<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001493152-23-037393.txt : 20231016
<SEC-HEADER>0001493152-23-037393.hdr.sgml : 20231016
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20231016172642
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001493152-23-037393
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-8
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		5
FILED AS OF DATE:		20231016
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20231016
EFFECTIVENESS DATE:		20231016

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			IDT CORP
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001005731
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS (NO RADIO TELEPHONE) [4813]
		IRS NUMBER:				223415036
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0731

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-8
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-275010
		FILM NUMBER:		231328043

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		520 BROAD ST
		CITY:			NEWARK
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07102
		BUSINESS PHONE:		973 438 1000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		520 BROAD STREET
		CITY:			NEWARK
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07102
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-8
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>forms-8.htm
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><B>As
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 16, 2023</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Registration
No. 333-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 0pt"><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 4pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>UNITED
STATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><B>Washington,
D.C. 20549</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>FORM
S-8</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">REGISTRATION
STATEMENT</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">UNDER</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><B>IDT
CORPORATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Delaware</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>22-3415036</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(State of Incorporation)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(I.R.S. Employer Identification
    No.)</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>520
Broad Street</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Newark,
New Jersey 07102</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(973)
438-1000</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Address
of Principal Executive Offices)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>IDT
Corporation 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, As Amended and Restated</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Full
Title of the Plan)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Shmuel
Jonas</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
Executive Officer</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>IDT
Corporation</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>520
Broad Street</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Newark,
New Jersey 07102</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(973)
438-1000</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Name,
Address and Telephone Number of Agent for Service)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Copies
to:</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Joyce
J. Mason, Esq.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>General
Counsel</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>IDT
Corporation</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>520
Broad Street</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Newark,
New Jersey 07102</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(973)
438-1000</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting
company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &ldquo;large accelerated filer,&rdquo; &ldquo;accelerated filer,&rdquo;
&ldquo;smaller reporting company,&rdquo; and &ldquo;emerging growth company&rdquo; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 20%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Large accelerated filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 25%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accelerated filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-accelerated filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller reporting company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging growth company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. &#9744;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PART
I</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SECTION
10(a) PROSPECTUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
documents containing the information specified in Part I of Form S-8 will be sent or given to participants in the IDT Corporation 2015
Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as Amended and Restated, as specified by Rule 428(b)(1) promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the &ldquo;Commission&rdquo;) under the Securities Act. Such documents are not filed with the Commission, either as part of this Registration
Statement or as prospectuses or prospectus supplements pursuant to Rule 424 (&sect;230.424). These documents and the documents incorporated
by reference in the registration statement pursuant to Item 3 of Part II of this Form, taken together, constitute a prospectus that meets
the requirements of Section 10(a) of the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PART
II</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>INFORMATION
REQUIRED IN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
3. Incorporation of Documents by Reference.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following documents previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;Commission&rdquo;) by the Registrant, pursuant
to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;), are incorporated by reference in this Registration
Statement:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Registrant&rsquo;s
    Annual Report on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1005731/000149315223037384/form10-k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form 10-K</A> for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023, filed with the Commission on October 16, 2023;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Registrant&rsquo;s
    Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1005731/000149315223035171/form8-k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">October 3, 2023</A> and <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1005731/000149315223037053/form8-k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">October 12, 2023</A>; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The description of the
    Class B common stock, par value $.01 per share (the &ldquo;Class B Common Stock&rdquo;), of the Registrant set forth as Item 1 under
    the caption &ldquo;Description of Securities&rdquo; in the Registrant&rsquo;s Registration Statement on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1005731/000089183601500056/sc0026.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form 8-A</A>, filed with the
    Commission on May 4, 2001 pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose
    of updating such information, <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">including <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1005731/000121390020044095/f10k2020a1ex4-2_idtcorp.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Exhibit 4.2</A> to our 2020 Form 10-K</FONT>.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
documents subsequently filed by the Registrant with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act
after the date of this Registration Statement and prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement which
indicates that all securities offered hereby have been sold or which deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, shall be deemed
to be incorporated by reference herein and to be a part hereof from the respective dates of filing of such documents (such documents,
and the documents enumerated above, being hereinafter referred to as &ldquo;Incorporated Documents&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
statement contained in an Incorporated Document shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this Registration Statement
to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed Incorporated Document modifies or supersedes such
statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part
of this Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
4. Description of Securities.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
5. Interests of Named Experts and Counsel.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain
legal matters with respect to the Class B Common Stock have been passed on by Joyce J. Mason, Esq. Ms. Mason is Executive Vice President,
Corporate Secretary and General Counsel of the Registrant and is the beneficial owner of 55,379 shares of Class B Common Stock, consisting
of (a) 36,198 shares of Class B Common Stock held directly, (b) 4,655 shares of Class B Common Stock held by Ms. Mason in her 401(k)
plan account as of August 31, 2023, (c) 1,396 shares of Class B Common Stock purchased through the Company&rsquo;s Employee Stock Purchase
Program, and (d) 13,130 shares of Class B Common Stock owned by Ms. Mason&rsquo;s husband. In addition, Ms. Mason directly holds 3,600
deferred stock units (each, a &ldquo;DSU&rdquo;). <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Each DSU is the right to receive between 1/2
of a share and 2 shares of the Company&rsquo;s Class B common stock. Vesting is 2,400 in February 2024 and 1,200 in February 2025. The
number of shares that will actually vest for each DSU depends on the market price for the Class B common stock as of the relevant vesting
date. 1/2 of a share will be issued for each DSU if the market price on the vesting date is less than $12.705 (50% of the grant date
value of a share of Class B common stock) and 2 shares will be issued for each DSU if the market price on the vesting date is $50.82
(200% of the grant date value) or greater, with a proportionate amount to vest based on thresholds of 62.5%, 75%, 87.5%, 100%, 112.5%,
125%, 137.5%, 150%, 162.5% and 175% of the grant date value. Upon vesting in full, Ms. Jonas will be entitled to receive between 1,800
and 7,200 shares of Class B common stock. </FONT>Ms. Mason is the sister of Howard Jonas, Chairman of the Board and Chairman of the Registrant,
aunt of Shmuel Jonas, Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant, and the aunt of Liora Stein, a director of the Registrant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
6. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Registrant&rsquo;s Certificate of Incorporation provides that, to the extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law (&ldquo;DGCL&rdquo;),
directors of the Registrant shall not be personally liable to the Registrant or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary
duty as a director. Section 102(7) of the DGCL, however, states that such a provision may not eliminate or limit the liability of a director
(i) for any breach of the director&rsquo;s duty of loyalty to the Registrant or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good
faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the DGCL, relating to unlawful
dividends, distributions or the repurchase or redemption of stock or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derives an improper
personal benefit.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Registrant&rsquo;s By-Laws provide that the Registrant shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL,
any person against expenses (including attorney&rsquo;s fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement, actually and reasonably
incurred in connection with any threatened, pending or completed legal proceedings in which such person is involved by reason of the
fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Registrant (or serving in any such capacity with another business
organization at the request of the Registrant) if he acted in good faith and in a manner that he reasonably believed to be in or not
opposed to the best interests of the Registrant, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, if he had no reasonable cause
to believe that his conduct was unlawful. If the legal proceeding, however, is by or in the right of the Registrant, such director, officer,
employee or agent may not be indemnified in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which he shall have been adjudged to be liable
to the Registrant unless a court determines otherwise.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
7. Exemption from Registration Claimed.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
8. Exhibits.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
    No.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Description</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*4.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ex4-1.htm">IDT Corporation 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as Amended and Restated</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*5.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ex5-1.htm">Legal Opinion of Joyce J. Mason, Esq.</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ex5-1.htm">Consent of Joyce J. Mason, Esq. (included in Exhibit 5.1 hereto).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*23.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ex23-2.htm">Consent of Grant Thornton, LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a_001">Power of Attorney (included in the Signature Pages to this Registration Statement).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">*107</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="ex107.htm">Filing Fee Table</A></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filed herewith</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B></B></FONT></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Item
9. Undertakings.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The undersigned Registrant
    hereby undertakes:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To file, during any period
    in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To include any prospectus
    required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To reflect in the prospectus
    any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof)
    which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement.
    Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in the volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities
    offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering
    range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in
    the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price
    set forth in the &ldquo;Calculation of Registration Fee&rdquo; table in the effective Registration Statement; and</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To include any material
    information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change
    to such information in the Registration Statement.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 79.55pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">provided,
however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) will not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment
by those paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Securities Exchange Commission by the Registrant
pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 73.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">That, for the purpose of
    determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration
    statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the
    initial bona fide offering thereof.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To remove from registration
    by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The undersigned Registrant
    hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the Registrant&rsquo;s
    annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee
    benefit plan&rsquo;s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference
    in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and
    the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Insofar as indemnification
    for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant
    pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange
    Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In
    the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred
    or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding)
    is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will,
    unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction
    the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed
    by the final adjudication of such issue.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Registrant undertakes
    that it will submit the Plan and any amendment thereto to the Internal Revenue Service (&ldquo;IRS&rdquo;) in a timely manner and
    will make all changes required by the IRS in order to qualify the Plan.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SIGNATURES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that
it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-8 and has duly caused this Form S-8 Registration Statement to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Newark, State of New Jersey, on October 16, 2023.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT CORPORATION</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/ Shmuel
    Jonas</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shmuel Jonas</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A NAME="a_001"></A>The
undersigned directors and officers hereby constitute and appoint Shmuel Jonas and Marcelo Fischer, and each of them, with full power
to act without the other and with full power of substitution and resubstitution, our true and lawful attorneys-in-fact with full power
to execute in our name in the capacities indicated any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration
Statement and to sign any and all additional registration statements relating to the same offering of securities as this Form S-8 that
are filed pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents
in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission and hereby ratify and confirm that all such attorneys-in fact, or
either of them, or their substitutes shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Form S-8 Registration Statement has been signed by the following
persons in the capacities indicated and on the date indicated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 30%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Signature</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 42%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Titles</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/ Shmuel
    Jonas</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer
    (Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
    16, 2023</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Shmuel Jonas</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/ Howard
    S. Jonas</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chairman of the Board
    and Chairman</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
    16, 2023</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Howard S. Jonas</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/ Marcelo
    Fischer</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer
    (Principal Financial Officer)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
    16, 2023</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Marcelo Fischer</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/ Mitch
    Silberman</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Accounting Officer
    and Controller</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
    16, 2023</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Mitch Silberman</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Principal Accounting Officer)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/ Liora
    Stein</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
    16, 2023</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Liora Stein</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/ Michael
    Chenkin</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
    16, 2023</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Michael Chenkin</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/ Eric
    F. Cosentino</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
    16, 2023</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Eric F. Cosentino</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/ Judah
    Schorr</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
    16, 2023</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Judah Schorr</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>EXHIBIT
INDEX</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
    No.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.1in; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Description</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*4.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ex4-1.htm">IDT Corporation 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as Amended and Restated</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*5.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ex5-1.htm">Legal Opinion of Joyce J. Mason, Esq.</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ex5-1.htm">Consent of Joyce J. Mason, Esq. (included in Exhibit 5.1 hereto).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*23.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="ex23-2.htm">Consent of Grant Thornton, LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a_001">Power of Attorney (included in the Signature Pages to this Registration Statement).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">*107</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="ex107.htm">Filing Fee Table</A></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filed herewith</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 24.45pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>


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<TYPE>EX-4.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>ex4-1.htm
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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
4.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2015
STOCK OPTION AND INCENTIVE PLAN</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal"><I>Effective
January 1, 2015 to September 16, 2024</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal"><I>(Amended
and Restated on October 11, 2023)</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.
Purpose; Types of Awards; Construction.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
purpose of the IDT Corporation 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the &ldquo;Plan&rdquo;) is to provide incentives to officers, employees,
directors and consultants of IDT Corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), or any subsidiary of the Company which now exists or hereafter
is organized or acquired by the Company, to acquire a proprietary interest in the Company, to continue as officers, employees, directors
or consultants, to increase their efforts on behalf of the Company and to promote the success of the Company&rsquo;s business. The provisions
of the Plan are intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and shall be
interpreted in a manner consistent with the requirements thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.
Definitions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
used in this Plan, the following words and phrases shall have the meanings indicated:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
&ldquo;Agreement&rdquo; shall mean a written agreement entered into between the Company and a Grantee in connection with an award under
the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
&ldquo;Board&rdquo; shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
&ldquo;Change in Control&rdquo; means a change in ownership or control of the Company effected through</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
any &ldquo;person,&rdquo; as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act (other than (A) the Company, (B) any trustee
or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company, (C) any corporation or other entity owned, directly
or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of common stock, or (D) directly
or directly by: (i) any person who, immediately prior to the Initial Public Offering, owned more than 25% of the combined voting power
of the Company&rsquo;s then outstanding voting securities, (ii) one or more trusts <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">solely for the
benefit of such person and/or any Family Member(s) of such person</FONT> or (iii) one or more entities that are directly or indirectly
controlled by such person or and/or any Family Member(s) of such person or (E) as otherwise reasonably determined by the Committee),
is or becomes the &ldquo;beneficial owner&rdquo; (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities
of the Company (not including in the securities beneficially owned by such person any securities issued or sold directly by the Company
or any of its affiliates other than in connection with the acquisition by the Company or its affiliates of a business) representing 25%
or more of the combined voting power of the Company&rsquo;s then outstanding voting securities.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
&ldquo;Class B Common Stock&rdquo; shall mean shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $.01 per share, of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)
&ldquo;Code&rdquo; shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)
&ldquo;Committee&rdquo; shall mean the Compensation Committee of the Board or such other committee as the Board may designate from time
to time to administer the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)
&ldquo;Company&rdquo; shall mean IDT Corporation, a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware, or any successor
corporation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)
&ldquo;Continuous Service&rdquo; means that the provision of services to the Company or a Related Entity in any capacity of officer,
employee, director or consultant is not interrupted or terminated. Continuous Service shall not be considered interrupted in the case
of (i) any approved leave of absence, (ii) transfers between locations of the Company or among the Company, any Related Entity or any
successor in any capacity of officer, employee, director or consultant, or (iii) any change in status as long as the individual remains
in the service of the Company or a Related Entity in any capacity of officer, employee, director or consultant (except as otherwise provided
in the applicable Agreement). An approved leave of absence shall include, without limitation, sick leave, temporary disability, maternity
