] </div>
<div>Common Class A [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Common Stock [Member] </div>
<div>Common Class B [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Treasury Stock [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Retained Earnings [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Noncontrolling Interest [Member]</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Beginning balance value at Jul. 31, 2021</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 166,614<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 264<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 278,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (60,413)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (10,183)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (42,858)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,750<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees', window );">Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees</a></td>
<td class="num">(8,974)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,974)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,840<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,837<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders', window );">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(359)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(359)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options by Howard S. Jonas</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,858)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,920<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(18,788)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions', window );">Business acquisition</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,158)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,158)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,918<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,786<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,132<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Ending balance value at Apr. 30, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">166,160<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">277<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">295,915<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(88,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,341)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(33,072)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,523<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">137<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Beginning balance value at Jan. 31, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">162,980<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">267<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">278,613<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(69,387)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,088)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(37,843)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,385<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,245<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,245<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders', window );">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(161)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(161)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options by Howard S. Jonas</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,858)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,920<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(18,788)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions', window );">Business acquisition</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(253)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(253)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,070<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,771<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">299<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Ending balance value at Apr. 30, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">166,160<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">277<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">295,915<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(88,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,341)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(33,072)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,523<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">137<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Beginning balance value at Jul. 31, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">170,637<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">277<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">296,005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(101,565)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,305)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,830)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,022<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram', window );">Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program</a></td>
<td class="num">(7,506)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,506)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees', window );">Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees</a></td>
<td class="num">(339)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(339)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,536<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders', window );">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(293)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(293)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther', window );">Stock issued to certain executive officers for bonus payments</a></td>
<td class="nump">615<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">615<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,170)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,170)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,350<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,515<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,835<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Ending balance value at Apr. 30, 2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">199,003<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">278<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300,328<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(109,410)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,475)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,685<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,564<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Beginning balance value at Jan. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">193,014<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">278<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">298,649<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(106,906)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,711)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,795<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,876<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram', window );">Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,500)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,500)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees', window );">Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees</a></td>
<td class="num">(4)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,679<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,679<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders', window );">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(106)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(106)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(764)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(764)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,684<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,890<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">794<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Ending balance value at Apr. 30, 2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 199,003<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 278<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 300,328<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (109,410)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (14,475)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 16,685<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,564<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net Income Loss Including Portion Attributable To Redeemable Non Controlling Interest And Non Controlling Interest In Subsidiaries</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock issued to related party during period value stock options exercised.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Treasury stock, value, repurchases of common stock through repurchase program.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Treasury stock, value, restricted common stock purchased from employees.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of other increase (decrease) in additional paid in capital (APIC).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase to additional paid-in capital (APIC) for recognition of cost for award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126964447&amp;loc=d3e11149-113907<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126964447&amp;loc=d3e11178-113907<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126961718&amp;loc=d3e4534-113899<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Decrease in noncontrolling interest balance from payment of dividends or other distributions by the non-wholly owned subsidiary or partially owned entity, included in the consolidation of the parent entity, to the noncontrolling interest holders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120397183&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431353&amp;loc=SL124442407-227067<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=118261656&amp;loc=d3e32136-110900<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124507222&amp;loc=d3e1436-108581<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=118261656&amp;loc=d3e32211-110900<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450520&amp;loc=d3e32583-110901<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431353&amp;loc=SL124442411-227067<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(23))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued pursuant to acquisitions during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120397183&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-31)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued as a result of the exercise of stock options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120397183&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-31)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of stockholders' equity (deficit), net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity, attributable to both the parent and noncontrolling interests. Amount excludes temporary equity. Alternate caption for the concept is permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124436220&amp;loc=d3e21930-107793<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120397183&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 23<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124436220&amp;loc=d3e21914-107793<br><br>Reference 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-SubTopic 10<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126987489&amp;loc=SL124442142-165695<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 105<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126987489&amp;loc=SL124442142-165695<br><br>Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126929396&amp;loc=SL4568740-111683<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (e)(3)<br> -URI 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717672954960">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 35,608<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,017<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,986<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,333<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits', window );">Deferred income taxes</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,624<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts', window );">Provision for doubtful accounts receivable</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,180<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,578<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesGainLoss', window );">Net unrealized loss from marketable securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,151<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,705<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,840<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense', window );">Other</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,114<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,486<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>Change in assets and liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable', window );">Trade accounts receivable</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,084)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,461)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisbursementPrefundingPrepaidExpensesOtherCurrentAssetsAndOtherAssets', window );">Disbursement prefunding, prepaid expenses, other current assets, and other assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(27,043)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(20,504)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities', window );">Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses, other current liabilities, and other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(6,220)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,566)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities', window );">Customer deposits at IDT Financial Services Limited (Gibraltar-based bank)</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,570)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,843)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,160)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(948)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by operating activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">28,699<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,261<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Investing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Capital expenditures</a></td>
<td class="num">(16,033)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,794)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Purchase of convertible preferred stock in equity method investment</a></td>
<td class="num">(168)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,051)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired', window );">Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,546)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities', window );">Purchases of debt securities and equity investments</a></td>
<td class="num">(44,166)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,277)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities', window );">Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">34,309<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,752<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net cash used in investing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(26,058)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(25,916)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Financing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution', window );">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(293)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(359)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromOtherDebt', window );">Proceeds from other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,301<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt', window );">Repayment of other liabilities.</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,031)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,319)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit', window );">Proceeds from borrowings under revolving credit facility</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,383<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,566<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit', window );">Repayment of borrowings under revolving credit facility.</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,383)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,566)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfInterestInCorporateUnit', window );">Proceeds from sale of redeemable equity in subsidiary</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Proceeds from exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock', window );">Repurchases of Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="num">(7,845)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(12,832)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash used in financing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(9,697)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,072)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,093)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,519)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(28,820)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">189,562<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">226,916<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">185,043<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">198,096<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract', window );"><strong>Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Conversion of equity method investment&#8217;s secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,038<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssued1', window );">Stock issued to certain executive officers for bonus payments</a></td>
<td class="nump">615<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionValueOfLiabilitiesAssumed1', window );">Liabilities incurred for acquisitions</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,849<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1', window );">Shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock issued for acquisition</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationReceived1', window );">Cashless exercise of stock options in exchange for shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,930<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Conversion of equity method investments secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_DisbursementPrefundingPrepaidExpensesOtherCurrentAssetsAndOtherAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disbursement prefunding prepaid expenses other current assets and other assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DisbursementPrefundingPrepaidExpensesOtherCurrentAssetsAndOtherAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including effect from exchange rate change. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123444420&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) and income tax credits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current period expense charged against earnings on long-lived, physical assets not used in production, and which are not intended for resale, to allocate or recognize the cost of such assets over their useful lives; or to record the reduction in book value of an intangible asset over the benefit period of such asset; or to reflect consumption during the period of an asset that is not used in production.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) from effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; held in foreign currencies. Excludes amounts for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123444420&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the amounts payable to vendors for goods and services received and the amount of obligations and expenses incurred but not paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in amount due within one year (or one business cycle) from customers for the credit sale of goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 310<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126938201&amp;loc=d3e55415-109406<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in current liabilities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized and realized gain (loss) on investment in marketable security, including other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesGainLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionValueOfLiabilitiesAssumed1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount of [all] liabilities that an Entity assumes in acquiring a business or in consideration for an asset received in a noncash (or part noncash) acquisition. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that affect recognized assets or liabilities but that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4313-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionValueOfLiabilitiesAssumed1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (expense) included in net income that results in no cash inflow (outflow), classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of the noncash (or part noncash) consideration given (for example, liability, equity) in a transaction. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of a transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4313-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationReceived1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of the noncash (or part noncash) consideration received in a transaction. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of a transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4313-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationReceived1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow to reacquire common stock during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3291-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash outflow to owners or shareholders, excluding ordinary dividends. Includes special dividends.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3291-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of a business, net of the cash acquired from the purchase.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the purchase of or advances to an equity method investments, which are investments in joint ventures and entities in which the entity has an equity ownership interest normally of 20 to 50 percent and exercises significant influence.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow for purchase of marketable security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124260329&amp;loc=d3e26853-111562<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from contractual arrangement with the lender, including but not limited to, letter of credit, standby letter of credit and revolving credit arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromOtherDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from debt classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromOtherDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the aggregate amount received by the entity through sale or maturity of marketable securities (held-to-maturity or available-for-sale) during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfInterestInCorporateUnit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow resulting from the sale of an interest in a corporate unit during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfInterestInCorporateUnit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from exercise of option under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=SL79508275-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI 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-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 29: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 30: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109239629&amp;loc=SL4573702-111684<br><br>Reference 31: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4J<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120409616&amp;loc=SL4591551-111686<br><br>Reference 32: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4K<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120409616&amp;loc=SL4591552-111686<br><br>Reference 33: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431687&amp;loc=d3e22658-107794<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (reversal of expense) for expected credit loss on accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124255953&amp;loc=SL82919249-210447<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow for payment of an obligation from a lender, including but not limited to, letter of credit, standby letter of credit and revolving credit arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3291-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow for the payment of debt classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3291-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssued1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The fair value of stock issued in noncash financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=d3e4313-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssued1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717677527344">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Basis of Presentation<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock', window );">Basis of Presentation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock_zgMv85xtJ2pf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
1&#8212;<span id="xdx_82A_zIAjJFgwBs5">Basis of Presentation</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of IDT Corporation and its subsidiaries (the &#8220;Company&#8221; or &#8220;IDT&#8221;)
have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;)
for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include
all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments
(consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the
three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending
July 31, 2023. The balance sheet at July 31, 2022 has been derived from the Company&#8217;s audited financial statements at that date
but does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information,
please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s fiscal year ends on July 31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending
in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2023 refers to the fiscal year ending July 31, 2023).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for the business description and basis of presentation concepts. Business description describes the nature and type of organization including but not limited to organizational structure as may be applicable to holding companies, parent and subsidiary relationships, business divisions, business units, business segments, affiliates and information about significant ownership of the reporting entity. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS).</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717764197856">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Business Segment Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Business Segment Information</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock_zI1frg19bmw2" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
2&#8212;<span id="xdx_821_zX04mWke2HTf">Business Segment Information</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of August 1, 2022, the Company revised its reportable business segments primarily to reflect the growth of its financial technology businesses
and their increased contributions to the Company&#8217;s consolidated results. The Company&#8217;s <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--NumberOfReportableSegments_dc_uSegments_c20220801__20230430_ztfCEDrdOQja">four</span> reportable business segments,
Fintech, National Retail Solutions (&#8220;NRS&#8221;), net2phone, and Traditional Communications, reflect management&#8217;s current
approach to analyzing results, its resource allocation strategy, and its assessment of business performance. NRS was previously included
in the Company&#8217;s Fintech segment. In addition, certain lines of business were reclassified to the Fintech segment from the Traditional
Communications segment. Comparative segment information has been reclassified and restated in all periods to conform to the current period
presentation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s reportable segments are distinguished by types of service, customers, and methods used to provide their services. The
operating results of these business segments are regularly reviewed by the Company&#8217;s chief operating decision maker. The accounting
policies of the segments are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. There are no significant asymmetrical allocations
to segments. The Company evaluates the performance of its business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Fintech segment is comprised of BOSS Money, a provider of international money remittance and related value/payment transfer services,
as well as other, significantly smaller, financial services businesses, including Leaf Global Fintech Corporation (&#8220;Leaf&#8221;),
a provider of digital wallet services in emerging markets, a variable interest entity (&#8220;VIE&#8221;) that operates
money transfer businesses (see Note 9), and IDT Financial Services Limited (&#8220;IDT Financial Services&#8221;), the Company&#8217;s
Gibraltar-based bank.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
NRS segment is an operator of a nationwide point of sale (&#8220;POS&#8221;) network providing independent retailers with store management
software, electronic payment processing, and other ancillary merchant services. NRS&#8217; POS
platform provides marketers with digital out-of-home advertising and transaction data.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
net2phone segment is comprised of net2phone&#8217;s cloud communications offerings.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Traditional Communications segment includes IDT Digital Payments (formerly Mobile Top-Up), which enables customers to transfer
airtime and bundles of airtime, messaging, and data to international and domestic mobile accounts, BOSS Revolution Calling, an
international long-distance calling service marketed primarily to immigrant communities in the United States and Canada, and IDT
Global, a wholesale provider of international voice and SMS termination and outsourced traffic management solutions to telecoms
worldwide. Traditional Communications also includes other small businesses and offerings including early-stage business initiatives
and mature businesses in harvest mode.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
costs mainly include compensation, consulting fees, treasury, tax and accounting services, human resources, corporate purchasing, corporate
governance including Board of Directors&#8217; fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate
legal, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any
direct cost of revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zZNByvodmfAh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
results for the business segments of the Company were as follows:</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"/>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"/>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B8_zSiKSJkFXLLd" style="display: none">Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments</span></span></p>

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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
    Months Ended April 30, 2023</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zipZkSusd7P8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21,787</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Loss)
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zjxVyytEejhe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,079</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zmcT1s7YgMn6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(377</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zem9BugZSPga" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12,924</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_ztyDFtOydRfe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,931</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430_zfzdiu4fibyi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10,377</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
    Months Ended April 30, 2022</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zpLNWIAh03w5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17,215</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zkOCEyEUV1oi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11,383</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zpKnNWK2VdUd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15,555</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zJDCMdM9EClg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;284,200</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zdKtSS1hYe9i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0944">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430_zyjZMHpb13Y2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">328,353</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
    Months Ended April 30, 2022</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zzzNeIungPl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">46,044</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zPKe75EEBn95" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32,075</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zjx7hRqPFCh3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42,003</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_znvcLbk5b7d6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0992">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Loss)
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zaV6TGwJpKTc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4,978</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zU6Ul5MygcYa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,483</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zGCsFFWCdYte" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(9,315</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zP8di3OmEt4b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">57,804</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zVqguH6U34Hc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(7,073</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430_zlhxeio5Qlrl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40,921</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8AD_zcCQh8NkJ9I7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8924-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 34<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8981-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8721-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9031-108599<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 26<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8844-108599<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9038-108599<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 42<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e9054-108599<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8657-108599<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8721-108599<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2134510<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717764246896">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revenue Recognition<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock', window );">Revenue Recognition</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_zbvP7NxVbuRi" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
3&#8212;<span id="xdx_82C_zaBfLQCCxnJh">Revenue Recognition</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company earns revenue from contracts with customers, primarily through the provision of retail telecommunications and payment offerings
as well as wholesale international voice and SMS termination. BOSS Money, NRS, and net2phone are technology-driven, synergistic businesses
that leverage the Company&#8217;s core assets. BOSS Money and NRS&#8217; revenues are primarily recognized at a point in time, and net2phone&#8217;s
revenue is mainly recognized over time. Traditional Communications are mostly minute-based, paid-voice communications services, and revenue
is primarily recognized at a point in time. The Company&#8217;s most significant revenue streams are from IDT Digital Payments, BOSS Revolution
Calling, and IDT Global. IDT Digital Payments and BOSS Revolution Calling are sold direct-to-consumers and through distributors and retailers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Disaggregated
Revenues</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock_z0zm11a26Vfk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table shows the Company&#8217;s revenues disaggregated by business segment and service offered to customers:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span id="xdx_8BE_zz2vmXAoOh9d" style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Schedule
of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers</span></p>

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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
30,</b></span></p>

 <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/>

</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
    Money</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19,441</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTDigitalPaymentsMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_z7hsWHxWKOhi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionCallingMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zKRJB3XTtnJg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTGlobalMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zmMlYNzvmd1f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zktqfiv6vilj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p id="xdx_8AA_zM5qAhQSEPR8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zvDY2kJvYEVg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
following table shows the Company&#8217;s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_8B6_ze8rYpTlclEh" style="display: none">Schedule
of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"/>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Outside
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_zGRylykR90m7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United
    Kingdom</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1080">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1081">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1082">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">64,415</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_zfxJGVLCoMG7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1087">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8,821</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9,774</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19,258</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_zwGbYjIyottg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    outside the United States</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">663</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1093">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8,821</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">74,189</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">83,673</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zPN3qg4AFMZh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18,392</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;241,043</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">299,295</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zduUqd1OpHQa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"/>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49F_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zyZ1egTJ5iHg" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zUjOnB91l5Lf" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49B_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zrLC5vnfRln8" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_znOx4FsPbxQk" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49B_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zaD0vzYQrY4e" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_491_20220801__20230430_ztPIVK5BisUe" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;528,116</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Outside
    the United States:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_z7SEc6pIGMTb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United
    Kingdom</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1152">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1153">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1154">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">202,355</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">202,355</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_zesz1iNQdy4b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,004</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1159">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25,248</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32,237</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">59,489</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_zUzNPgBumCkh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    outside the United States</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,004</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1165">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25,248</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">234,592</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">261,844</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z9myr2S8ZlMg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">57,208</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">53,136</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">762,708</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">935,047</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z3e15DneSekj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_496_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zvTsiytlJGG9" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zQBGC0tgixI1" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_495_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_z7GspQs4uo9e" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_493_20210801__20220430_zEkynAbZoLP1" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zegbR10iegFb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Outside
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_zCatZipNSiE2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zHS82XRm3s4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zLhjZhazNhik" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,035,494</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
</table>

<p id="xdx_8AE_zEZfZT9AzLNg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Remaining
Performance Obligations </i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company does not have any significant revenue from performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous reporting periods.
The Company&#8217;s remaining performance obligations at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022 primarily had an original expected duration
of one year or less.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Accounts
Receivable and Contract Balances</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
timing of revenue recognition may differ from the time of billing to the Company&#8217;s customers. Trade accounts receivable in the
Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets represent unconditional rights to consideration. The Company would record a contract asset
when revenue is recognized in advance of its right to bill and receive consideration. The Company has not identified any contract assets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Contract
liabilities arise when the Company receives consideration or bills its customers prior to providing the goods or services promised in
the contract. The Company&#8217;s contract liability balance is primarily payments received for prepaid BOSS Revolution Calling. Contract
liabilities are recognized as revenue when services are provided to the customer. The contract liability balances are presented in the
Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets as &#8220;Deferred revenue&#8221;.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_z5zxcPirp9A2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents information about the Company&#8217;s contract liability balance:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B4_z7l6MamOfalk" style="display: none">Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_pn3n3_zSMsr8L3EFb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 36%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenue
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16,772</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18,751</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21,890</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25,437</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8AE_zeUdAv3z22Yi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Deferred
Customer Contract Acquisition and Fulfillment Costs</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes as an asset its incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer that it expects to recover.
The Company&#8217;s incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are sales commissions paid to employees and third
parties on sales to end users. If the amortization period were one year or less for the asset that would be recognized from
deferring these costs, the Company applies the practical expedient whereby the Company charges these costs to expense when incurred.
For net2phone sales, the Company defers these costs and amortizes them over the expected customer relationship period when it is
expected to exceed one year.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s costs to fulfill its contracts do not meet the criteria to be recognized as an asset, therefore these costs are charged
to expense as incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock_zIEC5HV1cxB5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B0_zoVRdBYnDWV" style="display: none">Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20230430_zLhvSRCDPkSa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220731_zKAtRZphILrg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>July
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_zA55GUlh66m7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
    customer contract acquisition costs included in &#8220;Other current assets&#8221;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,343</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,085</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_z4XsqVhEmD3a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,542</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,469</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCCNzHg2_zm95ZQunI5tj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7,885</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7,554</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8AE_zefi7g6ukqb1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89A_ecustom--AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock_zbkyX2qOrGb3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
The Company&#8217;s amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs during the periods were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_zF6Iv5OepTz3" style="display: none">Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"/>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                                                  <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
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                                                                  <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717764158528">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Leases<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Lessee Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock', window );">Leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_z0qapEB5FtOf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
4&#8212;<span id="xdx_820_zBdeZWURY046">Leases</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s leases primarily consist of operating leases for office space. These leases have remaining terms from less than <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20230430__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zqsIPaQsMera" title="Lessee, operating lease, term of contract">one year</span>
to <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20230430__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z7YWhrsGLICf" title="Lessee, operating lease, term of contract">five years</span>. net2phone also has operating leases for office equipment. Certain of these leases contain renewal options that may be
exercised and/or options to terminate the lease. The Company has concluded that it is not reasonably certain that it would exercise any
of these options.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
is the lessee under equipment leases that are classified as finance leases. The assets and liabilities related to these finance leases
are not material to the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company leases office and parking space in a building and parking garage located at 520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey that was previously
owned by the Company&#8217;s former subsidiary, Rafael Holdings, Inc. (&#8220;Rafael&#8221;). On August 22, 2022, Rafael sold the building
and parking garage to an unrelated third party. The Company&#8217;s lease in that building continues with the new owner. The Company
leases office space in Israel from Rafael. Howard S. Jonas, the Chairman of the Company (an executive officer position) and the Chairman
of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors, is also the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Executive Chairman of Rafael. <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--GeographicDistributionAxis__custom--NewarkMember_zEDAfuHg0Z77" title="Lessee operating lease, description">The Newark
lease expires in April 2025 and the Israel lease expires in July 2025</span>. In the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company
incurred lease costs of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_c20230201__20230430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zVpgaC9odWw9" title="Incurred lease cost">33,000</span> and $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zHIkP3PY7vz7" title="Incurred lease cost">0.2</span> million, respectively, in connection with the Rafael leases, which excludes Newark lease costs
after August 22, 2022. In the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company incurred lease costs of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20220201__20220430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_z4wzUBQvEVy3" title="Incurred lease cost">0.5</span> million and $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zoOTzHDSkP2" title="Incurred lease cost">1.4</span> million,
respectively, in connection with the Rafael leases. Lease costs incurred in connection with the Rafael leases is included in operating
lease cost in the table below.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_z2WIqx2C4DAf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental
disclosures related to the Company&#8217;s operating leases were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B8_zZvqmdpettJ5" style="display: none">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn3n3_zNbMGdxMHT7e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">817</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,130</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--ShortTermLeaseCost_pn3n3_z381rUAu0Fgk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">256</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">877</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LeaseCost_pn3n3_zEyyyJzU5Fvj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    lease cost</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,073</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,020</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_z0qI4T62SOc3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
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  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_z6tb0NpQ4Xvj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
    paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases</span> </td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">2,089</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A1_zADw3LPde7bg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_899_ecustom--ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_zgUNv5JH7o58" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BD_z7j8Usmjr15e" style="display: none">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                                                                                                           30, </b></span><b>2023</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>July
                                            31, </b></span><b>2022</b></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted-average
    remaining lease term-operating leases</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20230430_zJUNmprtJuK2" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term">2.5</span>
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    years</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted-average
    discount rate-operating leases</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230430_zA3Mwy0POeoh" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent">3.6</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20220731_zFSxFN5T1DO3" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent">3.0</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A3_zULLkFmspaW9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company obtained right-of-use assets of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430_zU32VGOX5u0g" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities">1.7</span> million and $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430_zJ0dWvuabOBj" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities">2.2</span> million, respectively,
in exchange for new operating lease liabilities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_897_ecustom--ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_zcHWQqQAWiZ9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_z3IofdMqMDQh" style="display: none">Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230430_zmCjBuzTGukc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                                                                                                           30, </b></span><b>2023</b></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220731_zt7txQD4yvw1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>July
                                            31, </b></span><b>2022</b></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="5" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zdz32Xl36cPa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,811</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,899</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zHxy9pevmZ33" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8A5_zbC3NDchTMA5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zhUZ9BkPcDMe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Future
minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BC_zGVK43bkSWWj" style="display: none">Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49D_20230430_zljWjOViz739" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zxP9u5Htk5Ie" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zk7Is80hjoj2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2025</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,658</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_z1QcmEgymZ1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2026</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">569</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zHj4b1R2l5n4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2027</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">379</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zD5yjk8L6GG9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2028</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">95</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zHB89s6eFIS3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Thereafter</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_pn3n3_mtLOLLPzXtU_z3rGCkwI7CY5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    lease payments</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,702</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_pn3n3_di_zPoPfZP16Rd7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Less
    imputed interest</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(319</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    operating lease liabilities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,383</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8A7_zmNhXZEt8Vaf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for operating leases of lessee. Includes, but is not limited to, description of operating lease and maturity analysis of operating lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&amp;trid=77888251<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717764183712">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock_zoMUxb5VuW61" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
5&#8212;<span><span id="xdx_820_z50ipCrJEtI5">Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_zUlFSzhVcN8l" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated
balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_zW2ai2y5w2tb" style="display: none">Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230430_zWnj101aXgZi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                                                                                                           30, 2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220731_znhIvUILejf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>July
                                                                                                                           31, 2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z8OU5fW27DH6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
    and cash equivalents</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">90,722</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">98,352</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z2KwSPAdF9x6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Restricted
    cash and cash equivalents</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">94,321</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">91,210</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCERCzDIV_zyAyWqTW4fS9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">185,043</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">189,562</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A1_z096jsBE98d4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, restricted cash and cash equivalents included $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_zNhU1TPMWq62" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current">86.9</span> million and $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20220731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_zfqOOJVs5Wm2" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current">86.6</span> million, respectively, in restricted
cash and cash equivalents for customer deposits held by IDT Financial Services. Certain of the electronic money financial services regulations
in Gibraltar require IDT Financial Services to safeguard cash held for customer deposits, segregate cash held for customer deposits from
any other cash that IDT Financial Services holds and utilize the cash only for the intended payment transaction.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Company
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company treats unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of New York, LLC, which
provide the Company&#8217;s international money transfer services in the United States, as substantially restricted and unavailable for
other purposes. At April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, &#8220;Cash and cash equivalents&#8221; in the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance
sheets included an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zCuMp5woF3w7" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value">16.9</span> million and $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20220731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zaTBHPIh9Yta" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value">17.3</span> million, respectively, held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services
of New York, LLC, that was unavailable for other purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for cash and cash equivalent footnotes, which may include the types of deposits and money market instruments, applicable carrying amounts, restricted amounts and compensating balance arrangements. Cash and equivalents include: (1) currency on hand (2) demand deposits with banks or financial institutions (3) other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits (4) short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Generally, only investments maturing within three months from the date of acquisition qualify.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717675700704">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Debt Securities<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesTradingAndAvailableForSaleAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Securities, Trading and Available-for-Sale [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Debt Securities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_zEKf3pT6jEYd" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
6&#8212;<span id="xdx_826_zym4R85WsTc3">Debt Securities</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_zm2BCJPy50E" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following is a summary of available-for-sale debt securities:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_zi1WPKbZOmf" style="display: none">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">Certificates
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">$</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zfYRQZ4r5NVg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">$</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zMngzJCiMiS8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">(1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zO9WooI9H9e2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">4,083</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 36%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zGiSC8UgFej5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30,560</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z4qakWqbEEQ1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">85</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z92uhN8OEPld" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(93</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zigujigZ9Ndk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30,552</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Government
    sponsored enterprises notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zaB95Rp7kZHd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,858</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_z1C10t6YebS9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1374">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zNtAvq7J8A34" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(6</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zEeBR91XQ45f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,852</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zsobe6zrXfhh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,954</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zfmPx3x2sS56" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zdaOPh5QoD9i" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(456</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zEmmMSS2yd4k" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,500</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 20pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zHTd2aHzZdGf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42,452</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zO4XHMVSA4c3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">91</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430_zL0iD5wNMOo5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(556</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zN66MhuYHAIl" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41,987</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    31, 2022:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificates
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zfFTw3L8u62l" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(14</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____z82ooL3T9qjk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,986</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13,848</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1406">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zlsvyvyZYISh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(114</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13,734</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,966</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zQ9elQKp2g3g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(416</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,551</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Municipal
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,035</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1422">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zmbT8JzVe7Ic" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,032</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 20pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22,849</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731_zfuZdoWVBqZ9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(547</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22,303</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td id="xdx_F05_zUQfp1I44ufg" style="text-align: right; width: 15pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F1D_zGzVhgeqZhdc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each of the Company&#8217;s certificates of deposit has a CUSIP,
was purchased in the secondary market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.</span></td></tr>
</table>


<p id="xdx_8A0_zgdlWdR5RcL7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proceeds
from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments were $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20230201__20230430_zA4ZJOe5qtc3" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale">6.8</span> million and $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20220201__20220430_zJmTlSPsvdx1" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale">1.7</span> million in the three months
ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430_zkqBl7x3szCh" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale">34.3</span> million and $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430_z4JICtPm58ja" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale">7.8</span> million in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
There were no realized gains or realized losses from sales of debt securities in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022.
The Company uses the specific identification method in computing the realized gains and realized losses on the sales of debt securities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_896_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_zxKMCIV2Pw3b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
contractual maturities of the Company&#8217;s available-for-sale debt securities at April 30, 2023 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_zsEj7ztn5cj3" style="display: none">Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230430_z4eW8WfylMOk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
    Value</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
                                            thousands)</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_maAFSSDzAdz_zpy0gZRJCOm2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Within
    one year</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34,705</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zXI0A3w8EGlc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
    one year through five years</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,109</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zB6DoCxywAj6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
    five years through ten years</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,127</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zpsSDCg57gEe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
    ten years</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">46</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iTI_pn3n3_mtAFSSDzAdz_zRlbonFntkMd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41,987</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A6_zWUEtEhWEeNa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock_zHjRM6YAOkGk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;The
following available-for-sale debt securities were in an unrealized loss position for which other-than-temporary impairments were not
recognized:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_zDElhpiLXxe" style="display: none">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
    Value</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    30, 2023:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify">Certificates of deposit</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zXYREz1VylH5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">1</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_za1QbAXXiqP1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position">960</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zvhyG3ms1hkf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">93</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zJXZ1H4LSd8d" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15,998</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Government
    sponsored enterprises notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zvdIAT7q4ntc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zuWVXNPS1Lyl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,852</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zI5ozKJmhq4k" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">456</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zsMxI2UuVpxb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,444</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zXN4q8Hgj8h" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24,254</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificates
    of deposit</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,986</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">114</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13,734</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">416</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,514</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Municipal
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,412</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">547</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21,646</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8AB_zDealVvUcNh7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"/>

<p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zeZ9SMMh48Mk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following available-for-sale debt securities included in the tables above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months
or longer:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B4_zxisUB1GWxk5" style="display: none">Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Unrealized</b></span></p>
                                               <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Losses</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Fair
                                            Value</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="5" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
                                            thousands)</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    30, 2023:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zrVUtgY1cXCh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">78</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_ziPqG3zsGqIj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">880</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zr677wzhfzEd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">454</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_z18Bh70AoUD1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,400</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zswjwEh1EF3d" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">532</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zjxjRcpxmUTg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,280</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    31, 2022:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">72</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">892</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,731</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8A3_znM8QI52Zr57" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, the Company did not intend to sell any of the debt securities included in the table above, and it is
not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell any of these securities before recovery of the unrealized losses,
which may be at maturity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717677333216">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity Investments<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock', window );">Equity Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock_zwWx2JGlEK51" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
7&#8212;<span id="xdx_82B_zxqRBpoaOc6b">Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89C_ecustom--ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock_z20ewXIg2Vh2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
investments consist of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_zFeSZ2Uz7gof" style="display: none">Schedule of Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Zedge,
    Inc. Class B common stock, 42,282 shares at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zEUMTTn5k1r4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">117</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Zedge,
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zVI2kyJaEbh5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">84</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">117</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
    Holdings, Inc. Class B common stock, <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_908_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zOUQA1CPl4ja" title="Number of related party shares received">278,810</span> and <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_905_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20211101__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_z9GQlc2Q7Z07" title="Number of related party shares received">290,214</span> shares at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, respectively</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zQZ412bh3ifb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">586</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">586</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
    marketable equity securities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_zO0bOue7u1d9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,112</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,089</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fixed
    income mutual funds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--MutualFundMember_zDjyxNwJA2M9" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,994</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--MutualFundMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12,299</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Current
    equity investments</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zfVkaM0xJ9m" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,776</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17,091</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Visa
    Inc. Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#8220;Visa Series C Preferred&#8221;)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zZzHBGgjAYad" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,238</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,132</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Visa
    Inc. Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#8220;Visa Series A Preferred&#8221;)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zI2a1TtBcVB4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1565">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,230</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Convertible preferred stock&#8212;equity method investment</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_zgfzyMj8sQf1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,064</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_zYKdNZfH4p0g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,001</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hedge
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--OtherInvestmentsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">825</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Noncurrent
    equity investments</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zBeWHRl1Bt0h" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10,263</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7,426</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A5_zGZqjtVHjIzj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company received the shares of Zedge, Inc. (&#8220;Zedge&#8221;) Class B common stock and <span id="xdx_904_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--UnrestrictedCommonClassBOfRafaelHoldingsIncMember_zD287HsV3wLf" title="Related party shares received">28,320</span> of the shares of Rafael Class B common
stock set forth in the table above in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on Zedge and Rafael restricted stock held by certain
of the Company&#8217;s employees and the Company&#8217;s payment of taxes on behalf of its employees related thereto. The Company purchased
<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20210731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zqjfhksPFTeg" title="Related party shares purchased">261,894</span> shares of Rafael Class B common stock in fiscal 2021. The Company sold <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20221130__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zesyWp6aVHy8" title="Related party shares purchased">11,404</span> shares of Rafael Class B common stock in November
2022. Howard S. Jonas is the Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors of Zedge.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
July 28, 2022, in connection with Visa Inc.&#8217;s second mandatory release assessment, the Company received <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220728__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zPmIVmTX9Ybl" title="Owned shares">58</span> shares of Visa Series
A Preferred and the conversion adjustment for Visa Series C Preferred was reduced to <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion_iI_pid_c20220728__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zqxTjOnzFTdf" title="Convertible preferred stock, shares issued upon conversion">3.645</span>. In August 2022, the <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zBgHhNxurJve" title="Owned shares">58</span> shares of Visa Series
A Preferred were converted into <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_z0WN9uBsfKBh" title="Owned shares">5,800</span> shares of Visa Class A common stock, which the Company sold for $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_pn5n6_c20220801__20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_zXC0uB0YWwxc" title="Proceeds from sale of common stock">1.3</span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock_zqQYqvF2Gqab" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
changes in the carrying value of the Company&#8217;s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company
elected the measurement alternative was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B8_zgky5IJiLaUg" style="display: none">Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"/>