leave, military leave (including, without limitation, service in the National Guard or the Army Reserves) or any other personal leave
approved by the Committee. For purposes of Incentive Stock Options, no such leave may exceed ninety (90) days unless reemployment upon
expiration of such leave is guaranteed by statute or contract.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
&ldquo;Corporate Transaction&rdquo; means any of the following transactions:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation or other entity, other than (A) a merger or consolidation which would
result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding
or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving or parent entity) 80% or more of the combined voting power of the voting
securities of the Company or such surviving or parent entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation or (B) a merger
or consolidation effected to implement a recapitalization of the Company (or similar transaction) in which no &ldquo;person&rdquo; (as
defined in the Exchange Act) acquired 25% or more of the combined voting power of the Company&rsquo;s then outstanding securities; or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)
a plan of complete liquidation of the Company or an agreement for the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all
of its assets (or any transaction having a similar effect).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)
&ldquo;Deferred Stock Units&rdquo; mean a Grantee&rsquo;s rights to receive shares of Class B Common Stock on a deferred basis, subject
to such restrictions, forfeiture provisions and other terms and conditions as shall be determined by the Committee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)
&ldquo;Disability&rdquo; shall mean a Grantee&rsquo;s inability to perform his or her duties with the Company or any of its affiliates
by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment, as determined by a physician selected by the Grantee and acceptable
to the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(l)
&ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo; shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(m)
&ldquo;Family Member&rdquo; shall mean any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, former spouse, sibling,
niece, nephew, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law (including adoptive relationships),
any person sharing the household (other than a tenant or employee), a trust in which these persons have more than 50% of the beneficial
interest, a foundation in which these persons control the management of assets, and any other entity in which these persons own more
than 50% of the voting interests.&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(n)
&ldquo;Fair Market Value&rdquo; per share as of a particular date shall mean (i) the closing sale price per share of Class B Common Stock
on the national securities exchange on which the Class B Common Stock is principally traded for the last preceding date on which there
was a sale of such Class B Common Stock on such exchange, or (ii) if the shares of Class B Common Stock are then traded in an over-the-counter
market, the average of the high and low trades for the shares of Class B Common Stock in such over-the-counter market for the last preceding
date on which there was a sale of such Class B Common Stock in such market, or (iii) if the shares of Class B Common Stock are not then
listed on a national securities exchange or traded in an over-the-counter market, such value as the Committee, in its sole discretion,
shall determine.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(o)
&ldquo;Grantee&rdquo; shall mean a person who receives a grant of Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Limited Rights, Deferred Stock
Units or Restricted Stock under the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(p)
&ldquo;Incentive Stock Option&rdquo; shall mean any option intended to be, and designated as, an incentive stock option within the meaning
of Section 422 of the Code.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(q)
&ldquo;Insider&rdquo; shall mean a Grantee who is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(r)
&ldquo;Insider Trading Policy&rdquo; shall mean the Insider Trading Policy of the Company, as may be amended from time to time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(s)
&ldquo;Limited Right&rdquo; shall mean a limited stock appreciation right granted pursuant to Section 10 of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(t)
&ldquo;Non-Employee Director&rdquo; means a member of the Board or the board of directors of any Subsidiary (other than a Subsidiary
that has either (A) a class of &ldquo;equity securities&rdquo; (as defined in Rule 3a11-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act) registered
under the Exchange Act or a similar foreign statute or (B) adopted any stock option plan, equity compensation plan or similar employee
benefit plan in which non-employee directors of such Subsidiary are eligible to participate), in each of clause (A) and (B), who is not
an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(u)
&ldquo;Non-Employee Director Annual Grant&rdquo; shall mean an award of shares of Restricted Stock equal to $50,000 based on the average
of the high and the low stock price on the business day prior to the Non-Employee Director Grant Date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)
&ldquo;Non-Employee Director Grant Date&rdquo; shall mean January 5 of the applicable year (or the following business day if January
5 is not a business day), or, in the case of a new Non-Employee Director joining the Board, shall mean the date of appointment as a member
of the Board.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(w)
&ldquo;Nonqualified Stock Option&rdquo; shall mean any option not designated as an Incentive Stock Option.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(x)
&ldquo;Option&rdquo; or &ldquo;Options&rdquo; shall mean a grant to a Grantee of an option or options to purchase shares of Class B Common
Stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(y)
&ldquo;Option Agreement&rdquo; shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6 of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(z)
&ldquo;Option Price&rdquo; shall mean the exercise price of the shares of Class B Common Stock covered by an Option.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(aa)
&ldquo;Parent&rdquo; shall mean any company (other than the Company) in an unbroken chain of companies ending with the Company if, at
the time of granting an award under the Plan, each of the companies other than the Company owns stock possessing fifty percent (50%)
or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other companies in such chain.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(bb)
&ldquo;Plan&rdquo; means this IDT Corporation 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as amended or restated from time to time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(cc)
&ldquo;Related Entity&rdquo; means any Parent, Subsidiary or any business, corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other
entity in which the Company, a Parent or a Subsidiary holds a substantial ownership interest, directly or indirectly.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(dd)
&ldquo;Related Entity Disposition&rdquo; means the sale, distribution or other disposition by the Company of all or substantially all
of the Company&rsquo;s interest in any Related Entity effected by a sale, merger or consolidation or other transaction involving such
Related Entity or the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of such Related Entity.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ee)
&ldquo;Restricted Period&rdquo; shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(b) of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ff)
&ldquo;Restricted Stock&rdquo; means shares of Class B Common Stock issued under the Plan to a Grantee for such consideration, if any,
and subject to such restrictions on transfer, rights of refusal, repurchase provisions, forfeiture provisions and other terms and conditions
as shall be determined by the Committee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(gg)
&ldquo;Retirement&rdquo; shall mean a Grantee&rsquo;s retirement in accordance with the terms of any tax-qualified retirement plan maintained
by the Company or any of its affiliates in which the Grantee participates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(hh)
&ldquo;Rule 16b-3&rdquo; shall mean Rule 16b-3, as from time to time in effect, promulgated under the Exchange Act, including any successor
to such Rule.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)
&ldquo;Stock Appreciation Right&rdquo; shall mean the right, granted to a Grantee under Section 9 of the Plan, to be paid an amount measured
by the appreciation in the Fair Market Value of a share of Class B Common Stock from the date of grant to the date of exercise of the
right, with payment to be made in cash or Class B Common Stock as applicable, as specified in the award or determined by the Committee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(jj)
&ldquo;Subsidiary&rdquo; shall mean any company (other than the Company) in an unbroken chain of companies beginning with the Company
if each of the companies other than the last company in the unbroken chain owns stock possessing fifty percent (50%) or more of the total
combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other companies in such chain.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(kk)
&ldquo;Tax Event&rdquo; shall have the meaning set forth in Section 17 of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ll)
&ldquo;Ten Percent Stockholder&rdquo; shall mean a Grantee who at the time an Incentive Stock Option is granted, owns stock possessing
more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.
Administration.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
The Plan shall be administered by the Committee, the members of which may be composed of &ldquo;non-employee directors&rdquo; under Rule
16b-3.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
The Committee shall have the authority in its discretion, subject to and not inconsistent with the express provisions of the Plan, to
administer the Plan and to exercise all the powers and authorities either specifically granted to it under the Plan or necessary or advisable
in the administration of the Plan, including, without limitation, the authority to grant Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Limited
Rights, Deferred Stock Units and Restricted Stock; to determine which Options shall constitute Incentive Stock Options and which Options
shall constitute Nonqualified Stock Options; to determine which Options (if any) shall be accompanied by Limited Rights; to determine
the Option Price for each Option; to determine the persons to whom, and the time or times at which awards shall be granted; to determine
the number of shares to be covered by each award; to interpret the Plan and any award under the Plan; to reconcile any inconsistent terms
in the Plan or any award under the Plan; to prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan; to determine the
terms and provisions of the Agreements (which need not be identical) and to cancel or suspend awards, as necessary; and to make all other
determinations deemed necessary or advisable for the administration of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
All decisions, determination and interpretations of the Committee shall be final and binding on all Grantees of any awards under this
Plan. No member of the Board or Committee shall be liable for any action taken or determination made in good faith with respect to the
Plan or any award granted hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
The Committee may delegate to one or more executive officers of the Company the authority to (i) grant awards under the Plan to employees
of the Company and its Subsidiaries who are not executive officers or a member of the Board, (ii) execute and deliver documents or take
such other ministerial actions on behalf of the Committee with respect to awards and (iii) to make interpretations of the Plan. The grant
of authority in this Section 3(d) shall be subject to such conditions and limitations as may be determined by the Committee. If the Committee
delegates authority to any such executive officer or executive officers of the Company pursuant to this Section 3(d), and such executive
officer or executive officers grant awards pursuant to such delegated authority, references in this Plan to the &ldquo;Committee&rdquo;
as they relate to such awards shall be deemed to refer to such executive officer or executive officers, as applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.