<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20230201__20230430_zgvy4MqijnTc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220201__20220430_z7fAKIkJUh1i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230430_z6uGVMhDjG81" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20210801__20220430_z33C4alGDUM1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
    Months Ended <br/>
    April 30,</span><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/>

</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"/>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iS_pn3n3_zW9OiKQiVnPd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance,
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iE_pn3n3_zjHMKRCHDtvi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance,
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,507</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,409</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,507</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,409</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A2_zSGgo7FXU70f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company increased the carrying value of the shares of Visa Series C Preferred it held by $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zlVB52DB4dY6" title="Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, upward price adjustment, annual amount">13,000</span> and $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zgIsYCi4NwAj" title="Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, upward price adjustment, annual amount">0.1</span> million in the three and
nine months ended April 30, 2023, respectively, and the Company decreased the carrying value of the shares of Visa Series C Preferred
it held by $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueDownwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_pn5n6_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zLlzyS5KMHCd" title="Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, downward price adjustment, annual amount">0.1</span> million and $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueDownwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zB3k9WEgOe26" title="Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, downward price adjustment, annual amount">0.3</span> million in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, respectively, based on the fair value of
Visa Class A common stock, including a discount for lack of current marketability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_znfBJap9mDC6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrealized
gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value included the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BE_zm0i4fLBbp02" style="display: none">Schedule of Unrealized (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230201__20230430_znmgMvWgBL78" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20220201__20220430_zdPPacxbU2Pk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220801__20230430_zhCalrT0zFke" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220430_z0k2lAlXdOy4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
    Months Ended <br/>April 30,</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_pn3n3_zFvi8da97Zec" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
    losses recognized during the period on equity investments</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(480</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3,416</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,649</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(20,862</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_pn3n3_zA4nwdYpcrb2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Less:
    net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1638">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1639">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zFE06mxWmb7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrealized
    losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(480</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3,416</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,667</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(20,872</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
unrealized gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230201__20230430_z2GGxsp1lUy4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20220201__20220430_zBqKMpaS6Hs8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430_zb1oG9Ho6io3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20210801__20220430_z64pZfS1BDD2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrealized
    gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_zCyTaR652Jd7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 44%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
    Class B common stock</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(578</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_zgtlo6XmDNq6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Zedge
    Class B common stock</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(102</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(33</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(432</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_z73S8P20aA56" style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(480</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span>(3,416</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2,667</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(20,872</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
</table>

<p id="xdx_8AE_zlSd1jQB5smd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Equity
Method Investment</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
February 2, 2021, the Company paid $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20210130__20210202__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zsPSFLPLGjw9" title="Payments to acquire equity method investments">4.0</span> million to purchase shares of Series B convertible preferred stock of a communications company
(the equity method investee, or &#8220;EMI&#8221;), and on August 10, 2021, the Company paid $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20210809__20210810__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zC5MobHMyCra" title="Payments to acquire equity method investments">1.1</span> million to purchase shares of the EMI&#8217;s
Series C convertible preferred stock and additional shares of the EMI&#8217;s Series B convertible preferred stock. The initial shares
purchased represented <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20210202__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zXSt4g9kJzT3" title="Equity method investment, ownership percentage">23.95</span>% of the outstanding shares of the EMI on an as converted basis. The subsequent purchases increased the Company&#8217;s
ownership to <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20210810__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zcLV4yNxPp2a" title="Equity method investment, ownership percentage">26.57</span>% on an as converted basis.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company accounted for this investment using the equity method since the Series B and Series C convertible preferred stock were in-substance
common stock, and the Company could exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the EMI.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of July 31, 2022, the Company was the holder of secured promissory notes made by the EMI in exchange for loans of an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount_iI_pn5n6_c20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zOZM9y9VYMtf" title="Receivable with imputed interest, face amount">2.5</span>
million, which increased to an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount_iI_pn6n6_c20230406__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zcLP8Eo2c4Qb" title="Increase in secured debt including accrued interest">4.0</span> million including accrued interest as of April 6, 2023. The notes provided for interest
on the principal amount at <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate_pid_uPure_c20220731__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zET1ic1cdSx8" title="Receivable with imputed interest, effective yield (Interest rate)">15%</span> per annum payable monthly. The notes were due and payable in <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates_pp0p0_ddxL_c20220731__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--FebruaryTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember_zJ1X72jVdSgc" title="Receivable with imputed interest, due date::XDX::2023-02-28"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1677">February 2023</span></span> and <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates_pp0p0_ddxL_c20220731__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--AprilTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember_z9x7kujumez6" title="Receivable with imputed interest, due date::XDX::2023-04-30"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1679">April 2023</span></span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
April 6, 2023, in accordance with an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of April 5, 2023, the EMI merged with and into its subsidiary,
with the subsidiary being the surviving corporation. Effective with the merger, the EMI has no common stock outstanding, each share of
the EMI&#8217;s convertible preferred stock was converted into shares of the subsidiary&#8217;s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
(&#8220;EMI Preferred Stock&#8221;), and the principal and accrued interest of the EMI&#8217;s secured promissory notes was converted
into shares of EMI Preferred Stock (the &#8220;Conversions&#8221;). In addition, each of the EMI&#8217;s shareholders agreed to purchase additional shares of EMI Preferred Stock, for which the Company
paid $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20230301__20230430__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_zaauCfLBjyrf" title="Payments to purchase additional shares">0.2</span>
million in April 2023 and $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20230301__20230531__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_zNURgjXZly49" title="Payments to purchase additional shares">0.7</span> million in May 2023 to purchase the additional shares. Following the merger, the Conversions, and the
purchases of additional shares of EMI Preferred Stock, the Company&#8217;s ownership increased to <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_uPure_c20230531__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_z0R8hagKlUH1" title="Equity method investment, ownership percentage">33.3%</span>
of the EMI&#8217;s outstanding shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company accounts for this investment using the equity method since the Company can exercise significant influence over the operating
and financial policies of the EMI but it does not have a controlling interest.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company determined that on the dates of the acquisitions, there were differences between its investment in the EMI and its proportional
interest in the equity of the EMI of an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_z8Qq1aPwRTi9" title="Equity method investment, aggregate cost">8.2</span> million, which represented the share of the EMI&#8217;s customer list on the
dates of the acquisitions attributed to the Company&#8217;s interest in the EMI. <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment_c20230201__20230430_zMMTGc7Sbaj4">These
basis differences are being amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">.
In the accompanying consolidated statements of income, amortization of equity method basis difference is included in the equity in the
net loss of investee, which is recorded in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221; (see Note 17).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_zt3i8Q2y9hah" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s equity method investment:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B8_z7TAiV2rHIJc" style="display: none">&#160;Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"/>




<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
30,</b></span></p>

</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="13" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
                                            thousands)</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iS_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_z0QoRIAu76Uj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance,
    beginning of period</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(374</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,509</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,001</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,901</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zwKkNQeeyVvj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Purchase
    of convertible preferred stock</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">168</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1698">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">168</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,051</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zfKLAFL3owaa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Conversion of secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">4,038</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1703">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">4,038</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1705">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zRw9QDXluckl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
    in the net loss of investee</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(532</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(583</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1,662</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zES6sSMmDC9c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amortization
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(182</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(599</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iE_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zDAU6iJ1eaM8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance,
    end of the period</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,744</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,064</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,744</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8AA_za5NE535OKO8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/>&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_89E_ecustom--EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock_zJTJ5LrzbDj5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Summarized
financial information of the EMI was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;<span id="xdx_8B9_zLSMYjKuwAP1" style="display: none">Summary of Statements of Operations</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20230201__20230430__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_ztEACSqgXnNd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zuzVKsFjXfMg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zVn7C9zZxjxk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zPRdPKgf7QM6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z1e7x5XkwNO8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,115</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,689</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,806</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,760</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Costs
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingExpenses_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,773</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,667</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11,235</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Loss
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1,658</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(266</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(82</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717764197856">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock', window );">Fair Value Measurements</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_809_eus-gaap--FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_z49l52zGmTY4" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
8&#8212;<span id="xdx_82F_zBtev4uLnkYe">Fair Value Measurements</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_zyAyHpt2jJHa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B0_zwRfIU4pWgRk" style="display: none">Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis</span></span></p>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    30, 2023</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z0yswixNN2P1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30,552</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zxaAZVg0AH0i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,776</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zuCDNdtEo8ic" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1773">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zFurvX5pIAuc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1775">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zT3iU6QjmIY8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,776</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zKZgTiyWz3a5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1779">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zyFROpriiD63" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,500</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zf1Sbpn63RHk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,238</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zJWMTl7orlk8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,738</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zBiw8Uskwbf9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36,328</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zBRm4OH7Duce" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13,935</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zw5lVCTXgo74" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,238</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zbx2Xg4nOGve" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">51,501</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Acquisition
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
    current liabilities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zLPHW1CAqpT1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1795">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zeMq0kDIjfl4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1797">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zx8BmAC3m873" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,351</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zIfYzuVhcqQd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,351</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zeUcvbTpbmIh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1803">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zXmW8JmBZRVg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1805">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z0R2AVzNOaY7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,773</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zyhAhwxfPAqd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,773</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zI01KAfxhSA6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1811">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zy0gfH1odbya" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1813">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zmUoo4C2GlU8" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5,124</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zpUX6U2syMTj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5,124</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    31, 2022</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Debt
    securities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zcyp5c6YRFA1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13,734</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zhVNRcPktsFd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8,569</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zfmi94mEr0Nd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1823">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22,303</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
    investments included in current assets</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zWRop5XbZ4L7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17,091</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zXvVqQumEHb4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1829">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zgPt0a40z5i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1831">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17,091</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
    investments included in noncurrent assets</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z7gslgMvLJSh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1835">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zo1UuGOUJZoe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,730</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z0oV34nVxxq" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,132</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z0mH0y3adAGj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,862</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zQ2BoiedTDje" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30,825</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zD79mTU76tKd" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10,299</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zMvVUGuLX304" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,132</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zDpquRDLD9kh" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42,256</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Acquisition
    consideration included in:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
    current liabilities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z9eT538uY2oe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1851">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zMLRSmxVT2Oj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1853">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zdTUvP0b8H97" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,578</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zawsLNNSbvc6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,578</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
    noncurrent liabilities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zJ8HFfaKieD3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1859">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zxW3TREd3JLk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1861">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zQ7P9tdrovG6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5,968</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zq5XpgEHVIy4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5,968</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_981_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zkMoMw2MzW5a" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1867">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zSsyIIlViRxf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1869">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zES8y1pD2HD9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(8,546</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zTf76hRymS88" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(8,546</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F05_zOAAjbid9MY3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F14_zm8nvoH9NXjj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211; quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F06_zTI6Dnnk2TF" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F1E_z3TCk17oye55" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211; observable
inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F03_z7gmI8tqqlVh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F19_zzXBeoT4sL7c" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211; no observable
pricing inputs in the market</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p id="xdx_8A1_zOLn25dDsvWg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, the Company had $<span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--InvestmentInHedgeFunds_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_zFSLah5hBAF7" title="Investment in hedge funds">3.1</span> million and $<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--InvestmentInHedgeFunds_iI_pn5n6_c20220731_zPO8EStJbBx2" title="Investment in hedge funds">3.2 </span>million, respectively, in investments in hedge funds, which were
included in noncurrent &#8220;Equity investments&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company&#8217;s investments
in hedge funds were accounted for using the equity method, therefore they were not measured at fair value.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zB5TnQAaNU9j" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B0_zUoWATVKiJZa" style="display: none">Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230201__20230430_zZxq6Wx2KaZa" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220201__20220430_zKz7LZcPiAC7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20220801__20230430_zqv0odRBigWk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220430_zwtj9yTh9ZTl" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                  <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                  <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iS_pn3n3_zyp7ozBtJR48" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance,
    beginning of period</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,225</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,261</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,132</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,465</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1_pn3n3_zQOgB7ebBJfb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    gains (losses) recognized in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Change
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1901">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<p id="xdx_8AC_z9Osv7P7pdPb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zWA1iPKyT4bj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BC_z3jGqQPldNP2" style="display: none">Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230201__20230430_zOEDBIJOFTSa" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20220201__20220430_zyk1BLJofAQg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20210801__20220430_z5DznJHn4gLf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iS_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationLiabilityTransfersIntoLevel3_pn3n3_zsIoWWYINMgj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements_iN_pn3n3_di_z4e96jDiJZ6e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings_pn3n3_zFIun3GbJQE" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8220;Other
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">216</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1922">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(303</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_ecustom--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense_pn3n3_zqTn37Lo0Wcg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Interest
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">97</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1927">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">97</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1929">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome_iN_pn3n3_di_zZ34S871MBE4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8220;Foreign
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(23</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<p id="xdx_8AB_zHDtTmgmvONj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company paid an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430_zSI7lLkSXUIg" title="Contingent consideration payment">2.2</span>
million in contingent consideration related to prior acquisitions. In addition, in the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company
determined that the requirements for a portion of the contingent consideration payments related to the acquisition of Leaf would not
be met, and, in the nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company determined that the requirements for a contingent consideration
payment related to an acquisition in December 2019 would not be met before the expiration date. The Company recorded gains of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn5n6_di_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zqMOC7HUJf28" title="Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation">1.6</span>
million and $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn5n6_di_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zkvL3Hnfn9K1" title="Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation">0.3</span>
million in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, on the write-off of these contingent consideration payment obligations, which were included in &#8220;Other
operating expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Also, in the three and nine months ended April
30, 2023, the Company increased the estimated fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration by $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment_pn5n6_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_z3Sz1tYmZ19h" title="Estimated fair value of contingent consideration">0.2</span> million, which was included in &#8220;Other operating expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements
of income.
There were no other changes in the estimated fair value of contingent consideration in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and
2022.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Fair
Value of Other Financial Instruments</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
The estimated fair value of the Company&#8217;s other financial instruments was determined using available market information or other
appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting these data to develop estimates of fair
value. Consequently, the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current
market exchange.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
<i>Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, other current assets, customer deposits, and other current liabilities.
</i>At April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value because of the short
period of time to maturity. The fair value estimates for cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents were classified
as Level 1 and other current assets, customer deposits, and other current liabilities were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
<i>Other assets and other liabilities. </i>At April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated
fair value. The fair values were estimated based on the Company&#8217;s assumptions, which were classified as Level 3 of the fair value
hierarchy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717677444336">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Variable Interest Entity<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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9&#8212;<span id="xdx_822_zIpXNR73L4W7">Variable Interest Entity</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE that operates money transfer businesses. The Company determined that, effective May 31, 2021,
it had the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance, and the Company has the
obligation to absorb losses of and the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to it. As a result,
the Company consolidates the VIE. The Company does not currently own any interest in the VIE and thus the net income incurred by the
VIE was attributed to noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_896_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_zdoNQZ4KMENb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s net income and aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B5_zAN0iCabUHwk" style="display: none">Schedule
of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Provided by (Repaid to) the Company by VIE</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"/>




<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
30,</b></span></p>

</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span><b><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/></b></p>
                                                               <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="12" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
                                            thousands)</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_pn3n3_zLVyxqZ4Wu77" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 44%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">208</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">72</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_pn3n3_zzVSYdgHUH67" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Aggregate
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1963">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">87</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(95</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A1_z2uc3hpaBzXd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89E_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_zWM3SIrnyuG1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s summarized consolidated balance sheet amounts are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BB_z5mHEiibUQi8" style="display: none">VIE&#8217;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            31, </b></span><b>2022</b></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="5" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in thousands)</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assets:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Restricted
    cash</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7,379</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,490</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--ReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trade
    accounts receivable, net</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prepaid
    expenses</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
    current assets</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,240</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,387</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DueFromRelatedPartiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Due
    from the Company</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1985">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">86</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Property,
    plant, and equipment, net</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">325</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">467</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
    intangibles, net</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">775</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">889</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Assets_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    assets</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12,432</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9,172</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Liabilities
    and noncontrolling interests:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trade
    accounts payable</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1997">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1998">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued
    expenses</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2007">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
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<p id="xdx_8A4_zwFWcf20AkW8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s assets may only be used to settle the VIE&#8217;s obligations and may not be used for other consolidated entities. The VIE&#8217;s
liabilities are non-recourse to the general credit of the Company&#8217;s other consolidated entities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for a variable interest entity (VIE), including but not limited to, judgments and assumptions in determining whether to consolidate and in identifying the primary beneficiary, gain (loss) recognized on the initial consolidation of the VIE, terms of arrangements, amounts and classification of the VIE's assets and liabilities, and the entity's maximum exposure to loss.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2197479<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717677383936">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Operating Expense, Net<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text"><p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock_zU2S1jmbb16c" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
10&#8212;<span id="xdx_825_za8pao9dbwPb">Other Operating Expense, Net</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_892_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpenseNetTableTextBlock_zjAzidNR6Pj7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the other operating expense, net by business segment:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_zwX1jRNfc1Ql" style="display: none">Schedule of Other Operating Expense, Net</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 91%; margin-left: 0.5in">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
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                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--LegalFees_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENz4fO_z1B33P6TRJWi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_pn3n3_maOOIENz4fO_zvnJrYeQc8U1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENz4fO_zaGciAmeDnmk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fintech&#8212;write-off
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2032">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2033">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40C_ecustom--FintechGovernmentGrants_pn3n3_maOOIENz4fO_zr33zZWIZR75" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENz4fO_zGdU2i7mT91h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone&#8212;write-off
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2042">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2043">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_404_ecustom--Net2PhoneOtherNet_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENz4fO_zdsKdIUGOu14" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2048">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2049">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENz4fO_zerkIeNksAZe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Traditional
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<p id="xdx_8AD_z8d6WWfZALp4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Straight
Path Communications Inc. Class Action</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
discussed in Note 16, the Company (as well as other defendants) has been named in a pending class action on behalf of the stockholders
of the Company&#8217;s former subsidiary, Straight Path Communications Inc. (&#8220;Straight Path&#8221;). The Company incurred legal
fees and recorded offsetting gains from insurance claims related to this action in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 and
2022.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Contingent Consideration Liabilities</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company determined that the requirements for a portion of the contingent consideration payments
related to the Leaf acquisition would not be met. In addition, in the nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company determined that the
requirements for a contingent consideration payment related to an acquisition in December 2019 would not be met before the expiration
date. The Company recognized gains on the write-off of these contingent consideration payment obligations in the Fintech and net2phone
segments, respectively. Also, in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company increased the estimated fair value of acquisition-related
contingent consideration in its Traditional Communications segment by $<span id="xdx_906_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_pn5n6_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_zWbfz3fgQgkb" title="Estimated fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration liability"><span id="xdx_907_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_zVP2JnCFwUo7" title="Estimated fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration liability">0.2</span></span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Government
Grants</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, Leaf received payments from
government grants for the development and commercialization of blockchain-backed financial technologies.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Indemnification
Claim</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Beginning
in June 2019, as part of a commercial resolution, the Company indemnified a cable telephony customer related to patent infringement claims
brought against the customer. On May 8, 2023, the Company and the customer agreed to release the Company from the indemnification agreement in
exchange for $<span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_pn5n6_c20230507__20230508__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--IndemnificationAgreementMember_zn6YYL0h8EI3" title="Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim">3.9</span> million, of which $<span id="xdx_904_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid_pn5n6_c20230509__20230510__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--IndemnificationAgreementMember_zjaJf29cKRRf" title="Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim, paid">1.9</span> million was paid on May 10, 2023 and the remainder will be paid in five monthly invoice deductions
of $<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimToBePaid_pn5n6_c20230509__20230510__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--IndemnificationAgreementMember_zJRKhliaKtGa" title="Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim, reminder">0.4</span> million each.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717677397456">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revolving Credit Facility<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Revolving Credit Facility</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--DebtDisclosureTextBlock_zs7w4eVNRjV7" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
11&#8212;<span id="xdx_82F_zofRvruZN0E7">Revolving Credit Facility</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc. (&#8220;IDT Telecom&#8221;), entered into a credit agreement, dated as of May 17, 2021,
with TD Bank, N.A. for a revolving credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_pn5n6" title="Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity">25.0</span> million. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds
to finance working capital requirements and for certain closing costs of the facility. At April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, there were
<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_pn5n6_do_c20230430__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zruPtP5zRvHa" title="Revolving credit amount outstanding"><span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_pn5n6_do_c20220731__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zgBey5kWMRl9" title="Revolving credit amount outstanding">no</span></span> amounts outstanding under this facility. In the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate
of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zjnS8DsC7Hv8" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zeMsumjcIkg8" title="Repayments of lines of credit">2.4</span></span> million and $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zW0jT5KqaJd7" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zjMEvgjAycFk" title="Repayments of lines of credit">2.6</span></span> million, respectively, under the facility. <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityDescription_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zViUnysEwZUi" title="Credit facility, description">The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT
Telecom&#8217;s assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum at the Intercontinental Exchange Benchmark Administration
Ltd. LIBOR multiplied by the Regulation D maximum reserve requirement plus 125 to 175 basis points, depending upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s
leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter. Interest is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued
and unpaid interest is due on May 16, 2024. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee on the average daily balance of the unused
portion of the $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity_iI_pn5n6_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zRQV00QaJkCk" title="Revolving credit, unused portion amount">25.0</span> million commitment of 30 to 85 basis points, depending upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the
most recent fiscal quarter.</span> IDT Telecom is required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain
targets based on financial ratios during the term of the revolving credit facility. As of April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, IDT Telecom
was in compliance with all of the covenants.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717677449056">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Equity</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_801_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_zH5b1dCh9fGb" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
12&#8212;<span id="xdx_824_zmkBP212Xs91">Equity</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Stock
Issued to Certain Executive Officers for Bonus Payments</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023, certain executive officers of the Company received performance bonuses for fiscal 2022 of an
aggregate of $<span id="xdx_907_ecustom--PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember_zzZxCqeVLLR5" title="Performance bonus paid in cash stock">
1.2 </span>million, of which one-half was paid in cash and one-half was paid in shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock.
The Company issued <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20220801__20230430__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z7mOxuHeLLd" title="Issuance of shares">24,543</span>
shares of its Class B common stock with an issue date value of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zmdpWNbnyPR7" title="Issuance of shares, value">0.6</span>
million for the bonus payments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><i>2022</i> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Deferred
Stock Units Equity Incentive Program</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zYmbPuE5FpL7" title="Deferred stock units, description">On
November 30, 2022, the Company adopted an equity incentive program (under its 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan) in the form of
grants of deferred stock units (&#8220;DSUs&#8221;) that, upon vesting, will entitle the grantees to receive shares of the
Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. In the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company granted an aggregate of <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z57z6fYXVk15" title="Number of deferred stock units granted">193,225</span>
DSUs to certain of its executive officers and other employees. The number of shares that will be issuable on each vesting date will
vary between 50% to 200% of the number of DSUs that vest on that vesting date, depending on the market price for the underlying
Class B common stock on the vesting date relative to the base price approved by the Compensation Committee of the Company&#8217;s
Board of Directors of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_pid_c20221130__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BoardOfDirectorsMember_zAb2CGLgdMnk" title="Share price">25.45</span>
per share (which was based on the market price at the time of the initial grants under this program). On May 17, 2023, the first vesting date under the
program, in accordance with the program and based on certain elections made by grantees, the Company issued <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20230517__20230517__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zH7CAxcs1gGa" title="Number of shares issued">41,945</span>
shares of its Class B common stock for vested DSUs. Based on those elections, vesting for <span id="xdx_907_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingDeferredInPeriod_iI_pid_c20230517__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--AwardDateAxis__custom--FebruaryTwentyOneTwoThousandAndTwentyFourMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zuSnXdOoSuZ" title="Number of shares vested">30,909</span>
DSUs was delayed until February 21, 2024. Subject to continued full time employment or other service to the Company, the remaining
DSUs are scheduled to vest on February 21, 2024 and February 25, 2025. The grantees will have the right to elect a later vesting date
no later than January 19, 2024 for the February 21, 2024 vesting date. A grantee will have the option to elect a later vesting date
for one-half or all of the shares scheduled to vest on February 21, 2024 and any DSUs that do not vest based on the grantee&#8217;s
election, will be eligible to vest on February 25, 2025. The Company estimated that the fair value of the DSUs on the date of grants
was an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_903_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zlCgfAddUDF" title="Estimated fair value of DSUs on date of grant">5.2</span>
million, which is being recognized on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service periods ending in February 2025. The Company
used a risk neutral Monte Carlo simulation method in its valuation of the DSUs, which simulated the range of possible future values
of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock over the life of the DSUs.</span> The weighted average grant date fair value per DSU was
$<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z3SY8rgSTs4a" title="Weighted average grant date fair value per DSU">27.20</span>.
At April 30, 2023, there was $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_ziXxTbjimCQd" title="Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested DSUs">2.9</span>
million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested DSUs.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><i>2019 Deferred Stock Units Equity Incentive Program</i>&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company had a prior equity incentive program in the form of DSUs that, upon vesting, entitled the grantees to receive shares of the Company&#8217;s
Class B common stock. On January 5, 2022, the third and final vesting date under the program, the Company issued <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_c20220104__20220105__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zlRI7ZcfHiH9" title="Number of shares issued">301,296</span> shares of its
Class B common stock in respect of DSUs that vested on that date.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> Stock Option and Incentive Plan&#8212;Other</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 14, 2022, the Company&#8217;s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company&#8217;s 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan
to increase the number of shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock available for the grant of awards thereunder by an additional
<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_pid_c20221213__20221214__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zpjijZxQt8ag" title="Stock additionally authorized">50,000</span> shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company received cash from the exercise of stock options of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zFzzwitlmhTa" title="Proceeds from exercise of stock options">0.2</span>
million, for which the Company issued <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zQHnS4Y2geIg" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares">12,500</span>
shares of its Class B common stock. In the nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company received cash from the exercise of stock
options of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zVjdsZKJjzyc" title="Proceeds from exercise of stock options">0.1</span>
million, for which the Company issued <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zrn6AWHpJL88" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares">10,000</span>
shares of its Class B common stock. In addition, in April 2022, Howard S. Jonas exercised stock options for <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20220401__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zRWzCoKvyapb" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares">1.0 </span>million
shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock that were granted on May 2, 2017. The exercise price of these options was $<span id="xdx_906_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice_pid_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zCGHkM8f8sN3" title="Exercise price of stock options"><span id="xdx_905_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice_pid_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zHMtMPlFlUb9" title="Exercise price of stock options">14.93</span></span>
per share and the expiration date was <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_pid_dd_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zIaoWitnAVIl" title="Stock option expiration date"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_pid_dd_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_z4LeHjPui4Zc" title="Stock option expiration date">May
1, 2022</span></span>. Mr. Jonas used <span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20220401__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zwqsa1AORfYd" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares">528,635</span>
shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock with a value of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20220401__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zMSlRWDa8twh" title="Number of exercised of stock options, value">14.9</span>
million to pay the aggregate exercise price of the options. Mr. Jonas tendered <span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding_pid_c20220401__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zQCBpmWtZjki" title="Number of shares issued">137,364</span>
shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock with a value of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220401__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zB5igawx1TJj" title="Number of shares issued, value">3.9</span>
million to satisfy a portion of his tax obligations in connection with his stock option exercises.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company granted <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20220801__20230430__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeeMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_z3gzZotFf8yb" title="Stock granted">15,000</span> shares of its Class B common stock to an employee. The Company recorded
stock-based compensation expense and an increase in &#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeeMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zsEgtk3DOUVe" title="Share based compensation">0.4</span> million for this grant, which was
the fair value of the shares on the grant date. In addition, in the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">granted
<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember_zJKgB84Mdfs5" title="Number of restricted shares granted">16,000</span> restricted shares of its Class B common stock to an executive officer. The Company estimated that the grant date fair value of
the shares was $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember_zuQs8XuGPNO7" title="Share based compensation">0.3</span> million, which is being recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining vesting period that ends in <span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember_zMos7Z8BunP3" title="Vesting period">February
2025</span>.</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Stock
Repurchases</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has an existing stock repurchase program authorized by its Board of Directors for the repurchase of shares of the Company&#8217;s
Class B common stock. The Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zWzxTuiA1tK4" title="Aggregate repurchased shares">8.0</span> million shares in the aggregate. In the nine months
ended April 30, 2023, the Company repurchased <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_z5tLizhrqnEf" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased">280,130</span> shares of its Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zHg1z5BgXcjb" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased">7.5</span> million.
There were no repurchases under the program in the nine months ended April 30, 2022. At April 30, 2023, <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_zBek4YP63Sh8" title="Shares remained available for repurchase under stock repurchase program">4.9</span> million shares remained available
for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company paid $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_z0C2AafzMSrb" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased">0.3</span> million and $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zD2Na5cjqCBc" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased">9.0</span> million, respectively, to repurchase <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_ztOvouD6Rr11" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased">13,547</span> and
<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_pid_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zzBO6dGKOU2b" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased">200,438</span> shares, respectively, of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock that were tendered by employees of the Company to satisfy the
employees&#8217; tax withholding obligations in connection with shares issued for bonus payments, the vesting of DSUs, and lapsing of
restrictions on restricted stock. Such shares were repurchased by the Company based on their fair market value as of the close of business
on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717681970752">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestAbstract', window );"><strong>Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_801_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock_zJXwsWInBRXg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
13&#8212;<span id="xdx_82E_zlrbk3a2fV2g">Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 29, 2021, NRS sold shares of its Class B common stock representing <span id="xdx_905_ecustom--SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_pid_dp_uPure_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zCn335pJdkyi" title="Capital stock outstanding percentage">2.5</span>% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted
basis to Alta Fox Opportunities Fund LP (&#8220;Alta Fox&#8221;) for cash of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_pn6n6_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zaNOYwdsrk74" title="Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction">10</span> million. Alta Fox has the right to request that NRS
redeem all or any portion of the NRS common shares that it purchased at the per share purchase price during a period of 182 days following
the fifth anniversary of this transaction. The redemption right shall terminate upon the consummation of (i) a sale of NRS or its assets
for cash or securities that are listed on a national securities exchange, (ii) a public offering of NRS&#8217; securities, or (iii) a
distribution of NRS&#8217; capital stock following which NRS&#8217; common shares are listed on a national securities exchange.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock sold to Alta Fox have been classified as mezzanine equity in the accompanying consolidated
balance sheets because they may be redeemed at the option of Alta Fox, although the shares are not mandatorily redeemable. The carrying
amount of the shares includes the noncontrolling interest in the net income of NRS. The net income attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s
noncontrolling interest during the periods were as follows:</span></p>

<p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock_z8cn7RqS1vC7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_zg1oUscNVUx" style="display: none">Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#8217;s Noncontrolling Interest</span></span></p>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
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                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
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<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries, which could include the name of the subsidiary, the ownership percentage held by the parent, the ownership percentage held by the noncontrolling owners, the amount of the noncontrolling interest, the location of this amount on the balance sheet (when not reported separately), an explanation of the increase or decrease in the amount of the noncontrolling interest, the noncontrolling interest share of the net Income or Loss of the subsidiary, the location of this amount on the income statement (when not reported separately), the nature of the noncontrolling interest such as background information and terms, the amount of the noncontrolling interest represented by preferred stock, a description of the preferred stock, and the dividend requirements of the preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2197479<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717678462976">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Earnings Per Share<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock', window );">Earnings Per Share</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareTextBlock_zjezTx66Qpo9" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
14&#8212; <span id="xdx_82D_zEDbCzas6mo7">Earnings Per Share</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted
average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed
in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject
to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect
of such increase is anti-dilutive.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_zoYFxBltRNK" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#8217;s
common stockholders consists of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B8_zeGvJ76SCEu3" style="display: none">Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230201__20230430_zxETewk6LHyh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220201__20220430_zuKJcxlTeu4g" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220801__20230430_zqHRsZTYnVZj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220430_zRUYvDa4CYpe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pn3n3_zYfVqUFq8tI3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
    weighted-average number of shares</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25,518</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25,901</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25,544</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25,706</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effect
    of dilutive securities:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements_pn3n3_zR7pznBRZRRe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
    options</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">301</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">575</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_pn3n3_zXjLi7WMx1X4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-vested
    restricted Class B common stock</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">87</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">174</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26,455</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8A4_zGFwxayfb5lg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
were <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20230201__20230430_zHG1DgMBQOU4" title="Anti-dilutive earnings per share"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20220801__20230430_zg9K7YHIlg1" title="Anti-dilutive earnings per share"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20220201__20220430_zGKD0Evepb59" title="Anti-dilutive earnings per share"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20210801__20220430_z7KLIqHi0YHi" title="Anti-dilutive earnings per share">no</span></span></span></span>
shares or options excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 and
2022.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for earnings per share.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717676769088">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock', window );">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock_z5OVGfEfU2Bg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
15&#8212;<span id="xdx_820_zP9rTs2mq0v9">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_zuNLOlLWQ1k6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BD_zX8CQU4Wt2Ni" style="display: none">Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Loss</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Unrealized
                                            Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Foreign
                                            Currency Translation</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Accumulated
                                            Other Comprehensive Loss</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance,
    July 31, 2022</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zIyQK66SbDdb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(546</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zH0xw3iIoRie" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(10,759</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zEVaXmHAuVJk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(11,305</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zIAM8r1ZDXFk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">81</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zYFXdI2FE0w" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3,251</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zlnWOFKF1Rjc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3,170</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717681565472">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Commitments and Contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_zKs1GcK5r0Qk" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
16&#8212;<span id="xdx_821_zYaF5bykKT5a">Commitments and Contingencies</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><i>COVID-19</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
May 2023, the World Health Organization declared an end to COVID-19 as a public health emergency. As of the date of this Quarterly Report,
the Company continues to monitor the situation. The Company cannot predict with certainty the potential impact of COVID-19 if it re-invigorates
on the Company&#8217;s results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Legal
Proceedings</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i>&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
July 5, 2017, plaintiff JDS1, LLC, on behalf of itself and all other similarly situated stockholders of Straight Path, and
derivatively on behalf of Straight Path as nominal defendant, filed a putative class action and derivative complaint in the Court of
Chancery of the State of Delaware against the Company, The Patrick Henry Trust (a trust formed by Howard S. Jonas that held record
and beneficial ownership of certain shares of Straight Path he formerly held), Howard S. Jonas, and each of Straight Path&#8217;s
directors. The complaint alleges that the Company aided and abetted Straight Path Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Davidi Jonas, and Howard S. Jonas in his capacity as controlling stockholder of Straight Path, in breaching their fiduciary duties
to Straight Path in connection with the settlement of claims between Straight Path and the Company related to potential
indemnification claims concerning Straight Path&#8217;s obligations under the Consent Decree it entered into with the Federal
Communications Commission (&#8220;FCC&#8221;), as well as the sale of Straight Path&#8217;s subsidiary Straight Path IP Group, Inc.
to the Company in connection with that settlement. That action was consolidated with a similar action that was initiated by The
Arbitrage Fund. The Plaintiffs are seeking, among other things, (i) a declaration that the action may be maintained as a class
action or in the alternative, that demand on the Straight Path Board is excused; (ii) that the term sheet is invalid; (iii) awarding
damages for the unfair price stockholders received in the merger between Straight Path and Verizon Communications Inc. for their
shares of Straight Path&#8217;s Class B common stock; and (iv) ordering Howard S. Jonas, Davidi Jonas, and the Company to disgorge
any profits for the benefit of the class Plaintiffs. On August 28, 2017, the Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. On September 24,
2017, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint, which was ultimately denied, and which denial was affirmed by the
Delaware Supreme Court. On February 17, 2022, the court denied the Company&#8217;s motion for summary judgment. On March 10, 2022,
JDS1, LLC withdrew its application to serve as class representative and lead plaintiff. On May 16, 2022, the court denied The
Arbitrage Fund&#8217;s motion to serve as class representative and lead plaintiff, and approved intervenor Ardell Howard&#8217;s
motion to serve as class representative. The trial commenced on August 29, 2022 for a period of five days, followed by another
five-day period in December 2022. The court held closing arguments on May 3, 2023. The Company is vigorously defending this matter
(see Note 10). At this stage, the Company is unable to estimate its potential liability, if any.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to the foregoing, the Company is subject to other legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and
have not been finally adjudicated. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, the Company believes that none of the other legal
proceedings to which the Company is a party will have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s results of operations, cash flows
or financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Sales
Tax Contingency</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require
a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in
the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that the Company has
liability for periods for which it has not collected sales, use or other similar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful
it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#8217;s business, financial position, and operating results. One or more jurisdictions
may change their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to the Company&#8217;s operations, and if such changes
were made it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#8217;s business, financial position, and operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Regulatory
Fees Audit</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
The Company&#8217;s 2017 FCC Form 499-A, which reports its calendar year 2016 revenue, was audited by the Universal Service Administrative
Company (&#8220;USAC&#8221;). The Internal Audit Division of USAC issued preliminary audit findings and the Company, in accordance with
USAC&#8217;s audit procedures, appealed certain of the findings. USAC issued a final decision, and the final decision overturned one
of the initial findings but left the remaining initial findings in place. The reversal will result in the elimination of a $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--UniversalServiceFundMember_zvpxW6rXb6Ff" title="Loss contingency, estimate of possible loss">1.8</span> million
charge by the Universal Service Fund. The final decision upheld the imposition of a $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_iI_pn5n6_c20210731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_zX56YPvrJgVl" title="Accrued liabilities">2.9</span> million charge to the Federal Telecommunications
Fund. The Company intends to appeal the USAC&#8217;s final decision to the FCC and does not intend to remit payment for the Federal Telecommunications
Fund fees unless and until a negative decision on its appeal has been issued. In response to the aforementioned preliminary audit findings,
the Company made certain changes to its filing policies and procedures for years that remain potentially under audit. At April 30, 2023
and July 31, 2022, the Company&#8217;s accrued expenses included $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_zGWs1RXxBZLg" title="Accrued liabilities">29.1</span> million and $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20220731_zup79PT43puf" title="Accrued liabilities">33.2</span> million, respectively, for FCC-related regulatory
fees for the year covered by the audit, as well as prior and subsequent years.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Purchase
Commitments</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
April 30, 2023, the Company had purchase commitments of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PurchaseObligation_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_z01rd7M7fdcb" title="Purchase obligation">7.9</span> million primarily for equipment and services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Performance
Bonds</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has performance bonds issued through third parties for the benefit of various states in order to comply with the states&#8217;
financial requirements for money remittance licenses and telecommunications resellers. At April 30, 2023, the Company had aggregate performance
bonds of $<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--PerformanceBondsOutstanding_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_zdbdTZN8h7cd" title="Performance bonds outstanding">25.8</span> million outstanding.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for commitments and contingencies.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 440<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2144648<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 954<br> -SubTopic 440<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6491277&amp;loc=d3e6429-115629<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2127136<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 440<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123406679&amp;loc=d3e25336-109308<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 440<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123406679&amp;loc=d3e25336-109308<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717677623520">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Expense, Net<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Other Expense, Net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock_zsWCVBErSKc7" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
17&#8212;<span id="xdx_821_zDXHVIqTd2Zk">Other Expense, Net</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock_zuFuZ7wApdWa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
expense, net consists of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_zkTrsRQlC8ve" style="display: none">Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 85%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20220201__20220430_zgIHTcD79jE7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20220801__20230430_zzln4ZZDwzBj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                             <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/>

 <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/>

</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
    thousands)</b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zzc09iAuB1Zf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Foreign
    currency transaction gains (losses)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">893</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(857</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,344</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(259</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zDYf64v52ejd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Equity
    in net loss of investee</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(768</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(765</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2,143</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2,208</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zBYhWT5lXZAj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Losses
    on investments, net</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(480</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3,416</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2,649</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(20,862</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2,610</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(24,234</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>



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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for other income or other expense items (both operating and nonoperating). Sources of nonoperating income or nonoperating expense that may be disclosed, include amounts earned from dividends, interest on securities, profits (losses) on securities, net and miscellaneous other income or income deductions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 720<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2122503<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 610<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=49130413<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717677397456">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Income Taxes</a></td>
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18&#8212;<span id="xdx_820_zH4SLMYVrMH8">Income Taxes</span></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
April 30, 2023, the Company&#8217;s best estimate of the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for fiscal 2023 was <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_pid_dp_uPure_c20220801__20230430_zXnTw4Xwmhl2">28.7</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%
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at July 31, 2022. The changes in the estimated effective tax rate were mainly due to stock-based compensation and differences in the
amount of taxable income earned in the various taxing jurisdictions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32857-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330215-122817<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32809-109319<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122134291&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32705-109319<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 270<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6424409&amp;loc=d3e44925-109338<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2144680<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6424122&amp;loc=d3e41874-109331<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717764829104">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Defined Contribution Plan<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanTextBlock', window );">Defined Contribution Plan</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--DefinedContributionPlanTextBlock_zvGT7WnaGOx7" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
19&#8212;<span id="xdx_82C_zstPKJyozwTi">Defined Contribution Plan</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company maintains a 401(k) Plan available to all employees meeting certain eligibility criteria. The plan permits participants to contribute
up to the maximum amount allowed by law. The plan provides for discretionary matching contributions that vest over the first five years
of employment. The plan permits the discretionary matching contributions to be granted as of December 31 of each year. All contributions
made by participants vest immediately into the participant&#8217;s account. In April 2023, the Company contributed cash of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--DefinedContributionPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_pn5n6_c20230401__20230430__us-gaap--RetirementPlanNameAxis__custom--FourHundreadAndOnekPlanMember_zDmVcKaD49Nl">1.1</span> million
to the Company&#8217;s 401(k) Plan for matching contributions.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for defined contribution plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 70<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&amp;trid=2235116<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 70<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49170846&amp;loc=d3e28014-114942<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717676118640">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingChangesAndErrorCorrectionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsAndChangesInAccountingPrinciplesTextBlock', window );">Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80B_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsAndChangesInAccountingPrinciplesTextBlock_zBrRPyg0WZX4" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note 20&#8212;<span id="xdx_821_zM1DqVfGIEAa">Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet
Adopted</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;), issued Accounting Standards Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) No.
2022-03, <i>Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)</i>, <i>Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,
</i>that clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of
the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The ASU also requires specific disclosures related to
equity securities that are subject to contractual sales restrictions. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU prospectively
on August 1, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, <i>Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326)</i>, <i>Measurement of Credit Losses
on Financial Instruments,</i> that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For receivables,
loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking current expected credit loss model that generally
will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities
will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances instead of reductions
in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more information about allowances,
credit quality indicators, and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained
earnings. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2023. The Company does not expect the new standard to have a material
impact on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for change in accounting principle. Includes, but is not limited to, nature, reason, and method of adopting amendment to accounting standards or other change in accounting principle.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717677494096">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Business Segment Information (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zZNByvodmfAh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
results for the business segments of the Company were as follows:</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"/>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"/>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B8_zSiKSJkFXLLd" style="display: none">Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fintech</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">National
    Retail Solutions</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Traditional
    Communications</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
    Months Ended April 30, 2023</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zipZkSusd7P8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21,787</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zcD7mEGnWATh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18,073</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_ziyBzCCWelri" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18,392</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zspohl16YGlf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">241,043</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zTc7xxWMBhCk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0920">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430_zgah6FNPWUEg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">299,295</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Loss)
    income from operations</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zU2s86B4rtEl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1,318</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zjxVyytEejhe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,079</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zmcT1s7YgMn6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(377</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zem9BugZSPga" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12,924</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_ztyDFtOydRfe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,931</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430_zfzdiu4fibyi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10,377</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zpLNWIAh03w5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17,215</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_z6h19i6lwDC4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,008</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zjYmTQgOKsaf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(8,475</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zzzNeIungPl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">46,044</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zPKe75EEBn95" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32,075</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zjx7hRqPFCh3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42,003</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zulCO5rgAC1b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">915,372</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_znvcLbk5b7d6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0992">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430_zKCcx7d8pbYe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,035,494</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Loss)
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717676024912">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revenue Recognition (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers</a></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span id="xdx_8BE_zz2vmXAoOh9d" style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Schedule
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
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</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zDVGdhSoFMrc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zcyZu4Vduqte" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zR1CYuTtVXT4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTDigitalPaymentsMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_z7hsWHxWKOhi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT Digital Payments</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101,030</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">115,864</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionCallingMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zKRJB3XTtnJg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTGlobalMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zmMlYNzvmd1f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zktqfiv6vilj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</table>


<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zvDY2kJvYEVg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
following table shows the Company&#8217;s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_8B6_ze8rYpTlclEh" style="display: none">Schedule
of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"/>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">215,622</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Outside
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_zGRylykR90m7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United
    Kingdom</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1080">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1081">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1082">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">64,415</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_zfxJGVLCoMG7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">663</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1087">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8,821</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9,774</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19,258</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_zwGbYjIyottg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    outside the United States</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">663</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1093">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8,821</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">74,189</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">83,673</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zPN3qg4AFMZh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18,392</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;241,043</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">299,295</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zduUqd1OpHQa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"/>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49F_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zyZ1egTJ5iHg" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_490_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zAzCvr3S20fk" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zq49NQCCx7o5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zUjOnB91l5Lf" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49B_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zrLC5vnfRln8" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_znOx4FsPbxQk" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49B_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zaD0vzYQrY4e" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_491_20220801__20230430_ztPIVK5BisUe" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zaarzH3jdye3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 35%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;528,116</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">673,203</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Outside
    the United States:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_z7SEc6pIGMTb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United
    Kingdom</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1152">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1153">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1154">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">202,355</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">202,355</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_zesz1iNQdy4b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,004</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1159">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25,248</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32,237</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">59,489</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_zUzNPgBumCkh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    outside the United States</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,004</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1165">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25,248</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">234,592</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">261,844</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z9myr2S8ZlMg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">57,208</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">53,136</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">762,708</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">935,047</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z3e15DneSekj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_496_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zvTsiytlJGG9" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zQBGC0tgixI1" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_495_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_z7GspQs4uo9e" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_493_20210801__20220430_zEkynAbZoLP1" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zegbR10iegFb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Outside
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_zCatZipNSiE2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United
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  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_z22LhlOg8zEa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zHS82XRm3s4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zLhjZhazNhik" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">46,044</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32,075</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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</table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_z5zxcPirp9A2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents information about the Company&#8217;s contract liability balance:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B4_z7l6MamOfalk" style="display: none">Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230201__20230430_zW2DAxkvrgwi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220201__20220430_zIrjRowHKHzb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230430_zPhviv2Ea5R7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20210801__20220430_zZydIXX42T35" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_pn3n3_zSMsr8L3EFb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 36%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenue
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21,890</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25,437</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock_zIEC5HV1cxB5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B0_zoVRdBYnDWV" style="display: none">Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20230430_zLhvSRCDPkSa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220731_zKAtRZphILrg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>July
                                            31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_zA55GUlh66m7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,343</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,085</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_z4XsqVhEmD3a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
    customer contract acquisition costs included in &#8220;Other assets&#8221;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,542</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,469</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCCNzHg2_zm95ZQunI5tj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7,885</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7,554</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89A_ecustom--AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock_zbkyX2qOrGb3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
The Company&#8217;s amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs during the periods were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_zF6Iv5OepTz3" style="display: none">Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"/>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230201__20230430_zMu88a2HWrod" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220201__20220430_zcdanXXEuUz9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220801__20230430_z3Wi6IbwhUFi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430_zs3iwrZceVv1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                  <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
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                                                                  <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717676720240">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Leases (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Lessee Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases</a></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
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                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn3n3_zNbMGdxMHT7e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--ShortTermLeaseCost_pn3n3_z381rUAu0Fgk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">256</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">277</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">877</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LeaseCost_pn3n3_zEyyyJzU5Fvj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    lease cost</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,073</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,020</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,168</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,007</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
    paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_z0qI4T62SOc3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
    cash flows from operating leases</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">842</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">724</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,431</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,089</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_z6tb0NpQ4Xvj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">724</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">2,431</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">2,089</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_899_ecustom--ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_zgUNv5JH7o58" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BD_z7j8Usmjr15e" style="display: none">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                                                                                                           30, </b></span><b>2023</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted-average
    remaining lease term-operating leases</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20230430_zJUNmprtJuK2" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term">2.5</span>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weighted-average
    discount rate-operating leases</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230430_zA3Mwy0POeoh" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent">3.6</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20220731_zFSxFN5T1DO3" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent">3.0</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_897_ecustom--ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_zcHWQqQAWiZ9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_z3IofdMqMDQh" style="display: none">Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230430_zmCjBuzTGukc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                                                                                                           30, </b></span><b>2023</b></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220731_zt7txQD4yvw1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>July
                                            31, </b></span><b>2022</b></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="5" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
                                            thousands)</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zdz32Xl36cPa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,811</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,899</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zHxy9pevmZ33" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
    lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,572</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,606</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_pn3n3_mtOLLzDbj_zlEsBapR2tQc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,383</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7,505</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zhUZ9BkPcDMe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Future
minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BC_zGVK43bkSWWj" style="display: none">Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49D_20230430_zljWjOViz739" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Schedule of operating lease liability [Table Text Block]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of lessee's lease cost. Includes, but is not limited to, interest expense for finance lease, amortization of right-of-use asset for finance lease, operating lease cost, short-term lease cost, variable lease cost and sublease income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918686-209980<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of undiscounted cash flows of lessee's operating lease liability. Includes, but is not limited to, reconciliation of undiscounted cash flows to operating lease liability recognized in statement of financial position.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918701-209980<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717681565472">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text"><p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_zUlFSzhVcN8l" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated
balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_zW2ai2y5w2tb" style="display: none">Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></span></p>

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                                                                                                                           30, 2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                                                                                                           31, 2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z8OU5fW27DH6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Restricted
    cash and cash equivalents</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717679131760">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Debt Securities (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesTradingAndAvailableForSaleAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Securities, Trading and Available-for-Sale [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_zm2BCJPy50E" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following is a summary of available-for-sale debt securities:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_zi1WPKbZOmf" style="display: none">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amortized
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gross
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
    Value</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">Certificates
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">$</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____z3dRK0mv4Vw9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">4,080</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">$</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zfYRQZ4r5NVg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">$</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zMngzJCiMiS8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">(1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zO9WooI9H9e2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">4,083</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 36%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z4qakWqbEEQ1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">85</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z92uhN8OEPld" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(93</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zigujigZ9Ndk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30,552</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Government
    sponsored enterprises notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zaB95Rp7kZHd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,858</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_z1C10t6YebS9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1374">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zNtAvq7J8A34" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(6</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zEeBR91XQ45f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,852</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zsobe6zrXfhh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,954</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zfmPx3x2sS56" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zdaOPh5QoD9i" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(456</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zEmmMSS2yd4k" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,500</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 20pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zHTd2aHzZdGf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42,452</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zO4XHMVSA4c3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">91</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430_zL0iD5wNMOo5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(556</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zN66MhuYHAIl" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41,987</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    31, 2022:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificates
    of deposit<sup id="xdx_F43_z5CGYqKGqdQ5">*</sup></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zRuyPMA6W1i9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,000</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zdZO2bHz2YG2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1398">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zfFTw3L8u62l" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(14</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____z82ooL3T9qjk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,986</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13,848</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1406">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zlsvyvyZYISh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(114</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13,734</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,966</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zQ9elQKp2g3g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(416</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,551</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Municipal
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,035</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1422">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zmbT8JzVe7Ic" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,032</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 20pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22,849</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731_zfuZdoWVBqZ9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(547</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22,303</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td id="xdx_F05_zUQfp1I44ufg" style="text-align: right; width: 15pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F1D_zGzVhgeqZhdc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each of the Company&#8217;s certificates of deposit has a CUSIP,
was purchased in the secondary market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.</span></td></tr>
</table>


<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_896_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_zxKMCIV2Pw3b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
contractual maturities of the Company&#8217;s available-for-sale debt securities at April 30, 2023 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_zsEj7ztn5cj3" style="display: none">Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230430_z4eW8WfylMOk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
    Value</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
                                            thousands)</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_maAFSSDzAdz_zpy0gZRJCOm2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Within
    one year</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34,705</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zXI0A3w8EGlc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
    one year through five years</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,109</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zB6DoCxywAj6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
    five years through ten years</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,127</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zpsSDCg57gEe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
    ten years</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">46</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iTI_pn3n3_mtAFSSDzAdz_zRlbonFntkMd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41,987</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock_zHjRM6YAOkGk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;The
following available-for-sale debt securities were in an unrealized loss position for which other-than-temporary impairments were not
recognized:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_zDElhpiLXxe" style="display: none">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Unrealized</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Losses</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
    Value</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    30, 2023:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify">Certificates of deposit</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zXYREz1VylH5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">1</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_za1QbAXXiqP1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position">960</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zvhyG3ms1hkf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">93</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zJXZ1H4LSd8d" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15,998</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Government
    sponsored enterprises notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zvdIAT7q4ntc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zuWVXNPS1Lyl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,852</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zI5ozKJmhq4k" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">456</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zsMxI2UuVpxb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,444</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zZLsQH9NUv8b" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">556</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zXN4q8Hgj8h" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24,254</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    31, 2022:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificates
    of deposit</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,986</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">114</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13,734</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">416</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,514</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Municipal
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,412</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">547</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21,646</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zeZ9SMMh48Mk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following available-for-sale debt securities included in the tables above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months
or longer:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B4_zxisUB1GWxk5" style="display: none">Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Unrealized</b></span></p>
                                               <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Losses</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Fair
                                            Value</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="5" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
                                            thousands)</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
    30, 2023:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zrVUtgY1cXCh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">78</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_ziPqG3zsGqIj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">880</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
    bonds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zr677wzhfzEd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">454</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_z18Bh70AoUD1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,400</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zswjwEh1EF3d" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">532</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zjxjRcpxmUTg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,280</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    31, 2022:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S.
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">72</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717673034320">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity Investments (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
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                                            30,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Zedge,
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zEUMTTn5k1r4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">117</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Zedge,
    Inc. Class B common stock, <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90E_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zD2dcwODIZM5" title="Number of related party shares received"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_900_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20211101__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_z3a2zLFOovRb" title="Number of related party shares received">42,282</span></span> shares at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
    Holdings, Inc. Class B common stock, <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_908_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zOUQA1CPl4ja" title="Number of related party shares received">278,810</span> and <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_905_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20211101__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_z9GQlc2Q7Z07" title="Number of related party shares received">290,214</span> shares at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, respectively</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zQZ412bh3ifb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">586</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">586</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
    marketable equity securities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,089</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fixed
    income mutual funds</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--MutualFundMember_zDjyxNwJA2M9" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,994</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--MutualFundMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12,299</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Current
    equity investments</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zfVkaM0xJ9m" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,776</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17,091</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Visa
    Inc. Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#8220;Visa Series C Preferred&#8221;)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zZzHBGgjAYad" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,238</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Visa
    Inc. Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#8220;Visa Series A Preferred&#8221;)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zI2a1TtBcVB4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1565">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,230</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Convertible preferred stock&#8212;equity method investment</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_zgfzyMj8sQf1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,064</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_zYKdNZfH4p0g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,001</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hedge
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--HedgeFundsMember_zigHKrs8OEO4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,136</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--HedgeFundsMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,238</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--OtherInvestmentsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">825</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Noncurrent
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7,426</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock_zqQYqvF2Gqab" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
changes in the carrying value of the Company&#8217;s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company
elected the measurement alternative was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B8_zgky5IJiLaUg" style="display: none">Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"/>




<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220201__20220430_z7fAKIkJUh1i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20210801__20220430_z33C4alGDUM1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
    Months Ended <br/>
    April 30,</span><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/>

</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"/>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iS_pn3n3_zW9OiKQiVnPd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance,
    beginning of period</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,494</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_pn3n3_zVU3znQ41zO4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Adjustment
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(334</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount_pn3n3_zlRDKdikJcD8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Impairments</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1613">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1614">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1615">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1616">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iE_pn3n3_zjHMKRCHDtvi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance,
    end of the period</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,507</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,409</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,507</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,409</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Unrealized (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_znfBJap9mDC6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrealized
gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value included the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BE_zm0i4fLBbp02" style="display: none">Schedule of Unrealized (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230201__20230430_znmgMvWgBL78" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20220201__20220430_zdPPacxbU2Pk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220801__20230430_zhCalrT0zFke" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220430_z0k2lAlXdOy4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
    Months Ended <br/>April 30,</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_pn3n3_zFvi8da97Zec" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
    losses recognized during the period on equity investments</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(480</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3,416</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,649</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(20,862</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_pn3n3_zA4nwdYpcrb2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Less:
    net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1638">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1639">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zFE06mxWmb7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrealized
    losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(480</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3,416</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,667</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(20,872</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
unrealized gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230201__20230430_z2GGxsp1lUy4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20220201__20220430_zBqKMpaS6Hs8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430_zb1oG9Ho6io3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20210801__20220430_z64pZfS1BDD2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrealized
    gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_zCyTaR652Jd7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 44%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
    Class B common stock</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(578</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(14,064</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_zgtlo6XmDNq6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Zedge
    Class B common stock</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(102</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(33</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(432</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_z73S8P20aA56" style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span>(3,416</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2,667</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(20,872</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
</table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock', window );">Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_zt3i8Q2y9hah" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s equity method investment:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B8_z7TAiV2rHIJc" style="display: none">&#160;Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"/>




<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230201__20230430_zpRkxqKAOsU" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20220201__20220430_zyWm0uthB5l8" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430_zIgSfXPtUqrf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20210801__20220430_z5aU3avO7Cwg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
30,</b></span></p>

</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="13" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
                                            thousands)</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iS_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_z0QoRIAu76Uj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance,
    beginning of period</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(374</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,509</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,001</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,901</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zwKkNQeeyVvj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Purchase
    of convertible preferred stock</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">168</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1698">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">168</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,051</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zfKLAFL3owaa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Conversion of secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">4,038</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1703">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">4,038</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1705">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zRw9QDXluckl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
    in the net loss of investee</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zES6sSMmDC9c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amortization
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iE_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zDAU6iJ1eaM8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance,
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,744</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,064</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of Statements of Operations</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89E_ecustom--EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock_zJTJ5LrzbDj5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Summarized
financial information of the EMI was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;<span id="xdx_8B9_zLSMYjKuwAP1" style="display: none">Summary of Statements of Operations</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20230201__20230430__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_ztEACSqgXnNd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zuzVKsFjXfMg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zVn7C9zZxjxk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zPRdPKgf7QM6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z1e7x5XkwNO8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Selling,
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingExpenses_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,773</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,667</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11,235</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Loss
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1,658</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,978</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717680967008">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis</a></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zyzqv2uUwtO8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41,987</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
    investments included in current assets</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zxaAZVg0AH0i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,776</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zuCDNdtEo8ic" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1773">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zFurvX5pIAuc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1775">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zT3iU6QjmIY8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,776</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
    investments included in noncurrent assets</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zKZgTiyWz3a5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1779">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zyFROpriiD63" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,500</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zf1Sbpn63RHk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,238</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zJWMTl7orlk8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,738</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zBiw8Uskwbf9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36,328</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zBRm4OH7Duce" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13,935</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zw5lVCTXgo74" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,238</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zbx2Xg4nOGve" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">51,501</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Acquisition
    consideration included in:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
    current liabilities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zLPHW1CAqpT1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1795">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zeMq0kDIjfl4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1797">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zIfYzuVhcqQd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,351</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
    noncurrent liabilities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zeUcvbTpbmIh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1803">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zXmW8JmBZRVg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1805">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z0R2AVzNOaY7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,773</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zyhAhwxfPAqd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,773</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zI01KAfxhSA6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1811">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zy0gfH1odbya" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1813">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zmUoo4C2GlU8" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5,124</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zpUX6U2syMTj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5,124</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    31, 2022</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Debt
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zcyp5c6YRFA1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13,734</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zhVNRcPktsFd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8,569</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zWRop5XbZ4L7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17,091</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zXvVqQumEHb4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1829">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_981_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zgPt0a40z5i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1831">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17,091</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
    investments included in noncurrent assets</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z7gslgMvLJSh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1835">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zo1UuGOUJZoe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,730</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z0oV34nVxxq" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,132</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z0mH0y3adAGj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,862</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zQ2BoiedTDje" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30,825</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zD79mTU76tKd" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10,299</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zMvVUGuLX304" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,132</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zDpquRDLD9kh" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42,256</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Acquisition
    consideration included in:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
    current liabilities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z9eT538uY2oe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1851">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zMLRSmxVT2Oj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1853">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zdTUvP0b8H97" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,578</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zawsLNNSbvc6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,578</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
    noncurrent liabilities</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zJ8HFfaKieD3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1859">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zxW3TREd3JLk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1861">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zQ7P9tdrovG6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5,968</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zq5XpgEHVIy4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5,968</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_981_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zkMoMw2MzW5a" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1867">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zSsyIIlViRxf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1869">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zES8y1pD2HD9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(8,546</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zTf76hRymS88" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(8,546</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F05_zOAAjbid9MY3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F14_zm8nvoH9NXjj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211; quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F06_zTI6Dnnk2TF" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F1E_z3TCk17oye55" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211; observable
inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F03_z7gmI8tqqlVh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F19_zzXBeoT4sL7c" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211; no observable
pricing inputs in the market</span></td>
</tr></table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zB5TnQAaNU9j" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B0_zUoWATVKiJZa" style="display: none">Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230201__20230430_zZxq6Wx2KaZa" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220201__20220430_zKz7LZcPiAC7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20220801__20230430_zqv0odRBigWk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220430_zwtj9yTh9ZTl" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                  <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                  <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iS_pn3n3_zyp7ozBtJR48" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iE_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance,
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_zeKIdnyEfSQe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Change
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1899">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1902">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zWA1iPKyT4bj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BC_z3jGqQPldNP2" style="display: none">Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
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    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iS_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance,
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8,546</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,025</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationLiabilityTransfersIntoLevel3_pn3n3_zsIoWWYINMgj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Transfer
    into Level 3 from acquisitions</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1911">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7,849</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1913">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7,849</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements_iN_pn3n3_di_z4e96jDiJZ6e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payments</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1,800</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1917">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2,175</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1919">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    losses (gains) included in:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings_pn3n3_zFIun3GbJQE" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8220;Other
    operating expense, net&#8221;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">216</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1922">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the fair value measurement of assets using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances, separately presenting changes during the period attributable to the following: (1) total gains or losses for the period (realized and unrealized), segregating those gains or losses included in earnings (or changes in net assets) and gains or losses recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), and a description of where those gains or losses included in earnings (or changes in net assets) are reported in the statement of income (or activities); (2) purchases, sales, issues, and settlements (each type disclosed separately); and (3) transfers in and transfers out of Level 3 (for example, transfers due to changes in the observability of significant inputs), by class of asset.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717681543600">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Variable Interest Entity (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Provided by (Repaid to) the Company by VIE</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_896_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_zdoNQZ4KMENb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s net income and aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B5_zAN0iCabUHwk" style="display: none">Schedule
of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Provided by (Repaid to) the Company by VIE</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"/>




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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>

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30,</b></span></p>

</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span><b><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/></b></p>
                                                               <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">208</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Aggregate
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(95</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock', window );">VIE&#8217;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89E_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_zWM3SIrnyuG1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s summarized consolidated balance sheet amounts are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BB_z5mHEiibUQi8" style="display: none">VIE&#8217;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            31, </b></span><b>2022</b></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td colspan="5" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in thousands)</b></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assets:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Restricted
    cash</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7,379</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,490</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--ReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trade
    accounts receivable, net</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prepaid
    expenses</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
    current assets</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,240</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,387</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DueFromRelatedPartiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Due
    from the Company</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1985">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">86</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Property,
    plant, and equipment, net</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">325</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">467</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">775</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">889</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Assets_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1998">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,559</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2007">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of condensed income statement, including, but not limited to, income statements of consolidated entities and consolidation eliminations.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717677373744">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Operating Expense, Net (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpenseNetTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Other Operating Expense, Net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_892_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpenseNetTableTextBlock_zjAzidNR6Pj7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the other operating expense, net by business segment:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_zwX1jRNfc1Ql" style="display: none">Schedule of Other Operating Expense, Net</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 91%; margin-left: 0.5in">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20230201__20230430_zAMeic05SZp6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b>&#160;</span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20220201__20220430_zQ9l69lN7Pwi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b>&#160;</span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20220801__20230430_zreQSwpiZfl5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b>&#160;</span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20210801__20220430_z2OxG59YC145" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b>&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Three
                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nine
                                            Months Ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April
                                            30,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b>&#160;</span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b>&#160;</span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b>&#160;</span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b>&#160;&#160;</span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--LegalFees_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENz4fO_z1B33P6TRJWi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate&#8212;Straight
    Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5,082</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5,081</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_pn3n3_maOOIENz4fO_zvnJrYeQc8U1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate&#8212;Straight
    Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">337</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,252</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,325</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,139</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENz4fO_zaGciAmeDnmk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fintech&#8212;write-off
    of contingent consideration liability</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2032">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2033">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,565</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2035">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_ecustom--FintechGovernmentGrants_pn3n3_maOOIENz4fO_zr33zZWIZR75" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fintech&#8212;
    government grants</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2037">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">382</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENz4fO_zGdU2i7mT91h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
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<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717677558992">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestAbstract', window );"><strong>Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#8217;s Noncontrolling Interest</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock_z8cn7RqS1vC7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_zg1oUscNVUx" style="display: none">Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#8217;s Noncontrolling Interest</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zvsCljEzjw2c" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b>&#160;</span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of redeemable noncontrolling interest (as defined) included in the statement of financial position as either a liability or temporary equity. As of the date of the statement of financial position, such redeemable noncontrolling interest is currently redeemable, as defined, for cash or other assets of the entity at (1) at a fixed or determinable price on a fixed or determinable date, (2) at the option of the holder of the noncontrolling interest, or (3) upon occurrence of an event that is not solely within the control of the entity.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717675752960">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Earnings Per Share (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_zoYFxBltRNK" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#8217;s
common stockholders consists of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B8_zeGvJ76SCEu3" style="display: none">Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
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    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pn3n3_zYfVqUFq8tI3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25,901</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25,706</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effect
    of dilutive securities:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements_pn3n3_zR7pznBRZRRe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
    options</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">301</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">575</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_pn3n3_zXjLi7WMx1X4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-vested
    restricted Class B common stock</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">87</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">174</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pn3n3_ziM6PtKEHg9c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26,205</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25,589</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26,455</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1278-109256<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128363288&amp;loc=d3e4984-109258<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717676390768">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_zuNLOlLWQ1k6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BD_zX8CQU4Wt2Ni" style="display: none">Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Loss</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Unrealized
                                            Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Foreign
                                            Currency Translation</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Accumulated
                                            Other Comprehensive Loss</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(in
    thousands)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance,
    July 31, 2022</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zIyQK66SbDdb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(546</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zH0xw3iIoRie" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(10,759</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zEVaXmHAuVJk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(11,305</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
    comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zIAM8r1ZDXFk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">81</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zYFXdI2FE0w" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3,251</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zlnWOFKF1Rjc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3,170</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Balance, April 30,
    2023</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zhUstnR38OJ9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(465</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zIiwTg9RVu4d" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(14,010</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zHyFVIGmKrz1" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(14,475</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450520&amp;loc=d3e32583-110901<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669686-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=118261656&amp;loc=d3e32211-110900<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717677297072">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Expense, Net (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock_zuFuZ7wApdWa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
expense, net consists of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B2_zkTrsRQlC8ve" style="display: none">Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 85%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230201__20230430_z1jt7qXKash2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                             <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/>