Eligibility.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Awards
may be granted to officers, employees, members of the Board and consultants of the Company or of any Subsidiary. In addition to any other
awards granted to Non-Employee Directors hereunder, awards shall be granted to Non-Employee Directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Plan.
In determining the persons to whom awards shall be granted and the number of shares to be covered by each award, the Committee shall
take into account the duties of the respective persons, their present and potential contributions to the success of the Company and such
other factors as the Committee shall deem relevant in connection with accomplishing the purposes of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.
Stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
The maximum number of shares of Class B Common Stock reserved for the grant of awards under the Plan shall be 2,030,000, all of which
may be granted as Incentive Stock Options, subject to adjustment as provided in Section 12 of the Plan. Such shares may, in whole or
in part, be authorized but unissued shares or shares that shall have been or may be reacquired by the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
If any outstanding award under the Plan should, for any reason expire, be canceled or be forfeited (other than in connection with the
exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right or a Limited Right), without having been exercised in full, the shares of Class B Common Stock
allocable to the unexercised, canceled or terminated portion of such award shall (unless the Plan shall have been terminated) become
available for subsequent grants of awards under the Plan, unless otherwise determined by the Committee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.
Terms and Conditions of Options.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
OPTION AGREEMENT. Each Option granted pursuant to the Plan shall be evidenced by a written agreement between the Company and the Grantee
(the &ldquo;Option Agreement&rdquo;), in such form and containing such terms and conditions as the Committee shall from time to time
approve, which Option Agreement shall comply with and be subject to the following terms and conditions, unless otherwise specifically
provided in such Option Agreement. For purposes of interpreting this Section 6, a director&rsquo;s service as a member of the Board or
a consultant&rsquo;s service shall be deemed to be employment with the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
NUMBER OF SHARES. Each Option Agreement shall state the number of shares of Class B Common Stock to which the Option relates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
TYPE OF OPTION. Each Option Agreement shall specifically state that the Option constitutes an Incentive Stock Option or a Nonqualified
Stock Option. In the absence of such designation, the Option will be deemed to be a Nonqualified Stock Option.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
OPTION PRICE. Each Option Agreement shall state the Option Price, which, in the case of an Incentive Stock Option, shall not be less
than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value of the shares of Class B Common Stock covered by the Option on the date of grant.
The Option Price shall be subject to adjustment as provided in Section 12 of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)
MEDIUM AND TIME OF PAYMENT. The Option Price shall be paid in full, at the time of exercise, in cash or in shares of Class B Common Stock
having a Fair Market Value equal to such Option Price or in a combination of cash and Class B Common Stock including a cashless exercise
procedure through a broker-dealer; provided, however, that in the case of an Incentive Stock Option, the medium of payment shall be determined
at the time of grant and set forth in the applicable Option Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)
TERM AND EXERCISABILITY OF OPTIONS. Each Option Agreement shall provide the exercisability schedule for the Option as determined by the
Committee, provided, that, the Committee shall have the authority to accelerate the exercisability of any outstanding Option at such
time and under such circumstances as it, in its sole discretion, deems appropriate. The exercise period will be ten (10) years from the
date of the grant of the Option unless otherwise determined by the Committee; provided, however, that in the case of an Incentive Stock
Option, such exercise period shall not exceed ten (10) years from the date of grant of such Option. The exercise period shall be subject
to earlier termination as provided in Sections 6(g) and 6(h) of the Plan. An Option may be exercised, as to any or all full shares of
Class B Common Stock as to which the Option has become exercisable, by written notice delivered in person, by mail, e-mail, fax or overnight
delivery to the Company&rsquo;s transfer agent or other administrator designated by the Company, specifying the number of shares of Class
B Common Stock with respect to which the Option is being exercised.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)
TERMINATION. Except as provided in this Section 6(g) and in Section 6(h) of the Plan, an Option may not be exercised unless the Grantee
is then in the employ of or maintaining a director or consultant relationship with the Company or a Subsidiary thereof (or a company
or a Parent or Subsidiary of such company issuing or assuming the Option in a transaction to which Section 424(a) of the Code applies),
and unless the Grantee has remained in Continuous Service with the Company or any Subsidiary since the date of grant of the Option unless
otherwise determined by the Committee. In the event that the employment or consultant relationship of a Grantee shall terminate (other
than by reason of death, Disability or Retirement), all Options of such Grantee that are exercisable at the time of Grantee&rsquo;s termination
may, unless earlier terminated in accordance with their terms, be exercised within 180 days after the date of termination (or such different
period as the Committee shall prescribe).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)
DEATH, DISABILITY OR RETIREMENT OF GRANTEE. If a Grantee shall die while employed by, or maintaining a director or consultant relationship
with, the Company or a Subsidiary thereof, or within thirty (30) days after the date of termination of such Grantee&rsquo;s employment,
director or consultant relationship (or within such different period as the Committee may have provided pursuant to Section 6(g) of the
Plan), or if the Grantee&rsquo;s employment, director or consultant relationship shall terminate by reason of Disability, all Options
theretofore granted to such Grantee (to the extent otherwise exercisable) may, unless earlier terminated in accordance with their terms,
be exercised by the Grantee or by the Grantee&rsquo;s estate or by a person who acquired the right to exercise such Options by bequest
or inheritance or otherwise by result of death or Disability of the Grantee, at any time within 180 days after the death or Disability
of the Grantee (or such different period as the Committee shall prescribe). In the event that an Option granted hereunder shall be exercised
by the legal representatives of a deceased or former Grantee, written notice of such exercise shall be accompanied by a certified copy
of letters testamentary or equivalent proof of the right of such legal representative to exercise such Option. In the event that the
employment or consultant relationship of a Grantee shall terminate on account of such Grantee&rsquo;s Retirement, all Options of such
Grantee that are exercisable at the time of such Retirement may, unless earlier terminated in accordance with their terms, be exercised
at any time within one hundred eighty (180) days after the date of such Retirement (or such different period as the Committee shall prescribe).
All unvested Options shall be terminated upon death, disability or retirement, unless otherwise determined by the Committee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
OTHER PROVISIONS. The Option Agreements evidencing awards under the Plan shall contain such other terms and conditions not inconsistent
with the Plan as the Committee may determine.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.
Nonqualified Stock Options.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Options
granted pursuant to this Section 7 are intended to constitute Nonqualified Stock Options and shall be subject only to the general terms
and conditions specified in Section 6 of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.
Incentive Stock Options.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Options
granted pursuant to this Section 8 are intended to constitute Incentive Stock Options and shall be subject to the following special terms
and conditions, in addition to the general terms and conditions specified in Section 6 of the Plan:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
LIMITATION ON VALUE OF SHARES. To the extent that the aggregate Fair Market Value of shares of Class B Common Stock subject to Options
designated as Incentive Stock Options which become exercisable for the first time by a Grantee during any calendar year (under all plans
of the Company or any Subsidiary) exceeds $100,000, such excess Options, to the extent of the shares covered thereby in excess of the
foregoing limitation, shall be treated as Nonqualified Stock Options. For this purpose, Incentive Stock Options shall be taken into account
in the order in which they were granted, and the Fair Market Value of the shares of Class B Common Stock shall be determined as of the
date that the Option with respect to such shares was granted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
TEN PERCENT STOCKHOLDER. In the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to a Ten Percent Stockholder, (i) the Option Price shall not
be less than one hundred ten percent (110%) of the Fair Market Value of the shares of Class B Common Stock on the date of grant of such
Incentive Stock Option, and (ii) the exercise period shall not exceed five (5) years from the date of grant of such Incentive Stock Option.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9.