 <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/>

</td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Nine
                                            Months Ended</b></span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>April
                                            30,</b></span></p></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="14" style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
    thousands)</b></span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zzc09iAuB1Zf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Foreign
    currency transaction gains (losses)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">893</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(857</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,344</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(259</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zDYf64v52ejd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Equity
    in net loss of investee</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(768</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(765</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2,143</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2,208</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zBYhWT5lXZAj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Losses
    on investments, net</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(480</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3,416</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2,649</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(20,862</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--OtherIncome_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zFM0MX5QhK4b" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(30</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(162</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(905</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_iT_pn3n3_mtNIEzeRA_zWNp9xmLa8zb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
    other expense, net</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(382</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(5,068</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2,610</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(24,234</span></td><td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>


<span></span>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of non-operating income or non-operating expense that may include amounts earned from dividends, interest on securities, gains (losses) on securities sold, equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net gain (loss) on sales of business, interest expense and other miscellaneous income or expense items.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717673105728">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 299,295<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 328,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 935,047<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,035,494<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">(Loss) income from operations</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,328<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,783<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,921<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,787<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,215<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">61,995<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">46,044<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">(Loss) income from operations</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,318)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,112)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(613)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,978)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,073<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,383<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57,208<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,075<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">(Loss) income from operations</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,079<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,078<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,684<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,483<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">Net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,392<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,555<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">53,136<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,003<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">(Loss) income from operations</a></td>
<td class="num">(377)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,257)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,008)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,315)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">241,043<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">284,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">762,708<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">915,372<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">(Loss) income from operations</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,924<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,579<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,195<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57,804<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=us-gaap_CorporateMember', window );">Corporate Segment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">(Loss) income from operations</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (2,931)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,960)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (8,475)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (7,073)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=us-gaap_CorporateMember</td>
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<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717681565472">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Business Segment Information (Details Narrative)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
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<div>Apr. 30, 2023 </div>
<div>Segments</div>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of segments reported by the entity. A reportable segment is a component of an entity for which there is an accounting requirement to report separate financial information on that component in the entity's financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8672-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717678614528">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 299,295<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 328,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 935,047<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,035,494<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,787<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,215<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">61,995<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">46,044<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,073<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,383<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57,208<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,075<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">Net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,392<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,555<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">53,136<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,003<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">241,043<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">284,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">762,708<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">915,372<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember', window );">BOSS Revolution Money Transfer [Member] | Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,441<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,084<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">54,644<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,207<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_OtherMember', window );">Other [Member] | Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,346<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,131<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,351<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,837<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_OtherMember', window );">Other [Member] | Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,894<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,474<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,057<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,683<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember', window );">IDT Digital Payments [Member] | Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">101,030<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">115,864<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">316,207<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">360,594<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember', window );">BOSS Revolution Calling [Member] | Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">77,646<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">91,768<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">246,729<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">297,688<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTGlobalMember', window );">IDT Global [Member] | Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 54,473<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 67,094<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 174,715<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 229,407<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_OtherMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_OtherMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTGlobalMember</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717672734576">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
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<td class="nump">$ 299,295<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 328,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 935,047<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,035,494<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
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<td class="nump">215,622<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">234,005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">673,203<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">742,637<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB', window );">UNITED KINGDOM</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">64,415<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">74,567<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">202,355<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">233,647<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IDT_OthersMember', window );">Other [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,258<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,781<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">59,489<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">59,210<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=us-gaap_NonUsMember', window );">Non-US [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">83,673<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">94,348<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">261,844<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">292,857<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,787<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,215<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">61,995<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">46,044<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member] | UNITED STATES</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,124<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,716<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">59,991<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">44,683<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member] | UNITED KINGDOM</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member] | Other [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">663<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">499<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,004<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,361<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member] | Non-US [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">663<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">499<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,004<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,361<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,073<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,383<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57,208<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,075<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member] | UNITED STATES</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,073<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,383<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">57,208<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,075<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member] | UNITED KINGDOM</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member] | Other [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member] | Non-US [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">Net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,392<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,555<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">53,136<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,003<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">Net2 phone [Member] | UNITED STATES</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,571<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,732<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,888<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,713<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">Net2 phone [Member] | UNITED KINGDOM</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">Net2 phone [Member] | Other [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,821<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,823<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,248<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,290<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">Net2 phone [Member] | Non-US [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,821<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,823<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,248<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,290<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">241,043<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">284,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">762,708<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">915,372<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member] | UNITED STATES</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">166,854<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">198,174<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">528,116<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">644,166<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member] | UNITED KINGDOM</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">64,415<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">74,567<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">202,355<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">233,647<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member] | Other [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,774<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,459<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,237<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,559<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member] | Non-US [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 74,189<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 86,026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 234,592<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 271,206<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IDT_OthersMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IDT_OthersMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=us-gaap_NonUsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=us-gaap_NonUsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>56
<FILENAME>R46.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717675814752">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized', window );">Revenue recognized in the period from amounts included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 16,772<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,751<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 21,890<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,437<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized that was previously included in balance of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration from customer has been received or is due.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126920106&amp;loc=SL49130549-203045<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
</body>
</html>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>57
<FILENAME>R47.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717675681296">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent', window );">Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#8220;Other current assets&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,343<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,085<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent', window );">Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#8220;Other assets&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,542<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,469<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,885<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,554<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, of asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126905575&amp;loc=SL49131252-203054<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, of asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer; classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126905575&amp;loc=SL49131252-203054<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, of asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer; classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126905575&amp;loc=SL49131252-203054<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>58
<FILENAME>R48.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717675528896">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization', window );">Amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,226<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,121<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,631<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,163<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization expense for asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126905575&amp;loc=SL49131252-203054<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>59
<FILENAME>R49.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717675467536">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Lessee Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost', window );">Operating lease cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 817<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 743<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,384<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,130<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost', window );">Short-term lease cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">256<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">277<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">784<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">877<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeaseCost', window );">Total lease cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,073<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,020<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,168<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,007<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments', window );">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 842<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 724<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,431<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,089<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lease cost recognized by lessee for lease contract.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918686-209980<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123414884&amp;loc=SL77918982-209971<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeaseCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of single lease cost, calculated by allocation of remaining cost of lease over remaining lease term. Includes, but is not limited to, single lease cost, after impairment of right-of-use asset, calculated by amortization of remaining right-of-use asset and accretion of lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123414884&amp;loc=SL77918982-209971<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918686-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow from operating lease, excluding payments to bring another asset to condition and location necessary for its intended use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918643-209977<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918686-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of short-term lease cost, excluding expense for lease with term of one month or less.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918686-209980<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123414884&amp;loc=SL77918982-209971<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>60
<FILENAME>R50.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717677388064">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Lessee Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1', window );">Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years 6 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">2 years 9 months 18 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent', window );">Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent</a></td>
<td class="nump">3.60%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average discount rate for operating lease calculated at point in time.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(4)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918686-209980<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123414884&amp;loc=SL77918982-209971<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining lease term for operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123414884&amp;loc=SL77918982-209971<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918686-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717671453584">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Lessee Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities included in &#8220;Other current liabilities&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,811<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,899<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,572<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,606<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,383<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,505<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>62
<FILENAME>R52.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717679121168">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Lessee Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths', window );">2024</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo', window );">2025</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,658<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree', window );">2026</a></td>
<td class="nump">569<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour', window );">2027</a></td>
<td class="nump">379<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive', window );">2028</a></td>
<td class="nump">95<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive', window );">Thereafter</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue', window );">Total lease payments</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,702<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount', window );">Less imputed interest</a></td>
<td class="num">(319)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Total operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,383<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,505<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918701-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due after fifth rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918701-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due in fifth rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918701-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due in fourth rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918701-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due in third rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918701-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due in second rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918701-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due in next rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918701-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments in excess of discounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918701-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123391704&amp;loc=SL77918627-209977<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717676366608">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Leases (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost', window );">Incurred lease cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 817,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 743,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,384,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,130,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,700,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,200,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember', window );">Rafael Holdings Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost', window );">Incurred lease cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 33,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,400,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GeographicDistributionAxis=IDT_NewarkMember', window );">Newark [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription', window );">Lessee operating lease, description</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">The Newark
lease expires in April 2025 and the Israel lease expires in July 2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract', window );">Lessee, operating lease, term of contract</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract', window );">Lessee, operating lease, term of contract</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of lessee's operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918673-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Term of lessee's operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918673-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of single lease cost, calculated by allocation of remaining cost of lease over remaining lease term. Includes, but is not limited to, single lease cost, after impairment of right-of-use asset, calculated by amortization of remaining right-of-use asset and accretion of lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123414884&amp;loc=SL77918982-209971<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918686-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for operating lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123414884&amp;loc=SL77918982-209971<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128292326&amp;loc=SL77918686-209980<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GeographicDistributionAxis=IDT_NewarkMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GeographicDistributionAxis=IDT_NewarkMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
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<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717678277632">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 90,722<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 98,352<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">94,321<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">91,210<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 185,043<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 189,562<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 198,096<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 226,916<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>65
<FILENAME>R55.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717678296352">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 94,321<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 91,210<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value</a></td>
<td class="nump">90,722<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">98,352<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember', window );">IDT Financial Services Limited [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current</a></td>
<td class="nump">86,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">86,600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember', window );">IDT Payment Services [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 16,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 17,300<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>debit</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember</td>
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<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717676154288">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 42,452<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 22,849<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">91<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(556)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(547)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">41,987<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,303<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember', window );">Certificates of Deposit [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">4,080<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="num">(1)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">4,083<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,986<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember', window );">US Treasury Bill Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">30,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,848<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">85<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(93)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(114)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">30,552<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,734<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember', window );">US Government-sponsored Enterprises Debt Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,858<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(6)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,852<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember', window );">Corporate Bond Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,954<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,966<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(456)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(416)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,551<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember', window );">Municipal Bonds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,035<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,032<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Each of the Company&#8217;s certificates of deposit has a CUSIP,
was purchased in the secondary market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of unrealized gain in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27161-111563<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27161-111563<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amortized cost of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27161-111563<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124258926&amp;loc=SL82898722-210454<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(6))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124258926&amp;loc=SL82898722-210454<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124260329&amp;loc=d3e26610-111562<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (aa)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27161-111563<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717678248080">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesTradingAndAvailableForSaleAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Securities, Trading and Available-for-Sale [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue', window );">Within one year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 34,705<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue', window );">After one year through five years</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,109<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue', window );">After five years through ten years</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,127<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue', window );">After ten years</a></td>
<td class="nump">46<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 41,987<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 22,303<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing in sixth through tenth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27198-111563<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126980459&amp;loc=SL120269850-112803<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27161-111563<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing in second through fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27161-111563<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27198-111563<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126980459&amp;loc=SL120269850-112803<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(6))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124258926&amp;loc=SL82898722-210454<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124260329&amp;loc=d3e26610-111562<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (aa)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27161-111563<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717671958480">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 556<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 547<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="nump">24,254<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,646<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember', window );">Certificates of Deposit [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="nump">960<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,986<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember', window );">US Treasury Bill Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">93<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">114<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,998<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,734<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember', window );">US Government-sponsored Enterprises Debt Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,852<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember', window );">Corporate Bond Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">456<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">416<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,444<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,514<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember', window );">Municipal Bonds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,412<span></span>
</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in unrealized loss position without allowance for credit loss.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27290-111563<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124269663&amp;loc=SL82922888-210455<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121590138&amp;loc=SL82922954-210456<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated unrealized loss on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in unrealized loss position, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.</p></div>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717676644240">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 532<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 306<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,280<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,623<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember', window );">US Treasury Bill Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">78<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">72<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer</a></td>
<td class="nump">880<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">892<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember', window );">Corporate Bond Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">454<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">234<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,731<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in continuous unrealized loss position for more than 12 months, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124269663&amp;loc=SL82922890-210455<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27337-111563<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121590138&amp;loc=SL82922954-210456<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger</td>
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<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated unrealized loss on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27337-111563<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124269663&amp;loc=SL82922890-210455<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717672971760">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Debt Securities (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesTradingAndAvailableForSaleAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Securities, Trading and Available-for-Sale [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities', window );">Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6.8<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.7<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 34.3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7.8<span></span>
</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesTradingAndAvailableForSaleAbstract</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from sale, maturity, prepayment and call of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3151-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3179-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124260329&amp;loc=d3e26853-111562<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717671437184">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Equity Investments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Current equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,776<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 17,091<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,263<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,426<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember', window );">Other Marketable Equity Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Current equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,112<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,089<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_MutualFundMember', window );">Mutual Fund [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Current equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,994<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,299<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember', window );">Hedge Funds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,136<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,238<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember', window );">Other Investments [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,825<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">825<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Zedge Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Current equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">84<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">117<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Rafael Holdings Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Current equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">586<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">586<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series C Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Visa Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,238<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,132<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Visa Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,230<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,064<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI), classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(2))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123594786&amp;loc=SL75136599-209740<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount of investments that are intended to be held for an extended period of time (longer than one operating cycle).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(12))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_MutualFundMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_MutualFundMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_ZedgeIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_ZedgeIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_VisaIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_VisaIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>72
<FILENAME>R62.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717676221264">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Equity Investments (Details) (Parenthetical) - Common Class B [Member] - shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Zedge Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived', window );">Number of related party shares received</a></td>
<td class="nump">42,282<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,282<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Rafael Holdings Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived', window );">Number of related party shares received</a></td>
<td class="nump">278,810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">290,214<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of related party shares received.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_ZedgeIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_ZedgeIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>73
<FILENAME>R63.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717673039040">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount', window );">Balance, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,494<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,539<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,401<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,743<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer', window );">Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer</a></td>
<td class="nump">13<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(130)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">106<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(334)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount', window );">Impairments</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount', window );">Balance, end of the period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,507<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,409<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,507<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,409<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in equity security without readily determinable fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126980263&amp;loc=SL75117539-209714<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of impairment loss on investment in equity security without readily determinable fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126980263&amp;loc=SL75117539-209714<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>74
<FILENAME>R64.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717678231312">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Unrealized (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss', window );">Net losses recognized during the period on equity investments</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (480)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,416)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,649)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (20,862)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed', window );">Less: net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</a></td>
<td class="num">(480)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,416)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,667)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(20,872)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Rafael Class B Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</a></td>
<td class="nump">11<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(578)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,064)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Zedge Class B Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (9)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (102)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (33)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (432)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of recognized unrealized gain (loss) net on equity securities redeemed (FV-NI).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized and realized gain (loss) on investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126980263&amp;loc=SL75117546-209714<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized gain (loss) on investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(3)(d))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126980263&amp;loc=SL75117546-209714<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717675580656">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 168<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,051<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Conversion of secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,038<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Equity in the net loss of investee</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (768)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (765)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,143)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,208)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember', window );">Equity Method Investee [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments', window );">Balance, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="num">(374)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,509<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,901<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">168<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">168<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,051<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Conversion of secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,038<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,038<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Equity in the net loss of investee</a></td>
<td class="num">(532)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(583)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,544)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,662)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference', window );">Amortization of equity method basis difference</a></td>
<td class="num">(236)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(182)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(599)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(546)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments', window );">Balance, end of the period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,064<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,744<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,064<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,744<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amortization of equity method basis difference.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Conversion of equity method investments secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This item represents the carrying amount on the entity's balance sheet of its investment in common stock of an equity method investee. This is not an indicator of the fair value of the investment, rather it is the initial cost adjusted for the entity's share of earnings and losses of the investee, adjusted for any distributions (dividends) and other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109237563&amp;loc=d3e33749-111570<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(10))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8813-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) for proportionate share of equity method investee's income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(12))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(10))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(13)(f))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109237563&amp;loc=d3e33749-111570<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the purchase of or advances to an equity method investments, which are investments in joint ventures and entities in which the entity has an equity ownership interest normally of 20 to 50 percent and exercises significant influence.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717672518272">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Statements of Operations (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 299,295<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 328,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 935,047<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,035,494<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">68,574<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">62,772<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">202,591<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">183,948<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total costs and expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">284,154<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">314,846<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">882,316<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">993,864<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Loss from operations</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">10,377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,328<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,783<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,921<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other expense</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(382)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,068)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,610)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(24,234)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,744<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,106<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,608<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,017<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember', window );">Equity Method Investee [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">2,115<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,689<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,806<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,760<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization', window );">Direct cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,693<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,402<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,921<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,307<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">2,080<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,265<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,488<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,928<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total costs and expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,667<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,409<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,235<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Loss from operations</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(1,658)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,978)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,603)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,475)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other expense</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(266)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(82)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,108)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(83)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (1,924)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,060)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,711)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,558)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Stock-based compensation
    included in selling, general and administrative expenses</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cost of product sold and service rendered, excluding depreciation, depletion, and amortization.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(2)(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(2)(d))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of income or expense from ancillary business-related activities (that is to say, excluding major activities considered part of the normal operations of the business).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8924-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.4)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717671129552">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity Investments (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">2 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 10, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 02, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 06, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 28, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities', window );">Proceeds from sale of common stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 34,309,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,752,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Payments to purchase additional shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">168,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,051,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity', window );">Equity method investment, aggregate cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment', window );">Equity Method Investment, Difference Between Carrying Amount and Underlying Equity, Accounting Treatment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">These
basis differences are being amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember', window );">Equity Method Investee [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Payments to purchase additional shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 168,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 168,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,051,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount', window );">Increase in secured debt including accrued interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate', window );">Receivable with imputed interest, effective yield (Interest rate)</a></td>
<td class="nump">15.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember', window );">Equity Method Investee [Member] | February 2023 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates', window );">Receivable with imputed interest, due date</a></td>
<td class="text">Feb. 28,  2023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember', window );">Equity Method Investee [Member] | April 2023 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates', window );">Receivable with imputed interest, due date</a></td>
<td class="text">Apr. 30,  2023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember', window );">EMI Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Payments to purchase additional shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 700,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Equity method investment, ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33.30%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_UnrestrictedCommonClassBOfRafaelHoldingsIncMember', window );">Unrestricted Common Class B of Rafael Holdings Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived', window );">Related party shares received</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,320<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Class B Common Stock [Member] | Rafael Holdings Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares', window );">Owned shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,404<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">261,894<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember', window );">Visa Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares', window );">Owned shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion', window );">Convertible preferred stock, shares issued upon conversion</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.645<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember', window );">Visa Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock [Member] | Visa Class A Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares', window );">Owned shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities', window );">Proceeds from sale of common stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember', window );">Visa Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount', window );">Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, upward price adjustment, annual amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueDownwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount', window );">Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, downward price adjustment, annual amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series B Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Equity Method Investee [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Payments to purchase additional shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Equity method investment, ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23.95%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series C Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Equity Method Investee [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Payments to purchase additional shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Equity method investment, ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26.57%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of related party shares received.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued for each share of convertible preferred stock that is converted.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(27))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21475-112644<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=SL123496180-112644<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21506-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Difference between amount at which an investment accounted for under the equity method of accounting is carried (reported) on the balance sheet and amount of underlying equity in net assets the reporting Entity has in the investee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of the accounting treatment for the difference between the amount at which an investment accounted for under the equity method of accounting is reported on the balance sheet and the amount of underlying equity in net assets the reporting entity has in the investee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The percentage of ownership of common stock or equity participation in the investee accounted for under the equity method of accounting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueDownwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of loss from downward price adjustment on investment in equity security without readily determinable fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126980263&amp;loc=SL75117539-209714<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueDownwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain from upward price adjustment on investment in equity security without readily determinable fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126980263&amp;loc=SL75117539-209714<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Balance held at close of period in number of shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=99383244&amp;loc=d3e12121-115841<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-12B(Column B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=122147990&amp;loc=d3e611197-123010<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the purchase of or advances to an equity method investments, which are investments in joint ventures and entities in which the entity has an equity ownership interest normally of 20 to 50 percent and exercises significant influence.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the aggregate amount received by the entity through sale or maturity of marketable securities (held-to-maturity or available-for-sale) during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the receivable or note with imputed interest is due, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124435984&amp;loc=d3e28551-108399<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Yield on the receivable, on which interest has been imputed, as calculated from its issuance value or purchase price. The calculated effective interest rate considers factors such as the issued face value or price paid for the receivable, the time period between payments, and the time until maturity [full receipt] of the receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124435984&amp;loc=d3e28551-108399<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124429444&amp;loc=SL124452920-239629<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The principal amount of the receivable or note before consideration of the discount or premium.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124435984&amp;loc=d3e28551-108399<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124429444&amp;loc=SL124452920-239629<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=IDT_FebruaryTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=IDT_FebruaryTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=IDT_AprilTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=IDT_AprilTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_UnrestrictedCommonClassBOfRafaelHoldingsIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_UnrestrictedCommonClassBOfRafaelHoldingsIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717673314832">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 41,987<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 22,303<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Fair Value, Recurring [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">41,987<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">22,303<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset', window );">Equity investments included in current assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">5,776<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">17,091<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets', window );">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,738<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">2,862<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">51,501<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">42,256<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(2,351)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(2,578)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(2,773)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(5,968)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(5,124)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(8,546)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member', window );">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">30,552<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">13,734<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset', window );">Equity investments included in current assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">5,776<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">17,091<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets', window );">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">36,328<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">30,825<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member', window );">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">11,435<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">8,569<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset', window );">Equity investments included in current assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets', window );">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">2,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,730<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">13,935<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">10,299<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member', window );">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset', window );">Equity investments included in current assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets', window );">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,238<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,132<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,238<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,132<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="num">(2,351)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(2,578)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="num">(2,773)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(5,968)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (5,124)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (8,546)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">&#8211; quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">&#8211; observable
inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[3]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">&#8211; no observable
pricing inputs in the market</td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Contingent consideration included in other liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity investments included in current assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity investments included in noncurrent assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(6))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124258926&amp;loc=SL82898722-210454<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124260329&amp;loc=d3e26610-111562<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (aa)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27161-111563<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability recognized arising from contingent consideration in a business combination, expected to be settled within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6911189&amp;loc=d3e6408-128476<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph b<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126966325&amp;loc=d3e6819-128478<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability recognized arising from contingent consideration in a business combination, expected to be settled beyond one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6911189&amp;loc=d3e6408-128476<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph b<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126966325&amp;loc=d3e6819-128478<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value portion of investment securities, including, but not limited to, marketable securities, derivative financial instruments, and investments accounted for under the equity method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126976982&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717676392304">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue', window );">Balance, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,225<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,261<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,132<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,465<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1', window );">Total gains (losses) recognized in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">13<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(130)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">106<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(334)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue', window );">Balance, end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,238<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,131<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,238<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,131<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized gain (loss) recognized in income from asset measured at fair value on recurring basis using unobservable input (level 3) and still held.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126976982&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income from asset measured at fair value on recurring basis using unobservable input (level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126976982&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of financial instrument classified as an asset measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126976982&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717675622304">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue', window );">Balance, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,609<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 703<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,546<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationLiabilityTransfersIntoLevel3', window );">Transfer into Level 3 from acquisitions</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,849<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,849<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements', window );">Payments</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,800)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,175)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings', window );">&#8220;Other operating expense, net&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">216<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,349)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(303)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense', window );">Interest expense included in &#8220;Interest income, net&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">97<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">97<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome', window );">&#8220;Foreign currency translation adjustment&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(23)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue', window );">Balance, end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,124<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,548<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,124<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,548<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for liabilities held at the end of the period</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value measurement on recurring basis, interest expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized gain (loss) recognized in income from liability measured at fair value on recurring basis using unobservable input (level 3) and still held.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126976982&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of transfers of financial instrument classified as a liability into level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126976982&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationLiabilityTransfersIntoLevel3</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income from liability measured at fair value on recurring basis using unobservable input (level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126976982&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI) from liability measured at fair value on recurring basis using unobservable input (level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126976982&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of settlements of financial instrument classified as a liability measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126976982&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of financial instrument classified as a liability measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126976982&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717673125968">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds', window );">Investment in hedge funds</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,200<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities', window );">Contingent consideration payment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1', window );">Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember', window );">Other Operating Income (Expense) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1', window );">Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment', window );">Estimated fair value of contingent consideration</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Investment in hedge funds.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in the value of a contingent consideration liability, including, but not limited to, differences arising upon settlement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975305&amp;loc=d3e7008-128479<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of addition (reduction) to the amount at which a liability could be incurred (settled) in a current transaction between willing parties.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow, made soon after acquisition date of business combination, to settle contingent consideration liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717672925872">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Provided by (Repaid to) the Company by VIE (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount', window );">Net income of the VIE</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 43<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 72<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 208<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 72<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity', window );">Aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company, net</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (95)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Variable interest entity aggregate funding repaid to provided by reporting entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Variable interest entity net income losst amount</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717673075680">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>VIE&#8217;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems', window );"><strong>Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 90,722<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 98,352<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Trade accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">65,942<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64,315<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,575<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,526<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,211<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,773<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property, plant, and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">39,083<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,866<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Other intangibles, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,483<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,609<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">518,226<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">497,094<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Trade accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">29,715<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29,080<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">109,177<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">117,109<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">42,762<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,588<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(14,475)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,305)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest', window );">Noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,564<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,022<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities and noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">518,226<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">497,094<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember', window );">Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems', window );"><strong>Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,607<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,808<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent', window );">Restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,379<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,490<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Trade accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">101<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,240<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,387<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DueFromRelatedPartiesCurrent', window );">Due from the Company</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">86<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property, plant, and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">325<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">467<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Other intangibles, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">775<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">889<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,432<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,172<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Trade accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">19<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,553<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,559<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesNoncurrent', window );">Due to the Company</a></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">49<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest', window );">Noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,602<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities and noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,432<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,172<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accumulated change in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, net of tax effect, at period end. Excludes Net Income (Loss), and accumulated changes in equity from transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Includes foreign currency translation items, certain pension adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on certain investments in debt and equity securities, other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses related to factors other than credit losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities that an entity does not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis, as well as changes in the fair value of derivatives related to the effective portion of a designated cash flow hedge.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669686-108580<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124501264&amp;loc=SL117420844-207641<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124501264&amp;loc=SL117420844-207641<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e681-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(11))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -URI 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-Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8933-108599<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=116870748&amp;loc=SL6758485-165988<br><br>Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(18))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8906-108599<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DueFromRelatedPartiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of receivables to be collected from related parties where one party can exercise control or significant influence over another party; including affiliates, owners or officers and their immediate families, pension trusts, and so forth, at the financial statement date. which are usually due within one year (or one business cycle).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(C))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6457730&amp;loc=d3e39549-107864<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(3)(a)(2))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(k)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DueFromRelatedPartiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Portion of the carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of obligations due all related parties that is payable after one year or beyond the normal operating cycle if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(k)(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6457730&amp;loc=d3e39549-107864<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.23)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(C))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DueToRelatedPartiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(23))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(25))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(32))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which is directly or indirectly attributable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (that is, noncontrolling interest, previously referred to as minority interest).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(24))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=123596393&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.31)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442526-122756<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114001798&amp;loc=d3e33918-111571<br><br>Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(22))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975872&amp;loc=SL124442552-122756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated amortization of finite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits within a future period of one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124098289&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6387103&amp;loc=d3e6435-108320<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126905020&amp;loc=d3e5879-108316<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(7))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124429447&amp;loc=SL124453093-239630<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount due to the entity within one year of the balance sheet date (or one operating cycle, if longer) from outside sources, including trade accounts receivable, notes and loans receivable, as well as any other types of receivables, net of allowances established for the purpose of reducing such receivables to an amount that approximates their net realizable value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-06(3))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120401414&amp;loc=d3e604059-122996<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84165509&amp;loc=d3e56426-112766<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126999549&amp;loc=SL98516268-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717672655552">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Other Operating Expense, Net (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LegalFees', window );">Corporate&#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (973)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,410)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,082)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,081)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds', window );">Corporate&#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims</a></td>
<td class="nump">337<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,252<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,325<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,139<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1', window );">Fintech&#8212;write-off of contingent consideration liability</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_FintechGovernmentGrants', window );">Fintech&#8212; government grants</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">382<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability', window );">net2phone&#8212;write-off of contingent consideration liability</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">303<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_Net2PhoneOtherNet', window );">net2phone&#8212;other</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(10)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim', window );">Traditional Communications&#8212; cable telephony customer indemnification claim</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,912)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(33)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,925)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(68)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability', window );">Traditional Communications&#8212;contingent consideration liability</a></td>
<td class="num">(216)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(216)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther', window );">Traditional Communications&#8212;other</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Total other operating expense, net</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (4,764)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (179)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,948)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (709)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Business combination contingent consideration arrangements change in amount of contingent consideration liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_FintechGovernmentGrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fintech&amp;#8212; government grants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_FintechGovernmentGrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_Net2PhoneOtherNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net2phone other, net.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_Net2PhoneOtherNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Traditional communications contingent consideration liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Traditional communications other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in the value of a contingent consideration liability, including, but not limited to, differences arising upon settlement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126975305&amp;loc=d3e7008-128479<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LegalFees">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense provided in the period for legal costs incurred on or before the balance sheet date pertaining to resolved, pending or threatened litigation, including arbitration and mediation proceedings.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.3)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LegalFees</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of other operating income and expenses, the components of which are not separately disclosed on the income statement, from items that are associated with the entity's normal revenue producing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of insurance proceeds for an event or transaction that is unusual in nature or infrequent in occurrence, or both.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=114868883&amp;loc=SL114871943-224233<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>85
<FILENAME>R75.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717672809904">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Operating Expense, Net (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>May 10, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 08, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability', window );">Estimated fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration liability</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 216<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 216<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim', window );">Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,912<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,925<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 68<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember', window );">Indemnification Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim', window );">Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid', window );">Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim, paid</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimToBePaid', window );">Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim, reminder</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember', window );">Traditional Communications Segment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability', window );">Estimated fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration liability</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim, paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimToBePaid">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim, reminder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimToBePaid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Traditional communications contingent consideration liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>86
<FILENAME>R76.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717678600544">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revolving Credit Facility (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 17, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit', window );">Proceeds from lines of credit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,383<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,566<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit', window );">Repayments of lines of credit</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,383<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,566<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_IDTTelecomMember', window );">IDT Telecom [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit', window );">Proceeds from lines of credit</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit', window );">Repayments of lines of credit</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember', window );">Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | TD Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity', window );">Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCredit', window );">Revolving credit amount outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription', window );">Credit facility, description</a></td>
<td class="text">The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT
Telecom&#8217;s assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum at the Intercontinental Exchange Benchmark Administration
Ltd. LIBOR multiplied by the Regulation D maximum reserve requirement plus 125 to 175 basis points, depending upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s
leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter. Interest is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued
and unpaid interest is due on May 16, 2024. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee on the average daily balance of the unused
portion of the $25.0 million commitment of 30 to 85 basis points, depending upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the
most recent fiscal quarter.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity', window );">Revolving credit, unused portion amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the current and noncurrent portions of long-term obligations drawn from a line of credit, which is a bank's commitment to make loans up to a specific amount. Examples of items that might be included in the application of this element may consist of letters of credit, standby letters of credit, and revolving credit arrangements, under which borrowings can be made up to a maximum amount as of any point in time conditional on satisfaction of specified terms before, as of and after the date of drawdowns on the line. Includes short-term obligations that would normally be classified as current liabilities but for which (a) postbalance sheet date issuance of a long term obligation to refinance the short term obligation on a long term basis, or (b) the enterprise has entered into a financing agreement that clearly permits the enterprise to refinance the short-term obligation on a long term basis and the following conditions are met (1) the agreement does not expire within 1 year and is not cancelable by the lender except for violation of an objectively determinable provision, (2) no violation exists at the BS date, and (3) the lender has entered into the financing agreement is expected to be financially capable of honoring the agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(16))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of the terms of a credit facility arrangement. Terms typically include interest rate, collateral required, guarantees required, repayment requirements, and restrictions on use of assets and activities of the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Maximum borrowing capacity under the credit facility without consideration of any current restrictions on the amount that could be borrowed or the amounts currently outstanding under the facility.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of borrowing capacity currently available under the credit facility (current borrowing capacity less the amount of borrowings outstanding).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from contractual arrangement with the lender, including but not limited to, letter of credit, standby letter of credit and revolving credit arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow for payment of an obligation from a lender, including but not limited to, letter of credit, standby letter of credit and revolving credit arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3291-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120395691&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_IDTTelecomMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_IDTTelecomMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=IDT_TDBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=IDT_TDBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717670563680">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>May 17, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 14, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 05, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Proceeds from exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 137<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Number of exercised of stock options, value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 137<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Share based compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,679<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,245<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,840<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased', window );">Shares remained available for repurchase under stock repurchase program</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,900,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,900,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember', window );">Deferred Stock Units [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue', window );">Estimated fair value of DSUs on date of grant</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted average grant date fair value per DSU</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.20<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized', window );">Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested DSUs</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized', window );">Stock additionally authorized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Proceeds from exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Number of exercised of stock options shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Deferred Stock Units [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription', window );">Deferred stock units, description</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">On
November 30, 2022, the Company adopted an equity incentive program (under its 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan) in the form of
grants of deferred stock units (&#8220;DSUs&#8221;) that, upon vesting, will entitle the grantees to receive shares of the
Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. In the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company granted an aggregate of 193,225
DSUs to certain of its executive officers and other employees. The number of shares that will be issuable on each vesting date will
vary between 50% to 200% of the number of DSUs that vest on that vesting date, depending on the market price for the underlying
Class B common stock on the vesting date relative to the base price approved by the Compensation Committee of the Company&#8217;s
Board of Directors of $25.45
per share (which was based on the market price at the time of the initial grants under this program). On May 17, 2023, the first vesting date under the
program, in accordance with the program and based on certain elections made by grantees, the Company issued 41,945
shares of its Class B common stock for vested DSUs. Based on those elections, vesting for 30,909
DSUs was delayed until February 21, 2024. Subject to continued full time employment or other service to the Company, the remaining
DSUs are scheduled to vest on February 21, 2024 and February 25, 2025. The grantees will have the right to elect a later vesting date
no later than January 19, 2024 for the February 21, 2024 vesting date. A grantee will have the option to elect a later vesting date
for one-half or all of the shares scheduled to vest on February 21, 2024 and any DSUs that do not vest based on the grantee&#8217;s
election, will be eligible to vest on February 25, 2025. The Company estimated that the fair value of the DSUs on the date of grants
was an aggregate of $5.2
million, which is being recognized on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service periods ending in February 2025. The Company
used a risk neutral Monte Carlo simulation method in its valuation of the DSUs, which simulated the range of possible future values
of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock over the life of the DSUs.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted', window );">Number of deferred stock units granted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">193,225<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod', window );">Number of shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">301,296<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Deferred Stock Units [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod', window );">Number of shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,945<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Deferred Stock Units [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member] | February 21, 2024 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingDeferredInPeriod', window );">Number of shares vested</a></td>
<td class="nump">30,909<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Class B Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod', window );">Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased', window );">Aggregate repurchased shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired', window );">Class B common stock shares repurchased</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">280,130<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember', window );">Executive Officer [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock', window );">Performance bonus paid in cash stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember', window );">Executive Officer [Member] | Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,543<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Issuance of shares, value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Number of restricted shares granted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Share based compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod', window );">Vesting period</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">February
2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=IDT_BoardOfDirectorsMember', window );">Board of Directors [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharePrice', window );">Share price</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25.45<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=IDT_HowardSJonasMember', window );">Howard S Jonas [Member] | Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Number of exercised of stock options shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice', window );">Exercise price of stock options</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14.93<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14.93<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate', window );">Stock option expiration date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">May  01,  2022<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">May  01,  2022<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised', window );">Number of exercised of stock options shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">528,635<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Number of exercised of stock options, value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding', window );">Number of shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137,364<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod', window );">Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=IDT_EmployeeMember', window );">Employee [Member] | Common Class B [Member] | 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Number of restricted shares granted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Share based compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=IDT_EmployeesMember', window );">Employees [Member] | Class B Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod', window );">Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired', window );">Class B common stock shares repurchased</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,547<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,438<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Performance bonus paid in cash stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award equity instruments other than options grants in period grant date fair value</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingDeferredInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award equity instruments other than options vesting deferred in period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingDeferredInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Vesting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangements by share based payment award option exercise price.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock issued during period shares used for stock options exercised.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock issued during period shares used for tax withholding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost not yet recognized for nonvested award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from exercise of option under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=SL79508275-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of terms of share-based payment arrangement. Includes, but is not limited to, type of award or grantee and reason for issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5047-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(01)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value at grant date for nonvested equity-based awards issued during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(01)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that vested during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(02)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the equity-based award expires, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net number of non-option equity instruments granted to participants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(1)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of additional shares authorized for issuance under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Price of a single share of a number of saleable stocks of a company.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120397183&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(02)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=128089324&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120397183&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the value of new stock issued during the period. Includes shares issued in an initial public offering or a secondary public offering.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120397183&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued as a result of the exercise of stock options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120397183&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-31)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares authorized to be repurchased by an entity's Board of Directors under a stock repurchase plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The remaining number of shares authorized to be repurchased by an entity's Board of Directors under a stock repurchase plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares that have been repurchased during the period and are being held in treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120397183&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the cost of common and preferred stock that were repurchased during the period. Recorded using the cost method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6405813&amp;loc=d3e23239-112655<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120397183&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#8217;s Noncontrolling Interest (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
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<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 36<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 258<span></span>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of Net Income (Loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.19)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717678307072">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (Details Narrative) - Common Class B [Member] - National Retail Solutions [Member]<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 29, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems', window );"><strong>Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction', window );">Capital stock outstanding percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">2.50%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction', window );">Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 10<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sale of stock percentage of subsidiary equity issued in transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash received on stock transaction after deduction of issuance costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717679141344">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares<br> shares in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Basic weighted-average number of shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,518<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,901<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,544<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,706<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements', window );">Stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">7<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">301<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">575<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends', window );">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">174<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Diluted weighted-average number of shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,612<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,205<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,589<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,455<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of additional shares included in diluted EPS for potentially dilutive effect of nonvested equity-based payment award containing forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents, whether paid or unpaid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 68B<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=SL5498026-109256<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28A<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1500-109256<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1707-109256<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 23<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1757-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Additional shares included in the calculation of diluted EPS as a result of the potentially dilutive effect of share based payment arrangements using the treasury stock method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126962052&amp;loc=d3e4991-113900<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1707-109256<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28A<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1500-109256<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 23<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1757-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1505-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126958026&amp;loc=d3e1448-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717676546608">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Earnings Per Share (Details Narrative) - shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Anti-dilutive earnings per share</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) or earnings per unit (EPU) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS or EPU because to do so would increase EPS or EPU amounts or decrease loss per share or unit amounts for the period presented.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124432515&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717678582656">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,305)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (764)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (253)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,170)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,158)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="num">(14,475)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,475)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember', window );">AOCI, Accumulated Gain (Loss), Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Parent [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(546)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">81<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="num">(465)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(465)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember', window );">Accumulated Foreign Currency Adjustment Attributable to Parent [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(10,759)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,251)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (14,010)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (14,010)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accumulated change in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, net of tax effect, at period end. Excludes Net Income (Loss), and accumulated changes in equity from transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Includes foreign currency translation items, certain pension adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on certain investments in debt and equity securities, other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses related to factors other than credit losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities that an entity does not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis, as well as changes in the fair value of derivatives related to the effective portion of a designated cash flow hedge.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120391452&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669686-108580<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124501264&amp;loc=SL117420844-207641<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124501264&amp;loc=SL117420844-207641<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=d3e681-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669619-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431353&amp;loc=SL124442407-227067<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126973232&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=118261656&amp;loc=d3e32136-110900<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124507222&amp;loc=d3e1436-108581<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=118261656&amp;loc=d3e32211-110900<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450520&amp;loc=d3e32583-110901<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124431353&amp;loc=SL124442411-227067<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126968391&amp;loc=SL7669625-108580<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(23))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717670549056">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2021</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent', window );">Accrued liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 29.1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 33.2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PurchaseObligation', window );">Purchase obligation</a></td>
<td class="nump">7.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding', window );">Performance bonds outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">25.8<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss', window );">Accrued liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.8<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember', window );">Federal Telecommunications Relay Services Fund [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss', window );">Accrued liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.9<span></span>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>In certain circumstances, the company is required to provide performance bonds in connection with its contractual commitments. Company has indemnified the surety for any expenses paid out under these performance bonds.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
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<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.15(5))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126897435&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03.15(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126734703&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reflects the estimated amount of loss from the specified contingency as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121557415&amp;loc=d3e14435-108349<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121557415&amp;loc=d3e14557-108349<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124440162&amp;loc=d3e12021-110248<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PurchaseObligation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount of purchase arrangement in which the entity has agreed to expend funds to procure goods or services from a supplier.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PurchaseObligation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_UniversalServiceFundMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_UniversalServiceFundMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717673042336">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">9 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized', window );">Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 893<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (857)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,344<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (259)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Equity in net loss of investee</a></td>
<td class="num">(768)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(765)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,143)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,208)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Losses on investments, net</a></td>
<td class="num">(480)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,416)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,649)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(20,862)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncome', window );">Other</a></td>
<td class="num">(27)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(30)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(162)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(905)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Total other expense, net</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (382)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,068)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,610)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (24,234)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before tax of foreign currency transaction realized gain (loss) recognized in the income statement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=124440516&amp;loc=d3e30840-110895<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=125521441&amp;loc=d3e30690-110894<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126970911&amp;loc=d3e27405-111563<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7(c),9(a))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) for proportionate share of equity method investee's income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(12))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(10))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126954810&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(13)(f))<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120399700&amp;loc=SL114874048-224260<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126901519&amp;loc=d3e8736-108599<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=109237563&amp;loc=d3e33749-111570<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of income or expense from ancillary business-related activities (that is to say, excluding major activities considered part of the normal operations of the business).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=126953954&amp;loc=SL114868664-224227<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherIncome">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue and income classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04.4)<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=120400993&amp;loc=SL114874131-224263<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherIncome</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>95
<FILENAME>R85.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140717677523648">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Details Narrative)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">9 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=121826272&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br></p></div>
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    <us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock_zgMv85xtJ2pf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
1&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82A_zIAjJFgwBs5"&gt;Basis of Presentation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of IDT Corporation and its subsidiaries (the &#x201c;Company&#x201d; or &#x201c;IDT&#x201d;)
have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&#x201c;U.S. GAAP&#x201d;)
for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include
all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments
(consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the
three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending
July 31, 2023. The balance sheet at July 31, 2022 has been derived from the Company&#x2019;s audited financial statements at that date
but does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information,
please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company&#x2019;s Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#x201c;SEC&#x201d;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s fiscal year ends on July 31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending
in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2023 refers to the fiscal year ending July 31, 2023).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock_zI1frg19bmw2" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
2&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_821_zX04mWke2HTf"&gt;Business Segment Information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of August 1, 2022, the Company revised its reportable business segments primarily to reflect the growth of its financial technology businesses
and their increased contributions to the Company&#x2019;s consolidated results. The Company&#x2019;s &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--NumberOfReportableSegments_dc_uSegments_c20220801__20230430_ztfCEDrdOQja"&gt;four&lt;/span&gt; reportable business segments,
Fintech, National Retail Solutions (&#x201c;NRS&#x201d;), net2phone, and Traditional Communications, reflect management&#x2019;s current
approach to analyzing results, its resource allocation strategy, and its assessment of business performance. NRS was previously included
in the Company&#x2019;s Fintech segment. In addition, certain lines of business were reclassified to the Fintech segment from the Traditional
Communications segment. Comparative segment information has been reclassified and restated in all periods to conform to the current period
presentation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s reportable segments are distinguished by types of service, customers, and methods used to provide their services. The
operating results of these business segments are regularly reviewed by the Company&#x2019;s chief operating decision maker. The accounting
policies of the segments are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. There are no significant asymmetrical allocations
to segments. The Company evaluates the performance of its business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Fintech segment is comprised of BOSS Money, a provider of international money remittance and related value/payment transfer services,
as well as other, significantly smaller, financial services businesses, including Leaf Global Fintech Corporation (&#x201c;Leaf&#x201d;),
a provider of digital wallet services in emerging markets, a variable interest entity (&#x201c;VIE&#x201d;) that operates
money transfer businesses (see Note 9), and IDT Financial Services Limited (&#x201c;IDT Financial Services&#x201d;), the Company&#x2019;s
Gibraltar-based bank.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
NRS segment is an operator of a nationwide point of sale (&#x201c;POS&#x201d;) network providing independent retailers with store management
software, electronic payment processing, and other ancillary merchant services. NRS&#x2019; POS
platform provides marketers with digital out-of-home advertising and transaction data.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
net2phone segment is comprised of net2phone&#x2019;s cloud communications offerings.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Traditional Communications segment includes IDT Digital Payments (formerly Mobile Top-Up), which enables customers to transfer
airtime and bundles of airtime, messaging, and data to international and domestic mobile accounts, BOSS Revolution Calling, an
international long-distance calling service marketed primarily to immigrant communities in the United States and Canada, and IDT
Global, a wholesale provider of international voice and SMS termination and outsourced traffic management solutions to telecoms
worldwide. Traditional Communications also includes other small businesses and offerings including early-stage business initiatives
and mature businesses in harvest mode.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate
costs mainly include compensation, consulting fees, treasury, tax and accounting services, human resources, corporate purchasing, corporate
governance including Board of Directors&#x2019; fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate
legal, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any
direct cost of revenues.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zZNByvodmfAh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Operating
results for the business segments of the Company were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"/&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"/&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zSiKSJkFXLLd" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fintech&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;National
    Retail Solutions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Traditional
    Communications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
    Months Ended April 30, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zipZkSusd7P8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;21,787&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zcD7mEGnWATh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,073&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_ziyBzCCWelri" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,392&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zspohl16YGlf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;241,043&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zTc7xxWMBhCk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0920"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430_zgah6FNPWUEg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;299,295&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(Loss)
    income from operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zU2s86B4rtEl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,318&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zjxVyytEejhe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,079&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zmcT1s7YgMn6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(377&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zem9BugZSPga" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;12,924&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_ztyDFtOydRfe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,931&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430_zfzdiu4fibyi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;10,377&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
    Months Ended April 30, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zpLNWIAh03w5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;17,215&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zkOCEyEUV1oi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,383&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zpKnNWK2VdUd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;15,555&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zJDCMdM9EClg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;284,200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zdKtSS1hYe9i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0944"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430_zyjZMHpb13Y2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;328,353&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(Loss)
    income from operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zquuwhpfYuw9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,112&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zkQTs0Drj80f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,078&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zPdSJTKhU806" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,257&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zFecc23MVsD" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;17,579&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zG0UFspzRJa4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,960&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430_zr64mNUInD3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13,328&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Nine
    Months Ended April 30, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_z1F2xeL5WfTb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;61,995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_z1Z5H4ciQITf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;57,208&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zCauQm5DGsv5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;53,136&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zY0EVUKiAe7i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;762,708&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zYQ1iGYKMSu3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0968"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zZDmEqVsJQu2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;935,047&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(Loss) income from operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_ztgXbwErzCXc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(613&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zN9xH0ojSNU5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;12,684&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_z6h19i6lwDC4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zT8H63B7pbXi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;47,195&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zjYmTQgOKsaf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(8,475&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zyvX9vDYfRh8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;48,783&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Nine
    Months Ended April 30, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zzzNeIungPl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;46,044&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zPKe75EEBn95" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;32,075&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zjx7hRqPFCh3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;42,003&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zulCO5rgAC1b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;915,372&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_znvcLbk5b7d6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0992"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430_zKCcx7d8pbYe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,035,494&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(Loss)
    income from operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zaV6TGwJpKTc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4,978&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zU6Ul5MygcYa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,483&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zGCsFFWCdYte" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(9,315&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zP8di3OmEt4b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;57,804&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zVqguH6U34Hc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(7,073&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430_zlhxeio5Qlrl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;40,921&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p id="xdx_8AD_zcCQh8NkJ9I7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Segments">4</us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zZNByvodmfAh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Operating
results for the business segments of the Company were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"/&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"/&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zSiKSJkFXLLd" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fintech&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;National
    Retail Solutions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Traditional
    Communications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
    Months Ended April 30, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zipZkSusd7P8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;21,787&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zcD7mEGnWATh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,073&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_ziyBzCCWelri" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,392&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zspohl16YGlf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;241,043&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zTc7xxWMBhCk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0920"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430_zgah6FNPWUEg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;299,295&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(Loss)
    income from operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zU2s86B4rtEl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,318&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zjxVyytEejhe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,079&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zmcT1s7YgMn6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(377&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zem9BugZSPga" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;12,924&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_ztyDFtOydRfe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,931&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20230201__20230430_zfzdiu4fibyi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;10,377&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
    Months Ended April 30, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zpLNWIAh03w5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;17,215&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zkOCEyEUV1oi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,383&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zpKnNWK2VdUd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;15,555&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zJDCMdM9EClg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;284,200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zdKtSS1hYe9i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0944"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430_zyjZMHpb13Y2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;328,353&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(Loss)
    income from operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zquuwhpfYuw9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,112&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zkQTs0Drj80f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,078&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zPdSJTKhU806" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,257&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zFecc23MVsD" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;17,579&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zG0UFspzRJa4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,960&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220201__20220430_zr64mNUInD3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13,328&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Nine
    Months Ended April 30, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_z1F2xeL5WfTb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;61,995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_z1Z5H4ciQITf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;57,208&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zCauQm5DGsv5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;53,136&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zY0EVUKiAe7i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;762,708&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zYQ1iGYKMSu3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0968"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zZDmEqVsJQu2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;935,047&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(Loss) income from operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_ztgXbwErzCXc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(613&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zN9xH0ojSNU5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;12,684&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_z6h19i6lwDC4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zT8H63B7pbXi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;47,195&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zjYmTQgOKsaf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(8,475&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zyvX9vDYfRh8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Income (loss) from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;48,783&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Nine
    Months Ended April 30, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zzzNeIungPl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;46,044&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zPKe75EEBn95" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;32,075&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zjx7hRqPFCh3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;42,003&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zulCO5rgAC1b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;915,372&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_znvcLbk5b7d6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0992"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430_zKCcx7d8pbYe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Revenues"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,035,494&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zU6Ul5MygcYa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,483&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zGCsFFWCdYte" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(9,315&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zP8di3OmEt4b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;57,804&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__us-gaap--CorporateMember_zVqguH6U34Hc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(7,073&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_c20210801__20220430_zlhxeio5Qlrl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="(Loss) income from operations"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;40,921&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