Stock Appreciation Rights.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Committee shall have authority to grant a Stock Appreciation Right, either alone or in tandem with any Option. A Stock Appreciation Right
granted in tandem with an Option shall, except as provided in this Section 9 or as may be determined by the Committee, be subject to
the same terms and conditions as the related Option. Each Stock Appreciation Right granted pursuant to the Plan shall be evidenced by
a written Agreement between the Company and the Grantee in such form as the Committee shall from time to time approve, which Agreement
shall comply with and be subject to the following terms and conditions, unless otherwise specifically provided in such Agreement:</FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
TIME OF GRANT. A Stock Appreciation Right may be granted at such time or times as may be determined by the Committee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
PAYMENT. A Stock Appreciation Right shall entitle the holder thereof, upon exercise of the Stock Appreciation Right or any portion thereof,
to receive payment of an amount computed pursuant to Section 9(d) of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
EXERCISE. A Stock Appreciation Right shall be exercisable at such time or times and only to the extent determined by the Committee, and
will not be transferable. A Stock Appreciation Right granted in connection with an Incentive Stock Option shall be exercisable only if
the Fair Market Value of a share of Class B Common Stock on the date of exercise exceeds the purchase price specified in the related
Incentive Stock Option. Unless otherwise approved by the Committee, no Grantee shall be permitted to exercise any Stock Appreciation
Right during the period beginning two weeks prior to the end of each of the Company&rsquo;s fiscal quarters and ending on the second
business day following the day on which the Company releases to the public a summary of its fiscal results for such period.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
AMOUNT PAYABLE. Upon the exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right, the Optionee shall be entitled to receive an amount determined by multiplying
(i) the excess of the Fair Market Value of a share of Class B Common Stock on the date of exercise of such Stock Appreciation Right over
the exercise or other base price of the Stock Appreciation Right or, if applicable, the Option Price of the related Option, by (ii) the
number of shares of Class B Common Stock as to which such Stock Appreciation Right is being exercised.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)
TREATMENT OF RELATED OPTIONS AND STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS UPON EXERCISE. Upon the exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right, the related
Option, if any, shall be canceled to the extent of the number of shares of Class B Common Stock as to which the Stock Appreciation Right
is exercised. Upon the exercise or surrender of an Option granted in connection with a Stock Appreciation Right, the Stock Appreciation
Right shall be canceled to the extent of the number of shares of Class B Common Stock as to which the Option is exercised or surrendered.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)
METHOD OF EXERCISE. Stock Appreciation Rights shall be exercised by a Grantee only by a written notice delivered to the Company in accordance
with procedures specified by the Company from time to time. Such notice shall state the number of shares of Class B Common Stock with
respect to which the Stock Appreciation Right is being exercised. A Grantee may also be required to deliver to the Company the underlying
Agreement evidencing the Stock Appreciation Right being exercised and any related Option Agreement so that a notation of such exercise
may be made thereon, and such Agreements shall then be returned to the Grantee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)
FORM OF PAYMENT. Payment of the amount determined under Section 9(d) of the Plan may be made solely in whole shares of Class B Common
Stock in a number based upon their Fair Market Value on the date of exercise of the Stock Appreciation Right or, alternatively, at the
sole discretion of the Committee, solely in cash, or in a combination of cash and shares of Class B Common Stock as the Committee deems
advisable. If the Committee decides to make full payment in shares of Class B Common Stock and the amount payable results in a fractional
share, payment for the fractional share will be made in cash.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.
Limited Stock Appreciation Rights.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Committee shall have authority to grant a Limited Right, either alone or in tandem with any Option. Each Limited Right granted pursuant
to the Plan shall be evidenced by a written Agreement between the Company and the Grantee in such form as the Committee shall from time
to time approve, which Agreement shall comply with and be subject to the following terms and conditions, unless otherwise specifically
provided in such Agreement:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
TIME OF GRANT. A Limited Right may be granted at such time or times as may be determined by the Committee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
EXERCISE. A Limited Right may be exercised only (i) during the ninety-day period following the occurrence of a Change in Control or (ii)
immediately prior to the effective date of a Corporate Transaction. A Limited Right shall be exercisable at such time or times and only
to the extent determined by the Committee, and will not be transferable except to the extent any related Option is transferable or as
otherwise determined by the Committee. A Limited Right granted in connection with an Incentive Stock Option shall be exercisable only
if the Fair Market Value of a share of Class B Common Stock on the date of exercise exceeds the purchase price specified in the related
Incentive Stock Option.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
AMOUNT PAYABLE. Upon the exercise of a Limited Right, the Grantee thereof shall receive in cash whichever of the following amounts is
applicable:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
in the case of the realization of Limited Rights by reason of an acquisition of common stock described in clause (i) of the definition
of &ldquo;Change in Control&rdquo; (Section 2(c) of this Plan), an amount equal to the Acquisition Spread as defined in Section 10(d)(ii)
below; or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)
in the case of the realization of Limited Rights by reason of stockholder approval of an agreement or plan described in clause (i) of
the definition of &ldquo;Corporate Transaction&rdquo; (Section 2(j) of this Plan), an amount equal to the Merger Spread as defined in
Section 10(d)(iv) below; or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)
in the case of the realization of Limited Rights by reason of the change in composition of the Board described in clause (ii) of the
definition of &ldquo;Change in Control&rdquo; or stockholder approval of a plan or agreement described in clause (ii) of the definition
of Corporate Transaction, an amount equal to the Spread as defined in Section 10(d)(v) of this Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
the foregoing provisions of this Section 10(c) (or unless otherwise approved by the Committee), in the case of a Limited Right granted
in respect of an Incentive Stock Option, the Grantee may not receive an amount in excess of the maximum amount that will enable such
option to continue to qualify under the Code as an Incentive Stock Option.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
DETERMINATION OF AMOUNTS PAYABLE. The amounts to be paid to a Grantee pursuant to Section 10(c) of this Plan shall be determined as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
The term &ldquo;Acquisition Price per Share&rdquo; as used herein shall mean, with respect to the exercise of any Limited Right by reason
of an acquisition of Class B Common Stock described in clause (i) of the definition of Change in Control, the greatest of (A) the highest
price per share shown on the Statement on Schedule 13D or amendment thereto filed by the holder of 25% or more of the voting power of
the Company that gives rise to the exercise of such Limited Right, (B) the highest price paid in any tender or exchange offer which is
in effect at any time during the ninety-day period ending on the date of exercise of the Limited Right, or (C) the highest Fair Market
Value per share of Class B Common Stock during the ninety day period ending on the date the Limited Right is exercised.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)
The term &ldquo;Acquisition Spread&rdquo; as used herein shall mean an amount equal to the product computed by multiplying (A) the excess
of (1) the Acquisition Price per Share over (2) the exercise or other base price of the Limited Right or, if applicable, the Option Price
per share of Class B Common Stock at which the related Option is exercisable, by (B) the number of shares of Class B Common Stock with
respect to which such Limited Right is being exercised.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)
The term &ldquo;Merger Price per Share&rdquo; as used herein shall mean, with respect to the exercise of any Limited Right by reason
of stockholder approval of an agreement described in clause (i) of the definition of Corporate Transaction, the greatest of (A) the fixed
or formula price for the acquisition of shares of Class B Common Stock specified in such agreement, if such fixed or formula price is
determinable on the date on which such Limited Right is exercised, (B) the highest price paid in any tender or exchange offer which is
in effect at any time during the ninety-day period ending on the date of exercise of the Limited Right, (C) the highest Fair Market Value
per share of Class B Common Stock during the ninety-day period ending on the date on which such Limited Right is exercised.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)
The term &ldquo;Merger Spread&rdquo; as used herein shall mean an amount equal to the product. computed by multiplying (A) the excess
of (1) the Merger Price per Share over (2) the exercise or other base price of the Limited Right or, if applicable, the Option Price
per share of Class B Common Stock at which the related Option is exercisable, by (B) the number of shares of Class B Common Stock with
respect to which such Limited Right is being exercised.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)
The term &ldquo;Spread&rdquo; as used herein shall mean, with respect to the exercise of any Limited Right by reason of a change in the
composition of the Board described in clause (ii) of the definition of Change in Control or stockholder approval of a plan or agreement
described in clause (ii) of the definition of Corporate Transaction, an amount equal to the product computed by multiplying (i) the excess
of (A) the greater of (1) the highest price paid in any tender or exchange offer which is in effect at any time during the ninety-day
period ending on the date of exercise of the Limited Right or (2) the highest Fair Market Value per share of Class B Common Stock during
the ninety day period ending on the date the Limited Right is exercised over (B) the exercise or other base price of the Limited Right
or, if applicable, the Option Price per share of Class B Common Stock at which the related Option is exercisable, by (ii) the number
of shares of Class B Common Stock with respect to which the Limited Right is being exercised.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)
TREATMENT OF RELATED OPTIONS AND LIMITED RIGHTS UPON EXERCISE. Upon the exercise of a Limited Right, the related Option, if any, shall
cease to be exercisable to the extent of the shares of Class B Common Stock with respect to which such Limited Right is exercised but
shall be considered to have been exercised to that extent for purposes of determining the number of shares of Class B Common Stock available
for the grant of future awards pursuant to this Plan. Upon the exercise or termination of a related Option, if any, the Limited Right
with respect to such related Option shall terminate to the extent of the shares of Class B Common Stock with respect to which the related
Option was exercised or terminated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)
METHOD OF EXERCISE. To exercise a Limited Right, the Grantee shall (i) deliver written notice to the Company specifying the number of
shares of Class B Common Stock with respect to which the Limited Right is being exercised, and (ii) if requested by the Committee, deliver
to the Company the Agreement evidencing the Limited Rights being exercised and, if applicable, the Option Agreement evidencing the related
Option; the Company shall endorse thereon a notation of such exercise and return such Agreements to the Grantee. The date of exercise
of a Limited Right that is validly exercised shall be deemed to be the date on which there shall have been delivered the instruments
referred to in the first sentence of this Section 10(f).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11.
Restricted Stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Committee may award shares of Restricted Stock to any eligible employee, director or consultant of the Company or of any Subsidiary.
Each award of Restricted Stock under the Plan shall be evidenced by a written Agreement between the Company and the Grantee, in such
form as the Committee shall from time to time approve, which Agreement shall comply with and be subject to the following terms and conditions,
unless otherwise specifically provided in such Agreement:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
NUMBER OF SHARES. Each Agreement shall state the number of shares of Restricted Stock to be subject to an award.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
RESTRICTIONS. Shares of Restricted Stock may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of, except
by will or the laws of descent and distribution, for such period as the Committee shall determine from the date on which the award is
granted (the &ldquo;Restricted Period&rdquo;). The Committee may also impose such additional or alternative restrictions and conditions
on the shares as it deems appropriate including, but not limited to, the satisfaction of performance criteria. Such performance criteria
may include, without limitation, sales, earnings before interest and taxes, return on investment, earnings per share, any combination
of the foregoing or rate of growth of any of the foregoing, as determined by the Committee. The Company may, at its option, maintain
issued shares in book entry form. Certificates, if any, for shares of stock issued pursuant to Restricted Stock awards shall bear an
appropriate legend referring to such restrictions, and any attempt to dispose of any such shares of stock in contravention of such restrictions
shall be null and void and without effect. During the Restricted Period, any such certificates shall be held in a restricted account
a at the transfer agent appointed by the Company. In determining the Restricted Period of an award, the Committee may provide that the
foregoing restrictions shall lapse with respect to specified percentages of the awarded shares on successive anniversaries or other specified
dates of the date of such award.</FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
FORFEITURE. Subject to such exceptions as may be determined by the Committee, if the Grantee&rsquo;s Continuous Service with the Company
or any Subsidiary shall terminate for any reason prior to the expiration of the Restricted Period of an award, any shares remaining subject
to restrictions (after taking into account the provisions of Subsection (e) of this Section 11) shall thereupon be forfeited by the Grantee
and transferred to, and retired by, the Company without cost to the Company or such Subsidiary, and such shares shall become available
for subsequent grants of awards under the Plan, unless otherwise determined by the Committee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
OWNERSHIP. During the Restricted Period, the Grantee shall possess all incidents of ownership of such shares, subject to Subsection (b)
of this Section 11, including the right to receive dividends with respect to such shares and to vote such shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)
ACCELERATED LAPSE OF RESTRICTIONS. Upon the occurrence of any of the events specified in Section 13 of the Plan (and subject to the conditions
set forth therein), all restrictions then outstanding on any shares of Restricted Stock awarded under the Plan shall lapse as of the
applicable date set forth in Section 13. The Committee shall have the authority (and the Agreement may so provide) to cancel all or any
portion of any outstanding restrictions prior to the expiration of the Restricted Period with respect to any or all of the shares of
Restricted Stock awarded on such terms and conditions as the Committee shall deem appropriate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11A.
Deferred Stock Units.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Committee may award Deferred Stock Units to any outside director, eligible employee or consultant of the Company or of any Subsidiary.
Each award of Deferred Stock Units under the Plan shall be evidenced by a written Agreement between the Company and the Grantee, in such
form as the Committee shall from time to time approve, which Agreement shall comply with and be subject to the following terms and conditions,
unless otherwise specifically provided in such Agreement:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)
NUMBER OF SHARES. Each Agreement for Deferred Stock Units shall state the number of shares of Class B Common Stock to be subject to an
award.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)
RESTRICTIONS. Deferred Stock Units may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of, except by
will or the laws of descent and distribution, until shares of Class B Common Stock are payable with respect to an award. The Committee
may impose such vesting restrictions and conditions on the payment of shares as it deems appropriate including the satisfaction of performance
criteria. Such performance criteria may include sales, earnings before interest and taxes, return on investment, earnings per share,
any combination of the foregoing or rate of growth of any of the foregoing, as determined by the Committee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)
FORFEITURE. Subject to such exceptions as may be determined by the Committee, if the Grantee&rsquo;s Continuous Service with the Company
or any Subsidiary shall terminate for any reason prior to the Grantee becoming fully vested in the award, then the Grantee&rsquo;s rights
under any unvested Deferred Stock Units shall be forfeited without cost to the Company or such Subsidiary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
OWNERSHIP. Until shares are delivered with respect to Deferred Stock Units, the Grantee shall not possess any incidents of ownership
of such shares, including the right to receive dividends with respect to such shares and to vote such shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)
ACCELERATED LAPSE OF RESTRICTIONS. Upon the occurrence of any of the events specified in Section 13 of the Plan (and subject to the conditions
set forth therein), all restrictions then outstanding on any Deferred Stock Units awarded under the Plan shall lapse as of the applicable
date set forth in Section 13. The Committee shall have the authority (and the Agreement may so provide) to cancel all or any portion
of any outstanding restrictions prior to the expiration of any restricted period with respect to any or all of the shares of Deferred
Stock Units awarded on such terms and conditions as the Committee shall deem appropriate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12.
Effect of Certain Changes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
ADJUSTMENTS UPON CHANGES IN CAPITALIZATION. In the event of any extraordinary liquidating dividend, stock dividend, recapitalization,
merger, consolidation, stock split, warrant or rights issuance, or combination or exchange of such shares, or other similar transactions,
the Committee shall equitably adjust (i) the number of shares of Class B Common Stock available for awards under the Plan, (ii) the number
and/or kind of shares covered by outstanding awards and (iii) the Option Price per share of Options or the applicable market value of
Stock Appreciation Rights or Limited Rights, in each such case so as to reflect such event and preserve the value of such awards; provided,
however, that any fractional shares resulting from such adjustment shall be eliminated. This provision shall not apply to cash dividends
or returns of capital.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
CHANGE IN CLASS B COMMON STOCK. In the event of a change in the Class B Common Stock as presently constituted that is limited to a change
of all of its authorized shares of Class B Common Stock into the same number of shares with a different par value or without par value,
the shares resulting from any such change shall be deemed to be the Class B Common Stock within the meaning of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13.