</us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">21787000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">18073000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">18392000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">241043000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">299295000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-1318000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">2079000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-377000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">12924000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-2931000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">10377000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">17215000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">11383000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">15555000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">284200000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">328353000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-1112000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1078000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-2257000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
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      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-1960000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
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      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">13328000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
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    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
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      unitRef="USD">57208000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">53136000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
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    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_zbvP7NxVbuRi" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
3&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82C_zaBfLQCCxnJh"&gt;Revenue Recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company earns revenue from contracts with customers, primarily through the provision of retail telecommunications and payment offerings
as well as wholesale international voice and SMS termination. BOSS Money, NRS, and net2phone are technology-driven, synergistic businesses
that leverage the Company&#x2019;s core assets. BOSS Money and NRS&#x2019; revenues are primarily recognized at a point in time, and net2phone&#x2019;s
revenue is mainly recognized over time. Traditional Communications are mostly minute-based, paid-voice communications services, and revenue
is primarily recognized at a point in time. The Company&#x2019;s most significant revenue streams are from IDT Digital Payments, BOSS Revolution
Calling, and IDT Global. IDT Digital Payments and BOSS Revolution Calling are sold direct-to-consumers and through distributors and retailers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Disaggregated
Revenues&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock_z0zm11a26Vfk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table shows the Company&#x2019;s revenues disaggregated by business segment and service offered to customers:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BE_zz2vmXAoOh9d" style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Schedule
of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230201__20230430_zb1bc5l0mWJ3" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220201__20220430_zLa84EDXt7S1" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20220801__20230430_zJYPusUMJW51" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220430_zkD4HvlPTBVd" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt;

&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zsvgUXiQeNQg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BOSS
    Money&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;19,441&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;15,084&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;54,644&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;39,207&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_z1ZdOnxkQ9A2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,346&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,131&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,351&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,837&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zDVGdhSoFMrc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    Fintech&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;21,787&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;17,215&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;61,995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;46,044&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zcyZu4Vduqte" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;National
    Retail Solutions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,073&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;57,208&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;32,075&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zR1CYuTtVXT4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,392&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;15,555&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;53,136&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;42,003&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTDigitalPaymentsMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_z7hsWHxWKOhi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;IDT Digital Payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;101,030&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;115,864&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;316,207&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;360,594&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionCallingMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zKRJB3XTtnJg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BOSS
    Revolution Calling&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;77,646&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;91,768&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;246,729&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;297,688&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTGlobalMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zmMlYNzvmd1f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;IDT
    Global&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;54,473&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;67,094&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;174,715&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;229,407&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zktqfiv6vilj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,894&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;9,474&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,057&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;27,683&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_z2QJWchWpG0b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    Traditional Communications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;241,043&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;284,200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;762,708&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;915,372&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zxGidvBUElJc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;299,295&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;328,353&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;935,047&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,035,494&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zjz4ICD9Vy4g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;299,295&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;328,353&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;935,047&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,035,494&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p id="xdx_8AA_zM5qAhQSEPR8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zvDY2kJvYEVg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The
following table shows the Company&#x2019;s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_ze8rYpTlclEh" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49F_20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_z1XmzibtP7Q2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49F_20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zu1ExfPoo7O3" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49A_20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_z7aAju3PmXm1" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49C_20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zvx9JLqSL2r3" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_496_20230201__20230430_zEdSlZxfe4z5" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fintech&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;National
    Retail Solutions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Traditional
    Communications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
    Months Ended April 30, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zcLZ8rLIi9Ke" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 35%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;21,124&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,073&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;9,571&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;166,854&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;215,622&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Outside
    the United States:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_zGRylykR90m7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    Kingdom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1080"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1081"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1082"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;64,415&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;64,415&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_zfxJGVLCoMG7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;663&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1087"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;8,821&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;9,774&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;19,258&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_zwGbYjIyottg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    outside the United States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;663&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1093"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;8,821&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;74,189&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;83,673&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zPN3qg4AFMZh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;21,787&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,073&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,392&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;241,043&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;299,295&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zduUqd1OpHQa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;21,787&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,073&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,392&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;241,043&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;299,295&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"/&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49F_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zyZ1egTJ5iHg" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_490_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zAzCvr3S20fk" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49A_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_z757LoQDi0O1" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_497_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zdX3j9UMBmJd" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49C_20220201__20220430_z5bHQASit0g4" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fintech&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;National
    Retail Solutions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Traditional
    Communications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
    Months Ended April 30, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zrwcI8iLZOvi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 35%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;16,716&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,383&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,732&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;198,174&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;234,005&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Outside
    the United States:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_zIm8VtSqZQK6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    Kingdom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1116"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1117"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1118"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;74,567&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;74,567&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_z1qXg7EvsWQ" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1123"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,823&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,459&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;19,781&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_zJ7dx7Tj5vm8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    outside the United States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1129"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,823&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;86,026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;94,348&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zRa2uqqao7X7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;17,215&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,383&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;15,555&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;284,200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;328,353&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zq49NQCCx7o5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;17,215&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,383&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;15,555&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;284,200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;328,353&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zUjOnB91l5Lf" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49B_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zrLC5vnfRln8" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_znOx4FsPbxQk" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49B_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zaD0vzYQrY4e" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_491_20220801__20230430_ztPIVK5BisUe" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fintech&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;National
    Retail Solutions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Traditional
    Communications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Nine
    Months Ended April 30, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zaarzH3jdye3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 35%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;59,991&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;57,208&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;27,888&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;528,116&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;673,203&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Outside
    the United States:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_z7SEc6pIGMTb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    Kingdom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1152"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1153"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1154"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;202,355&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;202,355&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_zesz1iNQdy4b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,004&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1159"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,248&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;32,237&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;59,489&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_zUzNPgBumCkh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    outside the United States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,004&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1165"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,248&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;234,592&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;261,844&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z9myr2S8ZlMg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;61,995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;57,208&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;53,136&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;762,708&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;935,047&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z3e15DneSekj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;61,995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;57,208&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;53,136&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;762,708&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;935,047&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zqVYitGNoNpg" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_496_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zvTsiytlJGG9" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zQBGC0tgixI1" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_495_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_z7GspQs4uo9e" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_493_20210801__20220430_zEkynAbZoLP1" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fintech&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;National
    Retail Solutions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Traditional
    Communications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Nine
    Months Ended April 30, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zegbR10iegFb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 35%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;44,683&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;32,075&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;21,713&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;644,166&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;742,637&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Outside
    the United States:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_zCatZipNSiE2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    Kingdom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1188"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1189"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1190"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;233,647&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;233,647&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_zs9XiFleoOD8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1195"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;20,290&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;37,559&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;59,210&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_z22LhlOg8zEa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    outside the United States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1201"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;20,290&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;271,206&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;292,857&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zHS82XRm3s4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;46,044&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;32,075&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;42,003&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;915,372&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,035,494&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zLhjZhazNhik" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;46,044&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;32,075&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;42,003&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;915,372&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,035,494&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AE_zEZfZT9AzLNg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Remaining
Performance Obligations &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company does not have any significant revenue from performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous reporting periods.
The Company&#x2019;s remaining performance obligations at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022 primarily had an original expected duration
of one year or less.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Accounts
Receivable and Contract Balances&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
timing of revenue recognition may differ from the time of billing to the Company&#x2019;s customers. Trade accounts receivable in the
Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheets represent unconditional rights to consideration. The Company would record a contract asset
when revenue is recognized in advance of its right to bill and receive consideration. The Company has not identified any contract assets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Contract
liabilities arise when the Company receives consideration or bills its customers prior to providing the goods or services promised in
the contract. The Company&#x2019;s contract liability balance is primarily payments received for prepaid BOSS Revolution Calling. Contract
liabilities are recognized as revenue when services are provided to the customer. The contract liability balances are presented in the
Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheets as &#x201c;Deferred revenue&#x201d;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_z5zxcPirp9A2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table presents information about the Company&#x2019;s contract liability balance:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_z7l6MamOfalk" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230201__20230430_zW2DAxkvrgwi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220201__20220430_zIrjRowHKHzb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230430_zPhviv2Ea5R7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20210801__20220430_zZydIXX42T35" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_pn3n3_zSMsr8L3EFb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 36%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenue
    recognized in the period from amounts included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;16,772&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,751&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;21,890&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,437&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AE_zeUdAv3z22Yi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Deferred
Customer Contract Acquisition and Fulfillment Costs&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company recognizes as an asset its incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer that it expects to recover.
The Company&#x2019;s incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are sales commissions paid to employees and third
parties on sales to end users. If the amortization period were one year or less for the asset that would be recognized from
deferring these costs, the Company applies the practical expedient whereby the Company charges these costs to expense when incurred.
For net2phone sales, the Company defers these costs and amortizes them over the expected customer relationship period when it is
expected to exceed one year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s costs to fulfill its contracts do not meet the criteria to be recognized as an asset, therefore these costs are charged
to expense as incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock_zIEC5HV1cxB5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B0_zoVRdBYnDWV" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20230430_zLhvSRCDPkSa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220731_zKAtRZphILrg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July
                                            31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_zA55GUlh66m7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Deferred
    customer contract acquisition costs included in &#x201c;Other current assets&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,343&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,085&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_z4XsqVhEmD3a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Deferred
    customer contract acquisition costs included in &#x201c;Other assets&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,542&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,469&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCCNzHg2_zm95ZQunI5tj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,885&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,554&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AE_zefi7g6ukqb1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89A_ecustom--AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock_zbkyX2qOrGb3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
The Company&#x2019;s amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs during the periods were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zF6Iv5OepTz3" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230201__20230430_zMu88a2HWrod" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220201__20220430_zcdanXXEuUz9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220801__20230430_z3Wi6IbwhUFi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430_zs3iwrZceVv1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                  &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                  &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_pn3n3_zMyW43F9Fdsj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 36%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Amortization
    of deferred customer contract acquisition costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,226&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,121&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,631&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,163&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_zZFGse9OgTth" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock_z0zm11a26Vfk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table shows the Company&#x2019;s revenues disaggregated by business segment and service offered to customers:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BE_zz2vmXAoOh9d" style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Schedule
of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230201__20230430_zb1bc5l0mWJ3" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220201__20220430_zLa84EDXt7S1" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20220801__20230430_zJYPusUMJW51" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220430_zkD4HvlPTBVd" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt;

&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zsvgUXiQeNQg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BOSS
    Money&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;19,441&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;15,084&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;54,644&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;39,207&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_z1ZdOnxkQ9A2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,346&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,131&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,351&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,837&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zDVGdhSoFMrc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    Fintech&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;21,787&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;17,215&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;61,995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;46,044&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zcyZu4Vduqte" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;National
    Retail Solutions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,073&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,383&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;57,208&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;32,075&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zR1CYuTtVXT4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,392&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;15,555&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;53,136&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;42,003&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTDigitalPaymentsMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_z7hsWHxWKOhi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;IDT Digital Payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;101,030&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;115,864&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;316,207&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;360,594&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionCallingMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zKRJB3XTtnJg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BOSS
    Revolution Calling&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;77,646&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;91,768&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;246,729&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;297,688&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTGlobalMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zmMlYNzvmd1f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;IDT
    Global&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;54,473&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;67,094&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;174,715&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;229,407&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zktqfiv6vilj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,894&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;9,474&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,057&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;27,683&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_z2QJWchWpG0b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    Traditional Communications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;241,043&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;284,200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;762,708&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;915,372&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zxGidvBUElJc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;299,295&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;328,353&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;935,047&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,035,494&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zjz4ICD9Vy4g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;299,295&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;328,353&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;935,047&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,035,494&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


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      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_custom_FintechMember"
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_custom_FintechMember"
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      unitRef="USD">54644000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_custom_FintechMember"
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      unitRef="USD">39207000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">2346000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_OtherMember_custom_FintechMember"
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      unitRef="USD">2131000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_OtherMember_custom_FintechMember"
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      unitRef="USD">6837000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_FintechMember"
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      unitRef="USD">21787000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      unitRef="USD">17215000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">61995000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">46044000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">18073000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      unitRef="USD">11383000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">299295000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">328353000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">935047000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1035494000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zvDY2kJvYEVg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The
following table shows the Company&#x2019;s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_ze8rYpTlclEh" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49F_20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_z1XmzibtP7Q2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49F_20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zu1ExfPoo7O3" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49A_20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_z7aAju3PmXm1" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49C_20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zvx9JLqSL2r3" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_496_20230201__20230430_zEdSlZxfe4z5" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fintech&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;National
    Retail Solutions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Traditional
    Communications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
    Months Ended April 30, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zcLZ8rLIi9Ke" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 35%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;21,124&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,073&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;9,571&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;166,854&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;215,622&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Outside
    the United States:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_zGRylykR90m7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    Kingdom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1080"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1081"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1082"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;64,415&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;64,415&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_zfxJGVLCoMG7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;663&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1087"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;8,821&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;9,774&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;19,258&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_zwGbYjIyottg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    outside the United States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;663&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1093"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;8,821&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;74,189&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;83,673&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zPN3qg4AFMZh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;21,787&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,073&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,392&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;241,043&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;299,295&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zduUqd1OpHQa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;21,787&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,073&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,392&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;241,043&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;299,295&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"/&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49F_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zyZ1egTJ5iHg" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_490_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zAzCvr3S20fk" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49A_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_z757LoQDi0O1" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_497_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zdX3j9UMBmJd" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49C_20220201__20220430_z5bHQASit0g4" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fintech&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;National
    Retail Solutions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Traditional
    Communications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
    Months Ended April 30, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zrwcI8iLZOvi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 35%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;16,716&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,383&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,732&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;198,174&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;234,005&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Outside
    the United States:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_zIm8VtSqZQK6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    Kingdom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1116"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1117"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1118"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;74,567&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;74,567&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_z1qXg7EvsWQ" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1123"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,823&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,459&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;19,781&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_zJ7dx7Tj5vm8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    outside the United States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1129"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,823&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;86,026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;94,348&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zRa2uqqao7X7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;17,215&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,383&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;15,555&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;284,200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;328,353&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zq49NQCCx7o5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;17,215&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,383&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;15,555&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;284,200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;328,353&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zUjOnB91l5Lf" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49B_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zrLC5vnfRln8" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_znOx4FsPbxQk" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49B_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zaD0vzYQrY4e" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_491_20220801__20230430_ztPIVK5BisUe" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fintech&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;National
    Retail Solutions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Traditional
    Communications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Nine
    Months Ended April 30, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zaarzH3jdye3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 35%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;59,991&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;57,208&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;27,888&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;528,116&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;673,203&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Outside
    the United States:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_z7SEc6pIGMTb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    Kingdom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1152"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1153"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1154"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;202,355&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;202,355&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_zesz1iNQdy4b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,004&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1159"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,248&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;32,237&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;59,489&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_zUzNPgBumCkh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    outside the United States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,004&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1165"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,248&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;234,592&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;261,844&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z9myr2S8ZlMg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;61,995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;57,208&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;53,136&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;762,708&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;935,047&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z3e15DneSekj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;61,995&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;57,208&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;53,136&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;762,708&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;935,047&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zqVYitGNoNpg" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_496_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zvTsiytlJGG9" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zQBGC0tgixI1" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_495_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_z7GspQs4uo9e" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_493_20210801__20220430_zEkynAbZoLP1" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fintech&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;National
    Retail Solutions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Traditional
    Communications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Nine
    Months Ended April 30, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_zegbR10iegFb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 35%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;44,683&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;32,075&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;21,713&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;644,166&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;742,637&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Outside
    the United States:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_zCatZipNSiE2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;United
    Kingdom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1188"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1189"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1190"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;233,647&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;233,647&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_zs9XiFleoOD8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1195"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;20,290&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;37,559&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;59,210&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_z22LhlOg8zEa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    outside the United States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1201"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;20,290&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;271,206&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;292,857&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zHS82XRm3s4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;46,044&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;32,075&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;42,003&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;915,372&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,035,494&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zLhjZhazNhik" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;46,044&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;32,075&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;42,003&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">915372000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1035494000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_z5zxcPirp9A2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table presents information about the Company&#x2019;s contract liability balance:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_z7l6MamOfalk" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230201__20230430_zW2DAxkvrgwi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220201__20220430_zIrjRowHKHzb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230430_zPhviv2Ea5R7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20210801__20220430_zZydIXX42T35" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_pn3n3_zSMsr8L3EFb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 36%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenue
    recognized in the period from amounts included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;16,772&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18,751&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;21,890&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,437&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">16772000</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">18751000</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">21890000</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">25437000</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock_zIEC5HV1cxB5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B0_zoVRdBYnDWV" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20230430_zLhvSRCDPkSa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220731_zKAtRZphILrg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July
                                            31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_zA55GUlh66m7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Deferred
    customer contract acquisition costs included in &#x201c;Other current assets&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,343&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,085&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_z4XsqVhEmD3a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Deferred
    customer contract acquisition costs included in &#x201c;Other assets&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,542&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,469&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCCNzHg2_zm95ZQunI5tj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,885&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,554&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">4343000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">4085000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">3542000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">3469000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNet contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">7885000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNet>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNet contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">7554000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNet>
    <IDT:AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_89A_ecustom--AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock_zbkyX2qOrGb3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
The Company&#x2019;s amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs during the periods were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zF6Iv5OepTz3" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230201__20230430_zMu88a2HWrod" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220201__20220430_zcdanXXEuUz9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220801__20230430_z3Wi6IbwhUFi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430_zs3iwrZceVv1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                  &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                  &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_pn3n3_zMyW43F9Fdsj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 36%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Amortization
    of deferred customer contract acquisition costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,226&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,121&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,631&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,163&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IDT:AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1226000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1121000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3631000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3163000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_z0qapEB5FtOf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
4&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_820_zBdeZWURY046"&gt;Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s leases primarily consist of operating leases for office space. These leases have remaining terms from less than &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20230430__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zqsIPaQsMera" title="Lessee, operating lease, term of contract"&gt;one year&lt;/span&gt;
to &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20230430__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z7YWhrsGLICf" title="Lessee, operating lease, term of contract"&gt;five years&lt;/span&gt;. net2phone also has operating leases for office equipment. Certain of these leases contain renewal options that may be
exercised and/or options to terminate the lease. The Company has concluded that it is not reasonably certain that it would exercise any
of these options.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone
is the lessee under equipment leases that are classified as finance leases. The assets and liabilities related to these finance leases
are not material to the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company leases office and parking space in a building and parking garage located at 520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey that was previously
owned by the Company&#x2019;s former subsidiary, Rafael Holdings, Inc. (&#x201c;Rafael&#x201d;). On August 22, 2022, Rafael sold the building
and parking garage to an unrelated third party. The Company&#x2019;s lease in that building continues with the new owner. The Company
leases office space in Israel from Rafael. Howard S. Jonas, the Chairman of the Company (an executive officer position) and the Chairman
of the Company&#x2019;s Board of Directors, is also the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Executive Chairman of Rafael. &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--GeographicDistributionAxis__custom--NewarkMember_zEDAfuHg0Z77" title="Lessee operating lease, description"&gt;The Newark
lease expires in April 2025 and the Israel lease expires in July 2025&lt;/span&gt;. In the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company
incurred lease costs of $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_c20230201__20230430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zVpgaC9odWw9" title="Incurred lease cost"&gt;33,000&lt;/span&gt; and $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zHIkP3PY7vz7" title="Incurred lease cost"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, in connection with the Rafael leases, which excludes Newark lease costs
after August 22, 2022. In the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company incurred lease costs of $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20220201__20220430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_z4wzUBQvEVy3" title="Incurred lease cost"&gt;0.5&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zoOTzHDSkP2" title="Incurred lease cost"&gt;1.4&lt;/span&gt; million,
respectively, in connection with the Rafael leases. Lease costs incurred in connection with the Rafael leases is included in operating
lease cost in the table below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_z2WIqx2C4DAf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Supplemental
disclosures related to the Company&#x2019;s operating leases were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zZvqmdpettJ5" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20230201__20230430_z4gLzmLYLEr8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220201__20220430_zG1gk8ISQvH8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20220801__20230430_zRvIqn5U19Xh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20210801__20220430_z631GoDbuKtc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn3n3_zNbMGdxMHT7e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Operating
    lease cost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;817&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;743&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,384&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,130&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--ShortTermLeaseCost_pn3n3_z381rUAu0Fgk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Short-term
    lease cost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;256&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;277&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;784&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;877&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LeaseCost_pn3n3_zEyyyJzU5Fvj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    lease cost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,073&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,020&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,168&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cash
    paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_z0qI4T62SOc3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Operating
    cash flows from operating leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;842&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;724&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,431&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,089&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_z6tb0NpQ4Xvj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cash
    paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;842&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;724&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;2,431&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;2,089&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A1_zADw3LPde7bg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_899_ecustom--ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_zgUNv5JH7o58" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BD_z7j8Usmjr15e" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                                                                                                           30, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July
                                            31, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Weighted-average
    remaining lease term-operating leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20230430_zJUNmprtJuK2" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term"&gt;2.5&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20220731_zvPIrE3utW91" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term"&gt;2.8&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 60%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Weighted-average
    discount rate-operating leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230430_zA3Mwy0POeoh" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent"&gt;3.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20220731_zFSxFN5T1DO3" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent"&gt;3.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A3_zULLkFmspaW9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company obtained right-of-use assets of $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430_zU32VGOX5u0g" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities"&gt;1.7&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430_zJ0dWvuabOBj" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities"&gt;2.2&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively,
in exchange for new operating lease liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_897_ecustom--ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_zcHWQqQAWiZ9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_z3IofdMqMDQh" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230430_zmCjBuzTGukc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                                                                                                           30, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220731_zt7txQD4yvw1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July
                                            31, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in
                                            thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zdz32Xl36cPa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Operating
    lease liabilities included in &#x201c;Other current liabilities&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,811&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,899&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zHxy9pevmZ33" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Operating
    lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,572&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,606&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_pn3n3_mtOLLzDbj_zlEsBapR2tQc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,383&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,505&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A5_zbC3NDchTMA5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zhUZ9BkPcDMe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Future
minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_zGVK43bkSWWj" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49D_20230430_zljWjOViz739" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Twelve-month
    period ending April 30:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zxP9u5Htk5Ie" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,001&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zk7Is80hjoj2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,658&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_z1QcmEgymZ1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;569&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zHj4b1R2l5n4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2027&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;379&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zD5yjk8L6GG9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;95&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zHB89s6eFIS3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1323"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_pn3n3_mtLOLLPzXtU_z3rGCkwI7CY5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    lease payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,702&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_pn3n3_di_zPoPfZP16Rd7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Less
    imputed interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(319&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    operating lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,383&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A7_zmNhXZEt8Vaf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_srt_MinimumMember">P1Y</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_srt_MaximumMember">P5Y</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_NewarkMember">The Newark
lease expires in April 2025 and the Israel lease expires in July 2025</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember"
      decimals="0"
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    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">200000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">500000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">1400000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCostTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_z2WIqx2C4DAf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Supplemental
disclosures related to the Company&#x2019;s operating leases were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zZvqmdpettJ5" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20230201__20230430_z4gLzmLYLEr8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220201__20220430_zG1gk8ISQvH8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20220801__20230430_zRvIqn5U19Xh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20210801__20220430_z631GoDbuKtc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn3n3_zNbMGdxMHT7e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Operating
    lease cost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;817&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;743&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,384&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,130&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--ShortTermLeaseCost_pn3n3_z381rUAu0Fgk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Short-term
    lease cost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;256&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;277&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;784&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;877&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LeaseCost_pn3n3_zEyyyJzU5Fvj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    lease cost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,073&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,020&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,168&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cash
    paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_z0qI4T62SOc3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Operating
    cash flows from operating leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;842&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;724&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,431&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,089&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_z6tb0NpQ4Xvj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cash
    paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;842&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;724&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;2,431&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;2,089&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
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      unitRef="USD">817000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
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      unitRef="USD">743000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
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      unitRef="USD">2130000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost
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    <us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost
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    <us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost
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      unitRef="USD">784000</us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
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      unitRef="USD">877000</us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCost
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      unitRef="USD">1073000</us-gaap:LeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCost
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
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      unitRef="USD">1020000</us-gaap:LeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCost
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
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      unitRef="USD">3168000</us-gaap:LeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCost
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      unitRef="USD">3007000</us-gaap:LeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
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    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
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      unitRef="USD">724000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
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    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
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  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                                                                                                           30, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July
                                            31, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Weighted-average
    remaining lease term-operating leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20230430_zJUNmprtJuK2" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term"&gt;2.5&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20220731_zvPIrE3utW91" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term"&gt;2.8&lt;/span&gt;
    years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 60%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Weighted-average
    discount rate-operating leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230430_zA3Mwy0POeoh" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent"&gt;3.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20220731_zFSxFN5T1DO3" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent"&gt;3.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IDT:ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1 contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30">P2Y6M</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1 contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31">P2Y9M18D</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="INF" unitRef="Pure">0.036</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="INF" unitRef="Pure">0.030</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">1700000</us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">2200000</us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability>
    <IDT:ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_897_ecustom--ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_zcHWQqQAWiZ9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_z3IofdMqMDQh" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230430_zmCjBuzTGukc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                                                                                                           30, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220731_zt7txQD4yvw1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July
                                            31, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in
                                            thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zdz32Xl36cPa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Operating
    lease liabilities included in &#x201c;Other current liabilities&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,811&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,899&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zHxy9pevmZ33" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Operating
    lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,572&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,606&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_pn3n3_mtOLLzDbj_zlEsBapR2tQc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,383&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,505&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IDT:ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">2811000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">2899000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">3572000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">4606000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">6383000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">7505000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zhUZ9BkPcDMe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Future
minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_zGVK43bkSWWj" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49D_20230430_zljWjOViz739" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Twelve-month
    period ending April 30:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zxP9u5Htk5Ie" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,001&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zk7Is80hjoj2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,658&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_z1QcmEgymZ1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;569&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zHj4b1R2l5n4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2027&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;379&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zD5yjk8L6GG9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;95&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zHB89s6eFIS3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1323"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_pn3n3_mtLOLLPzXtU_z3rGCkwI7CY5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    lease payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,702&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_pn3n3_di_zPoPfZP16Rd7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Less
    imputed interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(319&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    operating lease liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,383&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">3001000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">2658000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">569000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">379000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">95000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">6702000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">319000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">6383000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock_zoMUxb5VuW61" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
5&#x2014;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_820_z50ipCrJEtI5"&gt;Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_zUlFSzhVcN8l" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated
balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zW2ai2y5w2tb" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230430_zWnj101aXgZi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                                                                                                           30, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220731_znhIvUILejf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July
                                                                                                                           31, 2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z8OU5fW27DH6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cash
    and cash equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;90,722&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;98,352&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z2KwSPAdF9x6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Restricted
    cash and cash equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;94,321&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;91,210&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCERCzDIV_zyAyWqTW4fS9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;185,043&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;189,562&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A1_z096jsBE98d4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, restricted cash and cash equivalents included $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_zNhU1TPMWq62" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current"&gt;86.9&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20220731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_zfqOOJVs5Wm2" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current"&gt;86.6&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, in restricted
cash and cash equivalents for customer deposits held by IDT Financial Services. Certain of the electronic money financial services regulations
in Gibraltar require IDT Financial Services to safeguard cash held for customer deposits, segregate cash held for customer deposits from
any other cash that IDT Financial Services holds and utilize the cash only for the intended payment transaction.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Company
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company treats unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of New York, LLC, which
provide the Company&#x2019;s international money transfer services in the United States, as substantially restricted and unavailable for
other purposes. At April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, &#x201c;Cash and cash equivalents&#x201d; in the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance
sheets included an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zCuMp5woF3w7" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value"&gt;16.9&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20220731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zaTBHPIh9Yta" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value"&gt;17.3&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services
of New York, LLC, that was unavailable for other purposes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_zUlFSzhVcN8l" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated
balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zW2ai2y5w2tb" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230430_zWnj101aXgZi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                                                                                                           30, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220731_znhIvUILejf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July
                                                                                                                           31, 2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z8OU5fW27DH6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cash
    and cash equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;90,722&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;98,352&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z2KwSPAdF9x6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Restricted
    cash and cash equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;94,321&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;91,210&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCERCzDIV_zyAyWqTW4fS9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;185,043&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;189,562&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">90722000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">98352000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">94321000</us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">91210000</us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">185043000</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">189562000</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_custom_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">86900000</us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_custom_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">86600000</us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_custom_IDTPaymentServicesMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">16900000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_custom_IDTPaymentServicesMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">17300000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_80C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_zEKf3pT6jEYd" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
6&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_826_zym4R85WsTc3"&gt;Debt Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_zm2BCJPy50E" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following is a summary of available-for-sale debt securities:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zi1WPKbZOmf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Amortized
    Cost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Gross
    Unrealized Gains&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Gross
    Unrealized Losses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fair
    Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
    30, 2023:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;Certificates
    of deposit&lt;span id="xdx_F4D_z61MwVodeO08" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____z3dRK0mv4Vw9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;4,080&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zfYRQZ4r5NVg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zMngzJCiMiS8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;(1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zO9WooI9H9e2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;4,083&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 36%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zGiSC8UgFej5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;30,560&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z4qakWqbEEQ1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;85&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z92uhN8OEPld" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(93&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zigujigZ9Ndk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;30,552&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Government
    sponsored enterprises notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zaB95Rp7kZHd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,858&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_z1C10t6YebS9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1374"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zNtAvq7J8A34" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zEeBR91XQ45f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,852&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate
    bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zsobe6zrXfhh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,954&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zfmPx3x2sS56" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zdaOPh5QoD9i" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(456&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zEmmMSS2yd4k" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 20pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zHTd2aHzZdGf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;42,452&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zO4XHMVSA4c3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;91&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430_zL0iD5wNMOo5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(556&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zN66MhuYHAIl" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;41,987&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;July
    31, 2022:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Certificates
    of deposit&lt;sup id="xdx_F43_z5CGYqKGqdQ5"&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zRuyPMA6W1i9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zdZO2bHz2YG2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1398"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zfFTw3L8u62l" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____z82ooL3T9qjk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,986&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13,848&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1406"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zlsvyvyZYISh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(114&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13,734&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate
    bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,966&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zQ9elQKp2g3g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(416&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,551&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Municipal
    bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,035&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1422"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zmbT8JzVe7Ic" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,032&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 20pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;22,849&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731_zfuZdoWVBqZ9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(547&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;22,303&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
  &lt;td id="xdx_F05_zUQfp1I44ufg" style="text-align: right; width: 15pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F1D_zGzVhgeqZhdc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Each of the Company&#x2019;s certificates of deposit has a CUSIP,
was purchased in the secondary market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_zgdlWdR5RcL7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Proceeds
from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments were $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20230201__20230430_zA4ZJOe5qtc3" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"&gt;6.8&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20220201__20220430_zJmTlSPsvdx1" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"&gt;1.7&lt;/span&gt; million in the three months
ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430_zkqBl7x3szCh" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"&gt;34.3&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430_z4JICtPm58ja" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"&gt;7.8&lt;/span&gt; million in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
There were no realized gains or realized losses from sales of debt securities in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022.
The Company uses the specific identification method in computing the realized gains and realized losses on the sales of debt securities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_896_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_zxKMCIV2Pw3b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
contractual maturities of the Company&#x2019;s available-for-sale debt securities at April 30, 2023 were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zsEj7ztn5cj3" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230430_z4eW8WfylMOk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fair
    Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in
                                            thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_maAFSSDzAdz_zpy0gZRJCOm2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Within
    one year&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;34,705&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zXI0A3w8EGlc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;After
    one year through five years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,109&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zB6DoCxywAj6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;After
    five years through ten years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,127&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zpsSDCg57gEe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;After
    ten years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;46&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iTI_pn3n3_mtAFSSDzAdz_zRlbonFntkMd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;41,987&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A6_zWUEtEhWEeNa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock_zHjRM6YAOkGk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;The
following available-for-sale debt securities were in an unrealized loss position for which other-than-temporary impairments were not
recognized:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zDElhpiLXxe" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Unrealized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Losses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fair
    Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
    30, 2023:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;Certificates of deposit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zXYREz1VylH5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_za1QbAXXiqP1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;960&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zvhyG3ms1hkf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;93&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zJXZ1H4LSd8d" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;15,998&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Government
    sponsored enterprises notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zvdIAT7q4ntc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zuWVXNPS1Lyl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,852&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate
    bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zI5ozKJmhq4k" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;456&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zsMxI2UuVpxb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,444&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zZLsQH9NUv8b" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;556&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zXN4q8Hgj8h" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;24,254&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;July
    31, 2022:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Certificates
    of deposit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,986&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;114&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13,734&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate
    bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;416&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,514&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Municipal
    bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,412&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;547&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;21,646&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_zDealVvUcNh7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"/&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zeZ9SMMh48Mk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following available-for-sale debt securities included in the tables above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months
or longer:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zxisUB1GWxk5" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Unrealized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                               &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Losses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fair
                                            Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in
                                            thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
    30, 2023:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zrVUtgY1cXCh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;78&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_ziPqG3zsGqIj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;880&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate
    bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zr677wzhfzEd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;454&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_z18Bh70AoUD1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,400&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zswjwEh1EF3d" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;532&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zjxjRcpxmUTg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,280&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;July
    31, 2022:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;72&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;892&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate
    bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;234&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,731&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;306&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,623&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A3_znM8QI52Zr57" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, the Company did not intend to sell any of the debt securities included in the table above, and it is
not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell any of these securities before recovery of the unrealized losses,
which may be at maturity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_zm2BCJPy50E" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following is a summary of available-for-sale debt securities:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zi1WPKbZOmf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Amortized
    Cost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Gross
    Unrealized Gains&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Gross
    Unrealized Losses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fair
    Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
    30, 2023:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;Certificates
    of deposit&lt;span id="xdx_F4D_z61MwVodeO08" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____z3dRK0mv4Vw9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;4,080&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zfYRQZ4r5NVg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zMngzJCiMiS8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;(1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zO9WooI9H9e2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;4,083&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 36%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zGiSC8UgFej5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;30,560&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z4qakWqbEEQ1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;85&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z92uhN8OEPld" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(93&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zigujigZ9Ndk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;30,552&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Government
    sponsored enterprises notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zaB95Rp7kZHd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,858&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_z1C10t6YebS9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1374"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zNtAvq7J8A34" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zEeBR91XQ45f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,852&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate
    bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zsobe6zrXfhh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,954&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zfmPx3x2sS56" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zdaOPh5QoD9i" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(456&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zEmmMSS2yd4k" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 20pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zHTd2aHzZdGf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;42,452&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zO4XHMVSA4c3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;91&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430_zL0iD5wNMOo5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(556&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zN66MhuYHAIl" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;41,987&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;July
    31, 2022:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Certificates
    of deposit&lt;sup id="xdx_F43_z5CGYqKGqdQ5"&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zRuyPMA6W1i9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zdZO2bHz2YG2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1398"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zfFTw3L8u62l" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____z82ooL3T9qjk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,986&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13,848&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1406"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zlsvyvyZYISh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(114&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13,734&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate
    bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,966&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zQ9elQKp2g3g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(416&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,551&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Municipal
    bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,035&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1422"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zmbT8JzVe7Ic" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,032&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 20pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;22,849&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731_zfuZdoWVBqZ9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(547&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;22,303&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 23.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
  &lt;td id="xdx_F05_zUQfp1I44ufg" style="text-align: right; width: 15pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F1D_zGzVhgeqZhdc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Each of the Company&#x2019;s certificates of deposit has a CUSIP,
was purchased in the secondary market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


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      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3852000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3954000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">2000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">456000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3500000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">42452000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">91000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">556000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">41987000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001396"
      unitRef="USD">2000000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001400"
      unitRef="USD">14000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001402"
      unitRef="USD">1986000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">13848000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">114000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">13734000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3966000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">416000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3551000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3035000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3032000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">22849000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">1000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">547000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">22303000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">6800000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">1700000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">34300000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">7800000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_896_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_zxKMCIV2Pw3b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
contractual maturities of the Company&#x2019;s available-for-sale debt securities at April 30, 2023 were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zsEj7ztn5cj3" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230430_z4eW8WfylMOk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fair
    Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in
                                            thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_maAFSSDzAdz_zpy0gZRJCOm2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Within
    one year&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;34,705&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zXI0A3w8EGlc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;After
    one year through five years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,109&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zB6DoCxywAj6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;After
    five years through ten years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,127&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zpsSDCg57gEe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;After
    ten years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;46&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iTI_pn3n3_mtAFSSDzAdz_zRlbonFntkMd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;41,987&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">34705000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">6109000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">1127000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">46000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">41987000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock_zHjRM6YAOkGk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;The
following available-for-sale debt securities were in an unrealized loss position for which other-than-temporary impairments were not
recognized:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zDElhpiLXxe" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Unrealized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Losses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fair
    Value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
    30, 2023:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;Certificates of deposit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zXYREz1VylH5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_za1QbAXXiqP1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;960&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zvhyG3ms1hkf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;93&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zJXZ1H4LSd8d" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;15,998&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Government
    sponsored enterprises notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zvdIAT7q4ntc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zuWVXNPS1Lyl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,852&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate
    bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zI5ozKJmhq4k" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;456&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zsMxI2UuVpxb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,444&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zZLsQH9NUv8b" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;556&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zXN4q8Hgj8h" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;24,254&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;July
    31, 2022:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Certificates
    of deposit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,986&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;114&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13,734&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate
    bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;416&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,514&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Municipal
    bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,412&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;547&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;21,646&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">960000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">93000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">15998000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">6000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3852000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">456000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3444000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">556000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">24254000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">14000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1986000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">114000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">13734000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">416000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3514000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">2412000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">547000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">21646000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zeZ9SMMh48Mk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following available-for-sale debt securities included in the tables above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months
or longer:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zxisUB1GWxk5" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Unrealized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                               &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Losses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fair
                                            Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in
                                            thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
    30, 2023:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zrVUtgY1cXCh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;78&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_ziPqG3zsGqIj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;880&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate
    bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zr677wzhfzEd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;454&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_z18Bh70AoUD1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,400&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zswjwEh1EF3d" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;532&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zjxjRcpxmUTg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,280&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;July
    31, 2022:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;U.S.
    Treasury bills and notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;72&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;892&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate
    bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;234&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_c20220731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,731&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;306&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,623&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">78000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">880000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">454000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3400000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">532000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">4280000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">72000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">892000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">234000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1731000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">306000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">2623000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock_zwWx2JGlEK51" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
7&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82B_zxqRBpoaOc6b"&gt;Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89C_ecustom--ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock_z20ewXIg2Vh2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
investments consist of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zFeSZ2Uz7gof" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July
                                            31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Zedge,
    Inc. Class B common stock, 42,282 shares at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zbL02FgSgxxd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;84&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zEUMTTn5k1r4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;117&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Zedge,
    Inc. Class B common stock, &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90E_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zD2dcwODIZM5" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_900_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20211101__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_z3a2zLFOovRb" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;42,282&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; shares at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zVI2kyJaEbh5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;84&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;117&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rafael
    Holdings, Inc. Class B common stock, &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_908_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zOUQA1CPl4ja" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;278,810&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_905_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20211101__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_z9GQlc2Q7Z07" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;290,214&lt;/span&gt; shares at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, respectively&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zQZ412bh3ifb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;586&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;586&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    marketable equity securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_zO0bOue7u1d9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,112&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,089&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fixed
    income mutual funds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--MutualFundMember_zDjyxNwJA2M9" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,994&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--MutualFundMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;12,299&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Current
    equity investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zfVkaM0xJ9m" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,776&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;17,091&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Visa
    Inc. Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#x201c;Visa Series C Preferred&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zZzHBGgjAYad" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,238&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,132&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Visa
    Inc. Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#x201c;Visa Series A Preferred&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zI2a1TtBcVB4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1565"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,230&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Convertible preferred stock&#x2014;equity method investment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_zgfzyMj8sQf1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,064&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_zYKdNZfH4p0g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,001&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Hedge
    funds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--HedgeFundsMember_zigHKrs8OEO4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,136&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--HedgeFundsMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,238&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--OtherInvestmentsMember_z0BECmyOKlvf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,825&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--OtherInvestmentsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;825&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Noncurrent
    equity investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zBeWHRl1Bt0h" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;10,263&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,426&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A5_zGZqjtVHjIzj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company received the shares of Zedge, Inc. (&#x201c;Zedge&#x201d;) Class B common stock and &lt;span id="xdx_904_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--UnrestrictedCommonClassBOfRafaelHoldingsIncMember_zD287HsV3wLf" title="Related party shares received"&gt;28,320&lt;/span&gt; of the shares of Rafael Class B common
stock set forth in the table above in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on Zedge and Rafael restricted stock held by certain
of the Company&#x2019;s employees and the Company&#x2019;s payment of taxes on behalf of its employees related thereto. The Company purchased
&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20210731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zqjfhksPFTeg" title="Related party shares purchased"&gt;261,894&lt;/span&gt; shares of Rafael Class B common stock in fiscal 2021. The Company sold &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20221130__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zesyWp6aVHy8" title="Related party shares purchased"&gt;11,404&lt;/span&gt; shares of Rafael Class B common stock in November
2022. Howard S. Jonas is the Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors of Zedge.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
July 28, 2022, in connection with Visa Inc.&#x2019;s second mandatory release assessment, the Company received &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220728__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zPmIVmTX9Ybl" title="Owned shares"&gt;58&lt;/span&gt; shares of Visa Series
A Preferred and the conversion adjustment for Visa Series C Preferred was reduced to &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion_iI_pid_c20220728__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zqxTjOnzFTdf" title="Convertible preferred stock, shares issued upon conversion"&gt;3.645&lt;/span&gt;. In August 2022, the &lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zBgHhNxurJve" title="Owned shares"&gt;58&lt;/span&gt; shares of Visa Series
A Preferred were converted into &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_z0WN9uBsfKBh" title="Owned shares"&gt;5,800&lt;/span&gt; shares of Visa Class A common stock, which the Company sold for $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_pn5n6_c20220801__20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_zXC0uB0YWwxc" title="Proceeds from sale of common stock"&gt;1.3&lt;/span&gt; million.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock_zqQYqvF2Gqab" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
changes in the carrying value of the Company&#x2019;s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company
elected the measurement alternative was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zgky5IJiLaUg" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"/&gt;




&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20230201__20230430_zgvy4MqijnTc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220201__20220430_z7fAKIkJUh1i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230430_z6uGVMhDjG81" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20210801__20220430_z33C4alGDUM1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
    Months Ended &lt;br/&gt;
    April 30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt;

&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"/&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iS_pn3n3_zW9OiKQiVnPd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Balance,
    beginning of period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,494&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,539&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,401&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,743&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_pn3n3_zVU3znQ41zO4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Adjustment
    for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(130&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;106&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(334&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount_pn3n3_zlRDKdikJcD8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Impairments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1613"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1614"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1615"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1616"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iE_pn3n3_zjHMKRCHDtvi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Balance,
    end of the period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,507&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,409&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,507&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,409&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A2_zSGgo7FXU70f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company increased the carrying value of the shares of Visa Series C Preferred it held by $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zlVB52DB4dY6" title="Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, upward price adjustment, annual amount"&gt;13,000&lt;/span&gt; and $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zgIsYCi4NwAj" title="Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, upward price adjustment, annual amount"&gt;0.1&lt;/span&gt; million in the three and
nine months ended April 30, 2023, respectively, and the Company decreased the carrying value of the shares of Visa Series C Preferred
it held by $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueDownwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_pn5n6_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zLlzyS5KMHCd" title="Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, downward price adjustment, annual amount"&gt;0.1&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueDownwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zB3k9WEgOe26" title="Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, downward price adjustment, annual amount"&gt;0.3&lt;/span&gt; million in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, respectively, based on the fair value of
Visa Class A common stock, including a discount for lack of current marketability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_znfBJap9mDC6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Unrealized
gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value included the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BE_zm0i4fLBbp02" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Unrealized (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230201__20230430_znmgMvWgBL78" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20220201__20220430_zdPPacxbU2Pk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220801__20230430_zhCalrT0zFke" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220430_z0k2lAlXdOy4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
    Months Ended &lt;br/&gt;April 30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_pn3n3_zFvi8da97Zec" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net
    losses recognized during the period on equity investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(480&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3,416&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,649&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(20,862&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_pn3n3_zA4nwdYpcrb2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Less:
    net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1638"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1639"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zFE06mxWmb7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Unrealized
    losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(480&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3,416&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,667&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(20,872&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
unrealized gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230201__20230430_z2GGxsp1lUy4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20220201__20220430_zBqKMpaS6Hs8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430_zb1oG9Ho6io3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20210801__20220430_z64pZfS1BDD2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Unrealized
    gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_zCyTaR652Jd7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 44%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rafael
    Class B common stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(578&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(14,064&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_zgtlo6XmDNq6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Zedge
    Class B common stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(102&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(33&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(432&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_z73S8P20aA56" style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(480&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span&gt;(3,416&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(2,667&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(20,872&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AE_zlSd1jQB5smd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Equity
Method Investment&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
February 2, 2021, the Company paid $&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20210130__20210202__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zsPSFLPLGjw9" title="Payments to acquire equity method investments"&gt;4.0&lt;/span&gt; million to purchase shares of Series B convertible preferred stock of a communications company
(the equity method investee, or &#x201c;EMI&#x201d;), and on August 10, 2021, the Company paid $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20210809__20210810__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zC5MobHMyCra" title="Payments to acquire equity method investments"&gt;1.1&lt;/span&gt; million to purchase shares of the EMI&#x2019;s
Series C convertible preferred stock and additional shares of the EMI&#x2019;s Series B convertible preferred stock. The initial shares
purchased represented &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20210202__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zXSt4g9kJzT3" title="Equity method investment, ownership percentage"&gt;23.95&lt;/span&gt;% of the outstanding shares of the EMI on an as converted basis. The subsequent purchases increased the Company&#x2019;s
ownership to &lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20210810__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zcLV4yNxPp2a" title="Equity method investment, ownership percentage"&gt;26.57&lt;/span&gt;% on an as converted basis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company accounted for this investment using the equity method since the Series B and Series C convertible preferred stock were in-substance
common stock, and the Company could exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the EMI.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of July 31, 2022, the Company was the holder of secured promissory notes made by the EMI in exchange for loans of an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount_iI_pn5n6_c20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zOZM9y9VYMtf" title="Receivable with imputed interest, face amount"&gt;2.5&lt;/span&gt;
million, which increased to an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount_iI_pn6n6_c20230406__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zcLP8Eo2c4Qb" title="Increase in secured debt including accrued interest"&gt;4.0&lt;/span&gt; million including accrued interest as of April 6, 2023. The notes provided for interest
on the principal amount at &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate_pid_uPure_c20220731__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zET1ic1cdSx8" title="Receivable with imputed interest, effective yield (Interest rate)"&gt;15%&lt;/span&gt; per annum payable monthly. The notes were due and payable in &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates_pp0p0_ddxL_c20220731__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--FebruaryTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember_zJ1X72jVdSgc" title="Receivable with imputed interest, due date::XDX::2023-02-28"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1677"&gt;February 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates_pp0p0_ddxL_c20220731__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--AprilTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember_z9x7kujumez6" title="Receivable with imputed interest, due date::XDX::2023-04-30"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1679"&gt;April 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
April 6, 2023, in accordance with an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of April 5, 2023, the EMI merged with and into its subsidiary,
with the subsidiary being the surviving corporation. Effective with the merger, the EMI has no common stock outstanding, each share of
the EMI&#x2019;s convertible preferred stock was converted into shares of the subsidiary&#x2019;s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
(&#x201c;EMI Preferred Stock&#x201d;), and the principal and accrued interest of the EMI&#x2019;s secured promissory notes was converted
into shares of EMI Preferred Stock (the &#x201c;Conversions&#x201d;). In addition, each of the EMI&#x2019;s shareholders agreed to purchase additional shares of EMI Preferred Stock, for which the Company
paid $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20230301__20230430__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_zaauCfLBjyrf" title="Payments to purchase additional shares"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt;
million in April 2023 and $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20230301__20230531__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_zNURgjXZly49" title="Payments to purchase additional shares"&gt;0.7&lt;/span&gt; million in May 2023 to purchase the additional shares. Following the merger, the Conversions, and the
purchases of additional shares of EMI Preferred Stock, the Company&#x2019;s ownership increased to &lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_uPure_c20230531__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_z0R8hagKlUH1" title="Equity method investment, ownership percentage"&gt;33.3%&lt;/span&gt;
of the EMI&#x2019;s outstanding shares.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company accounts for this investment using the equity method since the Company can exercise significant influence over the operating
and financial policies of the EMI but it does not have a controlling interest.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company determined that on the dates of the acquisitions, there were differences between its investment in the EMI and its proportional
interest in the equity of the EMI of an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_z8Qq1aPwRTi9" title="Equity method investment, aggregate cost"&gt;8.2&lt;/span&gt; million, which represented the share of the EMI&#x2019;s customer list on the
dates of the acquisitions attributed to the Company&#x2019;s interest in the EMI. &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment_c20230201__20230430_zMMTGc7Sbaj4"&gt;These
basis differences are being amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;.
In the accompanying consolidated statements of income, amortization of equity method basis difference is included in the equity in the
net loss of investee, which is recorded in &#x201c;Other expense, net&#x201d; (see Note 17).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_zt3i8Q2y9hah" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s equity method investment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_z7TAiV2rHIJc" style="display: none"&gt;&#160;Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"/&gt;