Corporate Transaction; Change in Control; Related Entity Disposition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
CORPORATE TRANSACTION. In the event of a Corporate Transaction, each award which is at the time outstanding under the Plan shall automatically
become fully vested and exercisable and, in the case of an award of Restricted Stock or an award of Deferred Stock Units, shall be released
from any restrictions on transfer (except with regard to the Insider Trading Policy and such other agreements between the Grantee and
the Company) and repurchase or forfeiture rights, immediately prior to the specified effective date of such Corporate Transaction. Effective
upon the consummation of the Corporate Transaction, all outstanding awards of Options, Stock Appreciation Rights and Limited Rights under
the Plan shall terminate, unless otherwise determined by the Committee. However, all such awards shall not terminate if the awards are,
in connection with the Corporate Transaction, assumed by the successor corporation or Parent thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
CHANGE IN CONTROL. In the event of a Change in Control (other than a Change in Control which is also a Corporate Transaction), each award
which is at the time outstanding under the Plan automatically shall become fully vested and exercisable and, in the case of an award
of Restricted Stock or an award of Deferred Stock Units, shall be released from any restrictions on transfer and repurchase or forfeiture
rights, immediately prior to the specified effective date of such Change in Control.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
RELATED ENTITY DISPOSITION. The Continuous Service of each Grantee (who is primarily engaged in service to a Related Entity at the time
it is involved in a Related Entity Disposition) shall terminate effective upon the consummation of such Related Entity Disposition, and
each outstanding award of such Grantee under the Plan shall become fully vested and exercisable and, in the case of an award of Restricted
Stock or an award of Deferred Stock Units, shall be released from any restrictions on transfer (except with regard to the Insider Trading
Policy and such other agreements between the Grantee and the Company). Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the Continuous Service
of a Grantee shall not be deemed to terminate (and each outstanding award of such Grantee under the Plan shall not become fully vested
and exercisable and, in the case of an award of Restricted Stock or an award of Deferred Stock Units, shall not be released from any
restrictions on transfer) if (i) a Related Entity Disposition involves the spin-off of a Related Entity, for so long as such Grantee
continues to remain in the service of such entity that constituted the Related Entity immediately prior to the consummation of such Related
Entity Disposition (&ldquo;SpinCo&rdquo;) in any capacity of officer, employee, director or consultant or (ii) an outstanding award is
assumed by the surviving corporation (whether SpinCo or otherwise) or its parent entity in connection with a Related Entity Disposition.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
SUBSTITUTE AWARDS. The Committee may grant awards under the Plan in substitution of stock-based incentive awards held by employees, consultants
or directors of another entity who become employees, consultants or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary by reason of a merger
or consolidation of such entity with the Company or any Subsidiary, or the acquisition by the Company or a Subsidiary of property or
equity of such entity, upon such terms and conditions as the Committee may determine, and such awards shall not count against the share
limitation set forth in Section 5 of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14.
Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
provisions of this Section 14 shall apply only to certain grants of Restricted Stock to Non-Employee Directors, as provided below. Except
as set forth in this Section 14, the other provisions of the Plan shall apply to grants of Restricted Stock to Non-Employee Directors
to the extent not inconsistent with this Section. For purposes of interpreting Section 6 of the Plan and this Section 14, a Non-Employee
Director&rsquo;s service as a member of the Board or the board of directors of any Subsidiary shall be deemed to be employment with the
Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
GENERAL. Non-Employee Directors shall receive Restricted Stock in accordance with this Section 14. Restricted Stock granted pursuant
to this Section 14 shall be subject to the terms of such section and shall not be subject to discretionary acceleration of vesting by
the Committee. Unless determined otherwise by the Committee, Non-Employee Directors shall not receive separate and additional grants
hereunder for being a Non-Employee Director of (i) the Company and a Subsidiary or (ii) more than one Subsidiary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
INITIAL GRANTS OF RESTRICTED STOCK. A Non-Employee Director who first becomes a Non-Employee Director shall receive a pro-rata amount
(based on projected quarters of service to the following Non-Employee Director Grant Date) of a Non-Employee Director Annual Grant on
his date of appointment as a Non-Employee Director.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
ANNUAL GRANTS OF RESTRICTED STOCK. On each Non-Employee Director Grant Date, each Non-Employee Director shall receive a Non-Employee
Director Annual Grant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
VESTING OF RESTRICTED STOCK. Restricted Stock granted under this Section 14 shall be fully vested on the date of grant.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15.
Period During which Awards May Be Granted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Awards
may be granted pursuant to the Plan from time to time commencing on January 1, 2015 until September 16, 2024 (ten (10) years from September
17, 2014, the date the Board initially adopted the Plan). No awards shall be effective prior to the approval of the Plan by a majority
of the Company&rsquo;s stockholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16.
Transferability of Awards.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
Incentive Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights may not be sold, pledged, assigned, hypothecated, transferred or disposed of in
any manner other than by the laws of descent and distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of the Grantee, only by the Grantee
or his or her guardian or legal representative.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
Nonqualified Stock Options shall be transferable in the manner and to the extent acceptable to the Committee, as evidenced by a writing
signed by the Company and the Grantee. Nonqualified Stock Options (together with any Stock Appreciation Rights or Limited Rights related
thereto) shall be transferable by a Grantee as a gift to the Grantee&rsquo;s &ldquo;family members&rdquo; (as defined in Form S-8) under
such terms and conditions as may be established by the Committee; provided that the Grantee receives no consideration for the transfer.
Notwithstanding the transfer by a Grantee of a Nonqualified Stock Option, the transferred Nonqualified Stock Option shall continue to
be subject to the same terms and conditions as were applicable to the Nonqualified Stock Option immediately before the transfer (including,
without limitation, the Insider Trading Policy) and the Grantee will continue to remain subject to the withholding tax requirements set
forth in Section 17 hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
The terms of any award granted under the Plan, including the transferability of any such award, shall be binding upon the executors,
administrators, heirs and successors of the Grantee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
Restricted Stock shall remain subject to the Insider Trading Policy after the expiration of the Restricted Period. Deferred Stock Units
shall remain subject to the Insider Trading Policy after payment thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17.
Agreement by Grantee regarding Withholding Taxes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the Committee shall so require, as a condition of exercise of an Option, Stock Appreciation Right or Limited Right, the expiration of
a Restricted Period or payment of a Deferred Stock Unit (each, a &ldquo;Tax Event&rdquo;), each Grantee shall agree that no later than
the date of the Tax Event, the Grantee will pay to the Company or make arrangements satisfactory to the Committee regarding payment of
any federal, state or local taxes of any kind required by law to be withheld upon the Tax Event. Unless determined otherwise by the Committee,
a Grantee shall permit, to the extent permitted or required by law, the Company to withhold federal, state and local taxes of any kind
required by law to be withheld upon the Tax Event from any payment of any kind due to the Grantee. Unless otherwise determined by the
Committee, any such above-described withholding obligation may, in the discretion of the Company, be satisfied by the withholding by
the Company or delivery to the Company of Class B Common Stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18.
Rights as a Stockholder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except
as provided in Section 11(d) of the Plan, a Grantee or a transferee of an award shall have no rights as a stockholder with respect to
any shares covered by the award until the date of the issuance of such shares to him or her. No adjustment shall be made for dividends
(ordinary or extraordinary, whether in cash, securities or other property) or distribution of other rights for which the record date
is prior to the date such shares are issued, except as provided in Section 12(a) of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19.