&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230201__20230430_zpRkxqKAOsU" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20220201__20220430_zyWm0uthB5l8" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430_zIgSfXPtUqrf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20210801__20220430_z5aU3avO7Cwg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="13" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in
                                            thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iS_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_z0QoRIAu76Uj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Balance,
    beginning of period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(374&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,509&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,001&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,901&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zwKkNQeeyVvj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Purchase
    of convertible preferred stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;168&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1698"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;168&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,051&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zfKLAFL3owaa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;Conversion of secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;4,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1703"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;4,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1705"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zRw9QDXluckl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
    in the net loss of investee&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(532&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(583&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,544&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,662&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zES6sSMmDC9c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Amortization
    of equity method basis difference&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(236&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(182&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(599&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(546&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iE_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zDAU6iJ1eaM8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Balance,
    end of the period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,064&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,744&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,064&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,744&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AA_za5NE535OKO8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89E_ecustom--EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock_zJTJ5LrzbDj5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Summarized
financial information of the EMI was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zLSMYjKuwAP1" style="display: none"&gt;Summary of Statements of Operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20230201__20230430__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_ztEACSqgXnNd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zuzVKsFjXfMg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zVn7C9zZxjxk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zPRdPKgf7QM6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z1e7x5XkwNO8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,115&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,689&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,806&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,760&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Costs
    and expenses:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Direct
    cost of revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,693&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,402&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,921&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,307&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Selling,
    general and administrative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,080&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,265&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,488&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,928&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingExpenses_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    costs and expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,773&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,667&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;10,409&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,235&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Loss
    from operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,658&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,978&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4,603&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,475&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(266&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(82&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,108&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(83&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--ProfitLoss_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net
    loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,924&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3,060&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,711&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,558&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A9_zSLif3w7Gli1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock>
    <IDT:ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_89C_ecustom--ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock_z20ewXIg2Vh2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
investments consist of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zFeSZ2Uz7gof" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July
                                            31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Zedge,
    Inc. Class B common stock, 42,282 shares at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zbL02FgSgxxd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;84&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zEUMTTn5k1r4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;117&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Zedge,
    Inc. Class B common stock, &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90E_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zD2dcwODIZM5" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_900_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20211101__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_z3a2zLFOovRb" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;42,282&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; shares at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zVI2kyJaEbh5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;84&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;117&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rafael
    Holdings, Inc. Class B common stock, &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_908_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zOUQA1CPl4ja" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;278,810&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_905_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20211101__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_z9GQlc2Q7Z07" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;290,214&lt;/span&gt; shares at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, respectively&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zQZ412bh3ifb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;586&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;586&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    marketable equity securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_zO0bOue7u1d9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,112&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,089&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fixed
    income mutual funds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--MutualFundMember_zDjyxNwJA2M9" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,994&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--MutualFundMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;12,299&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Current
    equity investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zfVkaM0xJ9m" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,776&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Current equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;17,091&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Visa
    Inc. Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#x201c;Visa Series C Preferred&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zZzHBGgjAYad" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,238&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,132&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Visa
    Inc. Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#x201c;Visa Series A Preferred&#x201d;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zI2a1TtBcVB4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1565"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,230&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Convertible preferred stock&#x2014;equity method investment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_zgfzyMj8sQf1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,064&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_zYKdNZfH4p0g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,001&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Hedge
    funds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--HedgeFundsMember_zigHKrs8OEO4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,136&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--HedgeFundsMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,238&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--OtherInvestmentsMember_z0BECmyOKlvf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,825&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731__us-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--OtherInvestmentsMember_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;825&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Noncurrent
    equity investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_c20230430_zBeWHRl1Bt0h" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;10,263&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_c20220731_pn3n3" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Noncurrent equity investments"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,426&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IDT:ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">84000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">117000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi>
    <IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">42282</IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived>
    <IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived
      contextRef="From2021-11-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">42282</IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">84000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">117000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi>
    <IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">278810</IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived>
    <IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived
      contextRef="From2021-11-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">290214</IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">586000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi>
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      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">586000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi>
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_custom_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1112000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_custom_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">4089000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_MutualFundMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3994000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_MutualFundMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">12299000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">5776000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">17091000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi>
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_custom_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember_custom_VisaIncMember"
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      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_custom_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember_custom_VisaIncMember"
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember"
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      unitRef="USD">3136000</us-gaap:LongTermInvestments>
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      unitRef="USD">825000</us-gaap:LongTermInvestments>
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    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">7426000</us-gaap:LongTermInvestments>
    <IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived
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      unitRef="Shares">28320</IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived>
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      unitRef="Shares">58</us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares>
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      unitRef="Shares">3.645</us-gaap:ConvertiblePreferredStockSharesIssuedUponConversion>
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      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">58</us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares
      contextRef="AsOf2022-08-31_custom_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_custom_VisaClassACommonStockMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">5800</us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares>
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012022-08-31_custom_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_custom_VisaClassACommonStockMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">1300000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock_zqQYqvF2Gqab" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
changes in the carrying value of the Company&#x2019;s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company
elected the measurement alternative was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zgky5IJiLaUg" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"/&gt;




&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20230201__20230430_zgvy4MqijnTc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220201__20220430_z7fAKIkJUh1i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230430_z6uGVMhDjG81" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20210801__20220430_z33C4alGDUM1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
    Months Ended &lt;br/&gt;
    April 30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt;

&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"/&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iS_pn3n3_zW9OiKQiVnPd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Balance,
    beginning of period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,494&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,539&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,401&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,743&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_pn3n3_zVU3znQ41zO4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Adjustment
    for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(130&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;106&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(334&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount_pn3n3_zlRDKdikJcD8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Impairments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1613"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1614"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1615"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1616"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iE_pn3n3_zjHMKRCHDtvi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Balance,
    end of the period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,507&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,409&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,507&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,409&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount contextRef="AsOf2023-01-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">1494000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount contextRef="AsOf2022-01-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">2539000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">1401000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">2743000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount>
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      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
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      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-130000</IDT:AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer>
    <IDT:AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer
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      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">106000</IDT:AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer>
    <IDT:AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-334000</IDT:AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">1507000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount>
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    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">1507000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount>
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    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember"
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember"
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      unitRef="USD">100000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueDownwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_VisaSeriesCConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember"
      decimals="-5"
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    <us-gaap:UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_znfBJap9mDC6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Unrealized
gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value included the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BE_zm0i4fLBbp02" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Unrealized (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230201__20230430_znmgMvWgBL78" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20220201__20220430_zdPPacxbU2Pk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220801__20230430_zhCalrT0zFke" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220430_z0k2lAlXdOy4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
    Months Ended &lt;br/&gt;April 30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_pn3n3_zFvi8da97Zec" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net
    losses recognized during the period on equity investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(480&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3,416&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,649&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(20,862&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_pn3n3_zA4nwdYpcrb2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Less:
    net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1638"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1639"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zFE06mxWmb7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Unrealized
    losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(480&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3,416&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,667&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(20,872&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
unrealized gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230201__20230430_z2GGxsp1lUy4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20220201__20220430_zBqKMpaS6Hs8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430_zb1oG9Ho6io3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20210801__20220430_z64pZfS1BDD2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Unrealized
    gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_zCyTaR652Jd7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 44%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rafael
    Class B common stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(578&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(14,064&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_zgtlo6XmDNq6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Zedge
    Class B common stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(102&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(33&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(432&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_z73S8P20aA56" style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(480&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span&gt;(3,416&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(2,667&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(20,872&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

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      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">11000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-578000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">20000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-14064000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-9000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_custom_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-102000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-33000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-432000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-480000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-3416000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-2667000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-20872000</us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments
      contextRef="From2021-01-302021-02-02_custom_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember_custom_EquityMethodInvestmentMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">4000000.0</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments
      contextRef="From2021-08-092021-08-10_custom_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember_custom_EquityMethodInvestmentMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">1100000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="AsOf2021-02-02_custom_SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember_custom_EquityMethodInvestmentMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.2395</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="AsOf2021-08-10_custom_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember_custom_EquityMethodInvestmentMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.2657</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">2500000</us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount>
    <us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-06_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember"
      decimals="-6"
      unitRef="USD">4000000.0</us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount>
    <us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate
      contextRef="From2022-07-312022-07-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.15</us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments
      contextRef="From2023-03-012023-04-30_custom_EMIPreferredStockMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">200000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments
      contextRef="From2023-03-012023-05-31_custom_EMIPreferredStockMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">700000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
      contextRef="AsOf2023-05-31_custom_EMIPreferredStockMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.333</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-5" unitRef="USD">8200000</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30">These
basis differences are being amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment>
    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_zt3i8Q2y9hah" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s equity method investment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_z7TAiV2rHIJc" style="display: none"&gt;&#160;Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"/&gt;




&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230201__20230430_zpRkxqKAOsU" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20220201__20220430_zyWm0uthB5l8" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430_zIgSfXPtUqrf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20210801__20220430_z5aU3avO7Cwg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="13" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in
                                            thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iS_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_z0QoRIAu76Uj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Balance,
    beginning of period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(374&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,509&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,001&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,901&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zwKkNQeeyVvj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Purchase
    of convertible preferred stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;168&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1698"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;168&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,051&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zfKLAFL3owaa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;Conversion of secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;4,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1703"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;4,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1705"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zRw9QDXluckl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
    in the net loss of investee&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(532&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(583&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,544&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,662&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zES6sSMmDC9c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Amortization
    of equity method basis difference&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(236&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(182&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(599&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(546&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iE_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zDAU6iJ1eaM8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Balance,
    end of the period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,064&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,744&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,064&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,744&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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    <IDT:EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_89E_ecustom--EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock_zJTJ5LrzbDj5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Summarized
financial information of the EMI was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zLSMYjKuwAP1" style="display: none"&gt;Summary of Statements of Operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20230201__20230430__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_ztEACSqgXnNd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zuzVKsFjXfMg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zVn7C9zZxjxk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zPRdPKgf7QM6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z1e7x5XkwNO8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,115&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,689&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,806&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,760&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Costs
    and expenses:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Direct
    cost of revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,693&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,402&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,921&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,307&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Selling,
    general and administrative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,080&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,265&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,488&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,928&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingExpenses_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    costs and expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,773&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,667&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;10,409&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,235&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Loss
    from operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,658&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,978&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4,603&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,475&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(266&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(82&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,108&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(83&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--ProfitLoss_i_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net
    loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,924&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3,060&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,711&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,558&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IDT:EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock>
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      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">2115000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">2689000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">5806000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      unitRef="USD">5760000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      unitRef="USD">-1924000</us-gaap:ProfitLoss>
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    <us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_809_eus-gaap--FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_z49l52zGmTY4" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
8&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82F_zBtev4uLnkYe"&gt;Fair Value Measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_zyAyHpt2jJHa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B0_zwRfIU4pWgRk" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F5E_zBzkyK645vpg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    1 (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F59_zb6AiHnsA101" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    2 (2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F59_zxmQdM8l09C4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    3 (3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
    30, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Debt
    securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z0yswixNN2P1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;30,552&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zu8KkK7S0SHj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,435&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zFfa7T4Yaucl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1767"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zyzqv2uUwtO8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;41,987&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
    investments included in current assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zxaAZVg0AH0i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,776&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zuCDNdtEo8ic" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1773"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zFurvX5pIAuc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1775"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zT3iU6QjmIY8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,776&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
    investments included in noncurrent assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zKZgTiyWz3a5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1779"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zyFROpriiD63" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zf1Sbpn63RHk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,238&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zJWMTl7orlk8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,738&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zBiw8Uskwbf9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;36,328&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zBRm4OH7Duce" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13,935&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zw5lVCTXgo74" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,238&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zbx2Xg4nOGve" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;51,501&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Acquisition
    consideration included in:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zLPHW1CAqpT1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1795"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zeMq0kDIjfl4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1797"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zx8BmAC3m873" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,351&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zIfYzuVhcqQd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,351&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    noncurrent liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zeUcvbTpbmIh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1803"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zXmW8JmBZRVg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1805"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z0R2AVzNOaY7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,773&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zyhAhwxfPAqd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,773&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zI01KAfxhSA6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1811"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zy0gfH1odbya" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1813"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zmUoo4C2GlU8" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,124&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zpUX6U2syMTj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,124&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;July
    31, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Debt
    securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zcyp5c6YRFA1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13,734&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zhVNRcPktsFd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;8,569&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zfmi94mEr0Nd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1823"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;22,303&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
    investments included in current assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zWRop5XbZ4L7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;17,091&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zXvVqQumEHb4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1829"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zgPt0a40z5i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1831"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;17,091&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
    investments included in noncurrent assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z7gslgMvLJSh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1835"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zo1UuGOUJZoe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,730&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z0oV34nVxxq" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,132&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z0mH0y3adAGj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,862&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zQ2BoiedTDje" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;30,825&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zD79mTU76tKd" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;10,299&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zMvVUGuLX304" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,132&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zDpquRDLD9kh" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;42,256&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Acquisition
    consideration included in:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z9eT538uY2oe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1851"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zMLRSmxVT2Oj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1853"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zdTUvP0b8H97" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,578&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zawsLNNSbvc6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,578&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    noncurrent liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zJ8HFfaKieD3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1859"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zxW3TREd3JLk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1861"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zQ7P9tdrovG6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,968&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zq5XpgEHVIy4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,968&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zkMoMw2MzW5a" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1867"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zSsyIIlViRxf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1869"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zES8y1pD2HD9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(8,546&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zTf76hRymS88" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(8,546&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F05_zOAAjbid9MY3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F14_zm8nvoH9NXjj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x2013; quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F06_zTI6Dnnk2TF" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F1E_z3TCk17oye55" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x2013; observable
inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F03_z7gmI8tqqlVh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F19_zzXBeoT4sL7c" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x2013; no observable
pricing inputs in the market&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A1_zOLn25dDsvWg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, the Company had $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--InvestmentInHedgeFunds_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_zFSLah5hBAF7" title="Investment in hedge funds"&gt;3.1&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_900_ecustom--InvestmentInHedgeFunds_iI_pn5n6_c20220731_zPO8EStJbBx2" title="Investment in hedge funds"&gt;3.2 &lt;/span&gt;million, respectively, in investments in hedge funds, which were
included in noncurrent &#x201c;Equity investments&#x201d; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company&#x2019;s investments
in hedge funds were accounted for using the equity method, therefore they were not measured at fair value.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zB5TnQAaNU9j" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B0_zUoWATVKiJZa" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230201__20230430_zZxq6Wx2KaZa" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220201__20220430_zKz7LZcPiAC7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20220801__20230430_zqv0odRBigWk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220430_zwtj9yTh9ZTl" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                  &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                  &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iS_pn3n3_zyp7ozBtJR48" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Balance,
    beginning of period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,225&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,261&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,132&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,465&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1_pn3n3_zQOgB7ebBJfb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    gains (losses) recognized in &#x201c;Other expense, net&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(130&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;106&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(334&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iE_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Balance,
    end of period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,238&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,131&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,238&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,131&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_zeKIdnyEfSQe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Change
    in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1899"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1900"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1901"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1902"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AC_z9Osv7P7pdPb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zWA1iPKyT4bj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_z3jGqQPldNP2" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230201__20230430_zOEDBIJOFTSa" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20220201__20220430_zyk1BLJofAQg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20220801__20230430_zlTz7AiI5xml" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20210801__20220430_z5DznJHn4gLf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iS_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Balance,
    beginning of period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,609&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;703&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;8,546&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationLiabilityTransfersIntoLevel3_pn3n3_zsIoWWYINMgj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Transfer
    into Level 3 from acquisitions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1911"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,849&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1913"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,849&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements_iN_pn3n3_di_z4e96jDiJZ6e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,800&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1917"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,175&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1919"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    losses (gains) included in:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings_pn3n3_zFIun3GbJQE" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x201c;Other
    operating expense, net&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;216&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1922"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,349&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(303&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_ecustom--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense_pn3n3_zqTn37Lo0Wcg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Interest
    expense included in &#x201c;Interest income, net&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;97&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1927"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;97&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1929"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome_iN_pn3n3_di_zZ34S871MBE4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x201c;Foreign
    currency translation adjustment&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iE_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Balance,
    end of period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,124&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;8,548&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,124&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;8,548&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_zLT3VFAvWXTb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Change
    in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for liabilities held at the end of the period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1941"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1942"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1943"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1944"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_zHDtTmgmvONj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company paid an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430_zSI7lLkSXUIg" title="Contingent consideration payment"&gt;2.2&lt;/span&gt;
million in contingent consideration related to prior acquisitions. In addition, in the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company
determined that the requirements for a portion of the contingent consideration payments related to the acquisition of Leaf would not
be met, and, in the nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company determined that the requirements for a contingent consideration
payment related to an acquisition in December 2019 would not be met before the expiration date. The Company recorded gains of $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn5n6_di_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zqMOC7HUJf28" title="Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation"&gt;1.6&lt;/span&gt;
million and $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn5n6_di_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zkvL3Hnfn9K1" title="Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation"&gt;0.3&lt;/span&gt;
million in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, on the write-off of these contingent consideration payment obligations, which were included in &#x201c;Other
operating expense, net&#x201d; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Also, in the three and nine months ended April
30, 2023, the Company increased the estimated fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration by $&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment_pn5n6_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_z3Sz1tYmZ19h" title="Estimated fair value of contingent consideration"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt; million, which was included in &#x201c;Other operating expense, net&#x201d; in the accompanying consolidated statements
of income.
There were no other changes in the estimated fair value of contingent consideration in the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and
2022.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Fair
Value of Other Financial Instruments&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
The estimated fair value of the Company&#x2019;s other financial instruments was determined using available market information or other
appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting these data to develop estimates of fair
value. Consequently, the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current
market exchange.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
&lt;i&gt;Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, other current assets, customer deposits, and other current liabilities.
&lt;/i&gt;At April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value because of the short
period of time to maturity. The fair value estimates for cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents were classified
as Level 1 and other current assets, customer deposits, and other current liabilities were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
&lt;i&gt;Other assets and other liabilities. &lt;/i&gt;At April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated
fair value. The fair values were estimated based on the Company&#x2019;s assumptions, which were classified as Level 3 of the fair value
hierarchy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_zyAyHpt2jJHa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B0_zwRfIU4pWgRk" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F5E_zBzkyK645vpg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    1 (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F59_zb6AiHnsA101" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    2 (2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F59_zxmQdM8l09C4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    3 (3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
    30, 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Debt
    securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z0yswixNN2P1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;30,552&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zu8KkK7S0SHj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;11,435&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zFfa7T4Yaucl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1767"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zyzqv2uUwtO8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;41,987&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
    investments included in current assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zxaAZVg0AH0i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,776&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zuCDNdtEo8ic" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1773"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zFurvX5pIAuc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1775"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zT3iU6QjmIY8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,776&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
    investments included in noncurrent assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zKZgTiyWz3a5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1779"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zyFROpriiD63" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zf1Sbpn63RHk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,238&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zJWMTl7orlk8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,738&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zBiw8Uskwbf9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;36,328&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zBRm4OH7Duce" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13,935&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zw5lVCTXgo74" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,238&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zbx2Xg4nOGve" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;51,501&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Acquisition
    consideration included in:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zLPHW1CAqpT1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1795"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zeMq0kDIjfl4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1797"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zx8BmAC3m873" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,351&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zIfYzuVhcqQd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,351&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    noncurrent liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zeUcvbTpbmIh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1803"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zXmW8JmBZRVg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1805"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z0R2AVzNOaY7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,773&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zyhAhwxfPAqd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,773&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zI01KAfxhSA6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1811"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zy0gfH1odbya" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1813"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zmUoo4C2GlU8" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,124&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230430__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zpUX6U2syMTj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,124&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;July
    31, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Debt
    securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zcyp5c6YRFA1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13,734&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zhVNRcPktsFd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;8,569&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zfmi94mEr0Nd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1823"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;22,303&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
    investments included in current assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zWRop5XbZ4L7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;17,091&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zXvVqQumEHb4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1829"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zgPt0a40z5i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1831"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;17,091&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
    investments included in noncurrent assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z7gslgMvLJSh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1835"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zo1UuGOUJZoe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,730&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z0oV34nVxxq" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,132&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z0mH0y3adAGj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,862&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zQ2BoiedTDje" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;30,825&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zD79mTU76tKd" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;10,299&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zMvVUGuLX304" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,132&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zDpquRDLD9kh" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;42,256&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Acquisition
    consideration included in:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z9eT538uY2oe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1851"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zMLRSmxVT2Oj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1853"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zdTUvP0b8H97" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,578&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zawsLNNSbvc6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,578&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    noncurrent liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zJ8HFfaKieD3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1859"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zxW3TREd3JLk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1861"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zQ7P9tdrovG6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,968&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zq5XpgEHVIy4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,968&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zkMoMw2MzW5a" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1867"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zSsyIIlViRxf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1869"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zES8y1pD2HD9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(8,546&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20220731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zTf76hRymS88" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(8,546&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F05_zOAAjbid9MY3" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F14_zm8nvoH9NXjj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x2013; quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F06_zTI6Dnnk2TF" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F1E_z3TCk17oye55" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x2013; observable
inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F03_z7gmI8tqqlVh" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F19_zzXBeoT4sL7c" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x2013; no observable
pricing inputs in the market&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

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      id="Fact001819"
      unitRef="USD">13734000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001821"
      unitRef="USD">8569000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">22303000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities>
    <IDT:EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001827"
      unitRef="USD">17091000</IDT:EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset>
    <IDT:EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">17091000</IDT:EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset>
    <IDT:EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001837"
      unitRef="USD">1730000</IDT:EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets>
    <IDT:EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001839"
      unitRef="USD">1132000</IDT:EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets>
    <IDT:EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">2862000</IDT:EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001843"
      unitRef="USD">30825000</us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001845"
      unitRef="USD">10299000</us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001847"
      unitRef="USD">1132000</us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">42256000</us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001855"
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    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent
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    <IDT:ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001871"
      unitRef="USD">-8546000</IDT:ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities>
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    <IDT:InvestmentInHedgeFunds contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-5" unitRef="USD">3100000</IDT:InvestmentInHedgeFunds>
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    <us-gaap:FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zB5TnQAaNU9j" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B0_zUoWATVKiJZa" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230201__20230430_zZxq6Wx2KaZa" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220201__20220430_zKz7LZcPiAC7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20220801__20230430_zqv0odRBigWk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220430_zwtj9yTh9ZTl" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                  &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                  &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iS_pn3n3_zyp7ozBtJR48" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Balance,
    beginning of period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,225&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,261&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,132&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,465&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1_pn3n3_zQOgB7ebBJfb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    gains (losses) recognized in &#x201c;Other expense, net&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(130&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;106&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(334&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iE_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Balance,
    end of period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,238&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,131&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,238&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,131&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_zeKIdnyEfSQe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Change
    in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1899"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1900"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1901"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1902"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue contextRef="AsOf2023-01-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">1225000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue contextRef="AsOf2022-01-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">2261000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">1132000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">2465000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">13000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-130000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">106000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-334000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">1238000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue contextRef="AsOf2022-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">2131000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">1238000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue contextRef="AsOf2022-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">2131000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue>
    <us-gaap:FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zWA1iPKyT4bj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_z3jGqQPldNP2" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230201__20230430_zOEDBIJOFTSa" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20220201__20220430_zyk1BLJofAQg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20220801__20230430_zlTz7AiI5xml" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20210801__20220430_z5DznJHn4gLf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iS_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Balance,
    beginning of period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;6,609&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;703&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;8,546&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationLiabilityTransfersIntoLevel3_pn3n3_zsIoWWYINMgj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Transfer
    into Level 3 from acquisitions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1911"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,849&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1913"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,849&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements_iN_pn3n3_di_z4e96jDiJZ6e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,800&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1917"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2,175&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1919"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    losses (gains) included in:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings_pn3n3_zFIun3GbJQE" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x201c;Other
    operating expense, net&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;216&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1922"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,349&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(303&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_ecustom--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense_pn3n3_zqTn37Lo0Wcg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Interest
    expense included in &#x201c;Interest income, net&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;97&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1927"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;97&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1929"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome_iN_pn3n3_di_zZ34S871MBE4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x201c;Foreign
    currency translation adjustment&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iE_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Balance,
    end of period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,124&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1943"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1944"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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    <us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--VariableInterestEntityDisclosureTextBlock_zmXHETjCQK5b" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
9&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_822_zIpXNR73L4W7"&gt;Variable Interest Entity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE that operates money transfer businesses. The Company determined that, effective May 31, 2021,
it had the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance, and the Company has the
obligation to absorb losses of and the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to it. As a result,
the Company consolidates the VIE. The Company does not currently own any interest in the VIE and thus the net income incurred by the
VIE was attributed to noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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VIE&#x2019;s net income and aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zAN0iCabUHwk" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Provided by (Repaid to) the Company by VIE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"/&gt;




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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230201__20230430_z60GcQaLRL96" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220201__20220430_zueWtxvN4Dgi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20220801__20230430_zboqIdm9Lhzf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430_z3OrZ7dGTC1c" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                               &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="12" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in
                                            thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_pn3n3_zLVyxqZ4Wu77" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 44%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net
    income of the VIE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;43&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;72&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;208&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;72&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_pn3n3_zzVSYdgHUH67" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Aggregate
    funding provided by (repaid to) the Company, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1963"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;87&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(95&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A1_z2uc3hpaBzXd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89E_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_zWM3SIrnyuG1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
VIE&#x2019;s summarized consolidated balance sheet amounts are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_z5mHEiibUQi8" style="display: none"&gt;VIE&#x2019;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20230430__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_z239JQjUs0Z8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zwmuaX2vtumj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July
                                            31, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Assets:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cash
    and equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,607&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,808&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Restricted
    cash&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,379&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,490&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--ReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Trade
    accounts receivable, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Prepaid
    expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;101&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    current assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,240&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,387&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DueFromRelatedPartiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Due
    from the Company&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1985"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;86&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Property,
    plant, and equipment, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;325&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;467&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    intangibles, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;775&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;889&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Assets_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;12,432&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;9,172&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Liabilities
    and noncontrolling interests:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Trade
    accounts payable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1997"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1998"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accrued
    expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;8,553&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,559&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--DueToRelatedPartiesNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Due
    to the Company&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2007"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accumulated
    other comprehensive loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;49&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--MinorityInterest_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Noncontrolling
    interests 	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,810&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,602&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    liabilities and noncontrolling interests&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;12,432&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;9,172&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A4_zwFWcf20AkW8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
VIE&#x2019;s assets may only be used to settle the VIE&#x2019;s obligations and may not be used for other consolidated entities. The VIE&#x2019;s
liabilities are non-recourse to the general credit of the Company&#x2019;s other consolidated entities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityDisclosureTextBlock>
    <srt:ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_896_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_zdoNQZ4KMENb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
VIE&#x2019;s net income and aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zAN0iCabUHwk" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Provided by (Repaid to) the Company by VIE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"/&gt;




&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230201__20230430_z60GcQaLRL96" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220201__20220430_zueWtxvN4Dgi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20220801__20230430_zboqIdm9Lhzf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20210801__20220430_z3OrZ7dGTC1c" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                               &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="12" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in
                                            thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_pn3n3_zLVyxqZ4Wu77" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 44%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net
    income of the VIE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;43&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;72&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;208&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;72&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_pn3n3_zzVSYdgHUH67" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Aggregate
    funding provided by (repaid to) the Company, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1963"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;87&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(95&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</srt:ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">43000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">72000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">208000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">72000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">87000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-95000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity>
    <srt:ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_89E_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_zWM3SIrnyuG1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
VIE&#x2019;s summarized consolidated balance sheet amounts are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_z5mHEiibUQi8" style="display: none"&gt;VIE&#x2019;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20230430__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_z239JQjUs0Z8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zwmuaX2vtumj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July
                                            31, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="5" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Assets:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cash
    and equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2,607&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,808&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Restricted
    cash&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7,379&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,490&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--ReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Trade
    accounts receivable, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Prepaid
    expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;101&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    current assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,240&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,387&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DueFromRelatedPartiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Due
    from the Company&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1985"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;86&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Property,
    plant, and equipment, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;325&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;467&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    intangibles, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;775&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;889&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Assets_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;12,432&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;9,172&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Liabilities
    and noncontrolling interests:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Trade
    accounts payable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1997"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1998"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accrued
    expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
    current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;8,553&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;5,559&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--DueToRelatedPartiesNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Due
    to the Company&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2007"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accumulated
    other comprehensive loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;49&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--MinorityInterest_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Noncontrolling
    interests 	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,810&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,602&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_iI_pn3n3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    liabilities and noncontrolling interests&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;12,432&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;9,172&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</srt:ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">2607000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1808000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">7379000</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">4490000</us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ReceivablesNetCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">5000</us-gaap:ReceivablesNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:ReceivablesNetCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">31000</us-gaap:ReceivablesNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">101000</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">14000</us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1240000</us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1387000</us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent>
    <us-gaap:DueFromRelatedPartiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">86000</us-gaap:DueFromRelatedPartiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">325000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">467000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <us-gaap:OtherIntangibleAssetsNet
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">775000</us-gaap:OtherIntangibleAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:OtherIntangibleAssetsNet
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">889000</us-gaap:OtherIntangibleAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:Assets
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">12432000</us-gaap:Assets>
    <us-gaap:Assets
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">9172000</us-gaap:Assets>
    <us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">19000</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">20000</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">8553000</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">5559000</us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:DueToRelatedPartiesNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1000</us-gaap:DueToRelatedPartiesNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">49000</us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-9000</us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterest
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3810000</us-gaap:MinorityInterest>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterest
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3602000</us-gaap:MinorityInterest>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">12432000</us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">9172000</us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity>
    <us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock_zU2S1jmbb16c" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
10&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_825_za8pao9dbwPb"&gt;Other Operating Expense, Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_892_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpenseNetTableTextBlock_zjAzidNR6Pj7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the other operating expense, net by business segment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zwX1jRNfc1Ql" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Other Operating Expense, Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 91%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20230201__20230430_zAMeic05SZp6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20220201__20220430_zQ9l69lN7Pwi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20220801__20230430_zreQSwpiZfl5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20210801__20220430_z2OxG59YC145" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--LegalFees_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENz4fO_z1B33P6TRJWi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate&#x2014;Straight
    Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(973&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,410&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,082&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,081&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_pn3n3_maOOIENz4fO_zvnJrYeQc8U1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate&#x2014;Straight
    Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;337&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,252&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,325&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,139&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENz4fO_zaGciAmeDnmk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fintech&#x2014;write-off
    of contingent consideration liability&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2032"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2033"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2062"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_pn3n3_mtOOIENz4fO_zyqhZ1wBjB58" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    other operating expense, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4,764&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(179&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3,948&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(709&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AD_z8d6WWfZALp4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Straight
Path Communications Inc. Class Action&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
discussed in Note 16, the Company (as well as other defendants) has been named in a pending class action on behalf of the stockholders
of the Company&#x2019;s former subsidiary, Straight Path Communications Inc. (&#x201c;Straight Path&#x201d;). The Company incurred legal
fees and recorded offsetting gains from insurance claims related to this action in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 and
2022.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Contingent Consideration Liabilities&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company determined that the requirements for a portion of the contingent consideration payments
related to the Leaf acquisition would not be met. In addition, in the nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company determined that the
requirements for a contingent consideration payment related to an acquisition in December 2019 would not be met before the expiration
date. The Company recognized gains on the write-off of these contingent consideration payment obligations in the Fintech and net2phone
segments, respectively. Also, in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company increased the estimated fair value of acquisition-related
contingent consideration in its Traditional Communications segment by $&lt;span id="xdx_906_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_pn5n6_c20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_zWbfz3fgQgkb" title="Estimated fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration liability"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_zVP2JnCFwUo7" title="Estimated fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration liability"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; million.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Government
Grants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, Leaf received payments from
government grants for the development and commercialization of blockchain-backed financial technologies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Indemnification
Claim&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Beginning
in June 2019, as part of a commercial resolution, the Company indemnified a cable telephony customer related to patent infringement claims
brought against the customer. On May 8, 2023, the Company and the customer agreed to release the Company from the indemnification agreement in
exchange for $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_pn5n6_c20230507__20230508__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--IndemnificationAgreementMember_zn6YYL0h8EI3" title="Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim"&gt;3.9&lt;/span&gt; million, of which $&lt;span id="xdx_904_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid_pn5n6_c20230509__20230510__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--IndemnificationAgreementMember_zjaJf29cKRRf" title="Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim, paid"&gt;1.9&lt;/span&gt; million was paid on May 10, 2023 and the remainder will be paid in five monthly invoice deductions
of $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimToBePaid_pn5n6_c20230509__20230510__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--IndemnificationAgreementMember_zJRKhliaKtGa" title="Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim, reminder"&gt;0.4&lt;/span&gt; million each.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock>
    <IDT:ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpenseNetTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_892_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpenseNetTableTextBlock_zjAzidNR6Pj7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the other operating expense, net by business segment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zwX1jRNfc1Ql" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Other Operating Expense, Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 91%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20230201__20230430_zAMeic05SZp6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20220201__20220430_zQ9l69lN7Pwi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20220801__20230430_zreQSwpiZfl5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20210801__20220430_z2OxG59YC145" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--LegalFees_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENz4fO_z1B33P6TRJWi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate&#x2014;Straight
    Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(973&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1,410&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,082&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(5,081&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_pn3n3_maOOIENz4fO_zvnJrYeQc8U1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate&#x2014;Straight
    Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;337&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,252&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3,325&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;4,139&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENz4fO_zaGciAmeDnmk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fintech&#x2014;write-off
    of contingent consideration liability&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2032"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2033"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;1,565&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2035"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_ecustom--FintechGovernmentGrants_pn3n3_maOOIENz4fO_zr33zZWIZR75" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fintech&#x2014;
    government grants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2037"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENz4fO_zGdU2i7mT91h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone&#x2014;write-off
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2042"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2044"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;303&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_ecustom--Net2PhoneOtherNet_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENz4fO_zdsKdIUGOu14" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone&#x2014;other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2047"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENz4fO_zerkIeNksAZe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
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    Communications&#x2014; cable telephony customer indemnification claim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(33&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2058"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_pn3n3_mtOOIENz4fO_zyqhZ1wBjB58" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
    other operating expense, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(4,764&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(179&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3,948&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(709&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IDT:ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpenseNetTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LegalFees
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">973000</us-gaap:LegalFees>
    <us-gaap:LegalFees
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1410000</us-gaap:LegalFees>
    <us-gaap:LegalFees
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">5082000</us-gaap:LegalFees>
    <us-gaap:LegalFees
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">5081000</us-gaap:LegalFees>
    <us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">337000</us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds>
    <us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1252000</us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds>
    <us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3325000</us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds>
    <us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">4139000</us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-1565000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1>
    <IDT:FintechGovernmentGrants
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">13000</IDT:FintechGovernmentGrants>
    <IDT:FintechGovernmentGrants
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">382000</IDT:FintechGovernmentGrants>
    <IDT:FintechGovernmentGrants
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">13000</IDT:FintechGovernmentGrants>
    <IDT:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-303000</IDT:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability>
    <IDT:Net2PhoneOtherNet
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">10000</IDT:Net2PhoneOtherNet>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3912000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">33000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">3925000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">68000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">216000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">216000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsOther
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">1000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsOther>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsOther
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-3000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsOther>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsOther
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">5000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsOther>
    <us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-4764000</us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet>
    <us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-179000</us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet>
    <us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-3948000</us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet>
    <us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-709000</us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">200000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">200000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim
      contextRef="From2023-05-072023-05-08_custom_IndemnificationAgreementMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">3900000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid
      contextRef="From2023-05-092023-05-10_custom_IndemnificationAgreementMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">1900000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimPaid>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimToBePaid
      contextRef="From2023-05-092023-05-10_custom_IndemnificationAgreementMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">400000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaimToBePaid>
    <us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--DebtDisclosureTextBlock_zs7w4eVNRjV7" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
11&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82F_zofRvruZN0E7"&gt;Revolving Credit Facility&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc. (&#x201c;IDT Telecom&#x201d;), entered into a credit agreement, dated as of May 17, 2021,
with TD Bank, N.A. for a revolving credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_pn5n6" title="Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity"&gt;25.0&lt;/span&gt; million. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds
to finance working capital requirements and for certain closing costs of the facility. At April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, there were
&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_pn5n6_do_c20230430__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zruPtP5zRvHa" title="Revolving credit amount outstanding"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_pn5n6_do_c20220731__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zgBey5kWMRl9" title="Revolving credit amount outstanding"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; amounts outstanding under this facility. In the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate
of $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zjnS8DsC7Hv8" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zeMsumjcIkg8" title="Repayments of lines of credit"&gt;2.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zW0jT5KqaJd7" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zjMEvgjAycFk" title="Repayments of lines of credit"&gt;2.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, under the facility. &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityDescription_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zViUnysEwZUi" title="Credit facility, description"&gt;The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT
Telecom&#x2019;s assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum at the Intercontinental Exchange Benchmark Administration
Ltd. LIBOR multiplied by the Regulation D maximum reserve requirement plus 125 to 175 basis points, depending upon IDT Telecom&#x2019;s
leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter. Interest is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued
and unpaid interest is due on May 16, 2024. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee on the average daily balance of the unused
portion of the $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity_iI_pn5n6_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zRQV00QaJkCk" title="Revolving credit, unused portion amount"&gt;25.0&lt;/span&gt; million commitment of 30 to 85 basis points, depending upon IDT Telecom&#x2019;s leverage ratio as computed for the
most recent fiscal quarter.&lt;/span&gt; IDT Telecom is required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain
targets based on financial ratios during the term of the revolving credit facility. As of April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, IDT Telecom
was in compliance with all of the covenants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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      contextRef="AsOf2021-05-17_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">25000000.0</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCredit
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">0</us-gaap:LineOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCredit
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">0</us-gaap:LineOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_IDTTelecomMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">2400000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_IDTTelecomMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">2400000</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_IDTTelecomMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">2600000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_IDTTelecomMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">2600000</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityDescription contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember">The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT
Telecom&#x2019;s assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum at the Intercontinental Exchange Benchmark Administration
Ltd. LIBOR multiplied by the Regulation D maximum reserve requirement plus 125 to 175 basis points, depending upon IDT Telecom&#x2019;s
leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter. Interest is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued
and unpaid interest is due on May 16, 2024. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee on the average daily balance of the unused
portion of the $25.0 million commitment of 30 to 85 basis points, depending upon IDT Telecom&#x2019;s leverage ratio as computed for the
most recent fiscal quarter.</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityDescription>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity
      contextRef="AsOf2021-05-17_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">25000000.0</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_801_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_zH5b1dCh9fGb" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
12&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_824_zmkBP212Xs91"&gt;Equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Stock
Issued to Certain Executive Officers for Bonus Payments&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023, certain executive officers of the Company received performance bonuses for fiscal 2022 of an
aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_907_ecustom--PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember_zzZxCqeVLLR5" title="Performance bonus paid in cash stock"&gt;
1.2 &lt;/span&gt;million, of which one-half was paid in cash and one-half was paid in shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock.
The Company issued &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20220801__20230430__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z7mOxuHeLLd" title="Issuance of shares"&gt;24,543&lt;/span&gt;
shares of its Class B common stock with an issue date value of $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zmdpWNbnyPR7" title="Issuance of shares, value"&gt;0.6&lt;/span&gt;
million for the bonus payments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;i&gt;2022&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Deferred
Stock Units Equity Incentive Program&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zYmbPuE5FpL7" title="Deferred stock units, description"&gt;On
November 30, 2022, the Company adopted an equity incentive program (under its 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan) in the form of
grants of deferred stock units (&#x201c;DSUs&#x201d;) that, upon vesting, will entitle the grantees to receive shares of the
Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock. In the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company granted an aggregate of &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z57z6fYXVk15" title="Number of deferred stock units granted"&gt;193,225&lt;/span&gt;
DSUs to certain of its executive officers and other employees. The number of shares that will be issuable on each vesting date will
vary between 50% to 200% of the number of DSUs that vest on that vesting date, depending on the market price for the underlying
Class B common stock on the vesting date relative to the base price approved by the Compensation Committee of the Company&#x2019;s
Board of Directors of $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_pid_c20221130__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BoardOfDirectorsMember_zAb2CGLgdMnk" title="Share price"&gt;25.45&lt;/span&gt;
per share (which was based on the market price at the time of the initial grants under this program). On May 17, 2023, the first vesting date under the
program, in accordance with the program and based on certain elections made by grantees, the Company issued &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20230517__20230517__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zH7CAxcs1gGa" title="Number of shares issued"&gt;41,945&lt;/span&gt;
shares of its Class B common stock for vested DSUs. Based on those elections, vesting for &lt;span id="xdx_907_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingDeferredInPeriod_iI_pid_c20230517__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--AwardDateAxis__custom--FebruaryTwentyOneTwoThousandAndTwentyFourMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zuSnXdOoSuZ" title="Number of shares vested"&gt;30,909&lt;/span&gt;
DSUs was delayed until February 21, 2024. Subject to continued full time employment or other service to the Company, the remaining
DSUs are scheduled to vest on February 21, 2024 and February 25, 2025. The grantees will have the right to elect a later vesting date
no later than January 19, 2024 for the February 21, 2024 vesting date. A grantee will have the option to elect a later vesting date
for one-half or all of the shares scheduled to vest on February 21, 2024 and any DSUs that do not vest based on the grantee&#x2019;s
election, will be eligible to vest on February 25, 2025. The Company estimated that the fair value of the DSUs on the date of grants
was an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_903_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zlCgfAddUDF" title="Estimated fair value of DSUs on date of grant"&gt;5.2&lt;/span&gt;
million, which is being recognized on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service periods ending in February 2025. The Company
used a risk neutral Monte Carlo simulation method in its valuation of the DSUs, which simulated the range of possible future values
of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock over the life of the DSUs.&lt;/span&gt; The weighted average grant date fair value per DSU was
$&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z3SY8rgSTs4a" title="Weighted average grant date fair value per DSU"&gt;27.20&lt;/span&gt;.
At April 30, 2023, there was $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_ziXxTbjimCQd" title="Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested DSUs"&gt;2.9&lt;/span&gt;
million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested DSUs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;2019 Deferred Stock Units Equity Incentive Program&lt;/i&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company had a prior equity incentive program in the form of DSUs that, upon vesting, entitled the grantees to receive shares of the Company&#x2019;s
Class B common stock. On January 5, 2022, the third and final vesting date under the program, the Company issued &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_c20220104__20220105__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zlRI7ZcfHiH9" title="Number of shares issued"&gt;301,296&lt;/span&gt; shares of its
Class B common stock in respect of DSUs that vested on that date.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt; Stock Option and Incentive Plan&#x2014;Other&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
December 14, 2022, the Company&#x2019;s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company&#x2019;s 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan
to increase the number of shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock available for the grant of awards thereunder by an additional
&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_pid_c20221213__20221214__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zpjijZxQt8ag" title="Stock additionally authorized"&gt;50,000&lt;/span&gt; shares.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company received cash from the exercise of stock options of $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zFzzwitlmhTa" title="Proceeds from exercise of stock options"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt;
million, for which the Company issued &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zQHnS4Y2geIg" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares"&gt;12,500&lt;/span&gt;
shares of its Class B common stock. In the nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company received cash from the exercise of stock
options of $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zVjdsZKJjzyc" title="Proceeds from exercise of stock options"&gt;0.1&lt;/span&gt;
million, for which the Company issued &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zrn6AWHpJL88" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares"&gt;10,000&lt;/span&gt;
shares of its Class B common stock. In addition, in April 2022, Howard S. Jonas exercised stock options for &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20220401__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zRWzCoKvyapb" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares"&gt;1.0 &lt;/span&gt;million
shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock that were granted on May 2, 2017. The exercise price of these options was $&lt;span id="xdx_906_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice_pid_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zCGHkM8f8sN3" title="Exercise price of stock options"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_905_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice_pid_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zHMtMPlFlUb9" title="Exercise price of stock options"&gt;14.93&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
per share and the expiration date was &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_pid_dd_c20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zIaoWitnAVIl" title="Stock option expiration date"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_pid_dd_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_z4LeHjPui4Zc" title="Stock option expiration date"&gt;May
1, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Mr. Jonas used &lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20220401__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zwqsa1AORfYd" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares"&gt;528,635&lt;/span&gt;
shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock with a value of $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20220401__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zMSlRWDa8twh" title="Number of exercised of stock options, value"&gt;14.9&lt;/span&gt;
million to pay the aggregate exercise price of the options. Mr. Jonas tendered &lt;span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding_pid_c20220401__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zQCBpmWtZjki" title="Number of shares issued"&gt;137,364&lt;/span&gt;
shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock with a value of $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220401__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zB5igawx1TJj" title="Number of shares issued, value"&gt;3.9&lt;/span&gt;
million to satisfy a portion of his tax obligations in connection with his stock option exercises.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company granted &lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20220801__20230430__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeeMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_z3gzZotFf8yb" title="Stock granted"&gt;15,000&lt;/span&gt; shares of its Class B common stock to an employee. The Company recorded
stock-based compensation expense and an increase in &#x201c;Additional paid-in capital&#x201d; of $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeeMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zsEgtk3DOUVe" title="Share based compensation"&gt;0.4&lt;/span&gt; million for this grant, which was
the fair value of the shares on the grant date. In addition, in the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;granted
&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember_zJKgB84Mdfs5" title="Number of restricted shares granted"&gt;16,000&lt;/span&gt; restricted shares of its Class B common stock to an executive officer. The Company estimated that the grant date fair value of
the shares was $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember_zuQs8XuGPNO7" title="Share based compensation"&gt;0.3&lt;/span&gt; million, which is being recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining vesting period that ends in &lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember_zMos7Z8BunP3" title="Vesting period"&gt;February
2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Stock
Repurchases&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has an existing stock repurchase program authorized by its Board of Directors for the repurchase of shares of the Company&#x2019;s
Class B common stock. The Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zWzxTuiA1tK4" title="Aggregate repurchased shares"&gt;8.0&lt;/span&gt; million shares in the aggregate. In the nine months
ended April 30, 2023, the Company repurchased &lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_z5tLizhrqnEf" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"&gt;280,130&lt;/span&gt; shares of its Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zHg1z5BgXcjb" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"&gt;7.5&lt;/span&gt; million.
There were no repurchases under the program in the nine months ended April 30, 2022. At April 30, 2023, &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_zBek4YP63Sh8" title="Shares remained available for repurchase under stock repurchase program"&gt;4.9&lt;/span&gt; million shares remained available
for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company paid $&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_z0C2AafzMSrb" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"&gt;0.3&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zD2Na5cjqCBc" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"&gt;9.0&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, to repurchase &lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_pid_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_ztOvouD6Rr11" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"&gt;13,547&lt;/span&gt; and
&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_pid_c20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zzBO6dGKOU2b" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"&gt;200,438&lt;/span&gt; shares, respectively, of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock that were tendered by employees of the Company to satisfy the
employees&#x2019; tax withholding obligations in connection with shares issued for bonus payments, the vesting of DSUs, and lapsing of
restrictions on restricted stock. Such shares were repurchased by the Company based on their fair market value as of the close of business
on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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      unitRef="USD">1200000</IDT:PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock>
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      unitRef="USD">600000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember">On
November 30, 2022, the Company adopted an equity incentive program (under its 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan) in the form of
grants of deferred stock units (&#x201c;DSUs&#x201d;) that, upon vesting, will entitle the grantees to receive shares of the
Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock. In the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company granted an aggregate of 193,225
DSUs to certain of its executive officers and other employees. The number of shares that will be issuable on each vesting date will
vary between 50% to 200% of the number of DSUs that vest on that vesting date, depending on the market price for the underlying
Class B common stock on the vesting date relative to the base price approved by the Compensation Committee of the Company&#x2019;s
Board of Directors of $25.45
per share (which was based on the market price at the time of the initial grants under this program). On May 17, 2023, the first vesting date under the
program, in accordance with the program and based on certain elections made by grantees, the Company issued 41,945
shares of its Class B common stock for vested DSUs. Based on those elections, vesting for 30,909
DSUs was delayed until February 21, 2024. Subject to continued full time employment or other service to the Company, the remaining
DSUs are scheduled to vest on February 21, 2024 and February 25, 2025. The grantees will have the right to elect a later vesting date
no later than January 19, 2024 for the February 21, 2024 vesting date. A grantee will have the option to elect a later vesting date
for one-half or all of the shares scheduled to vest on February 21, 2024 and any DSUs that do not vest based on the grantee&#x2019;s
election, will be eligible to vest on February 25, 2025. The Company estimated that the fair value of the DSUs on the date of grants
was an aggregate of $5.2
million, which is being recognized on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service periods ending in February 2025. The Company
used a risk neutral Monte Carlo simulation method in its valuation of the DSUs, which simulated the range of possible future values
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      unitRef="Shares">193225</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted>
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      unitRef="Shares">30909</IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingDeferredInPeriod>
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      unitRef="USDPShares">27.20</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">2900000</us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod
      contextRef="From2022-01-042022-01-05_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">301296</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="From2022-12-132022-12-14_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">50000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">200000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">12500</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised>
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      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">100000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwentyFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">10000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="From2022-04-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember"
      decimals="INF"
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      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">14.93</IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice>
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      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="USDPShares">14.93</IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember">2022-05-01</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember">2022-05-01</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate>
    <IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="From2022-04-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">528635</IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="From2022-04-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">14900000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised>
    <IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding
      contextRef="From2022-04-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">137364</IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod
      contextRef="From2022-04-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">3900000</us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod
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      unitRef="Shares">15000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
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      unitRef="USD">400000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">16000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
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      unitRef="USD">300000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">February
2025</IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestingPeriod>
    <us-gaap:StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember"
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      unitRef="Shares">8000000.0</us-gaap:StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">280130</us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod
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    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember"
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    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">13547</us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">200438</us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_801_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock_zJXwsWInBRXg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
13&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82E_zlrbk3a2fV2g"&gt;Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
September 29, 2021, NRS sold shares of its Class B common stock representing &lt;span id="xdx_905_ecustom--SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_pid_dp_uPure_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zCn335pJdkyi" title="Capital stock outstanding percentage"&gt;2.5&lt;/span&gt;% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted
basis to Alta Fox Opportunities Fund LP (&#x201c;Alta Fox&#x201d;) for cash of $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_pn6n6_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zaNOYwdsrk74" title="Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt; million. Alta Fox has the right to request that NRS
redeem all or any portion of the NRS common shares that it purchased at the per share purchase price during a period of 182 days following
the fifth anniversary of this transaction. The redemption right shall terminate upon the consummation of (i) a sale of NRS or its assets
for cash or securities that are listed on a national securities exchange, (ii) a public offering of NRS&#x2019; securities, or (iii) a
distribution of NRS&#x2019; capital stock following which NRS&#x2019; common shares are listed on a national securities exchange.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
shares of NRS&#x2019; Class B common stock sold to Alta Fox have been classified as mezzanine equity in the accompanying consolidated
balance sheets because they may be redeemed at the option of Alta Fox, although the shares are not mandatorily redeemable. The carrying
amount of the shares includes the noncontrolling interest in the net income of NRS. The net income attributable to the mezzanine equity&#x2019;s
noncontrolling interest during the periods were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock_z8cn7RqS1vC7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zg1oUscNVUx" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#x2019;s Noncontrolling Interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zGgs68HmloF8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_z8U67cUxhEWh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zLo3vQHv5mIe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zvsCljEzjw2c" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest_pn3n3_zOXCoH1TC63f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 44%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net
    income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#x2019;s noncontrolling interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;60&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;36&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;258&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;99&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A8_zochMoeQHhmh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock>
    <IDT:SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction
      contextRef="From2021-09-282021-09-29_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.025</IDT:SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction>
    <us-gaap:SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction
      contextRef="From2021-09-282021-09-29_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-6"
      unitRef="USD">10000000</us-gaap:SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock_z8cn7RqS1vC7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zg1oUscNVUx" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#x2019;s Noncontrolling Interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230201__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zGgs68HmloF8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220201__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_z8U67cUxhEWh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zLo3vQHv5mIe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20210801__20220430__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zvsCljEzjw2c" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest_pn3n3_zOXCoH1TC63f" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 44%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net
    income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#x2019;s noncontrolling interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;60&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;36&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;258&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;99&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">60000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">36000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">258000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">99000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareTextBlock_zjezTx66Qpo9" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
14&#x2014; &lt;span id="xdx_82D_zEDbCzas6mo7"&gt;Earnings Per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Basic
earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted
average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed
in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject
to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect
of such increase is anti-dilutive.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_zoYFxBltRNK" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#x2019;s
common stockholders consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zeGvJ76SCEu3" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230201__20230430_zxETewk6LHyh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220201__20220430_zuKJcxlTeu4g" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220801__20230430_zqHRsZTYnVZj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220430_zRUYvDa4CYpe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pn3n3_zYfVqUFq8tI3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Basic
    weighted-average number of shares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,518&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,901&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,544&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,706&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Effect
    of dilutive securities:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements_pn3n3_zR7pznBRZRRe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Stock
    options&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;301&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;575&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_pn3n3_zXjLi7WMx1X4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Non-vested
    restricted Class B common stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;87&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;36&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;174&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pn3n3_ziM6PtKEHg9c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Diluted
    weighted-average number of shares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,612&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;26,205&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,589&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;26,455&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A4_zGFwxayfb5lg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;There
were &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20230201__20230430_zHG1DgMBQOU4" title="Anti-dilutive earnings per share"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20220801__20230430_zg9K7YHIlg1" title="Anti-dilutive earnings per share"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20220201__20220430_zGKD0Evepb59" title="Anti-dilutive earnings per share"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20210801__20220430_z7KLIqHi0YHi" title="Anti-dilutive earnings per share"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
shares or options excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 and
2022.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_zoYFxBltRNK" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#x2019;s
common stockholders consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zeGvJ76SCEu3" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230201__20230430_zxETewk6LHyh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220201__20220430_zuKJcxlTeu4g" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220801__20230430_zqHRsZTYnVZj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220430_zRUYvDa4CYpe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pn3n3_zYfVqUFq8tI3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Basic
    weighted-average number of shares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,518&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,901&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,544&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,706&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Effect
    of dilutive securities:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements_pn3n3_zR7pznBRZRRe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Stock
    options&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;301&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;575&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_pn3n3_zXjLi7WMx1X4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Non-vested
    restricted Class B common stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;87&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;36&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;174&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pn3n3_ziM6PtKEHg9c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Diluted
    weighted-average number of shares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,612&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;26,205&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;25,589&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;26,455&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="Shares">25518000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="Shares">25901000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="Shares">25544000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="Shares">25706000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="Shares">7000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements>
    <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="Shares">301000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements>
    <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="Shares">9000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements>
    <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="Shares">575000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToShareBasedPaymentArrangements>
    <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="Shares">87000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends>
    <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="Shares">3000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends>
    <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="Shares">36000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends>
    <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="Shares">174000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="Shares">25612000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="Shares">26205000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="Shares">25589000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="Shares">26455000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
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      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">0</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
    <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">0</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
    <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">0</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
    <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Shares">0</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
    <us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock_z5OVGfEfU2Bg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
15&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_820_zP9rTs2mq0v9"&gt;Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_zuNLOlLWQ1k6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BD_zX8CQU4Wt2Ni" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Unrealized
                                            Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Foreign
                                            Currency Translation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Accumulated
                                            Other Comprehensive Loss&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Balance,
    July 31, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zIyQK66SbDdb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(546&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zH0xw3iIoRie" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(10,759&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zEVaXmHAuVJk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(11,305&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Other
    comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zIAM8r1ZDXFk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;81&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zYFXdI2FE0w" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(3,251&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zlnWOFKF1Rjc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(3,170&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Balance, April 30,
    2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zhUstnR38OJ9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(465&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zIiwTg9RVu4d" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(14,010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zHyFVIGmKrz1" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(14,475&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_zeNWnpCsDV5b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_zuNLOlLWQ1k6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BD_zX8CQU4Wt2Ni" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Unrealized
                                            Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Foreign
                                            Currency Translation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Accumulated
                                            Other Comprehensive Loss&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Balance,
    July 31, 2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zIyQK66SbDdb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(546&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zH0xw3iIoRie" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(10,759&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zEVaXmHAuVJk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 13%; text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(11,305&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Other
    comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zIAM8r1ZDXFk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;81&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zYFXdI2FE0w" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(3,251&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zlnWOFKF1Rjc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(3,170&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Balance, April 30,
    2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zhUstnR38OJ9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(465&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zIiwTg9RVu4d" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(14,010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230430_zHyFVIGmKrz1" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(14,475&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock>
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      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember"
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      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember"
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      unitRef="USD">-10759000</us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">-11305000</us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">81000</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-04-30_us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember"
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember"
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      unitRef="USD">-465000</us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember"
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    <us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">-14475000</us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax>
    <us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_zKs1GcK5r0Qk" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
16&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_821_zYaF5bykKT5a"&gt;Commitments and Contingencies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;i&gt;COVID-19&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
May 2023, the World Health Organization declared an end to COVID-19 as a public health emergency. As of the date of this Quarterly Report,
the Company continues to monitor the situation. The Company cannot predict with certainty the potential impact of COVID-19 if it re-invigorates
on the Company&#x2019;s results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Legal
Proceedings&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
July 5, 2017, plaintiff JDS1, LLC, on behalf of itself and all other similarly situated stockholders of Straight Path, and
derivatively on behalf of Straight Path as nominal defendant, filed a putative class action and derivative complaint in the Court of
Chancery of the State of Delaware against the Company, The Patrick Henry Trust (a trust formed by Howard S. Jonas that held record
and beneficial ownership of certain shares of Straight Path he formerly held), Howard S. Jonas, and each of Straight Path&#x2019;s
directors. The complaint alleges that the Company aided and abetted Straight Path Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Davidi Jonas, and Howard S. Jonas in his capacity as controlling stockholder of Straight Path, in breaching their fiduciary duties
to Straight Path in connection with the settlement of claims between Straight Path and the Company related to potential
indemnification claims concerning Straight Path&#x2019;s obligations under the Consent Decree it entered into with the Federal
Communications Commission (&#x201c;FCC&#x201d;), as well as the sale of Straight Path&#x2019;s subsidiary Straight Path IP Group, Inc.
to the Company in connection with that settlement. That action was consolidated with a similar action that was initiated by The
Arbitrage Fund. The Plaintiffs are seeking, among other things, (i) a declaration that the action may be maintained as a class
action or in the alternative, that demand on the Straight Path Board is excused; (ii) that the term sheet is invalid; (iii) awarding
damages for the unfair price stockholders received in the merger between Straight Path and Verizon Communications Inc. for their
shares of Straight Path&#x2019;s Class B common stock; and (iv) ordering Howard S. Jonas, Davidi Jonas, and the Company to disgorge
any profits for the benefit of the class Plaintiffs. On August 28, 2017, the Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. On September 24,
2017, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint, which was ultimately denied, and which denial was affirmed by the
Delaware Supreme Court. On February 17, 2022, the court denied the Company&#x2019;s motion for summary judgment. On March 10, 2022,
JDS1, LLC withdrew its application to serve as class representative and lead plaintiff. On May 16, 2022, the court denied The
Arbitrage Fund&#x2019;s motion to serve as class representative and lead plaintiff, and approved intervenor Ardell Howard&#x2019;s
motion to serve as class representative. The trial commenced on August 29, 2022 for a period of five days, followed by another
five-day period in December 2022. The court held closing arguments on May 3, 2023. The Company is vigorously defending this matter
(see Note 10). At this stage, the Company is unable to estimate its potential liability, if any.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
addition to the foregoing, the Company is subject to other legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and
have not been finally adjudicated. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, the Company believes that none of the other legal
proceedings to which the Company is a party will have a material adverse effect on the Company&#x2019;s results of operations, cash flows
or financial condition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Sales
Tax Contingency&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require
a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in
the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that the Company has
liability for periods for which it has not collected sales, use or other similar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful
it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#x2019;s business, financial position, and operating results. One or more jurisdictions
may change their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to the Company&#x2019;s operations, and if such changes
were made it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#x2019;s business, financial position, and operating results.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Regulatory
Fees Audit&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
The Company&#x2019;s 2017 FCC Form 499-A, which reports its calendar year 2016 revenue, was audited by the Universal Service Administrative
Company (&#x201c;USAC&#x201d;). The Internal Audit Division of USAC issued preliminary audit findings and the Company, in accordance with
USAC&#x2019;s audit procedures, appealed certain of the findings. USAC issued a final decision, and the final decision overturned one
of the initial findings but left the remaining initial findings in place. The reversal will result in the elimination of a $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_iI_pn5n6_c20230430__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--UniversalServiceFundMember_zvpxW6rXb6Ff" title="Loss contingency, estimate of possible loss"&gt;1.8&lt;/span&gt; million
charge by the Universal Service Fund. The final decision upheld the imposition of a $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_iI_pn5n6_c20210731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_zX56YPvrJgVl" title="Accrued liabilities"&gt;2.9&lt;/span&gt; million charge to the Federal Telecommunications
Fund. The Company intends to appeal the USAC&#x2019;s final decision to the FCC and does not intend to remit payment for the Federal Telecommunications
Fund fees unless and until a negative decision on its appeal has been issued. In response to the aforementioned preliminary audit findings,
the Company made certain changes to its filing policies and procedures for years that remain potentially under audit. At April 30, 2023
and July 31, 2022, the Company&#x2019;s accrued expenses included $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_zGWs1RXxBZLg" title="Accrued liabilities"&gt;29.1&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20220731_zup79PT43puf" title="Accrued liabilities"&gt;33.2&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, for FCC-related regulatory
fees for the year covered by the audit, as well as prior and subsequent years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Purchase
Commitments&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
April 30, 2023, the Company had purchase commitments of $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PurchaseObligation_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_z01rd7M7fdcb" title="Purchase obligation"&gt;7.9&lt;/span&gt; million primarily for equipment and services.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Performance
Bonds&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has performance bonds issued through third parties for the benefit of various states in order to comply with the states&#x2019;
financial requirements for money remittance licenses and telecommunications resellers. At April 30, 2023, the Company had aggregate performance
bonds of $&lt;span id="xdx_900_ecustom--PerformanceBondsOutstanding_iI_pn5n6_c20230430_zdbdTZN8h7cd" title="Performance bonds outstanding"&gt;25.8&lt;/span&gt; million outstanding.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30_custom_UniversalServiceFundMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">1800000</us-gaap:LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss>
    <us-gaap:LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31_custom_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">2900000</us-gaap:LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss>
    <us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-5" unitRef="USD">29100000</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" decimals="-5" unitRef="USD">33200000</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:PurchaseObligation contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-5" unitRef="USD">7900000</us-gaap:PurchaseObligation>
    <IDT:PerformanceBondsOutstanding contextRef="AsOf2023-04-30" decimals="-5" unitRef="USD">25800000</IDT:PerformanceBondsOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock_zsWCVBErSKc7" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
17&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_821_zDXHVIqTd2Zk"&gt;Other Expense, Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock_zuFuZ7wApdWa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
expense, net consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zkTrsRQlC8ve" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 85%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230201__20230430_z1jt7qXKash2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20220201__20220430_zgIHTcD79jE7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20220801__20230430_zzln4ZZDwzBj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20210801__20220430_zOrcd9rIvxw4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                             &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;

 &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;

&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zzc09iAuB1Zf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Foreign
    currency transaction gains (losses)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;893&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(857&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2,344&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(259&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zDYf64v52ejd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Equity
    in net loss of investee&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(768&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(765&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(2,143&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(2,208&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zBYhWT5lXZAj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Losses
    on investments, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(480&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(3,416&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(2,649&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(20,862&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--OtherIncome_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zFM0MX5QhK4b" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(27&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(162&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(905&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_iT_pn3n3_mtNIEzeRA_zWNp9xmLa8zb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total
    other expense, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(382&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(5,068&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(2,610&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(24,234&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p id="xdx_8A2_zNLKN0doTJSj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;

</us-gaap:OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock_zuFuZ7wApdWa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
expense, net consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zkTrsRQlC8ve" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 85%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230201__20230430_z1jt7qXKash2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20220201__20220430_zgIHTcD79jE7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20220801__20230430_zzln4ZZDwzBj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20210801__20220430_zOrcd9rIvxw4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                             &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;

 &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;

&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nine
                                            Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;April
                                            30,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2022&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in
    thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zzc09iAuB1Zf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Foreign
    currency transaction gains (losses)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;893&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(857&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2,344&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(259&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zDYf64v52ejd" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Equity
    in net loss of investee&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(768&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(765&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(2,143&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(2,208&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zBYhWT5lXZAj" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Losses
    on investments, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(480&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(3,416&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(2,649&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(20,862&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--OtherIncome_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zFM0MX5QhK4b" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Other&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(27&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(162&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(905&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_iT_pn3n3_mtNIEzeRA_zWNp9xmLa8zb" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total
    other expense, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(382&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(5,068&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(2,610&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(24,234&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


</us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">893000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-857000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">2344000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-259000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-768000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-765000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-2143000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-2208000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-480000</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-3416000</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-2649000</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-20862000</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:OtherIncome
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-27000</us-gaap:OtherIncome>
    <us-gaap:OtherIncome
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-30000</us-gaap:OtherIncome>
    <us-gaap:OtherIncome
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-162000</us-gaap:OtherIncome>
    <us-gaap:OtherIncome
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-905000</us-gaap:OtherIncome>
    <us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense
      contextRef="From2023-02-012023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-382000</us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense>
    <us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense
      contextRef="From2022-02-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-5068000</us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense>
    <us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-2610000</us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense>
    <us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-04-30"
      decimals="-3"
      unitRef="USD">-24234000</us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_z96xR5N8zg03" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Note
18&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_820_zH4SLMYVrMH8"&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
April 30, 2023, the Company&#x2019;s best estimate of the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for fiscal 2023 was &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_pid_dp_uPure_c20220801__20230430_zXnTw4Xwmhl2"&gt;28.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%
compared to &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_pid_dp_uPure_c20210801__20220731_zMa4NIVDrAG6"&gt;16.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%
at July 31, 2022. The changes in the estimated effective tax rate were mainly due to stock-based compensation and differences in the
amount of taxable income earned in the various taxing jurisdictions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"/&gt;

</us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations
      contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.287</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations>
    <us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="INF"
      unitRef="Pure">0.169</us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations>
    <us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--DefinedContributionPlanTextBlock_zvGT7WnaGOx7" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
19&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82C_zstPKJyozwTi"&gt;Defined Contribution Plan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company maintains a 401(k) Plan available to all employees meeting certain eligibility criteria. The plan permits participants to contribute
up to the maximum amount allowed by law. The plan provides for discretionary matching contributions that vest over the first five years
of employment. The plan permits the discretionary matching contributions to be granted as of December 31 of each year. All contributions
made by participants vest immediately into the participant&#x2019;s account. In April 2023, the Company contributed cash of $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--DefinedContributionPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount_pn5n6_c20230401__20230430__us-gaap--RetirementPlanNameAxis__custom--FourHundreadAndOnekPlanMember_zDmVcKaD49Nl"&gt;1.1&lt;/span&gt; million
to the Company&#x2019;s 401(k) Plan for matching contributions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount
      contextRef="From2023-04-012023-04-30_custom_FourHundreadAndOnekPlanMember"
      decimals="-5"
      unitRef="USD">1100000</us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanEmployerDiscretionaryContributionAmount>
    <us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsAndChangesInAccountingPrinciplesTextBlock contextRef="From2022-08-01to2023-04-30">&lt;p id="xdx_80B_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsAndChangesInAccountingPrinciplesTextBlock_zBrRPyg0WZX4" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note 20&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_821_zM1DqVfGIEAa"&gt;Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet
Adopted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
June 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#x201c;FASB&#x201d;), issued Accounting Standards Update (&#x201c;ASU&#x201d;) No.
2022-03, &lt;i&gt;Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,
&lt;/i&gt;that clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of
the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The ASU also requires specific disclosures related to
equity securities that are subject to contractual sales restrictions. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU prospectively
on August 1, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, &lt;i&gt;Financial Instruments&#x2014;Credit Losses (Topic 326)&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Measurement of Credit Losses
on Financial Instruments,&lt;/i&gt; that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For receivables,
loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking current expected credit loss model that generally
will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities
will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances instead of reductions
in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more information about allowances,
credit quality indicators, and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained
earnings. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2023. The Company does not expect the new standard to have a material
impact on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsAndChangesInAccountingPrinciplesTextBlock>
    <link:footnoteLink
      xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link"
      xlink:type="extended">
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact000254"
          xlink:label="Fact000254"
          xlink:type="locator"/>
        <link:footnote id="Footnote000356" xlink:label="Footnote000356" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation
    included in selling, general and administrative expenses</link:footnote>
        <link:footnoteArc
          xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/fact-footnote"
          xlink:from="Fact000254"
          xlink:to="Footnote000356"
          xlink:type="arc"/>
        <link:loc
          xlink:href="#Fact000255"
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<SEQUENCE>99
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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// Edgar(tm) Renderer was created by staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.  Data and content created by government employees within the scope of their employment are not subject to domestic copyright protection. 17 U.S.C. 105.
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<SEQUENCE>100
<FILENAME>report.css
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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/* Updated 2009-11-04 */
/* v2.2.0.24 */

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}

..report table.authRefData .body {
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..report table.authRefData table{
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/* Report Styles */
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}

/* table */
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..report hr {
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..report th.void	{
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..report .pl {
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/* Calendars... */
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