No Rights to Employment; Forfeiture of Gains.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nothing
in the Plan or in any award granted or Agreement entered into pursuant hereto shall confer upon any Grantee the right to continue as
a director of, in the employ of, or in a consultant relationship with, the Company or any Subsidiary or to be entitled to any remuneration
or benefits not set forth in the Plan or such Agreement or to interfere with or limit in any way the right of the Company or any such
Subsidiary to terminate such Grantee&rsquo;s employment or consulting relationship. Awards granted under the Plan shall not be affected
by any change in duties or position of a Grantee as long as such Grantee continues to be employed by, or in a consultant relationship
with, or a director of the Company or any Subsidiary. The Agreement for any award under the Plan may require the Grantee to pay to the
Company any financial gain realized from the prior exercise, vesting or payment of the award in the event that the Grantee engages in
conduct that violates any non-compete, non-solicitation or non-disclosure obligation of the Grantee under any agreement with the Company
or any Subsidiary, including, without limitation, any such obligations provided in the Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20.
Beneficiary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
Grantee may file with the Committee a written designation of a beneficiary on such form as may be prescribed by the Committee and may,
from time to time, amend or revoke such designation. If no designated beneficiary survives the Grantee, the executor or administrator
of the Grantee&rsquo;s estate shall be deemed to be the Grantee&rsquo;s beneficiary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21.
Authorized Share Approval; Amendment and Termination of the Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
AUTHORIZED SHARE APPROVAL. The Plan was adopted by the Board on September 17, 2014. The Plan was ratified by the Company&rsquo;s stockholders
on December 15, 2014, with 500,000 shares of Class B Common Stock authorized for awards under the Plan. The Plan shall become effective
on January 1, 2015 and shall terminate on September 16, 2024. The Board amended the Plan on September 24, 2015 and October 13, 2016 to
increase the amount of authorized shares under the Plan to 600,000 and then 700,000, respectively, shares of Class B Common Stock. The
Company&rsquo;s stockholders ratified such amendments to the Plan on December 14, 2015 and December 14, 2016, respectively. The Board
amended the Plan on September 28, 2017 to increase the amount of authorized shares under the Plan to 1,030,000 shares of Class B Common
Stock and on November 9, 2017 to remove certain provisions related to Section 162(m) of the Code. The Company&rsquo;s stockholders ratified
such amendments to the Plan on December 14, 2017. The Board amended the Plan on November 15, 2018 to increase the amount of authorized
shares under the Plan to 1,130,000 shares of Class B Common Stock. The Company&rsquo;s stockholders ratified such amendment to the Plan
on December 13, 2018. The Board further amended the Plan on September 12, 2019 to (i) increase the amount of authorized shares under
the Plan to 1,555,000 shares of Class B Common Stock and (ii) change the Non-Employee Director Annual Grant from 4,000 shares of Restricted
Stock to Restricted Stock equal to $50,000 based on the average of the high and the low stock price on the business day prior to the
Non-Employee Director Grant Date. The Company&rsquo;s stockholders ratified such amendment to the Plan on December 12, 2019. The Board
further amended the Plan on September 14, 2021 to increase the amount of authorized shares under the Plan to 1,730,000 shares of Class
B Common Stock. The Company&rsquo;s stockholders ratified such amendment to the Plan on December 15, 2021. The Board further amended
the Plan on October 31, 2022 to increase the amount of authorized shares under the Plan to 1,780,000 shares of Class B Common Stock and
on November 3, 2022 to change the definition of Change in Control. The Company&rsquo;s stockholders ratified such amendments to the Plan
on December 14, 2022. The Board further amended the Plan on October 11, 2023 to increase the amount of authorized shares under the Plan
to 2,030,000 shares of Class B Common Stock and on November 3, 2022 to change the definition of Change in Control. The Company&rsquo;s
stockholders ratified such amendments to the Plan on December 13, 2023.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION OF THE PLAN. The Board, or the Committee if so delegated by the Board, at any time and from time to time may
suspend, terminate, modify or amend the Plan; however, unless otherwise determined by the Board, or the Committee if applicable, an amendment
that requires stockholder approval in order for the Plan to continue to comply with any law, regulation or stock exchange requirement
shall not be effective unless approved by the requisite vote of stockholders. Except as provided in Section 13(a) of the Plan, no suspension,
termination, modification or amendment of the Plan may adversely affect any award previously granted, unless the written consent of the
Grantee is obtained.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22.
Governing Law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Plan and all determinations made and actions taken pursuant hereto shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>ex5-1.htm
<TEXT>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 5.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
16, 2023</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Corporation</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">520
Broad Street</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Newark,
New Jersey 07102</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Re:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>IDT Corporation&mdash;Registration Statement on
    Form S-8</U></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 48.95pt; text-indent: -24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ladies
and Gentlemen:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I
am the General Counsel of IDT Corporation, Inc. (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), and as such I have been asked to render the following opinion
in connection with the registration statement on Form S-8 (the &ldquo;Registration Statement&rdquo;) to be filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;) in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, of
an aggregate of 300,000 shares of the Company&rsquo;s Class B common stock, par value $0.01 (the &ldquo;Class B Common Stock&rdquo;),
which are reserved for issuance pursuant to the IDT Corporation 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as Amended and Restated (the &ldquo;SOP&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
your counsel in connection with the Registration Statement, I have examined the SOP, the proceedings taken by you in connection with
the adoption of the SOP, the proceedings taken by you in connection with the amendment and restatement of the SOP and such other documents
and records as I have deemed necessary or advisable to render this Opinion.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
upon the foregoing, it is my opinion that the shares of Class B Common Stock to be offered pursuant to the Registration Statement, when
issued and outstanding pursuant to the terms of the SOP, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I
hereby consent to the filing of this Opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/ Joyce
    J. Mason</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joyce J. Mason</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">General Counsel</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; background-color: white"></P>

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<TYPE>EX-23.2
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>ex23-2.htm
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<P STYLE="margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
23.2</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>CONSENT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have issued our reports dated October 16, 2023 with respect to the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial
reporting of IDT Corporation included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2023, which are incorporated by reference
in this Registration Statement. We consent to the incorporation by reference of the aforementioned reports in this Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/S/
    GRANT THORNTON, LLP</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
    York, New York</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
    16, 2023</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-FILING FEES
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>ex107.htm
<TEXT>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
107</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Calculation
of Filing Fee Table</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Form
S-8</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Form
Type)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>IDT
CORPORATION </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Exact
Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Table
1: Newly Registered Securities</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Security&nbsp;Type</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Security
    <BR>Class <BR>Title</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fee
    <BR>Calculation <BR>Rule</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amount
    <BR>Registered (1)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proposed
    <BR>Maximum <BR>Offering <BR>Price&nbsp;Per <BR>Unit</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Maximum
    <BR>Aggregate <BR>Offering <BR>Price</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fee
    <BR>Rate</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amount&nbsp;of
    <BR>Registration <BR>Fee</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 11%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Class
    B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 9%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">457(h)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">300,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27.12</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8,136,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 8%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.0001476</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 8%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,200.88</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="8" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    Offering Amounts</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8,136,000</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,200.88</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="8" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    Fees Previously Paid</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="8" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
    Fee Offsets</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&mdash;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="8" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
    Fee Due</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,200.88</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
                                            to Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;),
                                            the number of shares being registered shall be adjusted to include such additional indeterminate
                                            number of shares as may be issuable pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of the IDT Corporation
                                            2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the &ldquo;SOP&rdquo;). In
                                            addition, pursuant to Rule 416(c) under the Securities Act, this registration statement also
                                            covers an indeterminate amount of interests to be offered or sold pursuant to the employee
                                            benefit plans described herein.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Represents
                                            shares of Class B Common Stock of the Registrant (&ldquo;Class B Common Stock&rdquo;) reserved
                                            for issuance pursuant to the SOP.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Estimated
                                            solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee pursuant to Rules
                                            457(c) and 457(h) under the Securities Act and based upon the average of the high and low
                                            reported prices of the shares of the Class B Common Stock on the NYSE American on October
                                            12, 2023, <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">a date within five business days prior to
                                            the filing of this Registration Statement</FONT>.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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